Unit 3 Section Ⅰ Vocabulary（Word教参）-【步步高】2024-2025学年高二英语选择性必修第一册学习笔记（译林版）

本高中英语讲义聚焦词汇学习核心知识点，系统梳理重点词汇（如landscape, strike等）的词义、词性及拓展词汇（如vivid→vividly）的词形变化规律，构建“词汇认知-拓展-语境应用”的学习支架。 资料特色在于将词汇学习与语境应用结合，通过“写作佳句”融入读后续写场景（如“We wandered off and got lost in the foggy forest”），提升语言能力。“一词多义”（如strike的不同释义）和“熟词生义”练习培养思维品质，课中辅助教师开展词汇语境教学，课后学生可通过单词拼写、语法填空等练习查漏补缺，强化词汇运用能力。

Section Ⅰ　Vocabulary Ⅰ.写重点词汇 1．landscape n．乡村风景画；风景，景色 2．wander vi.& vt.闲逛，漫步；走失；走神；蜿蜒曲折 3．decade n．十年，十年期 4．mostly adv.主要地，一般地 5．neighbourhood n．街区，城区；邻近的地方 6．strike vt.& vi.突然想到；撞，碰；打；突击；罢工；划(火柴) n．罢工；袭击；击，打 7．realistic adj.栩栩如生的，逼真的；现实的，实际的；明智的 8．display vt.陈列，展出；显示，表现 n．陈列，展览；展示；表现 9．calling n．职业，事业；使命感 10．shade n．阴影部分；色度；阴凉处 11．wage vt.开始，发动 n．(通常指按周领的)工资，工钱 12．campaign n．(宣传)活动，运动；战役 vt.& vi.发起运动，参加活动 13．worthy adj.值得(或应得)……的；值得尊敬的，值得注意的 14．insight n．洞悉，了解；洞察力，领悟 15．wind vi.& vt.蜿蜒，迂回；上发条；缠绕 16．sail vi.& vt.(乘船)航行；起航；驾驶(船只)；飘，掠n．帆；乘船航行 17．apparent adj.显而易见，明白易懂，显然 18．precise adj.细致的，精细的；准确的，精确的；恰好的 19．enormous adj.巨大的，庞大的 20．comprehensive adj.全面的，详尽的；综合性的 21．structure n．建筑物；结构，构造；精心组织 22．crisis n．危机，危急关头；危难时刻，病危期 23．decline n．衰退，衰落，减少，下降 vi.& vt.减少，下降，衰退，衰落；谢绝 24．overthrow vt.推翻，打倒 n．推翻，打倒 25．outstanding adj.优秀的，杰出的；突出的，明显的 26．rare adj.稀少的，罕见的；稀罕的，珍贵的 27．career n．经历，事业；生涯，职业 28．critic n．批评家，评论家；批评者，挑剔的人 29．as opposed to (表示对比)而，相对于 30．all walks of life 各行各业，社会各界 31．go about sth 忙于做某事，继续做某事 32．be down to 由……引起(或造成) 33．in one’s own right 凭自身的资格(或努力) 34．speak volumes about 充分说明，清楚表明 Ⅱ.悟拓展词汇 1．bath n．洗澡；沐浴；(BrE＝bathtub)浴缸→bathe vt.以(光线)洒满，覆盖，使沐浴(在光线里)；用水清洗 2．vivid adj.鲜明的，耀眼的；生动的→vividly adv.生动地；强烈地 3．dominate vt.& vi.在……中具有最重要(或明显)的特色；支配，控制；占有优势；俯视→domination n．控制，统治 4．vision n．远见卓识；视力，视野；想象→visual adj.视力的；视觉的 5．architect n．建筑师→architecture n．建筑设计，建筑风格；建筑学 6．oppose vt.反对；反抗；与(某人)较量→opposed adj.截然不同的；强烈反对的→opposite prep.在……对面 adj.相对的；相反的 7．employ vt.运用，使用；雇用→employer n．雇主→employee n．雇员→employment n．雇用；就业 8．arrange vt.& vi.整理，布置；安排，筹备→arrangement n．布置，整理；筹备，安排 9．ambition n．野心，雄心；抱负→ambitious adj.宏大的，艰巨的；有野心的，有雄心的 10．inspect vt.检查；视察；检阅→inspection n．检查，查看，审视；视察 11．expose vt.揭露，揭穿；暴露，显露；使遭受；使接触→exposure n．暴露；揭露 12．exhibit v．展览，展出→exhibition n．展览，展出 Ⅲ.认阅读词汇 1．There is a handy keyboard shortcut to save you having to scroll up to the top of the screen.v.滚动 2．His experience abroad provides a wider perspective on the problem.n.视角 3．Some companies are simply trying to get bigger to achieve economies of scale.n.规模 wander vi.& vt.闲逛，漫步；走失；走神；蜿蜒曲折 wander about/around徘徊，转来转去，闲逛 wander off迷失，离开正途或正确方向 wander back to回想到，想起 [写作佳句] (1)(读后续写之场景描写)我们在雾茫茫的森林里走散后，迷路了，不知道做什么。 We wandered off and got lost in the foggy forest，not knowing what to do. (2)当我们有空的时候，我们喜欢在田野和树林里闲逛。 We like wandering about/around the fields and the woods when we have free time. (3)(读后续写之心理描写)我的思绪回到了整件事情上，就好像它是昨天发生的一样。 My thoughts wandered back to the whole thing as if it had happened yesterday. strike vt.& vi.(struck，struck)突然想到；撞，碰；打；突击；罢工；划(火柴)；(钟)敲，鸣 n．罢工；袭击；击，打(striking adj.引人注目的，突出的) · strike...into one’s heart 使……刻骨铭心 be struck by...被……打动，迷恋…… 某人突然想起…… · be/go on strike举行罢工 (1)(读后续写之场景描写)All of the audience were struck by the striking(strike) beauty of the symphony. (2)When Tom wandered aimlessly around the street，a stone struck(strike) him on the back，which made him very annoyed. [写作佳句] (3)(2021·浙江1月，读后续写)我突然想到我可以通过把我的头塞进南瓜赢得第一名。 It suddenly struck me that I could win first place by forcing my head inside the pumpkin. (4)(2020·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)约翰想到一个促销爆米花的好办法，于是他像一阵风似的冲向伯纳德的家。 A good way to promote popcorn struck John and thus，he dashed to Bernard’s home like a gust of wind. (5)(读后续写之心理描写)我被他为我所做的一切打动，无法控制自己，感激的泪水顺着脸颊流了下来。 ①As I was struck by what he had done for me，I couldn’t contain myself，tears of gratitude flowing down my cheeks. ②Struck by what he had done for me，I couldn’t contain myself，tears of gratitude flowing down my cheeks.(分词作状语) opposed adj.截然不同的；强烈反对的[oppose vt.反对；反抗；与(某人)较量 opposite prep.在……对面 n．相反的人(或事物) adj.相反的；对面的] ·oppose (doing) sth反对(做)某事 oppose sb/sb’s doing sth反对某人做某事 ·be opposed to强烈反对……；与……对立 as opposed to (表示对比)而，相对于 (1)It’s whispered that the expert would oppose changing(change) the law. (2)The senior students are strongly opposed to being treated(treat) unfairly by others. (3)Opposed(oppose) to the new plan，most of the members left the meeting room. [写作佳句] (4)(读后续写之心理描写)从这件事中我得知，这位老人需要的是孩子们的陪伴，而不是礼物和钱。 From the incident，I learned that what the old man needed was the company of his children，as opposed to gifts and money. (5)(读后续写之情绪描写)由于我所有的朋友都反对我的计划，我忍不住双手掩面哭了起来。 With all of my friends opposed to/opposing my plan，I couldn’t resist weeping，hiding my face in my hands. employ vt.运用，使用；雇用(employer n．雇主employee n．雇员employment n．工作；雇用；使用) ·employ sb to do...雇用某人做…… employ...as...雇用……当…… ＝be employed in doing sth从事于……，忙于…… ·out of employment失业 (1)The boss decided to employ Tom as her secretary because of his outstanding performance. (2)He is in great sorrow because he has been out of employment(employ) for five months. (3)(话题写作之活动介绍)Upon arriving，we were employed(employ) in picking apples and pears. [写作佳句] (4)(应用文写作之道歉信)Because I am employed in preparing for the exhibition，I have no time to accompany you to the bookstore.I’m writing to express my sincere apology. ＝Employed in preparing for the exhibition，I have no time to accompany you to the bookstore.I’m writing to express my sincere apology.(用分词作状语改写) worthy adj.值得(或应得)……的；值得尊敬的，值得注意的(worthwhile adj.值得花时间/金钱/精力的；重要的 worth adj.值……钱；值得n．价值) •be worthy＋ •be (well) worth doing...(非常)值得做…… be worth＋n.值得……；值……钱 •It is worthwhile doing/to do sth.值得做某事。 •worth一般只作表语，可用程度副词well修饰；worthy和worthwhile既可作表语又可作定语。 [写作佳句] (2022·浙江6月，邀请信)我坚信我们学校图书馆里的小组学习室值得体验，因此请接受我真诚的邀请。 (1)I firmly believe that the group-study room in our school library is worthy of being experienced/to be experienced，so please accept my sincere invitation.(worthy) (2)I firmly believe that it is worthwhile experiencing/to experience the group-study room in our school library，so please accept my sincere invitation.(worthwhile) (3)I firmly believe that the group-study room in our school library is worth experiencing，so please accept my sincere invitation.(worth) go about sth 忙于做某事，继续做某事 go against违背 go by经过；时间流逝；顺便走访 go over复习；检查 go through浏览；翻阅；遭受；用完；仔细检查 [写作佳句] (1)(读后续写之场景描写)沐浴在明媚的阳光下，一群学生正忙着画周围的风景。 Bathed in the bright sunshine，a group of students are going about drawing the landscape around them. (2)(应用文写作之求助信)如果你能拿出一些时间仔细检查我的简历并做必要的修改，我将不胜感激。 I’d be very grateful if you could spare some time to go through my résumé and make necessary changes. (3)(应用文写作之建议信)俗话说：“趁热打铁。”你最好尽快复习你学过的东西。 As an old saying goes，“Strike the iron while it’s hot.” You’d better go over what you have learned as soon as possible. (4)(应用文写作之倡议书)无论如何我们都决不应该违背自然规律，否则我们将遭受无尽的痛苦。 In no case should we go against the laws of nature，or we’ll suffer endless pain. (5)随着时间的推移，我意识到学好英语是多么重要。 With time going by/As time goes by，I realize how important it is to learn English well. apparent adj.显而易见，明白易懂，显然(apparently adv.显然地；显而易见地) It is apparent (to sb) that...(在某人看来)很明显…… (1)Soon，it was apparent to us that he was opposed to our going hiking in that distant village. (2)Apparently(apparent)，blindly following others’ advice will affect our own judgment. [写作佳句] (3)(话题写作之活动介绍)很明显，许多学生被农场的景色迷住了。 It was apparent that a great many students were fascinated by the scenery of the farm. (4)(议论文)如上文明显所示，大约有80%的学生反对带手机去学校。 As is apparently shown in the passage above，there are about 80% students opposing taking cellphones to school. expose vt.揭露，揭穿；暴露，显露；使遭受；使接触(exposed adj.无遮蔽的；无保护的 exposure n．暴露；揭露) ·expose...to...使显露；暴露；使接触 ·be exposed to暴露于；接触 (1)Exposure/Being exposed(expose) to sunlight for long will do harm to one’s skin. (2)(应用文写作之建议信)If you want to improve your English as fast as possible，you should expose yourself to a full English environment. [写作佳句] (3)(应用文写作之告知信)首先，做志愿者工作可以让你接触到各行各业，这可以让你对社区有一个深入的了解。 To start with，doing volunteer work allows you to expose yourself to/be exposed to all walks of life，which enables you to gain a deep insight into the community. decline n．衰退，衰落，减少，下降 vi.& vt.减少，下降，衰退，衰落；谢绝 ·in decline/on the decline处于衰退中，走下坡路，在下降 ·decline to do sth拒绝做某事 decline in...在……方面减少/下降 decline by...下降了……(后常接分数或百分数) decline to...下降到……(后常接具体数字) (1)The critic declined to make(make) an apology to the writer，making people present annoyed. [写作佳句] (2)(应用文写作之建议信)如果你不得不谢绝邀请，你最好礼貌地拒绝。 If you have to decline an invitation，you’d better decline it in a polite manner. (3)(图表作文)正如我们从图表中可以看到的，在过去的几年里，喜欢阅读的人数一直在下降。 As we can see from the chart，the number of people who like reading has been in decline/on the decline in the past few years. Ⅰ.一词多义 strike A.v.雷电、暴风雨等袭击　B.v.击，打　C.v.报时　D.v.给某人以……印象　E.v.突然想到　F.n.罢工 1．The workers are coming out on strike for higher wages，which is a shock to the government. F 2．I heard the clock striking eight when I woke up this morning. C 3．Throughout the event，I was struck by the incredible variety of plants that exist in our world. D 4．It struck me that I would have an important meeting in Shanghai the next day. E 5．When a disaster strikes，you might find yourself without water，gas and electricity. A 6．It gave me a shock that an apple fell off the tree and struck me on the head. B wind A.n.风；气流　B.vt.卷绕，缠绕　C.vt.给钟表等上发条　D.vt.曲折而行，蜿蜒 7．You must wind this clock once a day. C 8．The river winds its way between two meadows. D 9．One day，we will have to rely on alternative energy，such as solar and wind energy for daily life and to power machines. A 10．Wind a bandage firmly around the wounded leg and you can stop the bleeding. B Ⅱ.熟词生义 1．(2020·新课标Ⅰ)Yet，the only one who cares about any mistake is the one who is speaking.People’s attention wanders constantly.In fact，most people only absorb about 20 percent of a speaker’s message.vi.开小差，走神 2．(2023·全国甲) Carson proves that a simple literary form that has been passed down through the ages can still be employed today to draw attention to important truths.v.运用 3．(2022·浙江1月)Cobb，for her part，started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak whether she could do so remotely；about three-quarters of the time，they agreed.When the answer was no，she declined the invitation.vt.谢绝 训练1　Vocabulary(A)　[分值：47.5分] Ⅰ.单词拼写(共10小题；每小题1分，共10分) 1．On the wall hung two rural landscapes(风景画) which were created by Jan van Goyen. 2．Not all artworks that are displayed(展出) in this gallery are painted by Impressionist painters. 3．On seeing the frightening scene，he shouted so loudly that the whole neighbo(u)-rhood could hear him. 4．Past three decades have witnessed the dramatic development of the computer. 5．After lunch，my father and I wandered around the path enjoying the quiet setting. 6．The native factory will have more workers employed(雇用) after the New Year. 7．A stream is winding its way through the valley into the river. 8．A great many portraits were sent to the exhibition from various parts of the world. 9．Twenty soldiers(士兵) were sent to the distant mine in search of the trapped miners. 10．We suggest arranging(安排) visits to the gallery during your stay in China. Ⅱ.单句语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分) 1．Struck(strike) by the beautiful scenery，he decided to stay another day. 2．The mother tries to expose her children to some good books and some pleasant music. 3．Memories flash in my mind，and nameless and numberless images come up vividly(vivid)． 4．The topic whether we will expand our business or not is worthy to be discussed(discuss)． 5．One day Tony was wandering(wander) on the street when he met a distant relative. 6．When I was a fashion editor，I mostly(most) wore white shirts and black navy trousers. 7．The students are employed in making(make) preparations for the mid-term examination. 8．These fish and snails have experienced a decline in population because of overfishing by humans. 9．It is apparent that through participating in this picking activity，we have become aware of the significance of work. 10．Members in the group are expected to try solving problems by themselves，as opposed(oppose) to waiting for help. Ⅲ.阅读理解(共4小题；每小题2.5分，共10分) Some 30,000 years ago，artists who lived in caves in Europe painted pictures of the animals around them.The paintings were highly realistic.Some even showed movement.The artwork is considered the oldest group of human cave drawings that have ever been discovered.The drawings were created tens of thousands of years ago before human history was written.They were preserved because the cave was closed off for more or less 23,000 years. Fast forward to December 18,1994，a group of French cave scientists were exploring caves in southern France.Jean-Marie Chauvet，who led the group then，described the process of discovering the cave paintings.“At that time I was in the front，Eliette just walked behind me，Christian behind.Eliette said she saw two marks made with red ochre and she said，‘They came here.’ And at this very moment everything began.The drawings and everything were linked to the parietal art.That is where it started.” Cave art expert Jean Clottes reviewed the paintings.“I was amazed at the number of paintings there and their quality.” The Chauvet Cave has been named after the explorer who first entered it.However，its environment and drawings are too fragile to be visited by human beings.So the cave is closed，and only people there for scientific purposes can go inside and see the artwork. However，French authorities asked experts to create an exact copy of the cave，called the Pont d’Arc Cavern.The copy cost more than 59 million dollars to build.Pascal Terrasse is the president of the cave.He says everyone will be able to experience the thrill of looking at drawings made by the first humans in Europe.He says the place is magic because it is done so well. 语篇解读　这是一篇新闻报道。位于法国的肖维岩洞里的壁画被认为是世界上已被发现的最古老的一组人类岩洞绘画。文章主要介绍了这个岩洞的发现以及保护情况。 1．Who was the first scientist to enter the cave? A．Christian. B．Eliette. C．Jean Clottes. D．Jean-Marie Chauvet. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段第二、三句以及第三段中“The Chauvet Cave has been named after the explorer who first entered it.”可知，第一个走入岩洞的科学家是Jean-Marie Chauvet。故选D。 2．Which words can be used to describe the paintings in the cave? A．Elegant and abstract. B．Vivid and superior. C．Complicated and creative. D．Delicate and colourful. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据第一段第二、三句“The paintings were highly realistic.Some even showed movement.”以及第二段最后一句“I was amazed at the number of paintings there and their quality.”可知，肖维岩洞里的壁画是生动并且品质上乘的。故选B。 3．What can be learned about the Chauvet Cave? A．It was closed off for some 30,000 years. B．It’s the origin of modern parietal art. C．The artwork is very easy to damage. D．No one is given access to it now. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“However，its environment and drawings are too fragile to be visited by human beings.”可知，肖维岩洞里的环境和壁画很脆弱，容易受到破坏。故选C。 4．Why is the Pont d’Arc Cavern created? A．To show admiration for early artists in Europe. B．To arouse visitors’ awareness of protecting art. C．To offer visitors chances to enjoy the artwork. D．To collect money for preserving the cave. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句“He says everyone will be able to experience the thrill of looking at drawings made by the first humans in Europe.He says the place is magic because it is done so well.”可推知，法国政府让专家们根据肖维岩洞的原型修建Pont d’Arc Cavern的目的是给人们提供欣赏这些艺术作品的机会。故选C。 Ⅳ.七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，共12.5分) As the new semester rolls in，it’s time to get ready for a fresh start to achieve your goals. 1 Here are some practical tips to help you get through a fresh start with ease. Evaluate how you did last semester.Grades aren’t everything，but they can help you understand how well you’re doing in terms of your studies.So start by taking some time to think about these things.Did your grades improve，stay the same，or drop last semester? How can you make changes this semester? 2 Set new goals for this semester.Before the semester begins，take some time to set clear and achievable goals for yourself. 3 Having goals will provide you with directions and motivation (动力) throughout the semester.To make the most of it，write your goals and hang them in a visible place. 4 Keep your motivation high by reminding yourself of the goals you set.Then surround yourself with supportive people who inspire and encourage you.Celebrate your achievements along the way to maintain a positive attitude.Remember to stay adaptable and make adjustments to your plan as needed throughout the semester. Take care of yourself.Remember to prioritize(优先考虑) your physical and mental health. 5 Practice stress management skills，or engage in hobbies that help you relax.Taking good care of yourself will improve your focus，energy and overall productivity. A．Stay motivated and stay positive. B．Take an active part in various activities. C．Get enough sleep，eat nutritious meals，and exercise regularly. D．Identify what you want to finish academically and personally. E．It will save you time and help you communicate with your teachers. F．You’d better make the most of this time because starting off strong is the key to a successful semester. G．It’s helpful to write these things down，allowing you to make connections and take the next step more easily. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是怎么为新学期的开始做好准备。 1．答案　F 解析　空前一句说明新学期要为新的开始做好准备，空格处承接上文，应该也建议为新学期的开始做好准备，F选项“你最好充分利用这段时间，因为强势的开始是一个成功学期的关键”切题，故选F。 2．答案　G 解析　空前“So start by taking some time to think about these things...How can you make changes this semester？”建议花时间思考一些事情，G选项“把这些事情写下来是很有帮助的，可以让你串联起来，更容易地迈出下一步”承接上文，其中these things是词汇复现，故选G。 3．答案　D 解析　空前两句建议为新学期设定目标，空格处应该也是关于目标的，D选项“确定你想要完成的学业和个人目标”说明了目标的内容，承接上文，故选D。 4．答案　A 解析　空格处是本段主题句，本段下文说明了要保持积极性，充满动力，A选项“保持积极主动”概括本段内容，可作为主题句，故选A。 5．答案　C 解析　空前“Take care of yourself.Remember to prioritize (优先考虑) your physical and mental health.”说明了要保持身心健康，空后一句建议怎样保持心理健康，故空格处应该说怎么保持身体健康，C选项“保证充足的睡眠，吃有营养的食物，经常锻炼”切题，故选C。 训练2　Vocabulary(B)　[分值：35分] Ⅰ.阅读理解(共4小题；每小题2.5分，共10分) A In general，the riches of the natural world aren’t spread evenly across the globe.Places like the tropical(热带的) Andes in South America are simply packed with unique species，many of which can’t be found in any other places.Until recently，the main explanation for the biological riches concentrated in places like the Amazon Basin was that such places must be engines of biodiversity(生物多样性)，with new species evolving at a faster rate than other parts of the world.But now，new research on bird evolution may turn that assumption on its head，instead supporting the idea that areas with fewer species actually tend to produce new species faster. The researchers say these biodiversity “coldspots” are generally found in environments featuring freezing，dry and unstable conditions.Though the researchers found these locations with few bird species tend to produce new ones at high rates，they fail to accumulate many species because the unstable conditions frequently make the new life forms die out. The more well-known “hotspots”，by contrast，have accumulated their large numbers of species by being warm，hospitable and relatively stable.Indeed，the researchers found that the countless bird species that call the Amazon home tend to be older in evolutionary terms.“New species do form in places like the Amazon，just not as frequently as in the dry grasslands in the Andes，” says Elizabeth，an evolutionary biologist at the University of Tennessee. The researchers managed to collect 1,940 samples representing 1,287 of the 1,306 bird species from South America.Their analysis showed that the best predictor of whether an area would produce new species at a high rate was how many species lived there，rather than climate or geographic features like mountains.Species-rich areas tended to produce new species more slowly. “Maybe bad environments generate new species more frequently because there’s less competition and more available opportunities for new species，” says Gustavo Bravo，a lead researcher. The study’s findings add new urgency to protect ecosystems that may look barren，but may actually be nature’s hothouses for the evolution of new species. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一项新的研究发现，物种较少的地方会比物种丰富的地方更快地产生新物种。 1．Why is South America mentioned in the first paragraph? A．To make comparisons. B．To introduce the topic. C．To make a prediction. D．To draw a conclusion. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据第一段中“Places like the tropical(热带的) Andes in South America are simply packed with unique species...instead supporting the idea that areas with fewer species actually tend to produce new species faster.”可知，本段提及南美洲是为了引入文章关于生物多样性的主题。故选B。 2．What determines the rising rate of new species in a place? A．The number of its species there. B．The environment there. C．The survival skills of species. D．The different biological factors. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段中“Their analysis showed that the best predictor of whether an area would produce new species at a high rate was how many species lived there”可知，一个地方原有物种的数量决定了新物种的增长速度。故选A。 3．Which of the following can best explain the underlined word “barren” in the last paragraph? A．Dry and bare. B．Lively and active. C．Nice and green. D．Complex and unpredictable. 答案　A 解析　词义猜测题。根据第五段以及最后一段可知，恶劣的环境会更频繁地产生新物种，所以那些可能看起来干旱贫瘠的生态系统，实际上可能是新物种进化的自然温床，更急需保护，故可推测画线单词barren意为“干旱贫瘠的”。故选A。 4．What is the main idea of the text? A．Tropical areas are home to large numbers of species. B．New species prefer to live in the extreme climate. C．Harsh environments pose a greater threat to species. D．The worst ecosystem may give birth to new species fastest. 答案　D 解析　主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句以及第五段中“Maybe bad environments generate new species more frequently because there’s less competition and more available opportunities for new species”可知，本文主要介绍了一项新的研究发现，恶劣的环境可能会更频繁地产生新物种，即最糟糕的生态系统可能会最快地产生新物种。故选D。 B Robots in the art world are nothing new.In fact，for centuries，people have built robots as art objects.However，what’s different now is that artists and engineers are building robots that actually create art. In 1973，British-born painter Harold Cohen wrote a computer program and called it AARON.At first，AARON only made simple outlines whose color and details Cohen would later add.Fifty years later，AARON is able to paint anything a human could paint.So can AARON be called an artist or creative? In 2010，Cohen explained，“Although I wrote the initial computer code that AARON follows，AARON can generate unlimited numbers of images.” So according to Cohen，the simple answer is yes—AARON is creative. It’s not just paintings that robots are creating，though.Last year，a robot called Shimon released its first album(唱片) on Spotify.Shimon began life as a simple robot marimba(木琴) player.Over the years，however，it’s learned how to perform with other musicians，write original songs.Shimon does this by analyzing huge amounts of music—roughly 50,000 rock，jazz and hip-hop songs—to identify patterns and then uses that information to create original works. It may be cool to hear a song created by a robot，but is there any other reason to build robots that can play music? According to Gil Weinberg，one of Shimon’s creators，because the robot is capable of doing things that a real musician might not think of，he and his team “hope and believe that these new abilities would lead to new directions that could not be achieved in human-to-human cooperation”． While questions about robots creating art are fun to think about，there are many other ways that robots can help artists in the way they create their works.For example，advancements in 3D-printing technology will allow artists to build more complex pieces for their sculptures.Therefore，robots in the art world are here to stay. 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了机器人在艺术界的应用。 5．What was AARON able to do at first? A．Paint people and landscapes. B．Prepare basic outlines for Cohen. C．Draw pictures of itself and Cohen. D．Color paintings under Cohen’s instructions. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中“At first，AARON only made simple outlines whose color and details Cohen would later add.”可知，AARON一开始只能为Cohen画出草图。故选B。 6．What does the article tell us about Shimon? A．It is both a marimba and guitar player. B．It has created about 50,000 original songs. C．It is expected to push humans to achieve more. D．Its creators hope that it can outperform humans. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。 根据倒数第二段中“According to Gil Weinberg...he and his team ‘hope and believe...that could not be achieved in human-to-human cooperation’．”可知，Shimon被期待推动人类取得更多成就。故选C。 7．What is the author’s attitude toward robots that create art? A．Positive. B．Worried. C．Neutral. D．Doubtful. 答案　A 解析　观点态度题。 根据最后一段中“While questions about robots creating art are fun to think about，there are many other ways that robots can help artists in the way they create their works.”和“Therefore，robots in the art world are here to stay.”可推知，作者对创造艺术的机器人持积极的态度，肯定了其价值。故选A。 8．Which can be a suitable title for the text? A．AARON and Shimon B．Robots in the Real World C．Programmed Creativity D．Advancements in Technology 答案　C 解析　标题归纳题。 通读全文，尤其是第二段中“So according to Cohen，the simple answer is yes—AARON is creative.”可知，本文主要介绍了机器人在艺术界的应用，因此C选项“被编程的创造力”体现本文主旨，适合作为标题。故选C。 Ⅱ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分) China’s pioneer in ecological and biological research of giant pandas，Professor Hu Jinchu，also known as the “panda papa”，passed away 1. 94 on Thursday night in Nanchong City，southwest China’s Sichuan Province. Hu is 2. (international) recognized as the founder of the ecological and biological research of giant pandas and is the first man 3. (study) giant pandas in China.He 4. (appoint) as the lead expert of a survey team for precious animal resources by the Forestry Department of Sichuan in 1974.At that time，China was just starting to explore the 5. (distribute)，quantity and reproduction of such species，and the appointment was a significant milestone in this regard. The task was made quite 6. (challenge) by the fact that giant pandas were extremely difficult to spot in the wild.But Hu overcame all the difficulties by using an innovative method,7. is still used to this day. After the survey，China decided to further strengthen ecological research 8. (involve) the species.In 1978，Hu led the establishment of the Wolong National Nature Reserve in Sichuan Province,9. world’s first field ecology observation station for giant pandas.For almost half a century，he devoted 10. (he) to research and teaching at China West Normal University.Owing to the efforts made by Chinese zoologists like Hu Jinchu，the giant panda was downgraded from endangered to vulnerable in 2016. 语篇解读　本文是一篇新闻报道，主要报道了中国大熊猫生态和生物学研究的先驱者，被称为“熊猫之父”的胡锦矗教授去世的消息，并回顾了他的生平。 1．答案　at 解析　考查介词。表达“在多少岁时”用介词at，故填at。 2．答案　internationally 解析　考查副词。修饰动词is recognized应用副词作状语，international意为“国际的”，是形容词，其副词形式是internationally，意为“国际上”，故填internationally。 3．答案　to study 解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，man前面有序数词修饰，其定语应用不定式。故填to study。 4．答案　was appointed 解析　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。根据句意可知，He和appoint之间是被动关系，且由时间状语in 1974可知，此处用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是He，be动词用was。故填was appointed。 5．答案　distribution 解析　考查名词。根据句子结构可知，空处应用distribute的名词形式distribution作explore的宾语，意为“分布”，是不可数名词。故填distribution。 6．答案　challenging 解析　考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，此处用形容词作宾语补足语，challenge意为“挑战”，是名词，其形容词是challenging，意为“具有挑战性的”。故填challenging。 7．答案　which 解析　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词method意为“方法”，指物，且关系词在从句中作主语。故填which。 8．答案　involving 解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，本句谓语为decided，故本空为非谓语，且research和involve之间是主动关系，故应用现在分词involving作后置定语。故填involving。 9．答案　the 解析　考查冠词。根据句意可知，此处特指“世界上第一个大熊猫野外生态观察站”，应用定冠词the。故填the。 10．答案　himself 解析　考查代词。devote oneself to sth意为“致力于某事”，属于固定短语，且句子主语为he，故填 himself，作宾语。故填himself。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $