UNIT 1 Section Ⅶ Reading Club（Word教参）-【步步高】2024-2025学年高二英语选择性必修第一册学习笔记（北师大版）

本讲义聚焦高中英语阅读策略与核心词汇运用，系统梳理Reading Club中细节理解、推理判断等阅读技能，结合engagement、take up等重点词汇的词性转换、语境搭配及写作应用，搭建“阅读输入-词汇内化-技能输出”的学习支架。 该资料特色在于融合语言能力（词汇语境运用与阅读表达）、思维品质（推理分析与逻辑判断）和文化意识（关注青少年社交焦虑、科技影响等社会现象），通过“阅读+词汇+分层练习”一体化设计，课中辅助教师高效授课，课后助力学生通过单词拼写、语法填空等练习查漏补缺，提升综合语言运用能力。

Section Ⅶ　Reading Club Ⅰ.Read Reading Club 1 on P21，and choose the best answer. 1．Who are most likely to be influenced by peer pressure? A．Old people. B．Mid-aged people. C．Teenagers. D．Babies. 答案　C 2．Which aspect is not mentioned about peer pressure’s influence? A．Style of clothes. B．Way of speaking. C．Choice of music. D．Choice of jobs. 答案　D 3．What kind of people will be the targets of bullies? A．People who are outside the peer group. B．People who always have much confidence. C．People who often seek approval from peers. D．People who often challenge peers’ behaviour. 答案　A 4．What attitude does the author have towards peer pressure? A．Positive. B．Negative. C．Objective. D．Neutral. 答案　B Ⅱ.Read Reading Club 2 on P22，and choose the best answer. 1．What traits may an introvert have? A．Enjoying thinking and being thoughtful. B．Enjoying spending time with people and being reserved. C．Enjoying being alone and looking outside themselves. D．Enjoying going shopping and looking outside themselves. 答案　A 2．What type of writing is the text? A．Narration. B．Argumentation. C．Exposition. D．News. 答案　C 3．What’s the author’s purpose in writing the passage? A．To introduce extroverts and introverts. B．To explain the reasons why people are extroverts and introverts. C．To convince people of the traits of different personality qualities. D．To show that extroverts have higher happiness levels than introverts. 答案　A engagement n．参与[engage vi.参加；从事 vt.吸引(注意力、兴趣)；雇用；使参加 engaged adj.忙于；从事于；已订婚的；占线的；使用中的] •engage sb to do sth 雇用某人做某事 engage (sb) in (使某人)从事；参与 •be engaged to sb 与某人订婚 be engaged in忙于；从事于 (1)No one can deny the fact that no one can engage children to do(do) any work. (2)An engagement is an agreement that two people have made with each other to get married.词义：订婚 [写作佳句] (3)尽管你忙于你的学习，你也应该抽出一些时间来参加户外运动。 ①Although you are engaged in your study，you should set aside some time to engage (yourself) in outdoor activities. ②Engaged in your study，you should set aside some time to engage (yourself) in outdoor activities.(用形容词短语作状语改写) take up 拿起；接受；开始从事；继续；占据(时间、空间等) take in收留(某人)；吸收；领会，理解；欺骗；包括 take off (飞机等)起飞；脱下；成功 take on呈现；雇用；承担 take over接管；取代 (1)写出下列句子中take up的汉语意思 ①The girl took up her bag and left the dorm.拿起 ②Thinking twice，she finally took up his invitation.接受 ③At the age of sixty，he took up the study of Russian.开始从事 ④Joan took up the story when her sister forgot the next detail.继续 ⑤That big clock will have to go；it takes up too much space in the small dorm.占据 (2)用take短语的正确形式填空 After ①taking over the firm from his father，Tom ②took in some scientific ideas and ③took on some experienced and hard-working workers，which suggested that his firm would ④take off soon.Certainly，managing the firm ⑤took up almost all his time.Tom held the strong belief that his firm would ⑥take on a new look in the near future. [写作佳句] (3)(读后续写之动作描写)接受这个奖的时候，我是如此激动以至于热泪盈眶。 When taking up the award，I was so excited that tears welled up in my eyes. belong vi.属于；应在(某处)；适应(belonging n．[U]归属；[pl.]所有物；财产) •belong to 是……的成员；属于(无被动语态，无进行时态，作非谓语时多用belonging to 形式) •sense of belonging归属感 (1)The laptop belongs to my roommate；that is，this is a laptop belonging(belong) to my roommate. [写作佳句] (2)(应用文写作之感谢信)正是由于我慷慨善良的同学们的帮助，我才有了归属感。 It is because of my generous and kind-hearted classmates’ assistance that I feel a sense of belonging. approval n．赞许；同意；通过(approve v．同意；批准 approving adj.赞许的；赞成的 disapprove vt.& vi.不赞成) •gain one’s approval 获得某人的认可 •approve of sth赞成某事 approve sth批准某事 (1)My niece，who is obsessed with social networking，wants to associate with her boyfriend known online，but my sister doesn’t approve ①of it.The girl is depressed about my sister’s ②disapproval(approve) and asks me for help.However，I ③disapprove(approve) of the dangerous relationship as well. [写作佳句] (2)(应用文写作之感谢信)如果您能批准我们筹集资金的提议，我将不胜感激。 ①I would appreciate it if you could approve our proposal to raise money.(approve) ②I would appreciate it if you could give your approval to our proposal to raise money.(approval) defend vt.& vi.保护，保卫；防守；辩解[defenc(s)e n．防御；保卫；保护 defensive adj.防御的；保护的] •defend...against/from (doing) ...保护……免受…… defend oneself自卫；为自己辩护 •in defence (of)保护；为了保卫；(为……)辩护 in one’s defence为某人辩护 (1)In the Internet era，we should be alert to some apps and learn to defend ourselves from/against identity theft. (2)In the movie，we were deeply moved when the brave people took up arms in defence(defend) of their country. [写作佳句] (3)(应用文写作之活动介绍)接下来，几位老战士将讲述一些关于我们的英雄的故事，他们中的一些人甚至为保卫我们的祖国献出了生命。 Following that，several veteran soldiers will tell some stories about our heroes，some of whom even lost their lives in defence of/to defend our motherland. 训练9　Reading Club(A) [分值：42分] Ⅰ.单词拼写(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分) 1．I am really grateful to receive your invitation，but I will have an important exam that day. 2．Different activities will be organis(z)ed during the cultural festival. 3．The competitors(选手) then introduced how their models worked with clarity. 4．The host felt embarrassed and had to turn to another topic(话题)． 5．All of the club members are sincerely looking forward to your engagement. 6．What surprised us was that the five-year-old girl spoke Germany with incredible fluency. 7．Lots of students got distracted in the boring politics(政治) class. 8．The teacher complained that many students lacked motivation(动力) to study hard. 9．The educationalist is a person of principle(原则)，so he will not change his idea easily. 10．Ms White felt depressed because her request didn’t meet the dean’s approval(同意)． Ⅱ.单句语法填空(共8小题；每小题1.5分，满分12分) 1. Associating with friends online takes up much of his time，which makes his mother upset. 2．So far，only 20 of the students have handed(hand) in the homework and many will miss the deadline. 3．This is a laptop belonging(belong) to my niece，and mine is in my dorm. 4．They fight desperately to defend their country against/from invaders from the north. 5．In contrast to introverts，extroverts are more emotional and lack the ability to think deeply. 6．I feel extremely honored to give a speech on behalf of my school. 7．Additionally，it will arouse our enthusiasm for space exploration and raise awareness of the importance of scientific innovation(innovate)． 8．Recently，a survey，which is about students’ housework engagement(engage)，has been carried out in my class. Ⅲ.阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分) A Do you want to be more organized or sociable? Maybe you worry too much and wish to be more carefree.Actually，about 2/3 of people would like to change some aspects of their personality.In the past，it seemed impossible as personality was believed to be set in childhood and remain unchanged throughout life. Recent research by psychology professor Nathan Hudson and colleagues challenges the idea of a fixed personality.They say that with the right strategies and effort，many people can successfully shape their desired personality. Their interventions involve recommending regular activities that reflect the desired traits.For example，introverts who want to be more outgoing might introduce themselves to a stranger once a week or make small talk with a cashier.Someone who wants to be more organized might double-check emails before sending them or write a to-do list before bed. These tasks may seem minor，but their purpose is to form habitual thinking patterns and behaviors.Evidence shows it works well: in a 15-week trial with 400 people，participants accepted an average of two challenges per week.After they completed those tasks，their traits shifted in the desired direction，according to a personality questionnaire(调查问卷)． Unexpected personality change can be good news for those wanting to be more sociable，organized，or happy-go-lucky.This research awareness could also improve mental health. People often believe negative feelings are part of their identity and unchangeable.However，educating them on potential personality change could lead to a more positive path.Harvard psychology professor John Weisz and his team selected 100 teenagers with signs of anxiety or depression.They took a computerized course on brain plasticity and completed worksheets to reinforce the knowledge. When Weisz checked in on the teens’ mental health nine months later，the students reported a significant decrease in their anxiety and depression compared with those who had instead taken part in a course on “emotional expression”． Whether you’re facing serious issues or just want to improve yourself，remember that character is in your hands and you have the power to become who you want to be. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。一项新的研究发现，通过正确的心理策略和足够的努力，许多人可以改变原来的性格，成功地塑造他们理想的个性。 1．What is an old belief about personality according to the passage? A．Most people are satisfied with their personality. B．Sociable or organized people are more popular. C．Childhood has nothing to do with personality. D．People can’t change their personality traits. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段末句“In the past，it seemed impossible as personality was believed to be set in childhood and remain unchanged throughout life.”可知，关于个性，过去人们总是认为那是在童年时期形成的，并保持不变。故选D。 2．What did participants do in Nathan Hudson’s research? A．They became more aware of their mental health. B．They had new thinking patterns and behaviors. C．They reported their completed tasks in the questionnaire. D．They were advised to work as cashiers in the supermarket. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据第四段末句“After they completed those tasks，their traits shifted in the desired direction，according to a personality questionnaire(调查问卷)．”可知，在Nathan的研究中，参与者形成了新的个性特征，即新的思维模式和行为。故选B。 3．What is the purpose of mentioning John Weisz’s study in paragraph 7? A．Question the result. B．Make a comparison. C．Explain the method. D．Show an additional benefit. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据第七段“When Weisz checked in on the teens’ mental health nine months later，the students reported a significant decrease in their anxiety and depression...”可知，John Weisz的研究显示了另一个好处，即可以改善心理健康。故选D。 4．Which of the following would be the best title for this passage? A．Mental Issues: More Than Meets the Eye B．Personality: It Is Not Set in Stone C．Your Personality Shapes Your Future D．A Great Cure for Mental Problems 答案　B 解析　标题归纳题。根据第二段末句“They say that with the right strategies and effort，many people can successfully shape their desired personality.”以及最后一段可知，本文介绍了个性并不是一成不变的，我们可以通过正确的心理策略和足够的努力来变成我们想成为的人。故选B。 B After graduating from Chongqing City Management College，Tan Minyan from Chongqing decided to become a cemetery custodian(守墓人)． “With four colleagues，I don’t need to worry about any complicated relationships，” the 22-year-old girl shared on her Sina Weibo.“Moreover，my office，dormitory and canteen are in the same building.The pace of work is slow and I almost feel as if I retired early.” Her decision has caused heated discussion on social media in November about how young people nowadays can deal with social anxiety and benefit from genuine interpersonal relationships. According to the survey conducted in 2021 by China Youth Daily，more than 80 percent of the nearly 5,000 college students questioned said they had mild social anxiety disorder.The disorder surfaces most frequently when they speak in front of large groups，communicate with strangers and ask for favors. Cheng Qiang，who works for a media group in Beijing，is one of them.The 29-year-old man told China Daily he started having social anxiety disorder in middle school. To avoid contact with coworkers，Cheng often wore a mask even when going to the toilet or kitchen so he would encounter fewer people. “The disorder becomes more severe when I am around people who know me but are not close，” he told China Daily.“Their attention makes me nervous，and I don’t know how to respond.” Wang Wenda，a psychology lecturer at Ningxia University’s Xinhua College，finds that most of the people who suffer from social anxiety disorder are introverted，lack confidence or social skills，or have suffered traumatic(造成创伤的) interpersonal relationships. He also believes that the disorder is not trivial.It may lead to panic attacks and other psychological problems as a result of a lack of contact with other people. According to China Daily，Wang’s suggested solution was as follows：People with social anxiety disorder should go out and expose themselves to more social gatherings and practice their social skills；through greater social experience and small successes in social encounters，they will reap the benefits of having a real social life and come to enjoy positive interpersonal relations. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章从真实案例出发引出社会对社交焦虑的讨论，主要介绍了社交恐惧症的主要表现以及缓解社交恐惧症的方法。 5．Why is Tan Minyan’s experience mentioned at the beginning of the text? A．To suggest an alternative career path. B．To lead up to the topic of social anxiety. C．To illustrate what young people value in their work. D．To present people’s attitudes toward her profession. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，她的这一决定在社交媒体上引发了关于当代年轻人如何应对社交恐惧的热烈讨论，所以开头提到谭敏妍的经历是为了引出社交恐惧的话题。故选B项。 6．What do we know about people with social anxiety disorder? A．They are unwilling to help others. B．They find it hard to do everyday tasks. C．They feel uneasy when asking for favors. D．They always feel anxious in public places. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句可知，有社交恐惧症的人在寻求帮助时会感到不安。故选C项。 7．What does the underlined word “trivial” in the second-to-last paragraph most probably mean? A．Urgent. B．Influential. C．Unimportant. D．Complicated. 答案　C 解析　词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“It may lead to panic attacks and other psychological problems as a result of a lack of contact with other people.”可知，这种病症并不是小事，且该词前有否定词not，因此trivial为“小的，无关紧要的”的意思。故选C项。 8．What does Wang suggest people with social anxiety disorder do? A．Join a social anxiety support group. B．Go outside to relax themselves. C．Seek help from a professional. D．Engage in more social activities. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“People with social anxiety disorder should go out and expose themselves to more social gatherings and practice their social skills...”可知，王文达建议有社交恐惧症的人们应该多参加社交活动。故选D项。 训练10　Reading Club(B) [分值：32.5分] Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分) A Remember making friends in the lunchroom? For many of today’s teens，friendships can start online.A just-released report from the Pew Research Center finds 57 percent of teens have met a new friend online，and nearly 29 percent say they’ve made more than five friends in digital spaces.Only one in five teens have actually met an online friend in person. Where in the digital world do teens meet new friends? Among boys who have made a friend online，video games are a hot spot—57 percent made a friend while gaming over online networks.As for girls,78 percent who made a friend online met on a social media site. The report also finds that the majority of teens on social media use it as a way to stay connected with the friends they already have.Seventy percent say it makes them feel more connected to their friends’ feelings. But there are challenges.Most (88 percent) of teen social media users believe people share too much information about themselves.Teens also report feeling pressure to post content that makes them look good to others，and having had someone that post things about them that they can’t change or control. Still，not all interactions are virtual.“Teens still spend substantial amounts of time with friends in-person，especially at school，” said Amanda Lenhart，Associate Director for Research at the Pew Research Center and the lead author on the report.In a press release Lenhart noted，“But mobile phones，social media，and for boys，online video gaming，have become deeply enmeshed(陷入)in creating and maintaining teen friendships.In many instances，these technologies make teens feel closer and more connected to their friends.” As for the top way，teens stay in touch? That’s no surprise—the report finds 88 percent of teens text their friends，with 55 percent of those texting daily. 语篇解读　本文是一篇议论文。文章通过各类报告和会议数据表明，当今的青少年更愿意在网上交友以及维持友谊，但同时也提出了网络交友带来的问题。 1．What does the report find about today’s teens in paragraph 1? A．One third of them make friends online. B．They make five friends online on average. C．20 percent of them meet friends personally. D．Over half of them gain new friendships online. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中“A just-released report from the Pew Research Center finds 57 percent of teens have met a new friend online”可知，该报告发现如今有57%，也就是超过一半的青少年都在网上交友。故选D项。 2．What does the underlined word “it” refer to in paragraph 3? A．Social media. B．A hot spot. C．The Pew Research Center. D．The lunchroom. 答案　A 解析　代词指代题。根据第三段内容可知，大多数青少年使用社交媒体保持联系，社交媒体是他们与朋友保持联系的方式，it代指前面提到的“social media”。故选A项。 3．How do most teens keep friendships with their friends? A．By playing video games. B．By texting each other. C．By phoning each other. D．By posting messages online. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段中“That’s no surprise—the report finds 88 percent of teens text their friends，with 55 percent of those texting daily.”可知，大多数青少年都是通过发短信来与朋友保持联系。故选B项。 4．What is the author’s attitude to teens’ developing friendships today? A．Optimistic. B．Negative. C．Objective. D．Unconcerned. 答案　C 解析　观点态度题。根据倒数第三段的“Most (88 percent) of teen...can’t change or control.”以及倒数第二段的“In many instances，these technologies make teens feel closer and more connected to their friends.”可知，作者对于今天青少年发展友谊从正反两方面给出了评论，持有客观的态度。故选C项。 B Smartphones，tablets and other digital devices can be addictive.They affect sleep.They draw kids into an alternate universe，often distracting(使分心) them from more productive- and healthier-real-world activities.And they are often linked to anxiety and depression，learning disabilities and obesity(肥胖)．Yet for many teenagers，cellphones and social media are also absolutely necessary tools for planning their social lives，keeping up with schoolwork and staying in touch with out-of-town friends and relatives. How can parents make the most of the constructive uses of screen-based technology while minimizing its harmful effects? “The key is helping kids use technology as a tool，not a toy，where there’s some purpose other than the medication of boredom，” says Jim Taylor，a psychologist and author of the book Raising Generation Tech：Preparing Your Children for a Media-fueled World.Taylor，like many other medical and mental health professionals，advises parents to set limits and stick to them.They should restrict the amount of time their kids spend on devices，create tech-free zones—no cellphones in their bedrooms，for example—and tech-free times，such as at the dinner table，in restaurants and on family outings. Perhaps the best thing you can do is serve as a good role model by exhibiting the same online behavior you expect of your children，says Dr Elias Aboujaoude，a Stanford University psychiatrist.“If parents are breaking their own rules，” Aboujaoude says，“kids cannot be expected to behave differently.” Chad Landgraf,44，of Oklahoma，told me he was worried about how addicted his 12-year-old son and 5-year-old daughter became when they were on their devices.So，hoping to set an example，he switched from e-books to old-fashioned print.“When I had my Kindle or iPad open，they didn’t know if I was reading or surfing the net，” Landgraf says.“But at least if I have a paper copy of a book，they know I am reading.Modeling seems like the easiest way.” 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。孩子过度使用电子设备会带来很多危害，对于这个问题，文章对父母该如何做提出了建议。 5．What may be the result of children’s using digital devices? A．Health improvement. B．Free creation. C．Sleep disorder. D．Good conduct. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“They affect sleep.”可知，孩子使用电子设备可能会导致睡眠紊乱。故选C。 6．What does Jim Taylor advise parents to do? A．Kill time by using screen-based technology. B．Forbid kids using smartphones. C．Set clear boundaries for kids. D．Restrict tech-free family time. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“Taylor，like many other medical and mental health professionals，advises parents to set limits and stick to them.”可知，Jim Taylor建议父母给孩子设定清楚的界限。故选C。 7．Why did Chad pick up old-fashioned print? A．He was afraid of becoming addicted. B．He expected to be a role model. C．He was tired of surfing the net. D．He preferred paper copies of books. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句“So，hoping to set an example，he switched from e-books to old-fashioned print.”可知，Chad捡起传统的印刷版书籍是为了给孩子们树立一个榜样。故选B。 8．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Parenting in a Digital World B．Learning to Be Intelligent Parents C．Using Smart Devices Wisely D．Helping Children Behave Themselves 答案　A 解析　标题归纳题。根据第二段“How can parents make the most of the constructive uses of screen-based technology while minimizing its harmful effects？”可知，文章主要是讲在数字世界里父母应该怎么教育孩子。故选A。 Ⅱ.七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) (2024·江西南昌期中) Chemists have spent the past century trying to make plastics break down in seawater.Most plastics take centuries to fully break down in the ocean. 1 However，this may change.Scientists have designed a new kind of plastic that can break down in seawater within weeks，not decades or more. 2 It is known as polylactide(聚乳酸) or PLA.It’s made by linking many building blocks into a long string.Scientists had hoped PLA would quickly break down in the environment.And in some places it does，but not in seawater.After three years in the ocean，PLA remains largely unchanged. Timo Rhein Berger is a PhD student at the University of Twente in the Netherlands. 3 For part of that work，he became part of a team that just added some biology-inspired breaking points to PLA.They put those breaking points to places where monomers(单体) in the PLA molecules are linked.Then，they soaked(浸泡) their samples in artificial seawater.In this way，they measured how fast the PLA broke down.As the team had hoped，seawater attacked the weakened links between monomers.That could tear the PLA chain apart. 4 When the researchers weakened 15% of PLA’s monomer links，the PLA broke down entirely within just two weeks.When they weakened only 3% of the links，the breakdown took about two years. 5 This can be achieved by adjusting how many weakened links it has. A．Plastics are useful. B．That’s why plastics make up 80% of ocean trash. C．So researchers have much confidence in their efforts. D．His work has focused on speeding PLA’s breakdown. E．Scientists created the now-popular plastic in the 1930s. F．This means the team can design how quickly PLA breaks down in seawater. G．The more breaking points researchers added，the faster the PLA broke down. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了科学家们设计了一种新型塑料，可以在海水中迅速分解。 1．答案　B 解析　根据前文“Most plastics take centuries to fully break down in the ocean.”可知，塑料在海洋中难以分解，这会导致海洋垃圾中塑料占比很高，与B项“这就是为什么塑料占海洋垃圾的80%”上下文一致，故选B。 2．答案　E 解析　根据下文“It is known as polylactide...or PLA.”可知，空处会提到一种塑料，即PLA。E项“科学家在20世纪30年代创造了现在流行的塑料”与下文衔接紧密，下文中的It指代E项中的the now-popular plastic，故选E。 3．答案　D 解析　根据上文“Timo Rhein Berger is a PhD student at the University of Twente in the Netherlands.”可知，本段内容与Timo Rhein Berger有关，结合下文“For part of that work，he became part of a team that just added some biology-inspired breaking points to PLA.”可知，空处应为他的工作。D项“他的工作重点是加速PLA的分解”与上下文一致，His work与For part of that work前后呼应，故选D。 4．答案　G 解析　根据上文“For part of that work，he became part of a team that just added some biology-inspired breaking points to PLA.”与“In this way，they measured how fast the PLA broke down...That could tear the PLA chain apart.”可知，增加突破点能加速PLA分解，G项“研究人员添加的突破点越多，PLA的分解速度就越快”与上下文一致，breaking points为原词复现，符合文意，故选G。 5．答案　F 解析　根据上文“When the researchers weakened 15% of PLA’s monomer links，the PLA broke down entirely within just two weeks.When they weakened only 3% of the links，the breakdown took about two years.”可知，研究团队可以控制PLA的分解速度了，F项“这意味着团队可以设计PLA在海水中分解的速度”与上下文一致，符合文意，故选F。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $