主题语境提分练17 人与社会之不同民族文化习俗(一)-【百强名校168优化组合卷】2026年高考英语高三二轮复习卷

主题语境提分练十七　人与社会之不同民族文化习俗(一) 分值:40分 Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分,共27.5分) (2024·全国甲卷) Each ARTS FIRST festival is a unique annual celebration of the Harvard community's artistic creativity.We invite you to join us for the coming ARTS FIRST.We look forward to welcoming you as we showcase the creativity of the Harvard arts community through performances, art exhibitions and art-making activities.The festival is a public event for Harvard and community members of all ages. Light Awash in Watercolor 　　Learn about the materials and qualities of watercolor paint with experts from the Harvard Art Museums Materials Lab.Try your hand at some of the painting tricks used by artists whose works will be in the upcoming exhibition of American Watercolors, 1880-1990:Into the Light. Spineless Artists:Invertebrate Creativity 　　From webs to cocoons, invertebrates (无脊椎动物) create some of nature's most delicate and beautiful designs.Join Javier Marin from the Harvard Museum of Natural History to learn how insects and other invertebrates dance, inspire fashion and create art, while making your own spineless artists out of craft (手工艺) materials. Wheel Throwing 　　Join instructors from the Ceramics Program and great potters from Quincy, Cabot and Mather Houses for demonstrations using the potter's wheel.Then create your own masterpiece! Knitting and Pom-Pom Making 　　Join the Harvard Undergraduate Knitting Circle to make pom-poms and tassels out of thread, or pick up a pair of needles and learn to knit (编织). 1.What do we know about ARTS FIRST? It is an exhibition of oil paintings. It offers art courses for all ages. It presents recreational activities. It is a major tourist attraction. 2.Which program will you join if you're interested in drawing pictures? Light Awash in Watercolor. Spineless Artists:Invertebrate Creativity. Wheel Throwing. Knitting and Pom-Pom Making. 3.What can you do together with Javier Marin? Practice a traditional dance. Make handcrafts. Visit a local museum. Feed invertebrates. (2023·全国乙卷) If you want to tell the history of the whole world,a history that does not privilege one part of humanity,you cannot do it through texts alone,because only some of the world has ever had texts,while most of the world,for most of the time,has not.Writing is one of humanity's later achievements,and until fairly recently even many literate (有文字的) societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things. Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects,and some chapters of this book are able to do just that,but in many cases we simply can't.The clearest example of this between literate and non-literate history is perhaps the first conflict,at Botany Bay,between Captain Cook's voyage and the Australian Aboriginals.From the English side,we have scientific reports and the captain's record of that terrible day.From the Australian side,we have only a wooden shield (盾) dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot.If we want to reconstruct what was actually going on that day,the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reports. In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides,there are victories accidentally or deliberately twisted,especially when only the victors know how to write.Those who are on the losing side often have only their things to tell their stories.The Caribbean Taino,the Australian Aboriginals,the African people of Benin and the Incas,all of whom appear in this book,can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made:a history told through things gives them back a voice.When we consider contact (联系) between literate and non-literate societies such as these,all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted,only one half of a dialogue.If we are to find the other half of that conversation,we have to read not just the texts,but the objects. 4.What is the first paragraph mainly about? How past events should be presented. What humanity is concerned about. Whether facts speak louder than words. Why written language is reliable. 5.What does the author indicate by mentioning Captain Cook in paragraph 2? His report was scientific. He represented the local people. He ruled over Botany Bay. His record was one-sided. 6.What does the underlined word “conversation” in paragraph 3 refer to? Problem. History. Voice. Society. 7.Which of the following books is the text most likely selected from? How Maps Tell Stories of the World A Short History of Australia A History of the World in 100 Objects How Art Works Tell Stories (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) Human speech contains more than 2,000 different sounds,from the common “m” and “a” to the rare clicks of some southern African languages.But why are certain sounds more common than others?A ground-breaking,five-year study shows that diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the world's languages. More than 30 years ago,the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals,such as “f” and “v”,were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods.Now a team of researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University of Zurich,Switzerland,has found how and why this trend arose. They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned(对齐), making it hard to produce labiodentals,which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. Later,our jaws changed to an overbite structure(结构),making it easier to produce such sounds.  The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculture in the Neolithic period.Food became easier to chew at this point.The jawbone didn't have to do as much work and so didn't grow to be so large. Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic age,with the use of “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years.These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today. This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings evolved around 300,000 years ago.“The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings,but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution,” said Steven Moran,a member of the research team. 8.Which aspect of the human speech sound does Damián Blasi's research focus on? Its variety. Its distribution. Its quantity. Its development. 9.Why was it difficult for ancient human adults to produce labiodentals? They had fewer upper teeth than lower teeth. They could not open and close their lips easily. Their jaws were not conveniently structured. Their lower front teeth were not large enough. 10.What is paragraph 5 mainly about? Supporting evidence for the research results. Potential application of the research findings. A further explanation of the research methods. A reasonable doubt about the research process. 11.What does Steven Moran say about the set of human speech sounds? It is key to effective communication. It contributes much to cultural diversity. It is a complex and dynamic system. It drives the evolution of human beings. Ⅱ.七选五(每小题2.5分,共12.5分) (2022·全国甲卷) Important Things to Know When Dining Out Cultural dining etiquette (礼节) might surprise you with some of its important rules.　1　.Knowing some tips will help ensure that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family—no matter where you are in the world.  Chopstick Rules The way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions.When you put them down between bites,always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you.　2　.  Hands or Utensils (餐具) In India and the Middle East,it's considered very rude to eat with your left hand.People in France expect you to eat with a utensil in each hand.　3　,instead preferring to use their hands.In Chile,you may never touch any food with your fingers.People in Thailand generally use their forks only to push food onto their spoons.  Making Requests 　4　.In Portugal,this would be a serious mistake,because it shows the chef that you don't like their seasoning skills.Similarly,in Italy,never ask for extra cheese to add to your food.  Some of these cultural dining etiquette rules may seem random and strange,but they are important in various countries.　5　,the more comfortable you'll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices.  A.The more friends you make in your lifetime B.The more time you spend in any given country C.Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils D.Don't get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant E.It's a good sign for the chef if you make a mess around your plate F.Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use them G.It may seem like a simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal 1.　　　　　　 2.　　　　　　 3.　　　　　　 4.　　　　　　 5.　　　　　　 词汇积累 A ①合成词:showcase (show+case) v.展示 ②合成词:masterpiece (master+piece) n.杰作 B ①名词动化:question n.问题→v.问;怀疑 ②合成词:first-hand (first+hand) adj.第一手的 C ①合成词:ground-breaking (ground+breaking) adj.独创的;开拓性的 ②合成词:overturn (over+turn) v.推翻 七选五 熟词生义:season n.季节(熟义)v.调味(生义) 难句剖析 C They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned (对齐), making it hard to produce labiodentals, which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. 本句是主从复合句。that引导宾语从句,making it hard to produce labiodentals为现在分词短语作结果状语,其中it作形式宾语,to produce labiodentals作真正的宾语,which引导定语从句,修饰labiodentals。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $多学科网书城画 品牌书店·知名教辅·正版资源 b.zxxk.com 您身边的互联网+教辅专家 主题语境提分练十七 【.【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了哈佛社区的一个集表演、艺术展览、艺术 制作等活动为一体的ARTS FIRST艺术节。 l.C[细节理解题。根据第一段中的We look forward to..through performances,art exhibitions and art-making activities.可知，ARTS FIRST艺术节将通过表演、艺术展览和艺术创作活动来展示哈佛 艺术界的创造力。由此可知，ARTS FIRST艺术节提供娱乐活动，故选C。] 2.A[细节理解题。根据Light Awash in Watercolor部分的Learn about.of watercolor paint'和Ty your hand at some of the painting tricks'可知，在Light Awash in Watercolor项目中可以了解水彩颜料 的原料和特点以及尝试绘画技巧。如果你对绘画感兴趣，可以参加Light Awash in Watercolor。.故选 A。] 3.B[细节理解题。根据Spineless Artists:Invertebrate Creativity部分的Join Javier Marin..while making your own spineless artists out of craft(手工艺)materials.可知，人们可以和Javier Marin一起 用手工艺材料制作自己的无脊椎艺术家”。B项制作手工艺品。符合题意故选B。] 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了对于历史事件的考证不能仅凭文字记录，要注 意文字记录和实物相互印证，以帮助我们重视真实的历史。 4.A[段落大意题。根据文章首段可知如果你想讲述不偏袒人类历史上任何一方的一段世界历史， 你就不能仅依靠文字。文字是人类的后期成果之一，直到最近甚至许多有文字的社会不仅用文字，还 用实物来记载他们的重要的事情。所以此段是说过去的历史事件应结合文字和实物来呈现，不能仅 靠文字。] 5.D推理判断题。根据第二段首句Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects..but in many cases we simply can't.以及该段最后一句If we want to reconstruct what was actually going on that day,the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reports.", 库克船长的记录是片面的。] 6.B[词义猜测题。根据第三段中的a history told through things gives them back a voice'和'all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted,only one half of a dialogue.If we are to find the other half of that conversation,we have to read not just the texts,but the objects.可知，conversation指的是历史。] 7.C文章出处题。本文讲述的重点是强调历史实物考证的重要性，故C项“《100件实物中的世界 历史》正确。] 独家授权侵权必究 多学科网书城画 品牌书店·知名教辅·正版资源 b.zxxk.com 您身边的互联网+教辅专家 【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人类语音的演变与人类的饮食变化之间的关 联研究。 8.D推理判断题。根据第二段及最后一段可推知，Dami0 n Blasi的研究重点是在语音的演变 上。] 9.C[细节理解题。根据第三段可知，古代人的下颚结构特别，因此使他们很难发出唇齿音。] l0.A[段落大意题。根据第五段，尤其是“Analyses of a language database also confirmed可知，第五 段主要提出支持研究结果的证据。] 1l.C推理判断题。根据最后一段Steven Moran说的话the huge variety of speech sounds..is the product of a complex interplay of things'可知，Steven Moran认为语音是一个复杂的动态系统。] Ⅱ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了外出就餐时要知道的一些餐桌礼仪。 l.D[根据文章标题Important Things to Know When Dining Out可知，本文主要介绍的是外出就餐 时应该知道的一些餐桌礼仪。由此可知，D项符合语境，其中at a restaurant'对应标题中的When Dining Out'”,同时l起下文。] 2.F[根据本段小标题可知，本段主要讲述的是使用筷子的规侧。根据上文When you put them..of the table in front of you.可知，此处讲述了正确使用筷子的方式。F项承接上文，也是讲述使用筷子的 规则，其中them指的是上文中的chopsticks”。] 3.C 根据本段小标题可知，本段主要讲述的是用手还是用餐具吃饭的问题。根据空后的：instead preferring to use their hands'可知，C项符合语境。] 4.G[根据本段小标题可知，本段主要讲述的是用餐时提请求的问题。根据下文in Portugal,this would be..their seasoning skills.可知，G项符合此处语境，下文中的this指的就是此项中的to ask for salt and pepper at a meal',且该选项中的request是原词复现。] 5.B [根据下文“the more comfortable you'll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices可推知，l此 处指在一个国家待得越久，就会越习惯当地习俗，且此处是he+比较级the+比较级.结构，B项符 合文意，引出下文。且下文的its指的就是该项中的any given country。] 独家授权侵权必究 学科网书城画 品牌书店·知名教辅·正版资源 b.zxXk.Gom○ 您身边的互联网+教辅专家 ·独家授权侵权必究