Unit 3 The art of painting 同题异文 群文阅读（Word教参）-【步步高】2024-2025学年高二英语选择性必修第一册学习笔记（译林版）

同题异文　群文阅读 A (选自人教版选择性必修第三册 Unit 1) A SHORT HISTORY OF WESTERN PAINTING What is Western art? It is hard to give a precise definition.As there have been so many different styles of Western art，it is impossible to describe them all in a short text.Perhaps the best way to understand Western art is to look at the development of Western painting over the centuries. The Middle Ages (from the 5th to the 15th century) During the Middle Ages，the purpose of Western art was to teach people about Christianity.Thus，artists were not interested in painting realistic scenes.Their works were often primitive and two-dimensional，and the main characters were often made much larger than everyone else to show their importance.This began to change in the 13th century with Giotto di Bondone (1267－1337)．While his paintings still had religious themes，they showed real people in a real environment.In particular，his paintings are set apart from other paintings by their realistic human faces and deep emotional impact. The Renaissance (from the 14th to the 17th century) New ideas and values gradually replaced old ones from the Middle Ages.As a result，painters concentrated less on religious themes.They began to adopt a more humanistic attitude to life.An important breakthrough during this period was the use of perspective by Masaccio (1401－1428)．Influential painters such as Leonardo da Vinci (1452－1519)，Michelangelo (1475－1564)，and Raphael (1483－1520) built upon Giotto and Masaccio’s innovations to produce some of the greatest art that Europe had ever seen. Another innovation was the use of oil paints.With their deep colours and realism，some of the best oil paintings look like photographs.While painters as early as Da Vinci had used oil，this technique reached its height with Rembrandt (1606－1669)，who gained a reputation as a master of shadow and light. In subject matter，the emphasis increasingly shifted from religious themes to people and the world around us.Kings，nobles，and people of high rank wanted to purchase accurate pictures of themselves and the people they loved.Others wanted paintings showing important historical events or stories from mythology.Finally，most clients wanted paintings that were beautiful and interesting to look at. Impressionism (late 19th to early 20th century) The development of Western art slowed until the invention of photography in the mid-19th century.After that，paintings were no longer needed to preserve what people and the world looked like.Hence，painters had to find a new way of looking at their art.From this，Impressionism emerged in France.The name of this new movement came from the painting by Claude Monet (1840－1926) called Impression，Sunrise.In this work，Monet’s aim was to convey the light and movement in the scene—the subjective impression the scene gave him—but not a detailed record of the scene itself. While many Impressionists painted scenes of nature or daily life，others，such as Renoir (1841－1919)，focused on people.Unlike the cold，black-and-white photographs of that time period，Renoir’s paintings are full of light，shadow，colour，and life.He sought to show not just the outer image of his subjects，but their inner warmth and humanity as well. Modern Art (from the 20th century to today) After Impressionism，subsequent artists began to ask，“What do we do next？” Painters such as Picasso (1881－1973) tried to analyse the shapes which existed in the natural world but in a new way，with Cubism.Others gave their paintings a realistic but dream-like quality.Still others turned to abstract art.What they attempted to do was no longer show reality，but instead to ask the question，“What is art？” 词汇积累 1．two-dimensional adj.二维的 2．set apart from使与众不同；使突出；使优于…… 3．the Renaissance 文艺复兴(时期) 4．humanistic adj.人文主义的 5．shift from...to...从……转移到…… 6．mythology n．神话；虚幻的想法 1．What did painters do in the Renaissance? A．They painted religious scenes in a more realistic style. B．They focused more on religion than on humans. C．They began to paint outdoors. D．They began to adopt perspective and oil paints. 答案　D 2．What led to the emergence of Impressionism? A．Scenes of nature. B．The light and movement in the scene. C．The invention of photography. D．A detailed record of the scene. 答案　C 3．What is Picasso’s new way of painting? A．Cubism. B．Abstractionism. C．Realism. D．Impressionism. 答案　A 4．What’s the main idea of the text? A．What is Western art? B．The different styles of Western art. C．The development of Western painting. D．The precise definition of Western art. 答案　C B (选自北师大版必修第三册 Unit 7) MASTERPIECES The Starry Night was painted in June 1889 when Vincent van Gogh was staying at a home for the mentally ill.Van Gogh painted what he saw from his window—the night sky with clouds，stars and a moon.However，he didn’t just paint the clouds.He also painted the massive circles of white and yellow racing across the sky.The stars and the moon hang bright in the night sky.Beneath this amazing sky，we see a sleeping village and a dark，lonely tree. His unusual use of colour has led experts to think that Van Gogh’s mental illness may have affected his sense of sight.He also took a drug that can make people see yellow spots，just like the stars in The Starry Night. Unfortunately，Van Gogh’s unique paintings weren’t very popular and he only sold one painting in his lifetime.He also thought The Starry Night was a failure.However，the fact remains that The Starry Night is now one of the world’s most famous paintings. The Scream was painted by Edvard Munch in 1893.What makes it striking is that it shows a thin figure with an expression of fear—the figure’s mouth is wide open and letting out a powerful scream.The figure covers his or her ears and looks directly at the viewer.This figure is set on a bridge above a dark，stormy sea，and against a burning orange-red sky. In his diary，Munch talked about what inspired him.“I was walking down the road with two friends when the sun set; suddenly the sky turned as red as blood...I stood there shaking.Then I heard the scream of nature.” Many experts say that The Scream is connected to Munch’s mental health problems，which caused him a lot of pain. The Empire of Light is among a series of paintings by Belgian artist René Magritte between 1953 and 1954.He painted the same scene 27 times.It shows a beautiful house lit by lights from inside，surrounded by the darkness of night.What is strange is that above the house and the tree，we see a daytime sky full of brightness and soft white clouds.It seems like quite a mysterious scene. Magritte was a painter inspired by his thoughts and ideas.His paintings were visual experiments as he tried to play with reality.His view was that art should shock the viewers and challenge their sense of reality. The Empire of Light has produced different reactions in viewers.Some feel that the paintings look dark and troubling.Others，however，find them calming.As for Magritte himself，he thought that the change between day and night in the paintings was surprising.“I call this power：poetry，” he said. 词汇积累 1．masterpiece n．杰作；代表作 2．starry adj.布满星星的 3．let out a scream发出尖叫声 4．burning adj.燃烧着的 5．a series of 一系列的；一连串的 5．Who is the painter of The Empire of Light? A．Edvard Munch. B．Vincent van Gogh. C．Pablo Picasso. D．René Magritte. 答案　D 6．What can we learn from the text? A．Van Gogh was a famous artist when he was alive. B．The Starry Night is a successful work of Van Gogh. C．Van Gogh painted The Starry Night using a common method. D．The Starry Night sold well before Van Gogh died. 答案　B 7.When did Munch paint The Scream? A．In 1893. B．In 1889. C．In 1953. D．In 1954. 答案　A 8．Why did Magritte paint his works? A．He was encouraged by Van Gogh. B．He loved Edvard Munch’s works. C．He was influenced by his own thoughts and ideas. D．He loved nature and got inspiration from it. 答案　C 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $