专题08 动词的现在时态（培优专练）（全国通用）2027年高考英语一轮复习高效培优系列

**基本信息** 以“方法提炼—分层训练—情境应用”为主线，构建动词现在时态解题体系，融合高考真题与新情境，提升语言运用能力与跨文化理解。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |真题·命题感知|3道高考真题|三步法（时间状语识别—语境逻辑判断—主谓一致/被动检查）、现在完成时信号词定位法、现在进行时四步法|从基础用法到复杂时态（一般现在→现在完成→现在进行→现在完成进行），形成递进式知识链| |进阶·强化演练|4考点20题（含非遗/科技情境）|结合新情境巩固时态标志词与语境辨析，强化瞬间动词转换等易错点|按“基本用法—核心考点—易错突破”逻辑编排，覆盖时态核心考法| |拔高·模拟预测|3题型（语法填空/完形/阅读）|在语篇中综合运用时态知识，提升语境化解题能力|通过真实语篇实现从单句到语篇的能力迁移，呼应高考命题趋势|

专题08 动词的现在时态 目 录 真题·命题感知 1 进阶·强化演练 3 拔高·模拟预测 9 真题·命题感知 1.（2026·全国II卷·高考真题）In tai chi, the dan tian is your qi core, and qi in Chinese means life force. Now, I (suppose) to feel the weight on my legs and sink my dan tian. 解题方法 第一步：先找时间状语，这是最直接的线索。 时间状语往往直接决定了该用什么时态。比如：如果出现 often, usually, always, sometimes, every day, every week, on Mondays 这类词，表示经常性或习惯性动作，对应一般现在时。如果出现 now, right now, at the moment, nowadays, these days, currently, at present 这类词，表示“现在”或“当前阶段”，对应现在进行时。如果出现 look, listen 这样的提示词，往往也是现在进行时，因为提示现场正在发生。如果出现 already, yet, ever, never, since, for, recently, so far, up to now 这类词，对应现在完成时。 第二步：看语境是“陈述客观事实”还是“正在发生/变化”。如果没有明显的时间状语，就要靠语境来判断：如果句子是在描述一个客观规律、科学事实、长期习惯或固定安排，那就用一般现在时。如果句子强调“现阶段正在发生的转变”“正在进行的动作”或“当前的一种趋势”，那就用现在进行时。还要注意一些动词本身带有“渐变”含义，比如 change, become, emerge, increase, develop, grow，它们经常和现在进行时连用，表示“正在逐渐变得……”。 第三步：检查主谓一致和主动/被动关系： 先看主语是单数还是复数。单数主语（如 he, she, it或单数名词）在一般现在时中动词要加 -s 或 -es；复数主语动词用原形。现在进行时中，单数用 is，复数用 are。 再看主语是动作的执行者还是承受者。如果主语是“被做”的对象，就要用被动语态。 2.（2026·北京卷·高考真题）So far, this model (produce) well-known universities, but it is now challenged by the digitalisation of society, which allows everybody (who) is connected to the Internet to access learning resources. 解题方法 现在完成时是英语语法中的“老大难”，但也是高考的必考点。其实它的核心逻辑很简单：连接过去和现在。 第一步：找“信号词”（80%的题靠这步） 看到以下关键词，直接锁定现在完成时：for +时间段 (for 3 years)；since +过去时间/过去时从句；already (肯定句，放中间或句尾)、yet (否定/疑问句，放句尾)；ever (曾经), never (从未), just (刚刚), recently / lately (最近)；so far / up to now / till now (到目前为止)；in the past/last +时间段 (in the past 5 years)；次数 (once, twice, three times...)。 第二步：辨“用法”（考语境理解） 如果没有信号词，就看句意强调的是现在的结果还是过去的经历：1.强调过去动作对现在的影响（结果性）：动作已结束，但结果现在还能看到。2.强调从过去持续到现在的动作（持续性）：动作一直没停。3.强调过去的经历（阅历性）：人生中有过某次经历。 第三步：排“雷区”（丢分重灾区） 1. 瞬间动词（终止性动词）不能接“一段时间”，如die, join, buy, borrow, leave, arrive, begin 等动词不能和 for/since 连用。常见转换清单：buy→have / has had (持有)；borrow→have / has kept (保留)；join→have / has been in或have / has been a member of (成为成员)；leave→have / has been away (离开)；marry→have / has been married (已婚)。 2. have been to与have gone to的混淆：have / has been to：去过某地（已回来，人在说话地)；have / has gone to：去了某地（还没回来，人在路上或目的地）。 3. 与一般过去时的纠缠：有具体过去时间（yesterday, last year, in 2010, 3 days ago）→用一般过去时；没有具体时间，强调影响或经历→用现在完成时。 3.（2025·全国I卷·高考真题阅读改编）“Hello, how is your day?” Even when the line __________ (get) longer, she doesn’t let it get in the way of her genuine conversations. 解题方法 现在进行时解题“四步法” 第一步：找“时间标志词”——最直接的方法：now / right now / at the moment，表示此刻正在发生。Listen / Look，提示你注意正在进行的动作。today / this week，当它们表示当前阶段时，说明这段时间正在做某事。still，表示仍然还在做。 第二步：看上下文——动作是否在持续或变化中：1.动作是正在发生的，也就是肉眼可见或者当下场景里正在进行的。2.动作是近期一段时间内持续在做的。3.动作是逐渐变化的过程。 第三步：检查主语，确定用哪个be动词：现在进行时的结构是“be动词+动词ing形式”。be动词有三个选择am, is, are。 第四步：排除“一般现在时”的干扰——这是最容易错的地方：一般现在时用来表示习惯性动作、客观事实或规律。现在进行时用来表示此刻正在发生、现阶段正在进行或者正在变化中的动作。 进阶·强化演练 考点01 一般现在时的基本用法 1.【新情境·非遗文化——苏绣】（2026·浙江宁波·模拟预测）Wu noted that embroidery (require) slow and calm creation, much like meditation (冥想), (and) he hoped the exhibition would enhance its global recognition. 2.（2026·浙江杭州·三模）In his view, the lively atmosphere of Guangzhou’s tea houses (echo) the social function of Irish pubs. 3.（25-26高三下·湖北十堰·阶段检测）The round table (associate) with tuanyuan, meaning reunion and completeness, especially during festivals such as the Mid-Autumn Festival. 4.（2026·湖北襄阳·模拟预测）Daoism, formed in the 6th century BC, (believe) humans should live in harmony with nature’s Dao — the natural flow of life. 5.（2026·湖南长沙·三模）In this way, Spring Festival (remain) deeply rooted in China while reaching ___ (a) wider world. 6.（2026·江苏扬州·模拟预测）Whether it’s for weddings, festivals, birthdays, (or) business gifting, these boxes offer a rich visual appeal that (enhance) the perceived value of any gift. 7.（2026·江苏·二模）At the opening reception, a Chinese Ambassador to Britain said, “Orchids __________ (cherish) in both countries and in Chinese culture, orchids are (traditionally) among the ‘Four Gentlemen of Flowers’, symbolizing integrity, resilience and a noble character.” 8.（2026·江苏南通·模拟预测）One good example is Henan’s “Central-China Agricultural Valley” project, which __________ (equip) with monitoring stations and satellites. 9.（2026·江苏南京·模拟预测）As developers (charge) per token (词元), token consumption acts not only as a (reliable) measure for the popularity of different AI models (but) a competitive pricing battleground for top technology companies worldwide. 10.（2026·浙江宁波·三模）This story exemplifies the kite’s unexpected potential as a simple yet potent tool for overcoming complex engineering hurdles, proving that innovation often (spring) from unassuming origins. 考点02 现在完成时的基本用法 1.（2027·江苏南京·一模）For thousands of years, China (encounter) challenges from other cultures, and the Chinese people have absorbed the best from outside while delicately (transforming) foreign elements to suit Chinese traditions. 2.（2026·江苏·一模）This simple daily ritual (become) a beloved cultural symbol, representing comfort and the beauty of slow living. 3.（2026·浙江宁波·三模）Over the years, Wang (compose) more than 6,000 poems, and his work has been translated into several languages and published in five countries. 4.（2026·浙江杭州·三模）His tea habits (undergo) a quiet transformation over the years. In Ireland, black tea is typically served with milk and sugar. 5.（25-26高三上·福建福州·阶段检测）Since ancient times, locals (recognize) its potential as a high-quality natural weaving material, (prized) for the vine’s lightness, breath ability and remarkable durability. 6.（2026·江苏无锡·三模）“New Chinese Style” is not new in China. It emerged at the start of the 21st century, gained strength around 2015, and (be) on an upward trend since 2021. 7.（2026·浙江宁波·模拟预测）Great value (place) on texture (口感) and original flavors since ancient times. 8.（2026·浙江宁波·三模）To date his travels across China (shift) his understanding of tea from pursuing perfection to appreciating diversity. 考点03 现在进行时的基本用法 1.（25-26高三上·浙江丽水·期末）Recently reverse tourism (pop) up as a new trend in China. 2.（2026·山东济南·模拟预测）We seem to have too much attachment to data accessible on those devices. ___ (But) is it a good thing that we (rely) on technology more often than not, recording every step we take? 3.（2026·山东·模拟预测）Nowadays, smart agriculture (change) traditional farming. In many rural regions, modern greenhouses with digital systems allow farmers to monitor crops from their smartphones. 4.（25-26高三下·湖南株洲·阶段检测）China’s intangible cultural heritage workshops, which (prove) to be powerful forces for rural revitalization, have preserved traditional crafts, created jobs and boosted local economies, with over 11,000 such workshops in operation according to official data. 考点04 现在完成进行时的基本用法 1.（2026·湖南长沙·三模）Since the national rural revitalization (振兴) strategy was launched, the local government __________ (encourage) farmers to move away from traditional farming methods and embrace modern agricultural techniques. 2.（25-26高三上·福建厦门·阶段检测）Her fascination with Chinese medicine (grow) even more since she moved to China over twelve years ago. 3.（2026·湖南株洲·一模）“The last two years have been kind of supercharged,” says Gavin Schmidt, a climate scientist. Temperatures (climb) at a quicker pace, and “2023 and 2024 stand out.” 拔高·模拟预测 一、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Passage 1 【新情境·青花瓷历史】（25-26高三下·湖南衡阳·期中） Blue-and-white porcelain (青花瓷), a product of 1 (share) creativity, tells a story of how East and West craftsmanship harmonized. In the Yuan Dynasty, Persian merchants brought special pigments (颜料) to Jingdezhen, where porcelain traditions 2 (perfect). Local craftsmen mixed these pigments with white clay, creating the iconic blue patterns. By painting traditional Chinese designs using foreign materials, they achieved a perfect 3 (combine) of traditions. Over the centuries, this technique steadily advanced. During the Ming Dynasty, porcelain became a major export. European 4 (noble) loved its unique charm, calling it “white gold”. To meet their needs, Chinese artists added European elements like rose patterns to traditional landscapes, making the porcelain more appealing 5 westerners. Modern artists still use these old techniques in creative ways. At 6 London show in 2025, a young maker used 3D printers 7 (shape) vases but hand-painted them with dragons and Greek myths side by side. Visitors said it felt like ancient China meeting modern Europe through hybrid art. Today, this global dialogue continues in museums worldwide. A Ming-era dish that once belonged to a French King 8 (sit) in the Louvre. Its journey from Jingdezhen to the Palace of Versailles, marked by countless hands across continents, reflects how beauty goes beyond borders. 9 Craig Clunas noted, “The blue that fascinates the world is never 10 (mere) a color — it is a language.” Passage 2 （26-27高三上·浙江宁波·开学考试） On a December afternoon in 2025, a foreign couple visiting Qianlingshan Park in Guiyang faced an unexpected dilemma. Their baby’s stroller (手推车) could not 1 (take) onto the cable car. Without hesitation, they entrusted their child to a park security guard, 2 timely help drew admiration from fellow visitors. This incident sparked lively online discussion, with many netizens 3 (view) the act as highlighting the trust and care that form the 4 (found) of China’s approach to public safety. Garima, who had traveled across China, 5 (vivid) described the security measures that made her feel at home: “Subway stations have security checks at every entrance, a visible sign of China’s commitment to public safety.” 6 impressed her most was the widespread presence of security cameras, and the friendliness of police officers. “They’re always willing 7 (help) when I have questions,” she said. Having personally experienced the warm and friendly community atmosphere, Sharma believes China’s model demonstrates that advanced technology does not have to come 8 the cost of personal liberty. Instead, it can enable 9 unique kind of round-the-clock security and social ease. Over the past 5 years, from bustling cities to remote villages, he 10 (encounter) a consistent willingness among people to assist strangers, a sense of social trust that transforms into genuine warmth. 二、完形填空 （25-26高三下·湖南衡阳·期中）Last year, Ms. Lopez, a math teacher in California, faced a familiar 1 : how to meet the needs of 30 students with different learning paces. Some struggled with basic equations, while others, clearly bored 2 for more challenging problems. Then she tried an AI tutoring tool, and everything began to 3 . The AI system starts by assessing each student’s 4 through a short quiz. For 12-year-old Mia, who had always feared math, it 5 lessons with cartoon characters and real-life examples about baking — her favorite hobby. “I finally understand fractions because I’m calculating how much sugar to use,” she said. For advanced learners like Jake, it 6 complex problems on space exploration, linking math to his love of astronomy. Ms. Lopez was 7 by how the AI freed her from repetitive grading. “I now have time to work one-on-one with students who need extra 8 ,” she explained. But the tool isn’t without 9 . Some students got distracted by the AI’s game-like features, and others 10 the human connection of traditional teaching. Experts say such 11 reflect the broader challenges of integrating AI into education. Dr. Chen, a digital education researcher, notes that AI should be a “support, not a 12 .” His team’s study found that classrooms using AI effectively maintained a balance: teachers focused on emotional support, while AI handled skill-building. For Ms. Lopez’s class, the 13 has been positive. Math scores have risen by 15% in six months, and more students now 14 raising their hands. “AI didn’t replace me,” she said. “It gave me the 15 to be a better teacher.” 1. A. dilemma B. standard C. record D. deadline 2. A. waited B. begged C. prepared D. competed 3. A. disappear B. repeat C. fail D. change 4. A. personality B. health C. ability D. curiosity 5. A. replaced B. delivered C. purchased D. translated 6. A. hid B. avoided C. created D. solved 7. A. confused B. disappointed C. relaxed D. surprised 8. A. attention B. money C. food D. space 9. A. instructions B. benefits C. limitations D. regulations 10. A. valued B. forgot C. doubted D. ignored 11. A. dreams B. problems C. stories D. goals 12. A. barrier B. target C. replacement D. tool 13. A. experience B. experiment C. journey D. exam 14. A. miss B. regret C. mind D. enjoy 15. A. excuse B. freedom C. duty D. pressure 三、阅读理解 Passage A （26-27高三上·浙江宁波·开学考试） Outstanding Female Physicists in Modern History Chien-Shiung Wu (1912-1997, Chinese-American) She was a top nuclear physicist. At 44, she did the “Wu Experiment” (1956), proving parity violation (宇称不守恒) — particles don’t act the same in mirror images. This helped two male scientists win the Nobel Prize. She taught at Columbia University, guided many students, and earned the Wolf Prize in Physics (1978). Marie Curie (1867-1934, Polish-French) She was the only person to win the Nobel Prizes in two sciences (Physics 1903, Chemistry 1911). Born in Poland, she worked in France. With her husband, she discovered polonium (1898, named after Poland) and radium at 31. She studied radioactivity, used it in early cancer treatment, and helped make X-ray machines for World War I hospitals. Rosalind Franklin (1920-1958, British) A 31-year-old biophysicist, she took “Photo 51” (1952) — the first clear X-ray picture of DNA. This image was key for Watson and Crick to figure out DNA’s double-helix structure. She also studied coal and viruses, but died young at 37 from illness linked to her work. Lise Meitner (1878-1968, Austrian-Swedish) She was a Jewish physicist who fled Austria to Sweden in 1938 (age 60). With Otto Hahn, she discovered nuclear fission (核裂变) — splitting atoms to release huge energy. She named “fission” and explained how it works, though Hahn alone got the 1944 Nobel. She later taught in Sweden and became a global physics icon (偶像). 1. What is special about polonium? A. It was discovered together with radium. B. It was named after Marie Curie’s homeland. C. It was used to treat cancer in hospitals. D. It helped make X‑ray machines. 2. What part did Rosalind Franklin’s “Photo 51” play? A. It helped uncover DNA’s double-helix shape. B. It was the first X-ray picture of DNA. C. It supported the study of coal and viruses. D. It showed that she worked as a biophysicist. 3. What do all four female scientists have in common according to the passage? A. They all made breakthroughs in nuclear physics. B. They all faced gender discrimination in their careers. C. They all contributed greatly to science. D. They were all born in Europe. Passage B （26-27高三上·湖北襄阳·开学考试）Rain sounds melt our stress and put us to sleep, but for rice plants, the pitter-patter of raindrops is more like a morning alarm. As water falls onto soil or water, the vibrations (震动) are far stronger underground than on the surface. New research suggests plants take advantage of this wake-up call. Published in Scientific Reports, the latest research proves rain sounds can make rice seeds germinate (萌芽) faster than usual. This provides the first direct confirmation that plants can sense surrounding sound signals and make active responses. Previous studies have suggested plants may possess the ability to think, see and hear. However, there’s no fact-based evidence for the direct cause-and-effect link between environmental changes and plants’ real-time responses. This new study successfully fills the gap. “The seeds can sense sound in ways that can help them survive,” said Nicholas Makris, author of the study. In their experiment, the researchers wanted to make sure the seeds were responding to the sound of rain and not to its water. Given that rice is usually grown in water, they chose to focus on rice seeds. They put 8,000 rice seeds in shallow water. One group was kept in total quietness, while the other was exposed to light, moderate and heavy raindrops to copy natural rainfall. The results showed that the latter group germinated 30 to 40 percent faster than those in silence. In plants, cellular structures called statoliths are responsible for external sensing. They shift and settle at the bottom of plant cells, helping the organisms detect changes in their position and stability and tell germinating seeds in which direction to grow their roots. Makris and his team theorized rain sounds underwater might produce large enough vibrations to move the statoliths and possibly stimulate germination in rice seeds. The team hopes to further investigate whether other environmental cues, such as wind, could be sensed by plants in similar ways. 4. How does the author introduce the topic in paragraph 1? A. By giving a definition. B. By describing two daily scenes. C. By comparing two effects. D. By interpreting a natural phenomenon. 5. What do the underlined words “the gap” in paragraph 3 refer to? A. Absence of solid proof. B. Unproven plant survival ability. C. Indefinite outer signals. D. Shortage of key research steps. 6. Why did researchers use rice seeds kept in water? A. To monitor water quality. B. To rule out water’s impact. C. To suit their growing habits. D. To observe them conveniently. 7. What does paragraph 5 focus on? A. How raindrops awake seeds. B. What controls plant root systems. C. How plants adjust cell structures. D. Why plants adapt to surroundings. Passage C （25-26高三上·湖南衡阳·期末）Researchers have recently uncovered a hidden danger in the world of software development: the threat posed by artificial intelligence (AI) tools. As AI models become increasingly popular among programmers for writing code, a new study reveals a serious security risk known as “package hallucination”. This occurs when an AI model generates or recommends a third-party software library that does not actually exist. This seemingly simple error can create a pathway for attackers to harm users. The attack method is surprisingly direct. Imagine a developer asking an AI for help with coding. The AI provides code that includes a command to install a software package. If this package is a hallucination, it doesn’t exist. However, a clever attacker can notice the AI recommending this fake package. The attacker can then easily create a real package with the exact same name and fill it with harmful code. The next time the AI suggests this package to another trusting developer, that developer might download and install it, unknowingly introducing malware onto their own computer. This risk is growing because the use of AI in programming is now very common, and developers are placing more trust in AI’s abilities. As AI tools get better at coding tasks, users are less likely to question their suggestions. This blind trust is precisely what attackers exploit. The real danger is not just the bad code itself, but how it takes advantage of the confidence people have in new technology, leading them into a trap without their awareness. In their tests across different AI models, researchers found that commercial models were significantly less likely to produce these hallucinations than open-source ones. They also noted that the programming language Python was safer than JavaScript in this regard. While checking packages against official lists might help reduce the risk, experts agree that the best solution is to fix the problem at its source during the AI’s development. Researchers have shared their findings with major AI companies, hoping to encourage them to address this critical vulnerability in their systems. 8. How do attackers make use of AI’s package hallucination? A. By providing false information to the AI model. B. By directly accessing the developer’s computer through the AI. C. By creating a package with the same name but containing harmful code. D. By preventing the installation of legitimate software packages. 9. Why is this threat particularly dangerous to developers according to the passage? A. Because most developers lack basic coding skills. B. Because AI tools are becoming increasingly trusted. C. Because the majority of software packages are unsafe. D. Because AI tools are unable to generate correct code. 10. Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A. The Future of AI in Coding B. How to Use AI Tools Effectively C. The Hidden Danger of AI Coding Assistants D. Open-source vs. Commercial AI Models 11. What does the researchers’ action of sharing findings with AI companies imply? A. They believe the problem can be solved. B. They want to sell their research to these companies. C. They consider AI companies as the attackers. D. They have lost all trust in AI technology. 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 17 / 32 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题08 动词的现在时态 参考答案 真题·命题感知 1. am supposed 2. has produced 3. is getting 进阶·强化演练 考点01 一般现在时的基本用法 1. requires 2. echoes 3. is associated 4. believes 5. remains 6. enhances 7. are cherished 8. is equipped 9. are charged 10. springs 考点02 现在完成时的基本用法 1. has encountered 2. has become 3. has composed 4. have undergone 5. have recognized 6. has been 7. has been placed 8. have shifted 考点03 现在进行时的基本用法 1. has popped / is popping 2. are relying 3. is changing 4. are proving 考点04 现在完成进行时的基本用法 1. has been encouraging / has encouraged 2. has grown / has been growing 3. have been climbing 拔高·模拟预测 一、语法填空 Passage 1 1. shared 2. were perfected 3. combination 4. nobles 5. to 6. a 7. to shape 8. sits 9. As 10. merely Passage 2 1. be taken 2. whose 3. viewing 4. foundation 5. vividly 6. What 7. to help 8. at 9. a 10. has encountered 二、完形填空 1. A 2. B 3. D 4. C 5. B 6. C 7. D 8. A 9. C 10. A 11. B 12. C 13. A 14. D 15. B 三、阅读理解 Passage A 1. B 2. A 3. C Passage B 4. C 5. A 6. B 7. A Passage C 8. C 9. B 10. C 11. A 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 17 / 32 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题08 动词的现在时态 目 录 真题·命题感知 1 进阶·强化演练 3 拔高·模拟预测 9 真题·命题感知 1.（2026·全国II卷·高考真题）In tai chi, the dan tian is your qi core, and qi in Chinese means life force. Now, I (suppose) to feel the weight on my legs and sink my dan tian. 【答案】am supposed 【解析】考查动词现在时态。句意：在太极拳中，丹田是你的气之核心，而中文里的“气”意指生命力。此刻，我应当感受双腿的重量，气沉丹田。结合句意，分析句子结构可知，设空处是句子的谓语。be supposed to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“应该做某事”。主语为I，且上下文为一般现在时。故填am supposed。 解题方法 第一步：先找时间状语，这是最直接的线索。 时间状语往往直接决定了该用什么时态。比如：如果出现 often, usually, always, sometimes, every day, every week, on Mondays 这类词，表示经常性或习惯性动作，对应一般现在时。如果出现 now, right now, at the moment, nowadays, these days, currently, at present 这类词，表示“现在”或“当前阶段”，对应现在进行时。如果出现 look, listen 这样的提示词，往往也是现在进行时，因为提示现场正在发生。如果出现 already, yet, ever, never, since, for, recently, so far, up to now 这类词，对应现在完成时。 第二步：看语境是“陈述客观事实”还是“正在发生/变化”。如果没有明显的时间状语，就要靠语境来判断：如果句子是在描述一个客观规律、科学事实、长期习惯或固定安排，那就用一般现在时。如果句子强调“现阶段正在发生的转变”“正在进行的动作”或“当前的一种趋势”，那就用现在进行时。还要注意一些动词本身带有“渐变”含义，比如 change, become, emerge, increase, develop, grow，它们经常和现在进行时连用，表示“正在逐渐变得……”。 第三步：检查主谓一致和主动/被动关系： 先看主语是单数还是复数。单数主语（如 he, she, it或单数名词）在一般现在时中动词要加 -s 或 -es；复数主语动词用原形。现在进行时中，单数用 is，复数用 are。 再看主语是动作的执行者还是承受者。如果主语是“被做”的对象，就要用被动语态。 2.（2026·北京卷·高考真题）So far, this model (produce) well-known universities, but it is now challenged by the digitalisation of society, which allows everybody (who) is connected to the Internet to access learning resources. 【答案】has produced 【解析】考查动词现在完成时。句意：迄今为止，这一模式已催生了众多知名大学，但如今社会的数字化正对其构成挑战，因为互联网连接的每个人都可以获取学习资源。根据So far可知，此空应为现在完成时，主语为model，单数名词，应用助动词用has。故填has produced。 解题方法 现在完成时是英语语法中的“老大难”，但也是高考的必考点。其实它的核心逻辑很简单：连接过去和现在。 第一步：找“信号词”（80%的题靠这步） 看到以下关键词，直接锁定现在完成时：for +时间段 (for 3 years)；since +过去时间/过去时从句；already (肯定句，放中间或句尾)、yet (否定/疑问句，放句尾)；ever (曾经), never (从未), just (刚刚), recently / lately (最近)；so far / up to now / till now (到目前为止)；in the past/last +时间段 (in the past 5 years)；次数 (once, twice, three times...)。 第二步：辨“用法”（考语境理解） 如果没有信号词，就看句意强调的是现在的结果还是过去的经历：1.强调过去动作对现在的影响（结果性）：动作已结束，但结果现在还能看到。2.强调从过去持续到现在的动作（持续性）：动作一直没停。3.强调过去的经历（阅历性）：人生中有过某次经历。 第三步：排“雷区”（丢分重灾区） 1. 瞬间动词（终止性动词）不能接“一段时间”，如die, join, buy, borrow, leave, arrive, begin 等动词不能和 for/since 连用。常见转换清单：buy→have / has had (持有)；borrow→have / has kept (保留)；join→have / has been in或have / has been a member of (成为成员)；leave→have / has been away (离开)；marry→have / has been married (已婚)。 2. have been to与have gone to的混淆：have / has been to：去过某地（已回来，人在说话地)；have / has gone to：去了某地（还没回来，人在路上或目的地）。 3. 与一般过去时的纠缠：有具体过去时间（yesterday, last year, in 2010, 3 days ago）→用一般过去时；没有具体时间，强调影响或经历→用现在完成时。 3.（2025·全国I卷·高考真题阅读改编）“Hello, how is your day?” Even when the line __________ (get) longer, she doesn’t let it get in the way of her genuine conversations. 【答案】is getting 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：“你好，今天过得怎么样？” 即使排队的人越来越多，她也不会让这妨碍她真诚的交谈。句中有 doesn’t let（一般现在时），表示这是描述一种习惯性或经常性的情况。even when引导让步状语从句，从句中可以用现在进行时来表示“正在进行的动作”，与主句的一般现在时搭配，表示“即使在这种情况下，她仍然……”。故填is getting。 解题方法 现在进行时解题“四步法” 第一步：找“时间标志词”——最直接的方法：now / right now / at the moment，表示此刻正在发生。Listen / Look，提示你注意正在进行的动作。today / this week，当它们表示当前阶段时，说明这段时间正在做某事。still，表示仍然还在做。 第二步：看上下文——动作是否在持续或变化中：1.动作是正在发生的，也就是肉眼可见或者当下场景里正在进行的。2.动作是近期一段时间内持续在做的。3.动作是逐渐变化的过程。 第三步：检查主语，确定用哪个be动词：现在进行时的结构是“be动词+动词ing形式”。be动词有三个选择am, is, are。 第四步：排除“一般现在时”的干扰——这是最容易错的地方：一般现在时用来表示习惯性动作、客观事实或规律。现在进行时用来表示此刻正在发生、现阶段正在进行或者正在变化中的动作。 进阶·强化演练 考点01 一般现在时的基本用法 1.【新情境·非遗文化——苏绣】（2026·浙江宁波·模拟预测）Wu noted that embroidery (require) slow and calm creation, much like meditation (冥想), (and) he hoped the exhibition would enhance its global recognition. 【答案】requires 【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：邬建安指出，刺绣需要缓慢而平静的创作过程，就像冥想一样，他希望这次展览能提高刺绣在全球的知名度。宾语从句陈述客观事实，用一般现在时；主语embroidery（刺绣）是单数概念，谓语动词应该用第三人称单数形式。故填requires。 2.（2026·浙江杭州·三模）In his view, the lively atmosphere of Guangzhou’s tea houses (echo) the social function of Irish pubs. 【答案】echoes 【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：在他看来，广州茶馆热闹的氛围与爱尔兰酒吧的社交功能相似。此处描述的是一般情况，应用一般现在时，主语“the lively atmosphere”是单数，所以谓语动词echo用第三人称单数形式echoes。故填echoes。 3.（25-26高三下·湖北十堰·阶段检测）The round table (associate) with tuanyuan, meaning reunion and completeness, especially during festivals such as the Mid-Autumn Festival. 【答案】is associated 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：圆桌和“团圆”紧密相连，寓意相聚圆满，中秋等节日里这一含义尤为突出。固定搭配be associated with意为“与……相关联”；全文为客观介绍，用一般现在时，主语the round table为第三人称单数，be动词用is。故填is associated。 4.（2026·湖北襄阳·模拟预测）Daoism, formed in the 6th century BC, (believe) humans should live in harmony with nature’s Dao — the natural flow of life. 【答案】believes 【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：道教形成于公元前6世纪，认为人应与自然之道——即生命自然的流动——和谐共处。空处作谓语，主语Daoism是单数，描述客观观点用一般现在时，谓语用单数第三人称形式。故填believes。 5.（2026·湖南长沙·三模）In this way, Spring Festival (remain) deeply rooted in China while reaching ___ (a) wider world. 【答案】remains 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：如此一来，春节深深扎根中国本土，同时走向一个更广阔的世界。这句话描述的是客观事实或长期存在的状态——春节“根植于中国”是一个持续、普遍的事实，所以用一般现在时最自然。另外主语Spring Festival是单数，谓语用remains。故填remains。 6.（2026·江苏扬州·模拟预测）Whether it’s for weddings, festivals, birthdays, (or) business gifting, these boxes offer a rich visual appeal that (enhance) the perceived value of any gift. 【答案】enhances 【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：无论是婚礼、节日、生日还是商务送礼，这些盒子都具有丰富的视觉吸引力，能提升任何礼物的感知价值。根据句子结构判断，此处应该为定语从句的谓语动词，先行词是a rich visual appeal，为单数，且句子陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式enhances。故填enhances。 7.（2026·江苏·二模）At the opening reception, a Chinese Ambassador to Britain said, “Orchids __________ (cherish) in both countries and in Chinese culture, orchids are (traditionally) among the ‘Four Gentlemen of Flowers’, symbolizing integrity, resilience and a noble character.” 【答案】are cherished 【解析】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：在开幕招待会上，一位中国驻英国大使说：“兰花在两国都受到珍视，在中国文化中，兰花传统上是‘花中四君子’之一，象征着正直、坚韧和高尚的品格。”cherish(珍视)是谓语动词，与主语Orchids之间是被动关系；句子描述客观事实，应用一般现在时的被动语态；主语为复数名词，谓语动词用复数形式are cherished。 8.（2026·江苏南通·模拟预测）One good example is Henan’s “Central-China Agricultural Valley” project, which __________ (equip) with monitoring stations and satellites. 【答案】is equipped 【解析】考查时态和语态以及主谓一致。句意：一个很好的例子是河南的“中原农业谷”项目，该项目配备了监测站和卫星。空处作定语从句的谓语，句子陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时，从句主语which指代先行词project，为第三人称单数，和从句谓语动词equip之间为被动关系，所以应用一般现在时的被动语态。故填is equipped。 9.（2026·江苏南京·模拟预测）As developers (charge) per token (词元), token consumption acts not only as a (reliable) measure for the popularity of different AI models (but) a competitive pricing battleground for top technology companies worldwide. 【答案】are charged 【解析】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：由于开发者按词元计费，词元消耗不仅是衡量不同人工智能模型受欢迎程度的可靠标准，也是全球顶尖科技企业的竞争性定价战场。此处为as引导的原因状语从句的谓语动词，主语developers与charge为被动关系，描述客观事实用一般现在时，主语为复数，谓语用are charged。 10.（2026·浙江宁波·三模）This story exemplifies the kite’s unexpected potential as a simple yet potent tool for overcoming complex engineering hurdles, proving that innovation often (spring) from unassuming origins. 【答案】springs 【解析】考查时态与主谓一致。句意：这个故事例证了风筝作为克服复杂工程难题的简单而有力工具的意外潜力，证明创新往往源自不起眼的开端。此处在宾语从句中作谓语动词，主语为innovation，为不可数名词，与spring之间为主动关系，且根据时间状语often可知，此处应用一般现在时springs。 考点02 现在完成时的基本用法 1.（2027·江苏南京·一模）For thousands of years, China (encounter) challenges from other cultures, and the Chinese people have absorbed the best from outside while delicately (transforming) foreign elements to suit Chinese traditions. 【答案】has encountered 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：数千年来，中国不断遭遇来自其他文化的挑战，而中国人民一直善于从外界吸收精华，同时巧妙地将外来元素加以改造，使之适应中国的传统。根据时间状语For thousands of years可知，要用现在完成时，主语China为单数。故填has encountered。 2.（2026·江苏·一模）This simple daily ritual (become) a beloved cultural symbol, representing comfort and the beauty of slow living. 【答案】has become 【解析】考查时态。句意：这一简单日常仪式已成为备受喜爱的文化符号，代表着舒适与慢生活的美好。根据上下文语境及representing可知，此处强调过去的动作对现在的影响，应用现在完成时；主语为第三人称单数形式，助动词用has。故填has become。 3.（2026·浙江宁波·三模）Over the years, Wang (compose) more than 6,000 poems, and his work has been translated into several languages and published in five countries. 【答案】has composed 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：多年来，王计兵创作了6000多首诗，他的作品已被翻译成多种语言，并在五个国家出版。根据时间状语Over the years可知，此处强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，应用现在完成时，其结构为“have/has +过去分词”，主语Wang是第三人称单数。故填has composed。 4.（2026·浙江杭州·三模）His tea habits (undergo) a quiet transformation over the years. In Ireland, black tea is typically served with milk and sugar. 【答案】have undergone 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：多年来，他的饮茶习惯经历了悄然的转变。在爱尔兰，红茶通常搭配牛奶和糖一起饮用。根据时间状语“over the years”可知，此处强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，应用现在完成时，其结构为“have/has +过去分词”，主语“His tea habits”是复数，谓语动词也应该用复数形式。故填have undergone。 5.（25-26高三上·福建福州·阶段检测）Since ancient times, locals (recognize) its potential as a high-quality natural weaving material, (prized) for the vine’s lightness, breath ability and remarkable durability. 【答案】have recognized 【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：自古以来，当地人就认识到它作为优质天然编织材料的潜力，并因其藤蔓的轻盈性、透气性和卓越的耐用性而备受推崇。动词recognize意为“认识到、承认”，作谓语；根据Since ancient times可知，应用现在完成时，与主语locals“当地人”之间为主动关系，且用复数形式。故填have recognized。 6.（2026·江苏无锡·三模）“New Chinese Style” is not new in China. It emerged at the start of the 21st century, gained strength around 2015, and (be) on an upward trend since 2021. 【答案】has been 【解析】考查现在完成时。句意：它兴起于21世纪初，2015年左右逐步壮大，自2021年起一直呈上升发展态势。时间状语since 2021为现在完成时标志，主语it为单数，助动词用has。故填has been。 7.（2026·浙江宁波·模拟预测）Great value (place) on texture (口感) and original flavors since ancient times. 【答案】has been placed 【解析】考查时态语态。句意：自古以来，人们就非常重视食物的口感和原本的风味。主语value与place之间构成被动关系，根据后文since ancient times可知为现在完成时的被动语态，助动词用has。故填has been placed。 8.（2026·浙江宁波·三模）To date his travels across China (shift) his understanding of tea from pursuing perfection to appreciating diversity. 【答案】have shifted 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：到目前为止，他在中国各地的旅行已经将他对茶的理解从追求完美转变为欣赏多样性。根据句子结构来看，空格处是谓语动词，To date是现在完成时的标志词，且主语his travels是复数，所以用have shifted。 考点03 现在进行时的基本用法 1.（25-26高三上·浙江丽水·期末）Recently reverse tourism (pop) up as a new trend in China. 【答案】has popped / is popping 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：最近，反向旅游作为一种新趋势在中国兴起。根据时间状语Recently可知，动作发生在过去并对现在有影响，应用现在完成时；也可用现在进行时表示现阶段正在发展的趋势。主语reverse tourism是第三人称单数，谓语动词应为has popped或者is popping。 2.（2026·山东济南·模拟预测）We seem to have too much attachment to data accessible on those devices. ___ (But) is it a good thing that we (rely) on technology more often than not, recording every step we take? 【答案】are relying 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：我们似乎太过执着于那些设备上可获取的数据。但是，我们更多地依赖于技术，记录我们的每一步，这是一件好事吗？结合句子上下文，强调的是“当下这个时代”正在发生的行为趋势，所以用 are relying 更能体现“当今我们正处在这样一种行为模式中”的语感。故填are relying。 3.（2026·山东·模拟预测）Nowadays, smart agriculture (change) traditional farming. In many rural regions, modern greenhouses with digital systems allow farmers to monitor crops from their smartphones. 【答案】is changing 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：现今，智慧农业正在改变传统耕作方式。在诸多乡村地区，配备数字化系统的现代化大棚，让农户可以通过智能手机实时监测农作物长势。Nowadays是标志词，根据句意和句子结构来看，此空应用进行时态。且主语是单数名词。故填is changing。 4.（25-26高三下·湖南株洲·阶段检测）China’s intangible cultural heritage workshops, which (prove) to be powerful forces for rural revitalization, have preserved traditional crafts, created jobs and boosted local economies, with over 11,000 such workshops in operation according to official data. 【答案】are proving 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：事实证明，正有力助力乡村振兴的中国非遗工坊，传承了传统工艺、创造了就业岗位并带动了地方经济发展，官方数据显示目前已有超11,000家此类工坊投入运营。此空强调的是“正在逐步显现/逐渐被证明”的过程，而不是一个已经定论的客观事实，这是现在进行时表“渐进发展”的典型用法。故填are proving。 考点04 现在完成进行时的基本用法 1.（2026·湖南长沙·三模）Since the national rural revitalization (振兴) strategy was launched, the local government __________ (encourage) farmers to move away from traditional farming methods and embrace modern agricultural techniques. 【答案】has been encouraging / has encouraged 【解析】考查时态。句意：自从国家实施乡村振兴战略以来，当地政府一直鼓励农民摒弃传统的耕作方式，转而采用现代农业技术。根据上文Since the national rural revitalization strategy was launched可知可用现在完成时表示过去的动作对现在的影响，或用现在完成进行时，表示动作持续不间断进行，主语为government，助动词用has。 2.（25-26高三上·福建厦门·阶段检测）Her fascination with Chinese medicine (grow) even more since she moved to China over twelve years ago. 【答案】has grown / has been growing 【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：自从12年前搬到中国以来，她对中医的迷恋与日俱增。空处作句子的谓语，根据“since she moved to China over twelve years ago”可知，动作从过去开始发生，可以用现在完成时表示动作持续到现在，也可以用现在完成进行时表示动作会继续进行下去，主语fascination为不可数名词，助动词用has。故填has grown/has been growing。 3.（2026·湖南株洲·一模）“The last two years have been kind of supercharged,” says Gavin Schmidt, a climate scientist. Temperatures (climb) at a quicker pace, and “2023 and 2024 stand out.” 【答案】have been climbing 【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：“过去两年可以说是突飞猛进，”气候科学家加文·施密特说。气温一直在以更快的速度攀升，“2023年和2024年尤为突出。”前文说 The last two years（过去两年），这是一个从过去延续到现在的时间段，强调持续攀升的过程，“在过去两年里一直在持续地、加速地攀升”，并且还在继续。故填have been climbing。 拔高·模拟预测 一、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Passage 1 【新情境·青花瓷历史】（25-26高三下·湖南衡阳·期中） Blue-and-white porcelain (青花瓷), a product of 1 (share) creativity, tells a story of how East and West craftsmanship harmonized. In the Yuan Dynasty, Persian merchants brought special pigments (颜料) to Jingdezhen, where porcelain traditions 2 (perfect). Local craftsmen mixed these pigments with white clay, creating the iconic blue patterns. By painting traditional Chinese designs using foreign materials, they achieved a perfect 3 (combine) of traditions. Over the centuries, this technique steadily advanced. During the Ming Dynasty, porcelain became a major export. European 4 (noble) loved its unique charm, calling it “white gold”. To meet their needs, Chinese artists added European elements like rose patterns to traditional landscapes, making the porcelain more appealing 5 westerners. Modern artists still use these old techniques in creative ways. At 6 London show in 2025, a young maker used 3D printers 7 (shape) vases but hand-painted them with dragons and Greek myths side by side. Visitors said it felt like ancient China meeting modern Europe through hybrid art. Today, this global dialogue continues in museums worldwide. A Ming-era dish that once belonged to a French King 8 (sit) in the Louvre. Its journey from Jingdezhen to the Palace of Versailles, marked by countless hands across continents, reflects how beauty goes beyond borders. 9 Craig Clunas noted, “The blue that fascinates the world is never 10 (mere) a color — it is a language.” 【答案与解析】1. shared 2. were perfected 3. combination 4. nobles 5. to 6. a 7. to shape 8. sits 9. As 10. merely 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了青花瓷的历史，包括其起源、发展、现代应用以及在全球文化交流中的意义。 1. 考查非谓语动词。句意：青花瓷，是共享创造力的产物，讲述了一个东西方工艺如何和谐的故事。share与creativity为动宾关系，因此需要用过去分词形式作定语，表示被动意义。故填shared。 2. 考查时态和语态。句意：在元朝，波斯商人将特殊的颜料带到景德镇，那里的瓷器传统工艺得到了完善。根据时间状语In the Yuan Dynasty可知，本句描述的是过去的事情，且主语porcelain traditions与perfect之间是被动关系，因此需要用一般过去时的被动语态。故填were perfected。 3. 考查名词。句意：他们用外国材料绘制中国传统图案，实现了传统的完美结合。根据空前的a perfect可知，此处需要用名词形式作宾语，combine的名词形式是combination，表示“结合”。故填combination。 4. 考查名词复数。句意：欧洲贵族喜欢它独特的魅力，称它为“白金”。noble意为“贵族”，是可数名词，根据语境可知，此处表示泛指，因此需要用复数形式。故填nobles。 5. 考查介词。句意：为了满足他们的需求，中国艺术家在传统风景中添加了玫瑰图案等欧洲元素，使瓷器对西方人更具吸引力。be appealing to为固定短语，意为“对……有吸引力”，因此需要用介词to。故填to。 6. 考查冠词。句意：在2025年伦敦的一场展览上，一位年轻的制造商使用3D打印机来塑造花瓶，但并排手工绘制了龙和希腊神话。show意为“展览”，是可数名词，此处表示泛指，且London的发音以辅音音素开头，因此需要用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。 7. 考查非谓语动词。句意：在2025年伦敦的一场展览上，一位年轻的制造商使用3D打印机来塑造花瓶，但并排手工绘制了龙和希腊神话。use sth. to do sth.为固定用法，意为“使用某物做某事”，因此需要用不定式作目的状语。故填to shape。 8. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：今天，这种全球对话在世界各地的博物馆继续进行。一只曾经属于法国国王的明代盘子坐落在卢浮宫。空处作句子的谓语动词，句子描述客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语是单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填sits。 9. 考查定语从句。句意：正如Craig Clunas所指出的，“令世界着迷的蓝色从来都不只是一种颜色——它是一种语言。”空处引导非限制性定语从句，从句缺少宾语，且先行词为后面一整句话，因此需要用关系代词as引导从句，位于句首，首字母大写。故填As。 10. 考查副词。句意：正如Craig Clunas所指出的，“令世界着迷的蓝色从来都不只是一种颜色——它是一种语言。”空处修饰空后的整个句子，因此需要用副词形式作状语，mere的副词形式是merely，意为“仅仅”。故填merely。 Passage 2 （26-27高三上·浙江宁波·开学考试） On a December afternoon in 2025, a foreign couple visiting Qianlingshan Park in Guiyang faced an unexpected dilemma. Their baby’s stroller (手推车) could not 1 (take) onto the cable car. Without hesitation, they entrusted their child to a park security guard, 2 timely help drew admiration from fellow visitors. This incident sparked lively online discussion, with many netizens 3 (view) the act as highlighting the trust and care that form the 4 (found) of China’s approach to public safety. Garima, who had traveled across China, 5 (vivid) described the security measures that made her feel at home: “Subway stations have security checks at every entrance, a visible sign of China’s commitment to public safety.” 6 impressed her most was the widespread presence of security cameras, and the friendliness of police officers. “They’re always willing 7 (help) when I have questions,” she said. Having personally experienced the warm and friendly community atmosphere, Sharma believes China’s model demonstrates that advanced technology does not have to come 8 the cost of personal liberty. Instead, it can enable 9 unique kind of round-the-clock security and social ease. Over the past 5 years, from bustling cities to remote villages, he 10 (encounter) a consistent willingness among people to assist strangers, a sense of social trust that transforms into genuine warmth. 【答案与解析】1. be taken 2. whose 3. viewing 4. foundation 5. vividly 6. What 7. to help 8. at 9. a 10. has encountered 【导语】文章主要通过外国游客和旅居者的经历，展现了中国公共安全体系下的信任与温暖。 1. 考查动词语态。句意：他们的婴儿手推车无法被带上缆车。空处为句子的谓语动词，主语Their baby’s stroller与谓语动词take之间是被动关系，且空前有could not，所以此处需用被动语态：be done，take的过去分词为taken。 2. 考查定语从句。句意：他们毫不犹豫地将孩子托付给公园保安，他及时的帮助赢得了其他游客的赞赏。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a park security guard，且关系词在从句中作定语，修饰timely help，所以用关系代词whose引导该从句。 3. 考查非谓语动词。句意：这一事件引发了网络上的热烈讨论，许多网友认为这一行为凸显了信任与关怀，而这正是中国公共安全理念的基石。此处为“with+宾语+宾语补足语”的复合结构，netizens与view“看待”之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作宾补。 4. 考查名词。句意：同上。根据空前the和空后of可知，空处需填名词形式，found的名词形式为foundation，意为“基础”。 5. 考查副词。句意：曾游历过中国各地的Garima生动地描述了让她感到宾至如归的安保措施。空处需用副词修饰动词described作状语，vivid的副词形式为vividly“生动地”。 6. 考查名词性从句。句意：给她印象最深的是无处不在的监控摄像头和警察的友善。空处引导主语从句，且在从句中作主语，表示“……的事物”，所以用连接代词what引导该从句，首字母大写。 7. 考查非谓语动词。句意：“当我有问题时，他们总是愿意提供帮助，”她说。be willing to do sth.“愿意做某事”，所以此处需用不定式。 8. 考查介词。句意：Sharma认为，中国的模式表明，先进技术的发展不必以牺牲个人自由为代价。固定搭配at the cost of...“以……为代价”，所以此处需用介词at。 9. 考查冠词。​句意：相反，它能实现一种全天候的独特安全保障与社会安宁。此处表示泛指“一种……”，且unique是以辅音音素开头的单词，需用不定冠词a。 10. 考查动词时态。句意：在过去的五年里，从繁华都市到偏远乡村，他一直感受到人们乐于助人的一致意愿……。空处为句子的谓语动词，根据时间状语Over the past 5 years可知，句子时态需用现在完成时：have/has done，主语he是第三人称单数，助动词用has。 二、完形填空 （25-26高三下·湖南衡阳·期中）Last year, Ms. Lopez, a math teacher in California, faced a familiar 1 : how to meet the needs of 30 students with different learning paces. Some struggled with basic equations, while others, clearly bored 2 for more challenging problems. Then she tried an AI tutoring tool, and everything began to 3 . The AI system starts by assessing each student’s 4 through a short quiz. For 12-year-old Mia, who had always feared math, it 5 lessons with cartoon characters and real-life examples about baking — her favorite hobby. “I finally understand fractions because I’m calculating how much sugar to use,” she said. For advanced learners like Jake, it 6 complex problems on space exploration, linking math to his love of astronomy. Ms. Lopez was 7 by how the AI freed her from repetitive grading. “I now have time to work one-on-one with students who need extra 8 ,” she explained. But the tool isn’t without 9 . Some students got distracted by the AI’s game-like features, and others 10 the human connection of traditional teaching. Experts say such 11 reflect the broader challenges of integrating AI into education. Dr. Chen, a digital education researcher, notes that AI should be a “support, not a 12 .” His team’s study found that classrooms using AI effectively maintained a balance: teachers focused on emotional support, while AI handled skill-building. For Ms. Lopez’s class, the 13 has been positive. Math scores have risen by 15% in six months, and more students now 14 raising their hands. “AI didn’t replace me,” she said. “It gave me the 15 to be a better teacher.” 1. A. dilemma B. standard C. record D. deadline 2. A. waited B. begged C. prepared D. competed 3. A. disappear B. repeat C. fail D. change 4. A. personality B. health C. ability D. curiosity 5. A. replaced B. delivered C. purchased D. translated 6. A. hid B. avoided C. created D. solved 7. A. confused B. disappointed C. relaxed D. surprised 8. A. attention B. money C. food D. space 9. A. instructions B. benefits C. limitations D. regulations 10. A. valued B. forgot C. doubted D. ignored 11. A. dreams B. problems C. stories D. goals 12. A. barrier B. target C. replacement D. tool 13. A. experience B. experiment C. journey D. exam 14. A. miss B. regret C. mind D. enjoy 15. A. excuse B. freedom C. duty D. pressure 【答案与解析】1. A 2. B 3. D 4. C 5. B 6. C 7. D 8. A 9. C 10. A 11. B 12. C 13. A 14. D 15. B 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了加州数学老师洛佩兹用AI辅导工具解决学生进度差异问题，AI 因材施教助成绩提升，但也存在局限，最终AI成为教学辅助，让老师更高效。 1. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：去年，洛佩兹女士（一位来自加利福尼亚的数学教师）遇到了一个常见的难题：如何满足30名学习进度各不相同的学生的学习需求。A. dilemma困境；B. standard标准；C. record记录；D. deadline最后期限。后文“how to meet the needs of 30 students with different learning paces.”提到满足30名不同学习进度学生的需求，这是老师常见的困境。故选A。 2. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：有些人对基本的算术题感到困难，而另一些人则显然感到无聊，于是纷纷渴求增加更具挑战性的题目。A. waited等待；B. begged恳求；C. prepared准备；D. competed比赛。根据后文“for more challenging problems”以及前文说部分学生觉得无聊，结合语境，他们会渴望更有挑战性的题目。beg for表示“恳求、渴望”，体现学生的主动需求。故选B。 3. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后她尝试了一款人工智能辅导工具，结果一切都开始“发生了变化”。A. disappear消失；B. repeat重复；C. fail失败；D. change改变。前文是老师的困境，后文“The AI system starts by assessing each student’s”讲AI工具带来的积极变化，因此“一切开始改变”。故选D。 4. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：该人工智能系统首先会通过一个简短的测验来评估每位学生的能力。A. personality个性；B. health健康；C. ability能力；D. curiosity好奇心。根据上文“The AI system starts by assessing each student’s”可知，AI通过小测验评估学生的“能力”，才能针对性教学。ability（能力）契合“不同学习进度”的背景。故选C。 5. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：对于12岁的米娅来说，她一直对数学感到恐惧，但这次课程通过卡通人物和与烘焙相关的实际案例进行讲解，而烘焙正是她最喜爱的爱好。A. replaced取代；B. delivered提供；C. purchased购买；D. translated翻译。根据后文“lessons with cartoon characters and real-life examples”可知，AI为Mia“提供”结合卡通人物和烘焙案例的课程。delivered（提供、传授）搭配 lessons（课程）合理。故选B。 6. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：对于像杰克这样的高阶学习者，它设计了关于太空探索的复杂问题，将数学与他对天文学的热爱联系起来。A. hid隐藏；B. avoided避免；C. created创造；D. solved解决。根据后文“complex problems on space exploration”可知，对优秀学生Jake，AI设计结合太空探索的复杂题目。故选C。 7. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：洛佩兹女士感到十分惊讶的是，这款人工智能技术竟然让她摆脱了重复性的评分工作。A. confused困惑的；B. disappointed失望的；C. relaxed放松的；D. surprised惊讶的。根据后文“by how the AI freed her from repetitive grading”可知，AI帮老师摆脱重复批改，这让老师感到惊讶。故选D。 8. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“现在我有时间能够为那些需要额外关注的学生提供一对一的辅导了。”她解释道。A. attention注意力；B. money金钱；C. food食物；D. space空间。根据上文“I now have time to work one-on-one with students who need extra”可知，老师有时间一对一辅导需要额外关注的学生。故选A。 9. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但这个工具并非毫无局限性。A. instructions指示；B. benefits好处；C. limitations限制，局限；D. regulations条例。后文“Some students got distracted by the AI’s game-like features, and others ____ the human connection of traditional teaching.(一些学生被人工智能游戏般的特性所吸引，而另一些学生则更……传统教学中的人际互动)”提到学生分心、怀念人际互动，说明工具存在局限。故选C。 10. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：一些学生被人工智能游戏般的特性所吸引，而另一些学生则更看重传统教学中的人际互动。A. valued重视；B. forgot忘记；C. doubted怀疑；D. ignored忽视。根据后文“the human connection of traditional teaching”可知，部分学生重视传统教学中的人际互动。valued（重视）体现学生对人文关怀的需求。故选A。 11. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：专家们表示，此类问题反映了将人工智能融入教育过程所面临的更广泛挑战。A. dreams梦想；B. problems问题；C. stories故事；D. goals目标。前文“Some students got distracted by the AI’s game-like features, and others ____ the human connection of traditional teaching.(一些学生被人工智能游戏般的特性所吸引，而另一些学生则更……传统教学中的人际互动)”提到的学生分心、怀念人际互动等均是问题，这些问题反映了AI融入教育的挑战。故选B。 12. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：陈博士是一位数字教育领域的研究者，他指出，人工智能应当起到“辅助作用，而非完全取代人类的作用”。A. barrier障碍；B. target目标；C. replacement取代；D. tool工具。根据上文“AI should be a “support, not a”以及后文提到“AI没有取代我”，因此专家强调 AI 应是支持而非替代。故选C。 13. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：对于洛佩兹女士的班级来说，这次经历是积极的。A. experience经验；B. experiment实验；C. journey旅程；D. exam考试。后文“Math scores have risen by 15% in six months, and more students now”提到成绩提升、学生更积极，说明这次使用AI的经历是积极的。故选A。 14. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：数学成绩在六个月内提高了 15%，现在有更多的学生喜欢举手回答问题了。A. miss错过；B. regret后悔；C. mind思维；D. enjoy喜爱，欣赏。根据后文“raising their hands”成绩提升后，更多学生喜欢举手发言，为短语enjoy doing sth.。故选D。 15. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“这让我有了更大的自由去成为一名更出色的教师。”A. excuse借口；B. freedom自由；C. duty责任；D. pressure压力。根据上文“how the AI freed her from repetitive grading”可知，AI帮老师摆脱重复工作，赋予老师成为更好老师的自由（即时间和精力）。故选B。 三、阅读理解 Passage A （26-27高三上·浙江宁波·开学考试） Outstanding Female Physicists in Modern History Chien-Shiung Wu (1912-1997, Chinese-American) She was a top nuclear physicist. At 44, she did the “Wu Experiment” (1956), proving parity violation (宇称不守恒) — particles don’t act the same in mirror images. This helped two male scientists win the Nobel Prize. She taught at Columbia University, guided many students, and earned the Wolf Prize in Physics (1978). Marie Curie (1867-1934, Polish-French) She was the only person to win the Nobel Prizes in two sciences (Physics 1903, Chemistry 1911). Born in Poland, she worked in France. With her husband, she discovered polonium (1898, named after Poland) and radium at 31. She studied radioactivity, used it in early cancer treatment, and helped make X-ray machines for World War I hospitals. Rosalind Franklin (1920-1958, British) A 31-year-old biophysicist, she took “Photo 51” (1952) — the first clear X-ray picture of DNA. This image was key for Watson and Crick to figure out DNA’s double-helix structure. She also studied coal and viruses, but died young at 37 from illness linked to her work. Lise Meitner (1878-1968, Austrian-Swedish) She was a Jewish physicist who fled Austria to Sweden in 1938 (age 60). With Otto Hahn, she discovered nuclear fission (核裂变) — splitting atoms to release huge energy. She named “fission” and explained how it works, though Hahn alone got the 1944 Nobel. She later taught in Sweden and became a global physics icon (偶像). 1. What is special about polonium? A. It was discovered together with radium. B. It was named after Marie Curie’s homeland. C. It was used to treat cancer in hospitals. D. It helped make X‑ray machines. 2. What part did Rosalind Franklin’s “Photo 51” play? A. It helped uncover DNA’s double-helix shape. B. It was the first X-ray picture of DNA. C. It supported the study of coal and viruses. D. It showed that she worked as a biophysicist. 3. What do all four female scientists have in common according to the passage? A. They all made breakthroughs in nuclear physics. B. They all faced gender discrimination in their careers. C. They all contributed greatly to science. D. They were all born in Europe. 【答案与解析】1. B 2. A 3. C 【导语】本文分别介绍了四位近现代杰出女物理学家的国籍、核心科研成就与相关经历，展现了她们在各自科学领域做出的重要贡献。 1. 细节理解题。根据文章Marie Curie (1867-1934, Polish-French)部分中“she discovered polonium (1898, named after Poland)(她发现了钋（1898年，以波兰命名）)”可知，钋是以居里夫人的祖国波兰命名的。 2. 细节理解题。根据文章Rosalind Franklin (1920-1958, British)部分中“A 31-year-old biophysicist, she took “Photo 51” (1952) — the first clear X-ray picture of DNA. This image was key for Watson and Crick to figure out DNA’s double-helix structure.(这位31岁的生物物理学家拍摄了“照片51”（1952年）——这是第一张清晰的DNA X射线图像。这张图像对沃森和克里克揭示DNA双螺旋结构起到了关键作用。)”可知，罗莎琳德·富兰克林的“照片51”帮助揭示了DNA的双螺旋结构。 3. 推理判断题。根据全文内容可知，四位女科学家分别在不同领域做出重大贡献：吴健雄在核物理、居里夫人在放射化学、富兰克林在DNA结构、迈特纳在核裂变，因此共同点是“对科学做出巨大贡献”。 Passage B （26-27高三上·湖北襄阳·开学考试）Rain sounds melt our stress and put us to sleep, but for rice plants, the pitter-patter of raindrops is more like a morning alarm. As water falls onto soil or water, the vibrations (震动) are far stronger underground than on the surface. New research suggests plants take advantage of this wake-up call. Published in Scientific Reports, the latest research proves rain sounds can make rice seeds germinate (萌芽) faster than usual. This provides the first direct confirmation that plants can sense surrounding sound signals and make active responses. Previous studies have suggested plants may possess the ability to think, see and hear. However, there’s no fact-based evidence for the direct cause-and-effect link between environmental changes and plants’ real-time responses. This new study successfully fills the gap. “The seeds can sense sound in ways that can help them survive,” said Nicholas Makris, author of the study. In their experiment, the researchers wanted to make sure the seeds were responding to the sound of rain and not to its water. Given that rice is usually grown in water, they chose to focus on rice seeds. They put 8,000 rice seeds in shallow water. One group was kept in total quietness, while the other was exposed to light, moderate and heavy raindrops to copy natural rainfall. The results showed that the latter group germinated 30 to 40 percent faster than those in silence. In plants, cellular structures called statoliths are responsible for external sensing. They shift and settle at the bottom of plant cells, helping the organisms detect changes in their position and stability and tell germinating seeds in which direction to grow their roots. Makris and his team theorized rain sounds underwater might produce large enough vibrations to move the statoliths and possibly stimulate germination in rice seeds. The team hopes to further investigate whether other environmental cues, such as wind, could be sensed by plants in similar ways. 4. How does the author introduce the topic in paragraph 1? A. By giving a definition. B. By describing two daily scenes. C. By comparing two effects. D. By interpreting a natural phenomenon. 5. What do the underlined words “the gap” in paragraph 3 refer to? A. Absence of solid proof. B. Unproven plant survival ability. C. Indefinite outer signals. D. Shortage of key research steps. 6. Why did researchers use rice seeds kept in water? A. To monitor water quality. B. To rule out water’s impact. C. To suit their growing habits. D. To observe them conveniently. 7. What does paragraph 5 focus on? A. How raindrops awake seeds. B. What controls plant root systems. C. How plants adjust cell structures. D. Why plants adapt to surroundings. 【答案与解析】4. C 5. A 6. B 7. A 【导语】主要介绍新研究证实雨声震动可加速水稻种子发芽，并解释其内在作用原理。 4. 推理判断题。根据第一段“Rain sounds melt our stress and put us to sleep, but for rice plants, the pitter-patter of raindrops is more like a morning alarm.(雨声缓解我们的压力并助我们入眠，但对水稻植株而言，雨滴的滴答声更像是起床铃)”可知，作者通过对比雨声对人类和水稻植物产生的两种不同效果来引入主题。 5. 词义猜测题。根据第三段“Previous studies have suggested plants may possess the ability to think, see and hear. However, there’s no fact-based evidence for the direct cause-and-effect link between environmental changes and plants’real-time responses. This new study successfully fills the gap.(先前的研究表明植物可能具备思考、看和听的能力。然而，对于环境变化与植物实时反应之间的直接因果关系，并没有基于事实的证据。这项新研究成功填补了这一空白。）可知，“the gap”指的是缺乏确凿证据。 6. 细节理解题。根据第四段“In their experiment, the researchers wanted to make sure the seeds were responding to the sound of rain and not to its water. Given that rice is usually grown in water, they chose to focus on rice seeds.(在他们的实验中，研究人员想确保种子是对雨声做出反应，而不是对水做出反应。鉴于水稻通常生长在水中，他们选择聚焦于水稻种子)”可知，研究人员使用置于水中的水稻种子是为了排除水的影响。 7. 主旨大意题。根据第五段“In plants, cellular structures called statoliths are responsible for external sensing. They shift and settle at the bottom of plant cells, helping the organisms detect changes in their position and stability and tell germinating seeds in which direction to grow their roots. Makris and his team theorized rain sounds underwater might produce large enough vibrations to move the statoliths and possibly stimulate germination in rice seeds. (在植物中，一种叫做平衡石的细胞结构负责外部感知。它们在植物细胞底部移动并沉淀，帮助生物体检测其位置和稳定性的变化，并告诉正在发芽的种子其根该朝哪个方向生长。马克里斯和他的团队提出理论，水下的雨声可能会产生足够大的振动来移动平衡石，并有可能刺激水稻种子发芽)”可知，该段主要聚焦于雨滴如何唤醒种子。 Passage C （25-26高三上·湖南衡阳·期末）Researchers have recently uncovered a hidden danger in the world of software development: the threat posed by artificial intelligence (AI) tools. As AI models become increasingly popular among programmers for writing code, a new study reveals a serious security risk known as “package hallucination”. This occurs when an AI model generates or recommends a third-party software library that does not actually exist. This seemingly simple error can create a pathway for attackers to harm users. The attack method is surprisingly direct. Imagine a developer asking an AI for help with coding. The AI provides code that includes a command to install a software package. If this package is a hallucination, it doesn’t exist. However, a clever attacker can notice the AI recommending this fake package. The attacker can then easily create a real package with the exact same name and fill it with harmful code. The next time the AI suggests this package to another trusting developer, that developer might download and install it, unknowingly introducing malware onto their own computer. This risk is growing because the use of AI in programming is now very common, and developers are placing more trust in AI’s abilities. As AI tools get better at coding tasks, users are less likely to question their suggestions. This blind trust is precisely what attackers exploit. The real danger is not just the bad code itself, but how it takes advantage of the confidence people have in new technology, leading them into a trap without their awareness. In their tests across different AI models, researchers found that commercial models were significantly less likely to produce these hallucinations than open-source ones. They also noted that the programming language Python was safer than JavaScript in this regard. While checking packages against official lists might help reduce the risk, experts agree that the best solution is to fix the problem at its source during the AI’s development. Researchers have shared their findings with major AI companies, hoping to encourage them to address this critical vulnerability in their systems. 8. How do attackers make use of AI’s package hallucination? A. By providing false information to the AI model. B. By directly accessing the developer’s computer through the AI. C. By creating a package with the same name but containing harmful code. D. By preventing the installation of legitimate software packages. 9. Why is this threat particularly dangerous to developers according to the passage? A. Because most developers lack basic coding skills. B. Because AI tools are becoming increasingly trusted. C. Because the majority of software packages are unsafe. D. Because AI tools are unable to generate correct code. 10. Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A. The Future of AI in Coding B. How to Use AI Tools Effectively C. The Hidden Danger of AI Coding Assistants D. Open-source vs. Commercial AI Models 11. What does the researchers’ action of sharing findings with AI companies imply? A. They believe the problem can be solved. B. They want to sell their research to these companies. C. They consider AI companies as the attackers. D. They have lost all trust in AI technology. 【答案与解析】8. C 9. B 10. C 11. A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要阐述了AI编程工具存在的隐藏安全风险及应对方法。 8. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“However, a clever attacker can notice the AI recommending this fake package. The attacker can then easily create a real package with the exact same name and fill it with harmful code.(然而，聪明的攻击者会注意到人工智能推荐的这个假软件包。然后，攻击者可以轻松创建一个名称完全相同的真实软件包，并在其中填充恶意代码)”可知，攻击者利用人工智能的“包幻觉”的方式是创建一个名称相同但包含恶意代码的软件包。故选C。 9. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“This risk is growing because the use of AI in programming is now very common, and developers are placing more trust in AI’s abilities. As AI tools get better at coding tasks, users are less likely to question their suggestions. This blind trust is precisely what attackers exploit.(这种风险正在增加，因为现在在编程中使用人工智能非常普遍，开发人员对人工智能的能力越来越信任。随着人工智能工具在编码任务上变得越来越擅长，用户不太可能质疑它们的建议。这种盲目信任正是攻击者所利用的)”可知，这种威胁对开发人员特别危险是因为人工智能工具越来越受到信任。故选B。 10. 主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Researchers have recently uncovered a hidden danger in the world of software development: the threat posed by artificial intelligence (AI) tools.(研究人员最近在软件开发领域发现了一个隐藏的危险：人工智能工具带来的威胁)”以及全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了人工智能编码助手存在的隐藏危险，即“包幻觉”带来的安全风险。所以“The Hidden Danger of AI Coding Assistants (人工智能编码助手的隐藏危险)”适合作为本文标题。故选C。 11. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“While checking packages against official lists might help reduce the risk, experts agree that the best solution is to fix the problem at its source during the AI’s development. Researchers have shared their findings with major AI companies, hoping to encourage them to address this critical vulnerability in their systems.(虽然对照官方列表检查软件包可能有助于降低风险，但专家们一致认为，最好的解决方案是在人工智能开发过程中从源头上解决这个问题。研究人员已经与主要的人工智能公司分享了他们的发现，希望能鼓励他们解决系统中这个关键的漏洞)”可推知，研究人员与人工智能公司分享他们的发现意味着他们相信这个问题是可以解决的。故选A。 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 17 / 32 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $