Unit 5 Section Ⅲ Understanding ideas（Word教参）-【步步高】2024-2025学年高二英语选择性必修第一册学习笔记（外研版）

本讲义围绕Darwin的Beagle之旅及其进化论展开，通过“速读-细读-读后”三步支架，引导学生理解文章大意、篇章结构、细节信息，结合语法填空、句子结构分析及重点词块默写，构建从整体到细节的语言知识体系。 资料以分层阅读策略提升语言能力，通过推理判断、细节分析题培养思维品质，写作训练中强调句、倒装句应用强化学习能力。课中分步骤引导学生掌握阅读方法，课后练习题及词块默写助力巩固知识，查漏补缺。

Section Ⅲ 　Understanding ideas 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Step 1　速读——整体理解文意 Ⅰ.明文章大意 What is the main idea of the passage? A．Darwin’s interest in various things made him a great naturalist. B．Darwin’s journey on the Beagle inspired his theory of evolution. C．Why Darwin was chosen to go on a journey with the captain of the Beagle. D．Darwin went on a journey to confirm his theory that humans had evolved over time. 答案　B Ⅱ.悉篇章结构 Step 2　细读——深度获取细节 1．What can we learn about Charles Darwin from the passage? A．Charles Darwin was not an excellent graduate from the medical school. B．Charles Darwin was well received by the captain. C．All his achievements began with the journey on the Beagle. D．Charles Darwin explained his theory immediately he came back. 答案　A 2．Why was Darwin’s room on the ship crowded with samples of plants and animals? A．He was interested in them. B．He would send them to his friends as gifts. C．He would study their influences on the environment. D．The captain ordered him to do so. 答案　A 3．Why did Darwin’s book On the Origin of Species cause a storm? A．Because Darwin’s father considered it a failure. B．Because the book referred to something about humans. C．Because people used to believe that all species had happened on Earth at the same time. D．Because Darwin’s theory was short of evidence. 答案　C 4．According to Darwin，how did new species of plants and animals come to exist? A．They suddenly appeared on Earth at the same time. B．They evolved from earlier ancestors. C．New species would appear when old species died out. D．All the animals evolved from the finches. 答案　B 5．Which words can be used to describe Charles Darwin? A．Brave and dedicated. B．Diligent and humorous. C．Devoted and warm­hearted. D．Modest and responsible. 答案　A Step 3　读后——课文语法填空 Charles Darwin was a geologist and naturalist,1.fascinated(fascinate) by rocks，plants and animals.He left England on the ship，the Beagle，in 1831.The journey gave him the chance 2.to study(study) various living things in their natural environments.He noticed that some species of animals were very similar 3.to each other. At that time，people believed that all species 4.had appeared(appear) on Earth at the same time，and had not changed since.But Darwin began to think differently. When the ship reached the Galápagos Islands in 1835，it 5.was(be) the birds that interested him the most.He suspected that the different finches had evolved from a common ancestor，6.which had arrived on the islands a long time before. It was a 7.completely(complete) new idea—a theory of evolution.Darwin explained this theory in his book，On the Origin of Species.Many people refused to believe that living things,8.including(include) humans，had evolved from lower forms of life.But Darwin’s scientific studies were so convincing 9.that more and more people started to believe his theory. Today，the book is regarded as one of the most important works ever 10.written(write)． Ⅰ.补句子　析结构 1．The captain of the ship，the Beagle，wanted someone who would “profit by the opportunity of visiting distant countries yet little known(know)”．(P66 Para.1) 结构分析：此句为主从复合句，who引导定语从句，在句中作主语；主句的主语是The captain of the ship；the Beagle是the ship的同位语。 汉语翻译：贝格尔号的船长想要招募这样一名船员，这名船员将能“借此机会访问遥远而鲜为人知的国度并从中受益”。 2．It was a young man who had left medical school without completing(complete) his degree.(P66 Para.1) 结构分析：此句为主从复合句，who引导定语从句，在句中作主语，修饰a young man。 汉语翻译：这个年轻人从医学院肄业。 3．What’s more，he had recently received a letter from his father predicting that he would be “a disgrace to yourself and all your family”．(P66 Para.1) 结构分析：此句为主从复合句，predicting that...是现在分词短语作后置定语修饰a letter；that引导宾语从句。 汉语翻译：并且在他刚收到的家书中，父亲预言他将会成为“自己和全家人的耻辱”。 4．The young man in question，Charles Darwin，was a geologist and naturalist，fascinated by rocks，plants and animals.(P67 Para.2) 结构分析：此句为简单句；fascinated by rocks，plants and animals是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰a geologist and naturalist。 汉语翻译：我们提到的这个年轻人就是地质学家和博物学家查尔斯•达尔文，他对岩石和动植物有着浓厚的兴趣。 5．After Darwin had spent some time in South America，his room on the ship was crowded with samples of the plants and animals he had collected.(P67 Para.2) 结构分析：此句为主从复合句，After引导时间状语从句；主句中的he had collected是定语从句，省略了作宾语的引导词that/which，其先行词是samples of the plants and animals。 汉语翻译：在南美洲度过一段时间后，他的船舱里堆满了收集到的动植物样本。 6．At that time，people believed that all species had appeared on Earth at the same time，and had not changed since.(P67 Para.3) 结构分析：此句为主从复合句，that引导宾语从句；从句中含有两个并列的谓语动词，分别是had appeared和had not changed。 汉语翻译：当时，人们认为所有的物种都是同时出现在地球上的，并从此再无变化。 7．When the Beagle reached the Galápagos Islands in 1835，Darwin saw a variety of(各种各样的) new species，but it was the birds that interested him the most.(P67 Para.4) 结构分析：此句是but连接的并列复合句；but前的句中含有When引导的时间状语从句；but后的分句中含有强调句型，强调了主语the birds，其结构为it is/was...that...。 汉语翻译：1835年，当贝格尔号抵达加拉帕戈斯群岛的时候，达尔文发现了各种各样的新物种，但是其中最令他感兴趣的是鸟类。 8．It seemed their beaks had evolved according to what food was available on that particular island.(P67 Para.4) 结构分析：此句是主从复合句；seemed后是一个省略了that的主语从句；该从句中又包含了what引导的宾语从句，作according to的宾语。 汉语翻译：它们的喙似乎是根据所在岛屿上可觅得的食物进化而来的。 9．Darwin suspected that the finches had evolved(evolve) from a common ancestor，which had arrived on the islands a long time before.(P68 Para.5) 结构分析：此句是主从复合句；that引导宾语从句，作suspected的宾语；which引导非限制性定语从句，其先行词是a common ancestor。 汉语翻译：达尔文猜想，这里所有的雀鸟都由共同的祖先进化而来，它们的祖先很久以前就来到了这个群岛。 10．But Darwin’s scientific studies were so convincing(convince) that more and more people started to believe his theory.(P68 Para.6) 结构分析：此句是主从复合句；so...that...引导结果状语从句，意为“如此……以至于……”。 汉语翻译：然而，达尔文的科学研究很有说服力，以至于越来越多的人开始接受他的理论。 11．Today，On the Origin of Species is regarded as one of the most important works ever written.(P68 Para.7) 结构分析：此句是简单句；主语是On the Origin of Species；ever written是过去分词作后置定语修饰works。 汉语翻译：如今，《物种起源》被认为是迄今为止最重要的著作之一。 Ⅱ.研典句　学用法 not...until...直到……才…… It was not published until 1859 and immediately caused a storm.(P68 Para.6) 这本书直到1859年才出版，出版后立即引起轰动。 结构分析：句中的not...until...意为“直到……才……”，cause a storm意为“引起轰动”。 •如果until用在肯定句中，谓语动词通常是延续性动词，如stand，stay，talk，wait等，表示主句动作终止的时间。 •如果until用在否定句中，谓语动词既可以是瞬间性动词也可以是延续性动词，强调主句动作开始的时间。 •当not until 位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装，not until所在的从句不倒装。其结构为Not until＋从句/表时间的词＋助动词/情态动词/be动词＋(主句)主语＋谓语＋其他。 •not until的强调结构为It is/was not until＋从句/表时间的词＋that＋其他。 (1)飞机要等暴风雪停了才会起飞。 The plane won’t take off until the snowstorm stops. (2)他如此勤奋，一直在复习所学内容，直到半夜。 So hard­working was he that he kept revising what he had learned until/till midnight. (3)直到在比赛中被击败，他们才意识到团队合作的重要性。 They didn’t realize the importance of teamwork until they were defeated in the competition. ＝Not until they were defeated in the competition did they realize the importance of teamwork.(改成倒装句) ＝It was not until they were defeated in the competition that they realized the importance of teamwork.(改成强调句式) 课文重点词块默写 1．追溯到…… date back to 2．因……而受益/获利 profit by/from... 3．响应号召 answer the call 4．第一选择 first choice 5．此外，更重要的是 what’s more 6．医学院 medical school 7．是耻辱，是丢脸的事 be a disgrace 8．有史以来；一直 of all time 9．讨论中的；考虑中的 in question 10．塞满；挤满；充满 be crowded with 11．出现；产生 come to exist 12．引起轰动 cause a storm 13．同时 at the same time 14．与……相似 be similar to 15．适应/适合…… adapt to 16．种种；各种各样的 a variety of 17．随着时间的推移 over time 18．被认为是 be regarded as 19．开始于…… begin with 训练3　Understanding ideas(A) 分值：40分 Ⅰ.单句写作(2023·浙江1月，应用文写作——“认识我们身边的植物”)(共15分) 1．上周末，我参加了学生会组织的“认识我们身边的植物”活动。(过去分词短语作后置定语) Last weekend，I participated in a “Getting to Know the Plants Around Us” activity organized by our Students’ Council. 2．在我们前进的过程中，一位当地植物学家告诉我们关于各种植物的不同特征。(as引导时间状语从句) A local botanist told us about the different characteristics of various plant species as we went along. 3．这项活动太吸引人了，直到天黑我们才回来。(so...that...引导倒装句；not...until...) So appealing was the activity that we didn’t come back until it got dark. 4．这次活动令人印象深刻，激发了我们学生了解各种植物的热情。(so...that...) The activity was so impressive that it aroused the enthusiasm of us students to get to know various plants. 5．正是通过这次活动，我们意识到大自然是多么神奇，我们应该竭尽全力保护自然。(强调句式) It is through this activity that we realize how amazing nature is and that we should spare no effort to protect nature. 组句成篇　以上句子可以加上过渡词语和其他联想内容组成一篇小短文。 Last weekend，I participated in a “Getting to Know the Plants Around Us” activity organized by our Students’ Council. We gathered on the playground at 8：00 am and then set off along the foot of mountain behind our school.A local botanist told us about the different characteristics of various plant species as we went along.So appealing was the activity that we didn’t come back until it got dark. The activity was so impressive that it aroused the enthusiasm of us students to get to know various plants.Moreover，it is through this activity that we realize how amazing nature is and that we should spare no effort to protect nature. Ⅱ.阅读理解(共4题；每小题2.5分，共10分) The clumsy yet graceful wood stork，which was on the brink of extinction in 1984，has recovered enough in Florida and other Southern states.The American wildlife officials proposed removing the waterfowl(水禽) from the endangered species list. This symbolic species，which is the only stork native to North America，has rebounded because dedicated partners in the southeast have worked tirelessly to restore ecosystems that support it.In addition，the wood stork has increased its range in coastal areas.The birds have adapted to new nesting areas，tripling the number of colonies across their range from 29 to 99 in recent years. Credit goes mainly to the wildlife protections provided by the Endangered Species Act(ESA)，which can impose restrictions on a variety of activities in areas where such species are located，such as development，mining and oil drilling.The act saved the wood stork and it helped preserve and rebuild vital habitats throughout the southeast，which has improved water quality and benefited countless other species who call the area home.The Endangered Species Act has saved 99% of the species that have been on the list since 1973，with 100 types of plants and animals delisted because they have recovered or are at least stable. The U．S.Fish and Wildlife Service said that restoration of the wood stork’s habitat，especially in the Florida Everglades and adjacent Big Cypress National Preserve，led to a sharp increase in breeding pairs.Those numbers had shrunk to just 5,000 pairs in 1984，whereas there are more than 10,000 pairs today. “The proposed delisting of the wood stork is a significant milestone and a remarkable achievement of the hard work by federal agencies，state and local governments，tribes，conservation organizations，and private citizens in protecting and restoring our most at-risk species，” Interior Secretary Deb Haaland said. If the wood stork is delisted，officials said it would remain protected by other laws including the Migratory Bird Treaty Act and the Clean Water Act.A monitoring plan would be put in place for at least five years to ensure the stork population remains stable. 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述在各方的努力以及《濒危物种法》的保护下，濒危物种林鹳恢复得很好，所以官员们建议将林鹳从濒危物种的名单中移除。 1．What can be inferred about the wood stork from the text? A．It is widely distributed worldwide. B．It is the most endangered species. C．Its population shows a rising trend. D．It is becoming completely extinct. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“The birds have adapted to new nesting areas，tripling the number of colonies across their range from 29 to 99 in recent years.”以及倒数第三段中“Those numbers had shrunk to just 5,000 pairs in 1984，whereas there are more than 10,000 pairs today.”可推知，由于保护得当，林鹳的数量呈上升的趋势。故选C。 2．What contribute mostly to recovering the population of the wood stork? A．Safeguards of the ESA. B．Federal agencies. C．Conservation organizations. D．Local tribes. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中“Credit goes mainly to the wildlife protections provided by the Endangered Species Act(ESA)”可知，ESA的保护措施对恢复林鹳的数量起到了主要作用。故选A。 3．What is Deb Haaland’s attitude to the delisting of the wood stork? A．Unclear. B．Positive. C．Indifferent. D．Concerned. 答案　B 解析　观点态度题。根据倒数第二段Deb Haaland所说的“The proposed delisting of the wood stork is a significant milestone and a remarkable achievement...protecting and restoring our most at-risk species”可推知，Deb Haaland对林鹳被从濒危物种的名单中移除持积极态度。故选B。 4．What is the best title of the text? A．Effect of the Endangered Species Act Counts B．Protection of American Native Species Works C．Efforts to Restore the Wildlife Habitat Pays off D．Saving of the Endangered Wood Stork Progresses 答案　D 解析　标题归纳题。通读全文尤其是第一段可知，本文主要讲述在各方的努力以及《濒危物种法》的保护下，濒危物种林鹳恢复得很好，所以官员们建议将林鹳从濒危物种的名单中移除，所以D项“拯救濒危林鹳取得进展”适合作标题。故选D。 Ⅲ.完形填空(共15题；每小题1分，共15分) This morning after an evening fight with my three-year-old daughter，I couldn’t wait to get her to school.I was tired from the anger and her 1 to communicate because of her slow language development. As I led her into the car，I felt 2 .Nothing was right with our world.She was born when my family had been going through a lot of 3 .Then my child’s language problem was 4 ，but doctors struggled to help her.I felt like we both needed to be 5 . I returned that afternoon as 6 with the little girl I loved as when I left.Walking toward the school’s playground gate，I spotted her preschool teacher racing to 7 me. “You should have seen her today！” 8 ，his breathy words were supported by 9 .“See that climber.” He 10 a wooden piece of playground equipment that looked like a rock wall.I nodded.“Well，every day since she started school，she’s tried but 11 to reach the top.” He took a breath.“But today she 12 it！” He expressed his joy like he’d seen her conquering(征服) Mount Qomolangma! “She cheered and celebrated! I wish I’d recorded it！” His words gave me some 13 .My daughter had conquered her mountain.As she ran toward me，I 14 something I hadn’t before.I saw her determination.I saw her strength.I saw a 15 . 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述作者因孩子语言发展缓慢而失望，但是孩子在学校坚持不懈完成自己的目标，作者在孩子身上看到了不一样的品质。 1．A.attempt B．need C．inability D．desire 答案　C 解析　根据下文“because of her slow language development”可知，作者的女儿语言发展缓慢，因此作者对于她交流上的无能感到厌倦。故选C。 2．A.nervous B．peaceful C．hopeless D．curious 答案　C 解析　根据下文“Nothing was right with our world.”可知，作者对于自己的生活不满意，因此感到很绝望。故选C。 3．A.sufferings B．emotions C．efforts D．celebrations 答案　A 解析　根据上文“Nothing was right with our world.”可推断作者的女儿出生的时候，家里也在经历不好的事情。故选A。 4．A.prevented B．replaced C．solved D．identified 答案　D 解析　prevent阻止；replace替代；solve解决；identify鉴定。根据下文“doctors struggled to help her”可知，作者孩子的语言问题是被医生鉴定出来的。故选D。 5．A.protected B．rescued C．balanced D．respected 答案　B 解析　protect保护；rescue拯救；balance平衡；respect尊敬。根据上文“but doctors struggled to help her”以及“we both needed”可知，作者认为自己和孩子都需要被拯救。故选B。 6．A.disappointed B．honest C．strict D．pleased 答案　A 解析　根据前文“after an evening fight with my three-year-old daughter”以及“I was tired from the anger and her...language development”可知，此处指作者送女儿上学时感到疲倦、失望，去接孩子时心情也没有改变，和之前一样失望。故选A。 7．A.greet B．hear C．praise D．escape 答案　A 解析　根据上下文“Walking toward the school’s playground gate”以及“You should have seen her today！”可知，因为孩子在学校表现出色，老师看见作者时很兴奋，而且作者是走向操场门口，老师应该是出来迎接作者。故选A。 8．A.Originally B．Obviously C．Fortunately D．Eventually 答案　B 解析　originally起初；obviously显然；fortunately幸运地；eventually最终。根据上下文“racing to”以及“his breathy words”可知，老师的兴奋是显而易见的。故选B。 9．A.complaint B．confidence C．excitement D．bravery 答案　C 解析　根据下文“He expressed his joy”可知，老师很开心很兴奋。故选C。 10．A.took up B．pointed to C．cut down D．worked out 答案　B 解析　take up拿起，接受；point to指向；cut down砍倒；work out解决。根据上下文“See that climber.”以及“a wooden piece of playground equipment”可知，老师是指着一个操场上的设施让作者看。故选B。 11．A.determined B．rejected C．intended D．failed 答案　D 解析　根据下文“She cheered and celebrated！”可知，今天她做到了，说明之前都没有成功。故选D。 12．A.missed B．ignored C．tried D．made 答案　D 解析　根据下文“She cheered and celebrated！”可知，她今天做到了，所以在欢呼庆祝。make it表示“成功了，做到了”。故选D。 13．A.comfort B．luck C．imagination D．description 答案　A 解析　根据上下文“I was tired from the anger and her to communicate because of her slow language development.”以及“She cheered and celebrated! I wish I’d recorded it！”可知，作者送女儿上学时对她是很失望的，但是老师对于孩子的成功称赞不已，这对于家长来说是一种安慰。故选A。 14．A.displayed B．recognized C．taught D．provided 答案　B 解析　根据下文的三个“I saw”可知，作者发现了孩子身上的决心和毅力，这是作者以前没有能意识到的。故选B。 15．A.player B．mother C．hero D．teacher 答案　C 解析　根据上文“My daughter had conquered her mountain.”以及“I saw her determination.I saw her strength.”可知，作者的女儿克服了自己的困难，完成自己的目标，表现出了决心和力量，此时她在作者眼中就是一个英雄。故选C。 训练４　Understanding ideas(B) 分值：32.5分 Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8题；每小题2.5分，共20分) A Taking an “eco-break” was once almost the same as a weekend’s hedge-laying or a summer spent conserving wildlife.Here is how things have changed: being a green traveler today is no longer restricted to one-off gestures but，rather，it’s a state of mind.Influences include，but are not limited to what we pack，how we reach our destination，where we stay and what activities we take part in. Such change has come about thanks to both a growing understanding of climate change and the pioneering efforts of some travel operators to show the joy of going green.Luxury camping specialists Feather Down Farms and Forest，for example，led the glamping(豪华野营) revolution.Digital platforms such as Under the Thatch and Canopy & Stars have made booking low-impact rural accommodations easier.Adventure operators such as TYF，Intrepid and Much Better Adventures set the agenda for sustainable outdoor relaxation. But the increased appetite for travel and the trend for replacing annual trips with multiple shorter breaks has seen a rise in carbon-intensive air travel.Meanwhile，key overland routes have been discontinued(such as ferry services to Scandinavia and overnight “train hotels” through France and Spain)，and cuts in local transport services have severely impacted car-free access to rural areas.Dishonest and immoral businesses have also jumped on the “eco” travel wave，muddying the waters. There are，however，signs we’re entering a golden age of green travel.Richard Hammond，founder of the Green Traveler website，shares over 20 years’ worth of expertise in his new guidebook outlying methods to explore the world sustainably.Many travel companies are also starting to provide tools to help travelers tell the genuinely green from greenwashing operations(Booking.com and Google，for instance，are working with not-for-profit Travalyst to flag up officially-approved and eco-certified hotels in their search results) while the upcoming national rollout(推广) of electric car charging，the modernization of cross-channel ferry services and the return of rail means choosing lower-carbon overland travel is becoming practical and more appealing. 1．How have things changed for being green now? A．Each stop on a route is planned with care. B．Many aspects of our travels are influenced. C．Wildlife preservation is not as essential as before. D．The health conditions of tourists are considered. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段的“Here is how things have changed...Influences include，but are not limited to what we pack，how we reach our destination，where we stay and what activities we take part in.”可知，现在环保的变化在于我们旅行的许多方面都受到了影响。故选B。 2．What is the author’s purpose in mentioning some travel operators? A．To compare their jobs in different fields. B．To offer the readers select recommendations. C．To impress the readers with outdoor activities. D．To show their joint contributions to green travel. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段的“the pioneering efforts of some travel operators to show the joy of going green”和“for example”可推知，作者提到一些旅游公司的目的是展示他们对绿色旅行的共同贡献。故选D。 3．What does the underlined word “greenwashing” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Eco-unfriendly. B．Illegal. C．Disorderly. D．Evergreen. 答案　A 解析　词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“to help travelers tell the genuinely green from”和后文的例子“Booking.com and Google，for instance，are working with not-for-profit Travalyst to...”可知，这些工具是为了帮助旅行者区分真正的环保和不环保，因此推知画线词与“genuinely green”意义相反，表示“对生态不友好”。故选A。 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Going Green B．Costing the Earth Less C．Experiencing Rural Lifestyles D．Adventuring into the Golden Age 答案　A 解析　标题归纳题。结合全文内容可知，本文主要讲的是绿色旅行，因此A选项“Going Green”适合作本文标题。故选A。 B There’s a researcher in Denmark who has spent 25 years surveying insect populations by driving his old Ford Anglia down the same country roads and counting the number of small insects squashed(挤压) up against the glass window of his car.Back when he started，he’d regularly have to clean dead insects off his car.But in recent years，he has experienced a lot of “zero-insect days”．He recalls the joy of catching fireflies on his family farm in Texas as a child.With more streetlights and the switch to LED lights，it’s becoming harder for fireflies to spot potential mates. Imagine a world without insects! We might breathe a sigh of relief at the thought of mosquito-free summers.However，a world with no insects is unlikely.Insects are being shifted to an unhappy state where there will be far more bedbugs(床虱) and mosquitoes and far fewer bees and monarch butterflies. Those changes in biodiversity come with some results.Farmers may have to fight off more of the harmful insects that attack crops，for instance，and insect-pollinated fruits and vegetables will become hard to grow on a large scale.Some insect-eating animals will decline with a lack of food，which has already happened to some birds.Water and soil quality could also be in danger. After knowing some facts，we may find that our attitude towards some insects has shifted from loathing(憎恶) to love，or at the very least，appreciation.We can know how much we benefit from insects，and what we stand to lose without them. As researcher Martin puts it，“Our reliance on insects is like the Internet: When parts of the network are removed，the less Internet there is，until eventually it doesn’t work anymore.” A world without the Internet would be difficult but livable.The same can’t be said for a world without insects. 5．What has the Danish researcher found in recent years? A．Few people pay special attention to fireflies. B．Insects are having a survival crisis. C．Country roads are perfect for firefly catching. D．Many insects can avoid moving cars. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据文章第一段中“But in recent years，he has experienced a lot of ‘zero-insect days’．..it’s becoming harder for fireflies to spot potential mates.”可推知，丹麦研究者近年来发现昆虫正面临生存危机。故选B。 6．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The damage insects do to crops. B．The reduction of insect-eating animals. C．Ways to deal with biodiversity. D．Consequences of changes in insect varieties. 答案　D 解析　段落大意题。根据文章第三段第一句“Those changes in biodiversity come with some results.”并结合第二段末句可知，第三段主要讲述了昆虫品种变化的后果。故选D。 7．What can be inferred from Martin’s comment? A．Insects are as important as the Internet. B．Insects are appreciated by human beings. C．Humans can’t help but live with the Internet. D．Humans are heavily dependent on insects. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“As researcher Martin puts it，‘Our reliance on insects is like the Internet: When parts of the network are removed，the less Internet there is，until eventually it doesn’t work anymore.’”可推知，从Martin的话中我们可以推理出人类严重依赖昆虫。故选D。 8．What is the purpose of this text? A．To explain the importance of insects. B．To recall a childhood experience. C．To present people’s attitude to insects. D．To express appreciation to insects. 答案　A 解析　写作意图题。通读全文，尤其根据文章最后一段内容可知，文章的主要目的是解释昆虫对于人类的重要性。故选A。 Ⅱ.七选五(共5题；每小题2.5分，共12.5分) We all want to be successful. 1 We tend to focus directly on the end goals，failing to realize our big goals are not going to happen overnight.This is why celebrating small wins is so important in giving us motivation(动力) to push through difficulties and move forward.Then how to celebrate small wins? Break large goals down into small goals.When we are faced with a large goal，our minds can slip into the habit of delay.Small goals can help avoid this. 2 Instead，make sure you create small，achievable goals that will allow you to see your progress more clearly.These small successes will help you feel good with each little step. Reward(犒劳) yourself. 3 It could be anything from treating yourself to your favorite coffee or even taking a trip somewhere.Having something to look forward to trains the brain into creating motivation，which can speed up your pace of success. Don’t pressure yourself.Putting strict deadlines(截止日期) on your goals can lead to possible feelings of failure，even when there are small victories along the way. 4 This will increase your happiness and motivation as you celebrate small wins. Track your progress.Sometimes，we can give up because we are unaware of how close we are to success and forget how much we’ve done.Then why not keep a record? It will remind you how far you’ve come in achieving your goal. 5 In short，small wins make huge successes.Celebrating small wins will make long-term goals easier to achieve in the long run. A．Be flexible with your time limits. B．Small wins can actually be easy to ignore. C．So don’t expect to realize your big dream instantly. D．The negative feelings may slow down your success. E．Do what you enjoy the most each time you complete a step. F．But along the journey to success，we can feel discouraged sometimes. G．Besides，seeing all the small wins written down can be a reward in itself. 1．答案　F 解析　根据上文“We all want to be successful.”和下文“We tend to focus directly on the end goals，failing to realize our big goals are not going to happen overnight.”可知，上文提到我们都想要成功，下文提到我们没有意识到远大的目标不是在一夜之间就能实现的，所以空处与上文是转折关系，是说明在通往成功的漫长道路上可能会出现的问题，F项“但在通往成功的道路上，我们有时也会感到气馁”符合语境，故选F。 2．答案　C 解析　根据上文“When we are faced with a large goal，our minds can slip into the habit of delay.”可知，当面对一个大的目标时，我们的大脑会养成拖延的习惯，且空处与下文“Instead，make sure you create small，achievable goals that...”是相反的情况，所以空处是说不要想着大目标能立刻实现，故选C。 3．答案　E 解析　根据本段主题句“Reward(犒劳) yourself.”和空后一句“It could be anything from treating yourself to your favorite coffee or...”可知，本段是说要犒劳自己，做自己最喜欢的事情，E项“每完成一个步骤，就去做你最喜欢的事情”符合语境，下文是对E项中“what you enjoy the most”的具体列举。故选E。 4．答案　A 解析　上文“Putting strict deadlines(截止日期) on your goals can lead to possible feelings of failure，even when there are small victories along the way.”提到，给目标设定严格的截止日期可能会给人带来负面情绪，所以空处应是说要灵活安排时间，空后的This指的就是A项的内容。故选A。 5．答案　G 解析　上文“It will remind you how far you’ve come in achieving your goal.”是描述记录下点滴进步的意义，G项“此外，看到所有的小胜利都被记录下来本身就是一种奖励”进一步说明记录进步的意义，故选G。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $