UNIT 2 Section Ⅳ Lesson 3 Getting to the Top（课件PPT）-【步步高】2024-2025学年高二英语选择性必修第一册学习笔记（北师大版）

Section Ⅳ Lesson 3　Getting to the Top SUCCESS UNIT 2 Part 1　课文整体理解 Part 2　长句难句分析 Part 3　语言知识学习 Part 4　语法项目精讲 整体理解 课文 3 Step 1　速读——整体理解文意 Ⅰ.明文章大意 What is the main idea of the passage? A.What it means and takes to get to the top. B.How important it is to push the limits and extremes. C.There was nothing，only medals in the players’ eyes. D.There was no good reason for giving up so much. √ Ⅱ.悉篇章结构 (Paras.1－4) The situation the writer faces Things she 1. as an Olympic athlete Her friends’ 2. about her Her 3. to their worries The 4. she faces on a daily basis (Paras.5－8) The reasons why the writer is successful Born with an enormous amount of 5._______________ ______________ Doing little 6. thing in preparation Being totally 7. to her sport Being 8. to do what might take her to the top gives up worries responses/reactions fears drive and determination extra committed willing Step 2　细读——深度获取细节 1.Why do Olympic athletes challenge themselves to the limits? A.Because they want to win in sport. B.Because their parents force them to do it. C.Because they like it. D.Because they have no friends. √ 2.What’s the reason why the author could have become angry about what her friends said，but she didn’t? A.The reason was that she was unhealthy. B.The reason was that they misunderstood her. C.The reason was that they knew her hardship. D.The reason was that some of what they said were true. √ 3.What’s the main idea of paragraph 5? A.The author’s childhood. B.The author’s inside drive to do the best. C.The author’s sport as a child. D.The author’s swimming experience as a small girl. √ 4.What should a professional athlete be? A.Determined. B.Worried. C.Cheerful. D.Careful. √ Step 3　读后——课文语法填空 As an Olympic athlete，I push 1. (I) to the limits.My friends worried I had no time for fun and was in danger of 2. (leave) with only a world championship medal because of my hard training. To be the top in sport，I have to face enormous fears and worries on a day-to-day 3. (base).I am always tired and every workout has a mental intensity that seems too much for most 4. (handle).I have little time to get together with my families.In France，in order to find a swimming pool to train in，I 5. (ruin) a family holiday. myself being left basis to handle ruined It boils down to this：I was born with 6. enormous amount of drive and determination.7. my childhood，I have always lived my life to extremes. You may think my lifestyle is 8. (healthy) and my preparations are overdone.However，if you want to be an Olympic champion and reach the winner’s platform，you had better be 9._______ (total) committed to your sport.Doing the extra little bit in our preparation sets us apart 10. other competitors.And getting to the top inspires everyone to strive for greatness. 返 回 an Since unhealthy totally from 难句分析 长句 12 1.As one of the Olympic (athlete)，I miss birthday parties，ruin family holidays and skip nights out，but there is a very good reason for ________(give) up so much.(P36 Para.1) 结构分析：此句话为 句。在第一个分句中含有三个并列的 ；在第二个分句中，含有一个固定句型there is a very good reason for...“有一个很好的理由……”。 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ athletes giving 并列 谓语动词 作为一名奥林匹克运动员，我错过生日聚会、破坏家庭旅行、放弃夜晚外出，但是放弃这么多是有合理的理由的。 2.He was worried that I had no longer become fun to train with and that I was in danger of (leave) with only a world championship medal and no one to share it with.(P36 Para.1) 结构分析：此句话为 句，两个that引导 从句；第二个with后有两个宾语 和 ，第二个宾语与后面的不定式构成了with复合结构。 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ being left 复合 并列宾语 a world championship medal no one 他担心和我一起训练不再是一件愉悦的事情，担心我处于只剩下世界冠军的奖牌而无人可以分享的危险境地。 3.I was pushing the limits and (extreme) beyond what most thought were healthy.(P36 Para.2) 结构分析：此句话为 句。what 引导 从句。 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ extremes 复合 宾语 我把极限提升到了大多数人认为超出健康的程度。 4.I think of countless birthday parties and nights out I have missed，ruining a family holiday in France because of the endless search for a swimming pool to train in，almost missing my brother’s wedding because I was too busy (hire) a car in downtown Johannesburg and driving through the “no-go” areas in order to do a group ride the local triathletes.(P36 Para.4) 结构分析：此句话为 句。其中分词短语ruining...和almost missing...作 ；because引导 从句。 hiring with 复合 结果状语 原因状语 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 我想到了曾经错过的无数生日派对和本来可以外出狂欢的夜晚，因为一直寻找可以训练的游泳池，而破坏了一次去法国的全家旅行；为了和当地的铁人三项运动员一起骑行训练，我忙着在约翰内斯堡市中心租车，开车闯过“禁行”区，差点错过哥哥的婚礼。 5.In the words of the British triathlete Alistair Brownlee，even if it means getting (injure)，“I’d prefer (have) three or four outstanding years of winning stuff rather than have ten years of being average.” (P37 Para.7) 结构分析：此句话为 句。句中even if引导 从句，主句为直接引语。 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ injured to have 复合 让步状语 用英国铁人三项运动员阿利斯特尔·布朗利的话来说，即使这意味着受伤，“我也宁愿有三到四年的胜利辉煌，而不选择十年的平庸无为。” 6.Doing what we do as athletes sets us apart because we are willing _______(do) that extra little bit that might take us to the top.(P37 Para.8) 结构分析：此句话为 句。其中what引导 从句，because 引导_________从句，that might take us to the top为 从句。 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ to do 复合 宾语 原因状语 定语 作为运动员，我们所做的事让我们与众不同，因为我们愿意做到那额外的一点点，这可能让我们走向顶峰。 7.It is certainly not a balanced way (live) and it is certainly not normal but those words are generally not used for anyone who is striving for (great).(P37 Para.8) 结构分析：此句话为 句。其中but连接两个 分句，第二个分句中，who引导 从句。 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ to live greatness 并列复合 并列 定语 它当然不是一种平衡的生活方式，也肯定不寻常，但寻常、平衡这些词是不会用来形容追求伟大的人的。 返 回 知识学习 语言 21 1 (1)Don’t strive merely the quantity of production；quality is of vital importance. (2)Every day he has to strive distraction in order to study better. strive strive for为……奋斗；争取…… strive against/with反抗……；与……作斗争 strive to do sth努力做某事 vi.努力；奋斗 for against/with (3)(应用文写作之建议信)不管以前做得多么好，你都应该始终努力取得更大的进步。 You should always ，however well you have done before. 写作佳句 strive to make greater progress • ruin one’s hope/chance毁掉某人的希望/机会 ruin oneself自我毁灭 • in ruins破败不堪；严重受损 vt.毁灭；使破产；糟蹋，毁坏 n.废墟；毁灭 ruin 2 (1)The flood ruined crops in the field，and many buildings lay ruins. (2)The young man is an alcoholic，and he will ruin (he) by drinking too much sooner or later. in himself (3)许多房屋和道路都成了废墟，人们陷入无尽的恐慌之中。(独立主格) ，people were into a limitless panic. 写作佳句 Numerous houses and roads in ruins apply (to...) for...(向……)申请…… apply to适用于；与……有关 apply...to...把……运用到……；把……涂到…… apply oneself to (doing) sth 3 努力；专心致志于(做)某事 (applicant n.申请人 application n.申请，请求；申请书；运用) (1)I applied to the company a position but was rejected by it. (2)The most important thing is that you should apply what you have learned practice. (3)All the have handed in their to take part in the innovation competition.(apply) for to applicants applications (4)(应用文写作之申请信)希望您能考虑我的申请，我相信我不会让您失望的。 Hopefully， and I am sure I won’t let you down. 写作佳句 you can take my application into consideration tell...apart 把……区分开 tear...apart (from)把……撕开；强行使……离开…… fall apart破裂；破碎；崩溃 take...apart将……拆开 使与众不同 set sb/sth apart 4 (1)用apart短语的正确形式填空 ①My niece was obsessed with social networking and her mother couldn’t ______her from the cellphone. ②Ultimately，their country because of political conflicts. ③It is her outstanding performance that her from others. tear apart fell apart sets apart (2)(读后续写之动作链描写)当他看到那个旧钟时，他把它拆开，找出哪里出了问题，然后把整个钟重新组装起来。 When he saw the old clock，he ，found what was wrong，and put the whole thing together again. 写作佳句 took it apart above/below the average高/低于平均水平 on average平均；一般地 adj.平均的；平庸的，普通的 n.平均数；平均水平 average 5 (1)She runs average about 15 miles every day，whatever the circumstances，whatever the weather. on 写作佳句 (2)(2021·全国乙，书面表达)近年来，电子设备的平均数量急剧上升，使我们能够在线学习。 _____________________________________________________in recent years，making it possible for us to study online. The average number of electronic devices has risen sharply the way作先行词的定语从句 6 Call it unhealthy if you want，but that is the way I roll，no matter what it is I’m applying myself to.(P37 Para.5) 你若说这是一种病态也行，但这就是我的做事风格，不管做什么我都会全力以赴。 结构分析：此句话为并列复合句。but连接两个并列分句；第一个分句是祈使句，if引导条件状语从句；第二个分句中含有no matter what引导的让步状语从句，I’m applying myself to是省略关系词的定语从句，修饰what。 the way作先行词时，如果在定语从句中作主语或宾语，用关系代词that/which 引导定语从句；如果定语从句中缺状语，则用that或者in which 引导定语从句，关系词可以省略。 (1)(2022·全国乙，书面表达)坦率地说，有一系列对我们英语学习有益的方法，但是找到最适合你的是非常重要的。 Frankly speaking，there are a wide range of ways ___________________ _______________our English learning，but it is of great significance to find one that suits you best. that/which are of great benefit to (2)我几乎要崩溃了，这时我爸爸想出一个我们能够返回叔叔的农舍的好方法。 I was almost on the edge of breaking down when my dad came up with a good way . (3)你能告诉我你解那道题使用的方法吗？ Can you tell me the way ？ (that/in which) we could return to my uncle’s farmhouse that/which you use to solve the problem 返 回 项目精讲 语法 37 阅读以下短文，感知加颜色部分的句子，并回答其后的问题。 Mr Smith was (1)a teacher from (2)a university.We were of (3)an age.We all liked exploring (4)nature.He was (5)the first foreign teacher I had met.In (6)the 1990s，he and his wife were traveling along (7)the Yangtze River when (8)a ship wrecked.(9)The Smiths came up to help (10)the injured and saved (11)a boy by catching him by (12)the arm.The boy’s parents said they were (13)the kindest people in (14)the world.They would remember (15)the couple forever. 语境感悟 1.不定冠词通常表示不确定，即 。a用在发音以 开头的单词前面，如句(1)(2)(8)(11)；an用在发音以 开头的单词前，如句(3)。 2.定冠词一般表示确定，即 ，如句(5)(6)(7)(9)(10)(12)(13)(14)(15)。 3.有些名词前既不用定冠词，也不用不定冠词，称作 ，如句(4)。 泛指 辅音音素 元音音素 特指 零冠词 语法精讲 冠词 冠词是一个虚词，它置于名词之前，限定名词的意义。冠词可分为定冠词、不定冠词和零冠词三类。 一、不定冠词的用法 1.不定冠词泛指某一类人或物中的任何一个，也可表示数量“一”或价钱、时间、速度等的“每一”。 Polar bears live mostly on sea ice，which they use as a platform for hunting seals. 北极熊大多数生活在海冰上，它们将海冰作为捕捉海豹的平台。 Dr.Spence told us，“A fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge.” 思本斯博士告诉我们：“这里五分之一的学生在牛津大学和剑桥大学继续学习。” 2.用于序数词前表示“又一”“再一”。 He missed the gold medal in the high jump，but will get a second chance in the long jump. 他在跳高比赛中错失了金牌，但是在跳远比赛中将得到再一次机会。 3.用于具体化的抽象名词前或由动词转化而来的名词前。 Being able to afford a drink would be a comfort in those tough times. 在那些艰苦的日子里，能够买一瓶饮料也是件令人宽慰的事。 4.用于不可数名词前，表示“一阵，一场，一份”等。 All of a sudden，there was an extremely loud knock outside.突然，门外有人大声敲门。 5.用于专有名词前，相当于a certain，意为“某个” “一个”。 The house next door has been bought by a Mr Brown. 隔壁的房子被一位布朗先生买走了。 6.用在一些固定短语中 as a result结果 as a whole总体上 at a loss不知所措 in a way在某种程度上 in a word总之 in a hurry匆忙 二、定冠词的用法 1.特指某些人或物(包括上文提到过的人或物)以及谈话双方都知道的人或物。 They chose Tom to be the captain of the team because they knew he was a smart leader. 他们选汤姆做团队的队长，因为他们知道他是一位智慧的领导。 2.用在世界上独一无二的事物名词前。 The boy didn’t reply，staring at the stars in the sky and continuing playing the violin. 男孩没有回应，只是看着天空中的星星继续拉小提琴。 3.用于形容词、副词最高级，序数词或方位词之前。 It was the first time that the cities in the south of the country had experienced the heaviest rainfall. 这是该国南部的城市第一次经历最严重的降雨。 4.用于姓氏的复数名词前表示一家人。 The Reads went to California to seek their fortune in the 1870s. 里德一家于19世纪70年代去加利福尼亚州闯荡。 5.用于单数名词前表示类别。 The lion is a fierce animal，which is also in danger of dying out. 狮子是一种凶猛的动物，它也有灭绝的危险。 6.用在形容词或形容词化的过去分词前，表示一类人或物。 It is reported that the injured have been sent to the hospital.据报道，伤者已被送往医院。 Actually the rich are not always happier than the poor. 事实上，富人不总是比穷人幸福。 7.用于西洋乐器名词前。 She had just finished her homework when her mother asked her to practice playing the piano. 她刚写完作业，妈妈就让她练钢琴。 8.用于整十复数数词或表示年代、世纪、朝代的词前。 Since the 1990s，studying abroad has been a fashion. 20世纪90年代以来，出国留学已成为一种潮流。 It is said that the old building dates back to the Ming Dynasty.这座古建筑据说可以追溯到明代。 9.用于表示江河海洋的名词前。 the Changjiang/Yangtze River长江 the Red Sea红海 10.在有些词组中，有冠词和无冠词的意思不同，请注意区别： in front of 在……前面 in the front of在……范围内的前部 in hospital(生病)住院 in the hospital在医院里 三、零冠词的用法 1.表示泛指的不可数名词或可数名词复数前不用冠词。 Snow was falling when I woke up in the early morning. 我一大清早醒来，天正在下雪。 2.球类运动、棋类游戏等名词前不用冠词。 I like playing baseball.What about you? 我喜欢打棒球，你呢？ 3.作表语、补语、同位语的职位名词前不用冠词。 They elected Henry president of the society because of his great ability. 他们选举亨利为社团主席是由于他出众的能力。 I’m Li Ming，chairman of the school Student Council. 我是李明，校学生会主席。 4.非特指的季节、月份、星期及三餐等名词前不用冠词。 The workers will have to complete the project by the end of June. 工人们必须在六月底完成该项目。 We’re going to hold a party.Won’t you stay for lunch，Mr William? 我们要举办一次聚会。威廉先生，您会留下吃午餐吗？ 5.一些表示地点的名词，如：bed，school，hospital，home，work等，当人们在这些地方做应该做的事时，不加冠词。 go home回家 go to school去上学 go to bed睡觉 in hospital住院 go to work上班 注意：如果在上述词组中加上定冠词the，可以表示去这些场所做其他的事情。如： He came to the school to speak to the headmaster. 他来学校和校长谈话。 His mother is in hospital and he has been in the hospital to take care of her. 他妈妈生病住院了，他就一直在医院里面照顾她。 6.用在一些固定短语中 at present目前　at risk处于危险中 by hand用手工　by weight按重量 by chance偶然　by plane乘飞机 by mistake错误地　in trouble在困境中 in need需要　in advance提前 under repair在修理中　lose heart灰心 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.With limited time left，the senior 3 student has to strive to be admitted to university. 2.Many people got injured in accident but fortunately，nobody was killed. 3.I rushed back to dormitory for him，only to find he had left. 4.We keep a cat and two dogs. cat is black and the dogs are white. 5. biggest whale is the blue whale，which grows to be about 29 meters long and the height of 8-story building. 达标检测 a the the The The an 6.To his surprise，his opponent is not opposed to giving him second chance. 7.He not only is the best student in our class，but also has excellent sense of humour. 8.I was reading a novel attentively when my English teacher patted me on _____ head. 9.She stayed up until 11：30 pm one evening on purpose just to see _____ moonlight. a an the the 10.One thing we can do to help solve this problem is walk or use bicycle when possible. a Ⅱ.完成句子 1.教授犯了一个可怕的错误，几乎毁了他的职业生涯。 The professor made ，which almost ruined his career. 2.看到他在舞台上完美地弹钢琴，我从心底感到自豪。 Seeing him on the platform，I felt proud from the bottom of my heart. 3.她很快意识到这可能是因为她坐在最后一排。 She quickly realized that it was probably because of the fact that _______ _______________. a terrible mistake playing the piano perfectly she sat in the last row 4.因此，他们与周围人的交流变得越来越少。 ，their communication with people around them becomes less and less. 5.音乐在我的生活中扮演着如此重要的角色，以至于我只要有空就听。 Music in my life that I listen to it whenever I can. As a result plays such an important part/role Ⅲ.用恰当的冠词完成下列语段 On 1. extremely warm day，I looked at 2. window and saw 3.___ bird perching in 4. tree.I kept watching it but it didn’t see me.5._____ bird looked beautiful.Suddenly 6. cat appeared and 7.____ bird got frightened.It seemed as if the bird was in 8. danger.However，it turned out that I shouldn’t have been worried about it.It had flown away swiftly before 9. cat drew near.What 10. unforgettable day！ an the a the The a the / the an 返 回 本课结束 $