Unit 3 Section Ⅲ Grammar and composition（Word教参）-【步步高】2024-2025学年高中英语选修第一册学习笔记（译林版）

本讲义聚焦高中英语虚拟语气中的非真实条件句这一核心知识点，系统梳理与现在、过去、将来事实相反的三种常规用法及混合时间、倒装等特殊用法，通过短文实例分析、语法规则表归纳、单句填空与补全短文等练习，构建从实例感知到规则理解再到应用输出的学习支架。 资料特色在于融合真实语境与多样练习提升语言能力，如通过建议信短文分析虚拟句实例，结合环保主题补全短文训练运用；设计不同时间条件句对比练习，引导学生逻辑分析假设情境，培养思维品质。课中助力教师系统授课，课后多样化练习便于学生自主回顾，有效查漏补缺，提升学习效率。

Section Ⅲ　Grammar and composition—Subjunctive mood (Ⅰ)：unreal conditionals 阅读下面的短文，画出文中的虚拟条件句，并分析。 Learning you are having trouble getting used to your new school life in London，I’d like to offer my suggestions to you. Firstly，if I were you，I would take part in some school associations where you can make some friends and know about their school life.If you had some friends there，you would not be so upset now.Another suggestion is that you should study hard.Should you get high marks，you would be more confident，which will help you adapt to the new environment soon.What’s more，keep up high spirits and be optimistic.After all，if you had not gone to London as an exchange student，you would have lost the chance to broaden your horizons and improve yourself. I hope my advice will be useful to you.I’m looking forward to your good news. 答案　 1．...if I were you，I would take part in some school associations... 2．If you had some friends there，you would not be so upset now. 3．Should you get high marks，you would be more confident... 4．...if you had not gone to London as an exchange student，you would have lost the chance to broaden your horizons and improve yourself. 分析：表示与过去事实相反的是句4。 表示与现在事实相反的是句1和句2。 表示与将来事实相反的是句3。 在英语中，表示不能实现的愿望或与事实相反的情况时，常用虚拟语气。虚拟语气常见于含有条件状语从句的句子中。 一、虚拟条件句的常规用法表 类别 从句谓语动词 主句谓语动词 例句 与现在事实相反 过去时(be用were) should/would/could/might＋动词原形 If you spent more time exercising，you would be more energetic. 如果你花更多的时间锻炼，你会更加精力充沛。 与过去 事实相反 had＋过去分词 should/would/could/might＋have＋过去分词 If you had come one minute earlier，you would have caught the bus. 如果你早来一分钟，你就赶上公交车了。 与将来 事实相反 过去时(be用were) should/would/could/might＋动词原形 If I had time tomorrow，I would accompany you to the party. 如果明天我有时间，我会陪你去参加聚会。 should＋动词原形 If he shouldn’t come tomorrow，we would put off the meeting. 如果他明天不来，我们就推迟这个会议。 were to＋动词原形 If he were to arrive late，people would complain about it.如果他来晚了，人们会抱怨的。 二、虚拟条件句的特殊用法 1．如果条件状语从句和主句的时间不一致，要根据具体情况使用动词的适当形式。如： If you had followed my advice，you would be better now. 如果你听了我的建议，你现在就好一些了。(从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反) 2．条件状语从句含有were，had或should 时，可以将它们置于句首，省略连接词if。如： (1)Were you to take the train(If you were to take the train)，you would get there sooner. 如果你坐火车的话，你就会早点到达那里。 (2)Had you informed me earlier(If you had informed me earlier)，I would not have signed the contract. 如果你早点告诉我，我就不会签那个合同了。 (3)Should you make a mistake(If you should make a mistake)，you would have to do the experiment again. 如果你犯了错误，你就必须再做一次实验。 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．If it rained/should rain/were to rain (rain) tomorrow，the sports meeting would be put off. 2．If you had followed (follow) my advice，you would have found a solution to the dilemma. 3．If I were (be) you，I would buy (buy) that house immediately. 4．If I hadn’t been faced with so many barriers，I wouldn’t be (not be) where I am. 5．If the new safety system had been put (put) to use，the accident would never have happened. Ⅱ.完成句子 1．要是我没有错过那班渡船，我们就能提前到那里了。 If I hadn’t missed that ferry，we would have got there ahead of time. 2．如果我没读英文报Youth，我在英语方面就不会有这么大的进步。 If I hadn’t read the newspaper Youth，I wouldn’t have made such great progress in English. 3．我常常想，如果每个人在成年初期的某个时候都能失聪和失明几天，那将是一件幸事。 I have often thought it would be a blessing if each human being were stricken blind and deaf for a few days at some time during his early adult life. 4．如果我们没有生产这种产品，我们的工厂现在就不会关闭。 If we hadn’t manufactured the product，our factory would not be closed now. Ⅲ.补全下面的短文 Human activity has affected the natural and ecological balance，badly harming the environment.For example，1.if humans had not hunted wild animals illegally，some rare animals would not have died out(如果人类没有非法猎杀野生动物，一些稀有动物就不会灭绝).2.If oceans and rivers were not so seriously polluted，many creatures in them would not be killed(如果海洋和河流没有受到如此严重的污染，其中的许多生物就不会被杀死).3.If there were not so many private cars and small factories，we would breathe fresh air(如果没有那么多的私家车和小工厂，我们就会呼吸到新鲜空气)．All of these facts will do harm to humans at last.Fortunately，more and more people are aware of this and doing their best to prevent the situation from getting worse.4.Should all of us make joint efforts，our environment would become more and more beautiful(如果我们大家共同努力，我们的环境就会变得越来越美好)． 训练3　Grammar and composition (满分：35分) Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8题；每小题2.5分，共20分) A At Phoenix Bikes，a non-profit bicycle shop and educational center，students are learning their ABCs.That stands for the air，brakes，and chain of basic bike mechanics.Phoenix Bikes sells bikes to the public at their business in Arlington，Virginia.But it also teaches teenagers how to repair bikes. Most students at Phoenix start in its after-school “earn-a-bike program”，at middle and high schools in and around Arlington County.Once a week over a 12-week period，students learn repair skills.The first lesson is to strip the bike.By doing this，they learn all the parts of a bike. In the first weeks，they work in small groups to repair a bike donated to the shop.The bikes often have missing or damaged parts.The finished bike is then given to a person in need from the community.Phoenix Bikes director Emily Gage said the shop partners with several local organizations to donate the bikes.Some bikes have been going to the poor in the area.In the last four weeks of the program，students come to the shop to work on one of the donated bikes which they can then take home at no cost. Some students who finish the 12-week program go on to a higher-level bike mechanics class.Some race bikes for the shop’s racing team.And others stay to volunteer at the store and fix more bikes to give away.Jimenez-Galindo said he hopes to return to the shop to fix bikes for the community and continue to learn.What is his favorite part of the experience？“Just the joy，the satisfaction that I get after it’s done.That now it’s fully complete，and it’s actually a bike instead of what was a husk(空架) of one.” 语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了非营利自行车店和教育中心Phoenix Bikes开展“earn-a-bike program”，不仅教会青少年如何修理自行车，还把修理好的自行车捐给需要的人。 1．What does the “earn-a-bike program” aim to do? A．To make profits for the shop. B．To train students for getting jobs. C．To give away bikes to people in need. D．To attract students to learn repair skills. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。由第一段中的“But it also teaches teenagers how to repair bikes.”和第二段中的“By doing this，they learn all the parts of a bike.”可知，“earn-a-bike program”的目标是吸引学生学习自行车维修技能。故选D项。 2．What does the underlined word “strip” mean in the second paragraph? A．Take apart. B．Fit together. C．Fix up. D．Test out. 答案　A 解析　词义猜测题。由第二段中画线词后的“By doing this，they learn all the parts of a bike.”可知，只有把自行车拆开才能了解每个部件，strip在此处意为“拆开(take apart)”。故选A项。 3．Why does Jimenez-Galindo hope to return to the shop? A．To repair bikes for the community. B．To join the shop’s racing team. C．To finish the 12-week program. D．To get the sense of satisfaction. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。由最后一段中的“Jimenez-Galindo said he hopes to return to the shop to fix bikes for the community and continue to learn.”可知，Jimenez-Galindo希望回到店里，是因为他想为社区修理自行车。故选A项。 4．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．Phoenix Bikes，a Second-hand Bike Shop B．Phoenix Bikes，an Unusual Bike Shop C．Phoenix Bikes，a Home for Bike Lovers D．Phoenix Bikes，a Great Place to Fix Bikes 答案　B 解析　标题归纳题。通读全文尤其根据第一段和第三段可知，文章讲述了非营利自行车店和教育中心Phoenix Bikes开展“earn-a-bike program”，不仅教会青少年如何修理自行车，还把修理好的自行车捐给需要的人，B项“Phoenix Bikes，一个不寻常的自行车店”符合文意。故选B项。 B UCLA bioengineers have designed a glove-like device(装置) that can translate American Sign Language into English speech in real time through a smartphone app.Their research is published in the journal Nature Electronics. “Our hope is that this opens up an easy way for people who use sign language to communicate directly with non-signers without needing someone else to translate for them，” said Jun Chen，an assistant professor of bioengineering at the UCLA Samueli School of Engineering and the principal investigator on the research.“In addition，we hope it can help more people learn sign language themselves.” The system includes a pair of gloves with thin，stretchable sensors that run the length of each of the five fingers.These sensors，made from electrically conducting yarns，pick up hand motions and finger placements that stand for individual letters，numbers，words and phrases.The device then turns the finger movements into electrical signals，which are sent to a dollar-coin-sized circuit board worn on the wrist.The board transmits those signals wirelessly to a smartphone that translates them into spoken words at the rate of about one word per second. The researchers also added adhesive(黏合的)sensors to testers’ faces—in between their eyebrows and on one side of their mouths—to capture facial expressions that are a part of American Sign Language. Previous wearable systems that offered translation from American Sign Language were limited by heavy device designs and were uncomfortable to wear，Chen said.The device developed by the UCLA team is made from lightweight and inexpensive but long-lasting，stretchable polymers.The electronic sensors are also very flexible and inexpensive. In testing the device，the researchers worked with four people who are deaf and use American Sign Language.The wearers repeated each hand gesture 15 times.A custom machine-learning algorithm(程序) turned these gestures into the letters，numbers and words they represented.The system recognized 660 signs，including each letter of the alphabet and numbers 0 through 9. 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了加州大学洛杉矶分校的工程师们设计了一种形似手套的装置，可以帮助使用手语的人直接与非手语者交流。 5．What can we learn about the glove-like device from Jun Chen’s words? A．It is mainly intended for sign language learning. B．It can make signers speak in a loud voice. C．It can translate English into other languages. D．It helps signers and non-signers communicate. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。由文章第二段第一句可知，这种形似手套的装置是用来帮助手语者直接与非手语者交流的。故选D项。 6．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The structure of the device. B．The working process of the device. C．The translating rate of the device. D．The connection between the sensors. 答案　B 解析　段落大意题。由文章第三段中“这些传感器由导电纱线制成，可以捕捉代表单个字母、数字、单词和短语的手势和手指的位置。然后，该设备将手指的动作转化为电子信号，发送到手腕上一块硬币大小的电路板上。电路板将这些信号无线传输到智能手机上，智能手机会以每秒一个单词的速度将信号翻译成语音”可知，本段主要介绍的是该装置的工作过程。故选B项。 7．Why do researchers add adhesive sensors to testers’ faces? A．To reduce the pressure of the main sensors. B．To make the device transmit signals quicker. C．To enrich the sign language users’ facial expressions. D．To make the device understand the sign language better. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。由文章第四段内容可推测，面部表情也是手语的一部分，研究者将传感器粘到试验者脸上是为了捕捉试验者的面部表情，让该装置更好地理解手语。故选D项。 8．What advantage does the glove-like device have over previous wearable systems? A．It is completely wireless. B．It is light and beautiful to wear. C．It is cheaper and lasts longer. D．It stores and recognizes more signs. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。由文章倒数第二段中“The device developed by the UCLA team is made from lightweight and inexpensive but long-lasting，stretchable polymers.”可知，这种形似手套的装置相比于以前的可穿戴系统更便宜，更耐用。故选C项。 Ⅱ.语法填空(共10题；每小题1.5分，共15分) All new cars sold in Europe from 2022 will have technology to limit their speed.New safety rules from the European Union will require new cars 1. (have) “intelligent speed assistance” systems，like seatbelts and airbags. There are other 2. (thing)that cars will be fitted with.All cars will have breathalyzers(呼气酒精测量仪)with 3. drivers won’t be allowed to drive if they have drunk too much alcohol.Cars must also have an advanced emergency braking system，4.__________ built-in data recorder，a tiredness and distraction monitor，and sensors to help when reversing.The EU says 25,000 people 5. (kill) each year on Europe’s roads.Most accidents are caused by human error.The new safety systems will reduce road deaths. There has been a mixed reaction 6. the new safety features.Some people agree with them，while others disagree.The EU said the features 7. (make) driving a lot safer.It added that the new safety features could save up to 10,500 lives and avoid up to 60,000 8.____________(extreme)serious injuries by the year 2030.Many drivers are unhappy with the technology.They say it could make roads more 9. (danger)because driving requires human judgment.A driver said he didn’t want data recorders in 10. (he) car because that was like Big Brother was watching him. 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。欧盟的新安全规则将要求新汽车配备“智能速度辅助”系统以保证行车安全。不同的人对此有不同的看法。 1．答案　to have 解析　考查非谓语动词。require sb to do sth意为“要求某人做某事”，为固定搭配。故填to have。 2．答案　things 解析　考查名词复数。根据are可知，此处主语为复数。故填things。 3．答案　which 解析　考查定语从句。定语从句中缺少介词with的宾语，在介词with之后，且先行词为breathalyzers，指物，所以应用关系代词which。故填which。 4．答案　a 解析　考查冠词。根据“an advanced emergency braking system”和“a tiredness and distraction monitor”可知，此处应用不定冠词表示泛指，且built-in的发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。 5．答案　are killed 解析　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。动词kill和主语people构成被动关系。此处描述客观事实，应用一般现在时。主语为复数，be动词用are。故填are killed。 6．答案　to 解析　考查介词。名词reaction意为“反应”，其后用介词to，表示“对……的反应”。故填to。 7．答案　would make 解析　考查时态。这些安全功能还没有真正安装，所以是指将来。主句“The EU said”为一般过去时，所以宾语从句中应用过去将来时。故填would make。 8．答案　extremely 解析　考查词性转换。修饰形容词serious应用副词作状语。故填extremely。 9．答案　dangerous 解析　考查词性转换。此处是指使道路更危险，所以应用形容词作宾语补足语。故填dangerous。 10．答案　his 解析　考查代词。修饰名词car应用形容词性物主代词。故填his。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $