主题语境提分练23 人与社会之社会热点问题(二)-【百强名校168优化组合卷】2026年高考英语高三二轮复习卷

主题语境提分练二十三　人与社会之社会热点问题(二) 分值:42.5分 Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分,共30分) (2022·全国乙卷) The Government's sugar tax on soft drinks has brought in half as much money as Ministers first predicted it would generate,the first official data on the policy has shown. First announced in April,2016,the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml,was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity(肥胖).It is believed that today's children and teenagers are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar,putting them at a higher risk of the disease. Initially the sugar tax was expected to make ￡520m a year for the Treasury.However,data of the first six months showed it would make less than half this amount.At present it is expected to generate ￡240m for the year ending in April 2019,which will go to school sports. It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers(制造商) so they can avoid paying the tax.Drinks now contain 45 million fewer kilos of sugar as a result of manufacturers' efforts to avoid the charge,according to Treasury figures.Since April drinks companies have been forced to pay between 18p and 24p for every litre of sugary drink they produce or import,depending on the sugar content. However,some high sugar brands,like Classic Coca Cola,have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers.Fruit juices,milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax,as are small companies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year. Today's figures,according to one government official,show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities(设施) and healthier eating in schools.Helping the next generation to have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance,and the industry is playing its part. 1.Why was the sugar tax introduced? To collect money for schools. To improve the quality of drinks. To protect children's health. To encourage research in education. 2.How did some drinks companies respond to the sugar tax? They turned to overseas markets. They raised the prices of their products. They cut down on their production. They reduced their products' sugar content. 3.From which of the following is the sugar tax collected? Most alcoholic drinks. Milk-based drinks. Fruit juices. Classic Coke. 4.What can be inferred about the adoption of the sugar tax policy? It is a short-sighted decision. It is a success story. It benefits manufacturers. It upsets customers. (2021·北京卷) I remember the day during our first week of class when we were informed about our semester (学期) project of volunteering at a non-profit organization.When the teacher introduced us to the different organizations that needed our help,my last choice was Operation Iraqi Children (OIC).My first impression of the organization was that it was not going to make enough of a difference with the plans I had in mind. Then,an OIC representative gave us some details,which somewhat interested me.After doing some research, I believed that we could really do something for those kids.When I went online to the OIC website,I saw pictures of the Iraqi children.Their faces were so powerful in sending a message of their despair (绝望) and need that I joined this project without hesitation.We decided to collect as many school supplies as possible,and make them into kits—one kit,one child. The most rewarding day for our group was project day,when all the efforts we put into collecting the items finally came together.When I saw the various supplies we had collected,it hit me that every kit we were to build that day would eventually be in the hands of an Iraqi child.Over the past four months,I had never imagined how I would feel once our project was completed.While making the kits,I realized that I had lost sight of the true meaning behind it.I had only focused on the fact that it was another school project and one I wanted to get a good grade on.When the kits were completed,and ready to be sent overseas,the warm feeling I had was one I would never forget.  In the beginning,I dared myself to make a difference in the life of another person.Now that our project is over,I realize that I have affected not only one life,but ten.With our efforts,ten young boys and girls will now be able to further their education. 5.How did the author feel about joining the OIC project in the beginning? It would affect his/her initial plans. It would involve traveling overseas. It would not bring him/her a good grade. It would not live up to his/her expectations. 6.What mainly helped the author change his/her attitude toward the project? Images of Iraqi children. Research by his/her classmates. A teacher's introduction. A representative's comments. 7.The author's OIC project group would help ten Iraqi children to 　　　　.  become OIC volunteers further their education study in foreign countries influence other children 8.What can we conclude from this passage? One's potential cannot always be underrated. First impression cannot always be trusted. Actions speak louder than words. He who hesitates is lost. (2020·新高考Ⅱ卷) Rainforests are home to a rich variety of medicinal plants,food, birds and animals.Can you believe that a single bush (灌木丛) in the Amazon may have more species of ants than the whole of Britain! About 480 varieties of trees may be found in just one hectare of rainforest. Rainforests are the lungs of the planet—storing vast quantities of carbon dioxide and producing a significant amount of the world's oxygen.Rainforests have their own perfect system for ensuring their own survival; the tall trees make a canopy (树冠层) of branches and leaves which protect themselves, smaller plants, and the forest animals from heavy rain, intense dry heat from the sun and strong winds. Amazingly, the trees grow in such a way that their leaves and branches, although close together, never actually touch those of another tree.Scientists think this is the plants' way to prevent the spread of any tree diseases and make life more difficult for leaf-eating insects like caterpillars. To survive in the forest,animals must climb, jump or fly across the gaps.The ground floor of the forest is not all tangled leaves and bushes, like in films, but is actually fairly clear.It is where dead leaves turn into food for the trees and other forest life. They are not called rainforests for nothing! Rainforests can generate 75% of their own rain.At least 80 inches of rain a year is normal—and in some areas there may be as much as 430 inches of rain annually.This is real rain—your umbrella may protect you in a shower, but it won't keep you dry if there is a full rainstorm.In just two hours, streams can rise ten to twenty feet.The humidity (湿气) of large rainforests contributes to the formation of rainclouds that may travel to other countries in need of rain. 9.What can we learn about rainforests from the first paragraph? They produce oxygen. They cover a vast area. They are well managed. They are rich in wildlife. 10.Which of the following contributes most to the survival of rainforests? Heavy rains. Big trees. Small plants. Forest animals. 11.Why do the leaves and branches of different trees avoid touching each other? For more sunlight. For more growing space. For self-protection. For the detection of insects. 12.What can be a suitable title for the text? Life-Giving Rainforests The Law of the Jungle Animals in the Amazon Weather in Rainforests Ⅱ.七选五(每小题2.5分,共12.5分) (2024·北京卷) If you want to develop maximum credibility (可信性), is it better to be a hedgehog (刺猬) or a fox? According to Isaiah Berlin, the hedgehog knows one thing very well, and the fox knows a lot of things. Is there a clear advantage of one style over the other? Hedgehog thinkers tend to answer yes.　1　 And they are usually very credible in doing so.According to Jim Hart, the “hedgehog concept” is one of the factors that lead companies to greatness. They focus on one thing and do it really well.They figure out what they are good at.　2　 The hedgehog concept makes perfect sense for companies.  　3　 Philip Tate has studied the track records of those folks on the Sunday talk shows who make predictions about what will happen.He has found that hedgehogs are not only wrong more often than foxes, but that they are less likely to recognise or admit that they are wrong when events do not match their predictions.  The advantage that foxes have is that they are more likely to seek out new information from a broader range of sources, and are comfortable with uncertainty and new information.　4　 They try to include it in their viewpoint rather than to exclude it from their thinking.They also have a clearer estimation of what they know and don't know.  So, which is better? The question can be answered in a foxy hedgehog style.　5　 The choice between being a hedgehog or a fox is a false trade-off.The most effective way to go through life is to try to be that rare mixture known as foxy hedgehog.  A.In other words, there are clear advantages for each. B.They are more likely to remember people's mistakes. C.Hence, they have the advantage of clarity and confidence. D.But there can be a downside to concentration on one big thing. E.However, hedgehogs remain open to others' reactions and inputs. F.When something is contradictory to their view, they don't treat it as exceptional. G.They come down squarely on one side or the other and fully support their position. 1.　　　　　　 2.　　　　　　 3.　　　　　　 4.　　　　　　 5.　　　　　　 词汇积累 A ①be free of免于 ②一词多义:charge n.收费(文义);指控;负责,管理v.收费;指控;猛冲;给……充电 B ①派生词:non-profit (non+profit) adj.非营利的 ②派生词:rewarding (reward+ing) adj.值得的 C ①派生词:formation (form+ation) n.形成;构成 七选五 ①派生词:greatness (great+ness) n.伟大;崇高 ②派生词:foxy (fox+y) adj.狡猾的 难句剖析 B When I saw the various supplies we had collected,it hit me that every kit we were to build that day would eventually be in the hands of an Iraqi child. 本句是主从复合句。句中When引导时间状语从句,it作形式主语,that引导的从句作真正的主语,we were to build that day为定语从句,修饰先行词every kit。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $多学科网书城画 品牌书店·知名教辅·正版资源 b.ZxXk.c0m○ 您身边的互联网+教辅专家 主题语境提分练二十三 【.【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了英国政府通过对软饮料征收糖税来解决儿童以 及青少年的健康问题，同时该收入用于学校体育设施建设和健康饮食。 l.C[细节理解题。根据第二段中的关键词childhood obesity(肥胖)和a higher risk of the disease' 可知征收糖税的目的是保护儿童健康。] 2.D[细节理解题。根据第四段首句It comes after more than.they can avoid paying the tax.可知，一 些饮料公司通过降低产品的含糖量来避税。] 3.D[推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的However,some high sugar brands.are free of the tax.可 知，糖税税源主要来自经典可口可乐这些高糖品牌。果汁、奶类饮品和大多数含酒精饮品免征糖税。 ] 4.B推理判断题。根据最后一段中Today's figures..and healthier eating in schools.可推断，糖税政 策的实施是一个成功的举措。] 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者一开始认为加入伊拉克儿童行动项目不 会达到他的期望，但是最后通过努力对自己和他人带来影响，说明第一印象不总是可信的。 5.D[细节理解题。根据第一段When the teacher introduced us to.with the plans I had in mind.可 知，一开始作者认为加入伊拉克儿童行动项目不会达到他的期望，故选D项。] 6.A[细节理解题。根据第二段When I went online to the..this project without hesitation..可知，伊拉 克儿童图片帮助作者改变了他对这个项目的态度，故选A项。] 7.B[细节理解题。根据最后一段Now that our project is.be able to further their education..可知，作 者的伊拉克儿童行动组织帮助十个伊拉克儿童继续接受教育，故选B项。] 8.B[推理判断题。根据第一段My first impression of the organization was that it was not going to make enough of a difference with the plans I had in mind.和最后一段n the beginning,I dared myself to..to further their education.可知，开始作者认为加入伊拉克儿童行动不会达到他的期望，但是最 后通过努力对自己和他人带来影响，说明第一印象不总是可信的，故选B项。] 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。热带雨林不仅是各种植物和动物的家园，还是地球的肺”一 雨林储存大量的二氧化碳，并产生大量的氧气。为防止疾病和虫害，虽然树与树的叶子和树枝距离很 近但并不相连。热带雨林的湿气也有益于一些需要雨的国家。 独家授权侵权必究 学科网书城四 品牌书店·知名教辅·正版资源 b.zxxk.com 您身边的互联网+教辅专家 9.D [细节理解题。根据第一段第一、二句Rainforests are home to a rich variety of..than the whole of Britain!可知，热带雨林是各种药用植物、鸟类和动物的家园；亚马刊孙热带雨林的一处灌木丛里的 蚂蚁种类可能比整个英国的蚂蚁种类都多。据此可知，热带雨林里有丰富的野生生物。] 10.B[细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，热带雨林自身有很好的生存系统：高大的树木用树枝 和叶子组成树冠，保护自己、较小的植物和雨林动物免受大雨的击打和酷热。据此可知，大树的作用 最大。] 11.C推理判断题。根据第三段第二句可知，不同的树的树枝和树叶不连接，这可以防止任何树木 疾病的传播，并使毛虫等以树叶为食的昆虫的生活更加困难。据此可知，这是雨林中树的自我保护方 式。] l2.A[标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章第一句Rainforests are home to a rich variety of medicinal plants,food,birds and animals.为全文的主题句，结合下文内容可知，热带雨林不仅是各种植物和动物 的家园，还是地球的肺”一雨林储存大量的二氧化碳，并产生大量的氧气；热带雨林还能自我保 护一为防止疾病和虫害，虽然树与树的叶子和树枝距离很近，但并不相连热带雨林的湿气也有益 于一些需要雨的国家。故A项最适合作本文标题。] Ⅱ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了拥有刺猬型思维方式和狐狸型思维方 式的两类人对于个人和企业建立信誉度的优劣势： l.G[根据上文Hedgehog thinkers tend to answer yes..可知，拥有猬型思维方式的人倾向于给出 肯定的答案，G项中They指代上文中的Hedgehog,G项他们明确地站在一边或另一边，并全力支持 自己的立场说明拥有刺猬型思维方式的人往往有明确的立场，承接上文符合语境，故选G项。] 2.C[根据上文They focus on one thing and do it really well.They figure out what they are good at..可 知，拥有刺猬型思维方式的人具备优点，他们可以专注于一件事并知道自己擅长什么。C项因此， 他们的优势是（头脑）清楚和自信进一步说明拥有刺猬型思维方式的人的优点，承接上文，符合语境， 故选C项。] 3.D[根据下文He has found that hedgehogs are.match their predictions..可知，此处介绍拥有刺猬' 型思维方式的人的缺点。D项但是把注意力集中在一件大事上可能会有不利的一面引出下文， 介绍拥有刺猬型思维方式的人具备缺点符合语境，故选D项。] 4.F[根据上文The advantage that foxes have is..with uncertainty and new information.和下文They try to include it in their viewpoint rather than to exclude it from their thinking.可知，此处介绍拥有狐狸 独家授权侵权必究 多学科网书城画 品牌书店·知名教辅·正版资源 b.zxxk.com 您身边的互联网+教辅专家 型思维方式的人处理事情的方式。F项当某件事与他们的观点相矛盾时，他们不会把它当作例外” 承上启下，符合语境，故选F项。] 5.A[根据上文The question can be answered in a foxy hedgehog style.和下文The choice between being a hedgehog or a fox is a false trade-off.,可知，拥有刺猬型思维方式的人和拥有狐狸型思维 方式的人各有优势。A项换句话说，两者都有其明显的优势”承上启下，符合语境，故选A项。] ·独家授权侵权必究