主题语境提分练7 人与自我之优秀品行,正确的人生态度(三)-【百强名校168优化组合卷】2026年高考英语高三二轮复习卷

多学科网书城画 品牌书店·知名教辅·正版资源 b.zxXk.com○ 您身边的互联网+教辅专家 主题语境提分练七 【.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要围绕人类道德规范的起源进行讨论，介绍了早期人 类道德准则的形成过程及其如何根植于人类社会之中。 1.C推理判断题。根据第一段可知，因纽特人的生活中，规范是不成文的，因纽特人的道德准则是以 社会传统为基础的。故选C项。] 2.B[细节理解题。根据第二段These universal norms far..…and problem solving.可知，普遍的道德规 范植根于人类基本需求的相似性以及我们学习和解决问题的共同机制，即人类的基本需求导致普遍 的道德规范形成。故选B项。] 3.D[标题归纳题。根据第一段Franz Boas's deseription of...of early humans..以及文章内容可知，本 文围绕人类道德规范的起源进行讨论，主要介绍了早期人类道德准则的形成过程及其如何根植于人 类基本需求及共同的社会学习和问题解决机制中，所以道德的起源适合作为文章标题。故选D项。 ] 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了并非人人都喜欢体育锻炼的原因指出这是因为人 脑对无谓的努力很抵触且锻炼本身的回报不确定，不过大脑能形成长期目标、处理动机，我们能学会 延时满足，为目标不解努力。 4.B[推理判断题。根据第一段中But why doesn't everyone enjoy exercising?和第二段中While physical exercise isn't..to significant discomfort..可知，有些人不喜欢锻炼是因为身体被迫达到体能极 限时会感到明显不适。由此可知，有些人不喜欢对自己的身体施加太大的压力。故选B项。] 5.C[词义猜测题。根据画线词的上文“Another issue is that.the effort required for actions可知，人 脑对无谓的努力很抵触。由此可知，此处指它会阻止我们将重要资源浪费在无效的努力上，画线词 意思应该是浪费，滥用？，与Misusing意思相近。故选C项。] 6.D[写作意图题。第三段中的“Another issue is that the human brain is highly sensitive to wasted effort.指出人脑对无谓的努力很抵触第四段用规律锻炼以保持身材的例子具体说明人脑的这种工 作机制。由此可知，作者写第四段的目的是进一步解释上文的观点。故选D项。] 7.A[细节理解题。根据第五段中While many species'.and do just that.可知，人类与许多其他物种 的不同之处在于，人类能够想象一个美好的未来。故选A项。] 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者和室友凯特相处的一些事情。 8.D[细节理解题。根据第二段Soon,I heard her screaming,Take your shoes away!Why under my bed?可知，那天晚上，凯特非常生气的原因是她看到作者的鞋子在她床下。故选D。] 独家授权侵权必究 色学科网书城四 品牌书店·知名教辅·正版资源 b.zxxk.com 您身边的互联网+教辅专家 9.C推理判断题。根据第三段All of a sudden,a warm feeling of sympathy rose up in my heart.可 以推断出，作者主要是想通过收拾房间这种行为表达对凯特的关心。故选C。] 10.B[写作手法题。根据第一段可知，该段主要通过对比的方式说明两个人在生活习惯方面的巨大 差异。故选B。] ll.D[标题归纳题。根据最后一段最后一句We didn't always agree,but we learned the key to living together::giving in,cleaning up and holding on.以及文章内容可知，本文主要讲述了作者和室友凯特 相处的一些事情。故D选项学会成为室友”最符合文章标题。故选D。] Ⅱ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是健康和健身之间密不可分的关系以及我们 应该通过哪些健身的方式来让自己有一个健康的身体。 l.G[根据空前Health and..ignore our health.可知，因为各种压力，我们的健康容易被忽视，根据空 后It is the fitness..these diseases.可知，身体的健康可以让我们应对各种疾病，空处承上启下，所以空 处应该讲忽视健康对我们的身体及生活的影响。G项承接上文，引出下文，而且G项中的othr diseases'与空后的hese diseases'相互照应，符合上下文语境。故选G项。] 2.B[根据空后We need to be fit..fitness of our body.可知，健康的身体与健身是密不可分的，空处 位于句首，应是本段的主旨句，B项概括全段的主要内容，符合上下文语境。故选B项。] 3.D[根据空前Health is the state..targeted by viruses.可知我们的身体虽然没有生病，但也很虚弱， 随时会生病，根据空后This does not definitely mean that we are not healthy.可知，生病并不一定表明 我们是不健康的。空处承上启下，所以空处应该举例说明我们的身体在虚弱的情况下会生病这样一 种状况，D项承接上文，引出下文，而且空后的This指代D项的we may have a tendency to catch a cold easily'这种情况，符合上下文语境。故选D项。] 4.F[根据空前'It is important for everyone to devote some time to health and fitness.可知我们应该 花时间去健身，根据空后For instance,we must exercise daily regardless of our age and working style..” 可知，我们应该每天坚持锻炼，空处承上启下，所以空处应该讲的是我们应该通过哪些活动来进行锻 炼，F项承接上文，引出下文符合上下文语境。故选F项。] 5.C[根据空前We should have at least...us against diseases.可知我们应该保障充足的睡眠，根据空 后This,in turn,gives us new goals of health and fitness.可知，充足的睡眠会对我们的健康和健身目 标很有好处，空处承上启下，所以空处应该继续讲充足的睡眠的好处，C项承接上文，引出下文符合上 下文语境。故选C项。] 独家授权侵权必究 主题语境提分练七　人与自我之优秀品行,正确的人生态度(三) 分值:40分 Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分,共27.5分) (2024·北京卷)Franz Boas's description of Inuit (因纽特人) life in the 19th century illustrates the probable moral code of early humans.Here, norms (规范) were unwritten and rarely expressed clearly, but were well understood and taken to heart.Dishonest and violent behaviours were disapproved of; leadership, marriage and interactions with other groups were loosely governed by traditions.Conflict was often resolved in musical battles.Because arguing angrily leads to chaos, it was strongly discouraged.With life in the unforgiving Northern Canada being so demanding, the Inuit's practical approach to morality made good sense. The similarity of moral virtues across cultures is striking, even though the relative ranking of the virtues may vary with a social group's history and environment.Typically, cruelty and cheating are discouraged, while cooperation, humbleness and courage are praised.These universal norms far pre-date the concept of any moralising religion or written law.Instead, they are rooted in the similarity of basic human needs and our shared mechanisms for learning and problem solving.Our social instincts (本能) include the intense desire to belong.The approval of others is rewarding, while their disapproval is strongly disliked.These social emotions prepare our brains to shape our behaviour according to the norms and values of our family and our community.More generally, social instincts motivate us to learn how to behave in a socially complex world. The mechanism involves a repurposed reward system originally used to develop habits important for self-care.Our brains use the system to acquire behavioural patterns regarding safe routes home, efficient food gathering and dangers to avoid.Good habits save time, energy and sometimes your life.Good social habits do something similar in a social context.We learn to tell the truth, even when lying is self-serving; we help a grandparent even when it is inconvenient.We acquire what we call a sense of right and wrong. Social benefits are accompanied by social demands: we must get along, but not put up with too much.Hence self-discipline is advantageous.In humans, a greatly enlarged brain boosts self-control, just as it boosts problem-solving skills in the social as well as the physical world.These abilities are strengthened by our capacity for language, which allows social practices to develop in extremely unobvious ways. 1.What can be inferred about the forming of the Inuit's moral code? Living conditions were the drive. Unwritten rules were the target. Social tradition was the basis. Honesty was the key. 2.What can we learn from this passage? Inconveniences are the cause of telling lies. Basic human needs lead to universal norms. Language capacity is limited by self-control. Written laws have great influence on virtues. 3.Which would be the best title for this passage? Virtues: Bridges Across Cultures The Values of Self-discipline Brains: Walls Against Chaos The Roots of Morality (2024·天津卷改编)Humans have evolved (进化) to spend long periods doing physical exercise.But why doesn't everyone enjoy exercising? The complexity of the human brain is to blame. Evolving an ability doesn't automatically mean we'll want to use it.While physical exercise isn't that bad, it's still typically unpleasant.It has to be: you're pushing your body to its physical limits, which leads to significant discomfort. Another issue is that the human brain is highly sensitive to wasted effort.Studies have shown that it calculates  the effort required for actions and tends to stop us from squandering vital resources on fruitless efforts, like walking over 30 km for a handful of berries.  The thing is, regular exercise to get “in shape” requires constant and considerable effort—all for gradual progress and uncertain rewards.So, your brain's tendency to ask “Is it worth it?”will be hard to quieten.This particular feature also means we typically prefer things which offer minimum effort for maximum reward. Thankfully, the human brain is a complex organ.It isn't ruled by its more primitive drives.While many species' thought processes are limited to “Food, eat it!”, “Danger, run!”, “Pain, avoid!”, we've evolved beyond that.Our brains can form multiple long-term goals and ambitions.We can imagine a desirable future scenario (情况), figure out how we'd achieve it, and do just that.Or at least work toward it.This directly impacts how our brain processes motivation and willpower. It makes us capable of delayed gratification (满足):we can recognize that rejecting a reward now can lead to a greater reward later, and act accordingly. So how does the brain process motivation? The self-discrepancy (自我差异) theory suggests we have several “selves” active in our minds at any given time: our “actual” self, our “ideal” self, and our “ought” self.Your “actual” self is how you are right now.Your “ideal” self is what you want to be.And your “ought” self is the self that does what you ought to be doing to become your “ideal” self.So, if your “ideal” self is a professional footballer, and your “actual” self isn't, your “ought” self is the one that spends a lot of time training, exercising, and getting better at football. As far as your brain is concerned, there are processes that discourage exercise, and processes that encourage it.Ideally, you'll end up putting more weight on the latter than the former. 4.What can be learnt from the first two paragraphs? Some people are born physically weaker than others. Some people dislike driving themselves too hard physically. Most people have the habit of doing physical exercise. Most people do physical exercise for comfort and pleasure. 5.Which is closest in meaning to the underlined word “squandering” in Paragraph 3? Conserving. Mixing. Misusing. Sharing. 6.What is the author's purpose in writing Paragraph 4? To raise a question. To provide a definition. To make a comparison. To further explain a point. 7.According to the author, how are humans different from many other species? Humans are able to picture a favorable future. Humans benefit more from painful experiences. Humans care more about immediate rewards. Humans are skilled at avoiding dangers. I was never very neat, while my roommate Kate was extremely organized.Each of her objects had its place, but mine always hid somewhere.She even labeled (贴标签) everything.I always looked for everything.Over time, Kate got neater and I got messier.She would push my dirty clothing over, and I would lay my books on her tidy desk.We both got tired of each other. War broke out one evening.Kate came into the room.Soon, I heard her screaming, “Take your shoes away! Why under my bed?”Deafened, I saw my shoes flying at me.I jumped to my feet and started yelling.She yelled back louder. The room was filled with anger.We could not have stayed together for a single minute but for a phone call.Kate answered it.From her end of the conversation, I could tell right away her grandma was seriously ill.When she hung up, she quickly crawled (爬) under her covers, sobbing.Obviously, that was something she should not go through alone.All of a sudden, a warm feeling of sympathy rose up in my heart. Slowly, I collected the pencils, took back the books, made my bed, cleaned the socks and swept the floor, even on her side.I got so into my work that I even didn't notice Kate had sat up.She was watching, her tears dried and her expression one of disbelief. Then, she reached out her hands to grasp mine.I looked up into her eyes.She smiled at me, “Thanks.” Kate and I stayed roommates for the rest of the year.We didn't always agree, but we learned the key to living together: giving in, cleaning up and holding on. 8.What made Kate so angry one evening? She couldn't find her books. She heard the author shouting loud. She got the news that her grandma was ill. She saw the author's shoes beneath her bed. 9.The author tidied up the room most probably because 　　　　.  she was scared by Kate's anger she hated herself for being so messy she wanted to show her care she was asked by Kate to do so 10.How is Paragraph 1 mainly developed? By analyzing causes. By showing differences. By describing a process. By following time order. 11.What might be the best title for the story? My Friend Kate Hard Work Pays Off How to Be Organized Learning to Be Roommates Ⅱ.七选五(每小题2.5分,共12.5分) (2022·北京卷) Health and fitness help a person live a good and healthy life. Often due to various pressures, we tend to ignore our health.　1　 It is the fitness level of our body that helps us fight these diseases.  　2　 We need to be fit to have a healthy body. Similarly, if we are healthy we shall naturally be attracted towards maintaining the fitness of our body. Health is the state of our body at a given time. We may not have any disease but still have a weak body, which is ready to be targeted by viruses. 　3　 This does not definitely mean that we are not healthy. It means the fitness level is not in accordance with our age and the climatic conditions we live in.  It is important for everyone to devote some time to health and fitness.　4　 For instance, we must exercise daily regardless of our age and working style. There are different levels of exercises for different age groups and we must do them according to our own health and age.  Additionally, it is important to relax our body. We should have at least six to eight hours of sleep every day. It helps in improving our immune (免疫) system and protects us against diseases.　5　 This, in turn, gives us new goals of health and fitness.  A.Fitness levels decide the quality of life. B.Health and fitness are interrelated to each other. C.It also helps in keeping us calm and relaxes our mind. D.For instance, we may have a tendency to catch a cold easily. E.If we keep our body fit, we can enjoy life in a better manner. F.There are some activities which everyone should do in our life. G.This makes our body suffer and we will catch other diseases. 1.　　　　　　 2.　　　　　　 3.　　　　　　 4.　　　　　　 5.　　　　　　 词汇积累 A ①派生词:discouraged (dis+courage+ed) adj.灰心的,丧气的;气馁的 ②派生词:unforgiving (un+forgive+ing) adj.不可宽恕的,不能原谅的 ③派生词:demanding (demand+ing) adj.苛刻的;要求很高的;费时的;劳神的 B ①派生词:complexity (complex+ity) n.复杂性 ②派生词:fruitless (fruit+less) adj.没有成果的,无益的;不结果实的;不成功的 ③派生词:considerable (consider+able) adj.相当大/多的 ④合成词:willpower (will+power) n.意志力 C ①reach out (使)伸出 ②派生词:deafened (deaf+en+ed) adj.变聋的 ③派生词:disbelief (dis+belief) n.不相信,怀疑 七选五 ①in accordance with按照;依据 ②名词动化:target n.目标;靶子→v.以……为攻击目标;瞄准 难句剖析 B Studies have shown that it calculates the effort required for actions and tends to stop us from squandering vital resources on fruitless efforts, like walking over 30 km for a handful of berries. 本句是主从复合句。句中that引导宾语从句,required for actions为过去分词短语作定语,修饰the effort。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $