Unit 3 The art of painting 培优提能练(三)（Word教参）-【步步高】2024-2025学年高二英语选择性必修第一册学习笔记（译林版）

训练12　培优提能练(三)　[分值：83.5分] Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，共20分) A A new study suggests classic paintings by well-known Impressionists Joseph Turner and Claude Monet may have been influenced by air pollution during the Industrial Revolution. The study，published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences by authors from Harvard and Sorbonne universities，analyzed 60 oil paintings by Turner from 1796 to 1850 and 38 paintings by Monet from 1864 to 1901. Scientists don’t know exactly how polluted the cities were during that time for lack of data.However，researchers say examining the works of Turner and Monet can give a picture of long-term environmental change with the air pollution. In particular，researchers said changes in local sulfur dioxide emissions from burning coal may explain changes in the colour contrast and intensity(强度) of Turner，Monet，and others’ works，even after taking into account the artistic trends and subject matter of the time. Scientists successfully measured painters’ representation of nature，focusing on differences in local weather patterns which influenced colour in works painted in different parts of Europe.Paintings done in Britain generally feature a paler blue sky than other works in other parts of the continent.Generally，artists can historically accurately represent their environment，so Turner and Monet were chosen because they are famous for their landscape and cityscape paintings and also because they were active during the Industrial Revolution，when air pollution grew at a rate never seen before. Additionally，researchers say that as the air in London and Paris became more polluted，the cities would appear hazier (模糊) to the eyes as well as in photographs.By comparing the paintings of Turner and Monet to pictures from the era，they were able to determine the artists were at least partly influenced by the change in emissions. 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。一项新的研究表明，著名印象派画家约瑟夫·特纳和克劳德·莫奈的经典画作可能受到了工业革命期间空气污染的影响。 1．What did the researchers find in the works of Turner and Monet? A．Air pollution at that time. B．Change in subject matter. C．Social trends of the period. D．Development of photography. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段“A new study suggests classic paintings...may have been influenced by air pollution during the Industrial Revolution.”可知，研究人员在特纳和莫奈的画作里发现了当时的空气污染问题。故选A。 2．What can we learn from paragraph 5? A．European artists preferred landscape paintings. B．Scientists focused on studying weather patterns. C．Turner and Monet intended to present pollution. D．Britain suffered from air pollution most in Europe. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。第四段提到画作中色彩对比和强度的变化可能与当地二氧化硫的排放有关，结合第五段中“Paintings done in Britain generally feature a paler blue sky than other works in other parts of the continent.”可推知，英国是欧洲空气污染最严重的地区。故选D。 3．How did the researchers conduct the study? A．By referring to relevant historical records. B．By comparing the paintings of Turner and Monet. C．By relating the paintings to the air conditions then. D．By analyzing the data during the Industrial Revolution. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段第二句、第四段以及第五段可推知，研究人员通过将画作与当时的空气状况联系起来进行这项研究。故选C。 4．What is the purpose of the text? A．To inform people of a new discovery. B．To instruct people to appreciate paintings. C．To introduce the Industrial Revolution. D．To call on people to protect the environment. 答案　A 解析　写作意图题。通读全文尤其是第一段内容可知，文章主要介绍了一项新的研究结果以及该研究开展的过程。故这篇文章的目的是告知人们一项新发现。故选A。 B Imagine taking a flying taxi to the airport，or crossing crowded city streets at rush hour，getting where you want to go far faster than you could in a car.Believe it or not，you might be able to do these things in an electric air taxi sooner than you think. An air taxi is a small aircraft—something like a mix between a helicopter(直升机) and a drone(无人机)—that can carry people from place to place.Air taxis don’t need a long runway like planes do.They can go straight up and down，like a helicopter. A company called Joby has been making and testing flying taxis since 2017.By 2025，Joby hopes to start carrying passengers for money.They’ve teamed up with Delta Air Lines to create a program to fly people from their homes to the airport.Joby also expects their air taxis to provide a ride-sharing service.Just like you might order a car to pick you up，you could use an app to order an air taxi.Joby’s air taxis will be flown by a pilot，and can carry four other passengers.They can fly as fast as 200 KPH and go around 100 miles before the electric batteries need to be recharged. Joby claims their taxis are both quieter and cheaper than helicopters.The company expects to charge about $3 a mile at first.But over time，they hope to bring the price down to less than $1 per mile. Exciting as the idea of flying taxis is，some people have concerns about them.The taxis may be quieter than helicopters，but they’ll still add noise and traffic to our skies and endanger public safety when passengers are flying through the air. Still，it seems likely that air taxis will be part of the future of travel.The U．S.government says，“We could see air taxis in the skies by 2024 or 2025.” 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了空中出租车的相关信息。 5．What are the main features of the air taxi? A．Traditional and expensive. B．Convenient and economical. C．Advanced but space-taking. D．Safe but energy-consuming. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段中“An air taxi is a small aircraft...that can carry people from place to place.Air taxis don’t need a long runway like planes do.”可推知，空中出租车很方便；根据第四段中的“Joby claims their taxis are both quieter and cheaper than helicopters.”可知，空中出租车价格便宜。故选B。 6．Why are helicopters mentioned in the text? A．To give a guess. B．To present an argument. C．To make a comparison. D．To introduce a phenomenon. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“They can go straight up and down，like a helicopter.”和第四段中的“Joby claims their taxis are both quieter and cheaper than helicopters.”可知，空中出租车像直升机一样可以直上直下，而且它比直升机更加安静便宜，由此可推测出，提到直升机是为了将它与空中出租车作比较，突出空中出租车的优点。故选C。 7．What does paragraph 5 mainly tell us concerning the flying taxi? A．Its market risks. B．Its promising future. C．Its wide recognition. D．Its possible weaknesses. 答案　D 解析　段落大意题。根据第五段内容尤其是“...they’ll still add noise and traffic to...endanger public safety...”可知，本段讲述了一些人担心空中出租车会产生噪声、增加交通负担、危及公共安全，这些都是空中出租车的潜在缺点。故选D。 8．What can be the best title for the text? A．Flying Taxis Are Starting to Take Off B．Joby Has Already Mass-produced Air Taxis C．A Solution Is Used to Solve Traffic Problems D．America Has Improved Ride-sharing Services 答案　A 解析　标题归纳题。通读全文可知，第一段提到空中出租车即将成为现实，第二至四段介绍了关于空中出租车的研究和设想，第五段提到了人们对这种出租车的担忧，最后一段则进行总结：未来空中出租车有很大的前景。由此可推测出，本文主要讲述了空中出租车即将成为现实，A项中的“Take Off”一语双关，既指空中出租车起飞，又喻指这一产业即将兴起。故选A。 Ⅱ.七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，共12.5分) Hurricane season can be wild and unpredictable. 1 Here are some ways you can beef up(增加) your home security in hurricane weather，even if you need to move out. 2 That actually does nothing to ensure your safety in the powerful winds.Sticking to hurricane shelters or plywood(胶合板) is the only way to go when it comes to protecting those points of entry in hurricane conditions.Buy sheets of plywood，measure your windows and use brackets(支架) to hold the plywood in place. Sandbags are very useful.While sandbags won’t be able to help in the extreme storm，many people will be able to prevent flooding and extensive damage to their belongings by placing sandbags. 3 Any storm water that is kept out of your home is storm water that won’t be able to damage the belongings inside your home，so sandbags are well worth having at your doorways during a hurricane. It’s important to prepare the inside of your home for strong winds and rain.But you should also keep an eye on the outside of your house，too.Trim(修剪) trees，especially dead branches，to prevent anything else that could fly through a window and cause damage during a hurricane. 4 You should also take pictures of expensive items like electronics and keep notes of their serial numbers. 5 Also，there are always bad people outright after a storm.If the worst happens and your home is broken into right after a bad storm，having pictures and detailed notes about what was in your home prior to the hurricane will make it easier for police to track down stolen items. A．You should have a camera at home. B．It can be strong enough to resist the forceful winds. C．Making sure nothing is loose in your yard is important. D．They will be able to effectively keep storm water out in many cases. E．These dangerous storms can bring damage to your home and belongings. F．It will aid with your insurance company if anything needs to be replaced. G．You may see people attaching windows with sticky tape before a hurricane comes. 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章提供了一些在飓风天气下加强家庭安全的方法。 1．答案　E 解析　根据前文“Hurricane season can be wild and unpredictable.”和后文“Here are some ways you can beef up (增加) your home security in hurricane weather...”可知，空处应涉及飓风会造成破坏，选项E“这些危险的风暴会给你的房屋和财物带来破坏”能承上启下。故选E。 2．答案　G 解析　根据后文“That actually does nothing to ensure your safety in the powerful winds.”可知，空处涉及一种人们面对飓风的保护措施，所以选项G“你可能会看到人们在飓风来之前用胶带贴窗户”能引起下文，下文中的That指代的是贴窗户的做法。故选G。 3．答案　D 解析　根据后文“Any storm water that is kept out of your home is storm water that...”可知，空处涉及沙袋在阻挡雨水方面的作用，所以选项D“在许多情况下，它们将能够有效地阻挡雨水”符合语境。D项中的“They”指的是空前的“sandbags”。故选D。 4．答案　C 解析　根据前文“Trim(修剪) trees，especially dead branches，to prevent anything else that could fly through a window and cause damage during a hurricane.”可知，要防止庭院里的东西被吹到屋子里造成破坏，所以选项C“确保你的院子里没有任何东西松动是很重要的”切合文意。故选C。 5．答案　F 解析　根据前文“You should also take pictures of expensive items like electronics and keep notes of their serial numbers.”可知，给昂贵的物品拍照并记下它们的序列号有助于向保险公司申请赔偿，所以选项F“如果有什么东西需要更换，你拍的照片会对保险公司的工作有帮助”能承接上文。故选F。 Ⅲ.完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，共15分) As a child，I would sit through movies I loved over and over.I dreamed of someday having the ability to create 1 . But school was difficult for me for many reasons，so becoming a screenwriter seemed 2 .When I was fourteen，I was shocked when my 3 were made into a brochure that was 4 to every student.For a week or so，I was treated very 5 .Previously invisible，I was now “a published poet” receiving praise and slaps(拍打) on the back.But an already deep-seated lack of 6 prevented me from having any serious hopes for a career in literature.I felt like those things only happened to other people. 7 ，I would look at thousands of books and ask myself，“Are all these people 8 than me，or did they just 9 harder？” So，I kept reading，writing and watching movies not only for 10 but to analyse how great stories are told. The lack of confidence that annoyed me early in life took decades to 11 . I had a job that paid well，but I 12 it.Suddenly，the company went out of business， 13 me to choose between getting yet another job I didn’t like and finally being committed to a career as a writer.My 14 was copy-editing，which wasn’t writing exactly but almost. I spent more years swimming in a sea of words，loved it and finally became a(n) 15 as I had wished. 语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者从小想成为一名编剧，他虽然缺乏自信心，却并没有放弃，一直在读书、写作，最后终于梦想成真。 1．A.conditions B．films C．memories D．businesses 答案　B 解析　根据上文“I would sit through movies I loved over and over”以及下一段的“so becoming a screenwriter seemed”可知，作者小时候喜欢看电影，梦想有一天能够自己创作电影。故选B。 2．A.unnecessary B．impossible C．appropriate D．worthwhile 答案　B 解析　根据上文“But school was difficult for me for many reasons”可知，作者觉得上学对他来说就很困难了，所以成为一名编剧更是不可能的。故选B。 3．A.photos B．paintings C．poems D．reports 答案　C 解析　根据下文“Previously invisible，I was now ‘a published poet’”可知，此处是说作者的诗歌被做成了一个小册子。故选C。 4．A.given away B．checked through C．finished off D．made up 答案　A 解析　根据下文“Previously invisible，I was now ‘a published poet’ receiving praise and slaps(拍打) on the back.”可知，作者受到同学们的称赞和鼓励，可推知作者的诗歌被做成小册子分发给他的同学们。故选A。 5．A.rudely B．strictly C．fairly D．differently 答案　D 解析　根据下文“Previously invisible，I was now ‘a published poet’ receiving praise and slaps(拍打) on the back.”可知，作者以前被同学们忽视，现在却受到了同学们的称赞，所以作者受到了和以前不同的对待。故选D。 6．A.confidence B．ability C．curiosity D．support 答案　A 解析　根据下文“The lack of confidence that annoyed me early in life took decades to .”可知，作者自信心不足是根深蒂固的。故选A。 7．A.However B．Thus C．Otherwise D．Moreover 答案　A 解析　根据上文“I felt like those things only happened to other people.”可知，作者缺乏自信心，结合空后面“I would...and ask myself，‘Are all these people...did they just harder？’”可知，他却没有因此消沉。所以前后两句话为转折关系。故选A。 8．A.wealthier B．stronger C．smarter D．braver 答案　C 解析　根据下文“So，I kept reading，writing and watching movies not only for but to analyse how great stories are told.”并结合上文所说作者在学业上有困难可知，作者会问自己那些成功者是全都比他更聪明还是单纯比他更努力。故选C。 9．A.live B．wait C．try D．rush 答案　C 解析　参见上题解析。try harder更努力地尝试。故选C。 10．A.assessment B．entertainment C．competition D．adjustment 答案　B 解析　根据空前watching movies以及空后“but to analyse how great stories are told”可知，作者一直看电影不仅仅是为了娱乐，也是去学习一些知识。故选B。 11．A.return B．grow C．arise D．shake 答案　D 解析　根据后文作者最终从事写作可知，早年的自信心不足花了作者几十年才摆脱。shake摆脱，动摇。故选D。 12．A.misunderstood B．ignored C．deserved D．disliked 答案　D 解析　根据but和下文“another job I didn’t like”可知，作者的工作虽然报酬很高，但是他不喜欢这份工作。故选D。 13．A.persuading B．forcing C．reminding D．advising 答案　B 解析　根据空前“Suddenly，the company went out of business”可知，作者的公司倒闭了，这件事迫使他去做出选择。故选B。 14．A.choice B．truth C．aim D．challenge 答案　A 解析　根据上文“...me to choose between...”可知，此处指作者的选择。故选A。 15．A.actor B．director C．screenwriter D．teacher 答案　C 解析　根据文章开头“I dreamed of someday...to create ”提到作者梦想成为编剧以及空后“as I had wished”可知，最后他终于得偿所愿，成了一名编剧。故选C。 Ⅳ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分) Shennongjia is said to be the place 1. Yan Di once lived.Some visitors hope that they may even encounter the legendary wild men in the remote mountains and virgin(原始状态的) forests.They do not 2. (actual) see any wild man，but they are attracted by Shennongjia’s vibrant (充满生机的) ecology，rich biodiversity and karst landforms. Shennongjia’s beauty 3. (vary) over the year as nature takes its course.4. (tourist) can enjoy flower blossoms in spring，be shaded from the summer heat，appreciate red leaves in autumn 5. go skiing in winter.In 2010s，China announced its plan of 6. (build) 10 pilot national parks for ecosystem preservation，including in Shennongjia Forestry District，Hubei Province. Official data showed that visitors to Shennongjia Forestry District 7. (reach) about 15.5 million in 2020.By 2025，the forest area aims 8. (increase) that annual figure to over 30 million，with tourism revenue of more than 10 billion yuan. Visitors can employ a bus service if they do not drive 9. (they) own cars.The journey to Shennongjia will take up to five hours from nearby Yichang or Shiyan.In May,2021，Shennongjia was connected to 10. newly built freeway，making the mountainous region more accessible. 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国最受欢迎的景点之一——神农架。 1．答案　where 解析　考查定语从句。分析句子可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词为place，关系词在从句中作地点状语，所以空白处应填关系副词where。 2．答案　actually 解析　考查副词。修饰动词see，应用副词作状语，故填actually。 3．答案　varies 解析　考查时态和主谓一致。根据下文“over the year as nature takes its course”可知，此处的时态要用一般现在时，结合主语Shennongjia’s beauty，是不可数名词，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，故填varies。 4．答案　Tourists 解析　考查名词复数。空处作主语应用名词tourist，tourist是可数名词，此处表示不止一个游客，用复数，同时注意句首单词首字母要大写，故填Tourists。 5．答案　and 解析　考查连词。根据句意，enjoy flower blossoms in spring，be shaded from the summer heat，appreciate red leaves in autumn和go skiing in winter之间是并列关系，应用并列连词and连接，故填and。 6．答案　building 解析　考查动名词。介词后接动名词作宾语，故填building。 7．答案　reached 解析　考查时态。分析句子可知，reach是that引导的宾语从句的谓语动词，根据时间状语in 2020可知，描述过去发生的事情用一般过去时，动词使用过去式形式，故填reached。 8．答案　to increase 解析　考查非谓语动词。aim to do力求达到，此处为动词不定式作宾语。故填to increase。 9．答案　their 解析　考查代词。修饰名词用形容词性物主代词，故填their。 10．答案　a 解析　考查冠词。此处泛指“一条新建的高速路”，应用不定冠词，newly是发音以辅音音素开头的单词，其前应用不定冠词a，故填a。 Ⅲ.读后续写微练(共7小题；每小题3分，共21分) When my little brother Tom was four，Mom said something like “I’d give anything to have a few more hours in the day.” And Tom said，“Why don’t we buy a bigger clock？” If time worked that way，I could have used an extra-big clock last week! Our teacher had asked us to make an art project showing how plants eat.“I can’t believe we only have two nights to finish it，” Noah said with a sigh.“I have no idea how I’ll get mine done.” I didn’t say anything.Not because I was nervous—I wasn’t nervous at all.I love art projects! In fact，I was so relaxed that I didn’t work on the project at all on Monday night.I planned to start the minute I got home from baseball practice on Tuesday.But there was just one thing. I forgot baseball would run later than usual because it was the day of Baseball Buddies，which happens every month，and it’s a chance for us older students to practise baseball with the adorable younger kids.The second I got home，I threw the entire craft box(手工盒) onto the kitchen table，took out my “How Plants Eat” paper，and started to work.But just then，the telephone rang. It was my friend Ollie，who said his grandmother Abuela had just made cookies and wanted to know if I’d come help decorate them.I love decorating cookies，and I love，love，love Abuela’s world-famous Thanksgiving cookies that only happen once a year! I had no choice.I had to go.Ollie and I put all the star cookies with red jam filling in one group，and all the snowflakes with white cream-cheese filling in another.It was 7 o’clock when I finally got home.I planned to work on my project right after we ate.But then another interruption hit me. 范文补全 Just as I was about to start，Dad said，“Joanna，it’s your turn to do the dishes.” What Dad said was a hammer blow to me,1.leaving me into deeper anxiety (让我陷入更深的焦虑中)．However，that was one of our family rules，so I had to do the dishes reluctantly.The clinking of dishes was disquieting sounds from hell to me，reminding me that the clock was ticking second by second.After I threw the last dish into the cabinet，I rushed into my bedroom,2.only to find that the hour hand had moved past ten (结果发现时针已经走过了十点).3.Without much time left (没有太多剩余时间了)，I finished the assignment in a hurry.The next day,4.I handed in it nervously (我紧张地交上了它)． Looking at the big “F” on my paper，I started to reflect on what I had done these days.5.My life seemed in a mess these days (这些天我的生活似乎是一团糟)，arising from my loose attitude and chaotic schedule.My energy was segmented and occupied by some matters 6.that had nothing to do with my project (这些事情与我的作业毫无关系)．Out of guilt，I explained to my teacher and promised this would never happen again.After this experience，I eventually comprehended the importance of time，and began to arrange for my schedule with caution.With confidence,7.I was firmly convinced that I could get a satisfying score in the next assignment(我坚信我能在下一次的作业中得到一个令人满意的分数)． 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $