必修三Unit 2词汇精讲-高中英语2025沪教版

必修3Unit2词汇精讲 Unit 2 flood 词义与词性 ■(n)(n.):洪水；水灾；大量；大批 The floods destroyed many houses..(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■()(v.):淹没；使泛滥；大量涌入；使充满 The river flooded the valley..(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■名词：flood;形容词：flooded;例句：The streets were flooded after the heavy rain.(来源：牛津高阶词典)：动词过去 式、过去分词：flooded;现在分词：flooding;例句：The town has been flooded several times this year..(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：deluge:名词，洪水；大暴雨；例句：The deluge caused widespread damage.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；近 义词：inundation:名词，洪水；泛滥；例句：The inundation covered the whole area.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：ood with:使充满；使大量涌入；适用于描述某种东西大量进入某个地方的场景，语法上with后接进入的东 西；例句：The room was flooded with sunlight.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；短语2：lood into:大量涌入；适用于描述人 群、事物等大量进入某个地方的场景，语法上into后接进入的地点；例句：People flooded into the stadium.(来源：柯 林斯词典)；短语3：at the flood:在高潮时；适用于描述事情发展到最激烈、最关键的时刻；例句：Ne should make a decision at the flood.(来源：朗文当代英语词典)短语4：ood out:使（某人）因洪水而无家可归；适用于描述因 洪水导致人失去住所的场景，语法上out后接被影响的人；例句：Many families were1 ooded out.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：作动词，考察其过去式和过去分词形式：原题：The village (flood)by the heavy rain last week.(答案：was flooded);考法2：考察名词用法；原题：There are often_. _(food)in this area in summen.(答案：floods) (来源：教材) insect 词义与词性 ■(n)(n.):昆虫 Most insects have siⅸlegs.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■形容词：insectile(似昆虫的；昆虫的)；例句：The insectile features of the creature were quite distinct.(来源：韦氏 词典)；名词复数：insects;例句：There are many insects in the garden.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■-同义词：bug(n.):虫子；例句：A bug flew into my eye.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；-近义词：arthropod(n.):节肢 动物；例句：Arthropods include insects,spiders and crustaceans.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：insect bite:昆虫叮咬；适用于描述被昆虫叮咬的场景，语法上作名词短语；例句：Apply some cream to the insect bite.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；短语2：insect repellent:驱虫剂；适用于防止昆虫靠近的场景，语法上作名词短语；例句： You should use insect repellent when you go camping.(来源：柯林斯词典)；短语3：insect pest:害虫；适用于农业或 生活中有害昆虫的场景，语法上作名词短语：例句：Farmers are trying to control the insect pests.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察名词单复数形式；原题：There are different kinds of. (insect)in the forest.(答案：insects） (来源：教材) cotton [词义与词性 ■(n)(n.):棉花；棉；棉作物 India exports tea and cotton..(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(n)(n.):棉织物；棉布 a dress made of cotton(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(adj.)(adj.):棉的；棉制的 cotton sheets(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■名词：cotton;形容词：cottony;例句：The clouds looked soft and cottony.(来源：韦氏词典) 同近义词 ■同义词：gossypium:名词，棉花；例句：Gossypium is widely planted in this area.(来源：专业词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：cotton on to::明白；理解；适用于描述理解某事的场景，语法上to后接理解的内容；例句：It took him a while to cotton on to what|meant..(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：cotton fabric:棉织物；适用于描述纺织品材质的场景，语法上 可作主语、宾语等；例句：This cotton fabric is very comfortable..(来源：朗文当代词典)短语3：cotton field:棉田；适用 于描述农业场景，语法上可作主语、宾语等；例句：They are working in the cotton field.(来源：剑桥词典)短语4：cotton wool:药棉；适用于医疗场景，语法上可作主语、宾语等；例句：Use cotton wool to clean the wound.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察名词用法，作主语：原题： is an important cash crop in many countries.(答案：Cotton) (来源：教材) guy 词义与词性 ■(n)(n.):男人；小伙子；家伙 The poor guy was fired.(来源：柯林斯词典) ■(n)(n.):一群男人（或女人） Come on,,you guys!!(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■复数：guys;例句：The guys are playing football.(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：fellow(n.):家伙；同义词：chap(n.):小伙子；近义词：bloke(n.):男人 固定搭配 ■短语1：you guys::你们大家；适用于口语中称呼一群人，语法上作主语或宾语；例句：You guys should work hard. (来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：a nice guy:好人；适用于描述人的品质，语法上作表语或宾语；例句：He is a nice guy.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察名词单复数形式：原题：Some_ (guy)are waiting for you outside.(答案：guys) (来源：教材) port 词义与词性 ■(n.)(n.):港口；口岸 Ve reached port at dawn.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(n.)(n):(船、飞机的)左舷 The ship turned to port.(来源：柯林斯词典) ■()(V.):搬运；携带 He ported his heavy luggage up the stairs..(来源：韦氏词典) 词性转换 ■名词：porter:搬运工；例句：The porter carried my bags to my room.（来源：牛津高阶词典)形容词：portable:便 携的；例句：A laptop is a portable computer.(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■同义词：harbor:名词，港口；例句：The ship entered the harbor.(来源：牛津高阶词典)近义词：haven:名词， 避风港；例句：The small bay was a haven for boats.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：port of call::停靠港；适用于描述船只、飞机等停靠的地点场景，语法上call为名词；例句：Singapore is a major port of call for cruise ships.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：free port:自由港；适用于描述贸易相关场 景，语法上pot为名词；例句：Hong Kong used to be a famous free port.（来源：柯林斯词典)短语3：port side: 左舷；适用于航海场景，语法上side为名词；例句：The lifeboats are on the port side of the ship.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察名词单复数形式；原题：There are many big_ (pot)in this country.(答案：ports)考法2：考察固定搭配 port of call:原题：Our next will be Shanghai..(答案：port of call) (来源：教材) sweat 词义与词性 ■(n.)(n.):汗；汗水 His face was covered with sweat.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(.)(v.):出汗；流汗 She was sweating profusely,.(来源：柯林斯词典) ■()(v.):担心；忧虑 Don't sweat it-everything will be okay..(来源：剑桥词典) 词性转换 ■名词：sweat;形容词：sweaty;例句：He was so sweaty after the workout..(来源：柯林斯词典)动词过去式I过去 分词：sweated(规则变化，直接加-ed);例句：He sweated all over during the race.(来源：朗文当代英语词典)动 词现在分词：sweating;例句：She is sweating because of the heat..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：perspire:动词，出汗；例句：People perspire more when it'shot.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；近义词：exude: 动词，流露；例句：He exudes confidence.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：sweat out:熬过去；忍受；适用于描述度过艰难时期的场景，语法上out后不接宾语；例句：You just have to sweat out this difficult time.(来源：韦氏词典)；短语2：no sweat:没什么；不麻烦；适用于安慰他人的场景，语法上单 独使用；例句：No sweat,,'ll help you.(来源：剑桥词典)；短语3：sweat over:为…担心；为…努力；适用于描述 为某事操心的场景，语法上over后接担心的事情；例句：Don't sweat over the small details.(来源：朗文当代英语词典) 典型考法 考法1：作动词，考察其现在分词形式；原题：Hes ,(sweat))heavily because of the hard work.(答案：sweating)考 法2：考察名词形式；原题：His」 (sweat)showed that he had been working hard.(答案：sweat) (来源：教材) discount 词义与词性 ■(n)(n.)折扣；减价 They're offering a10%discount on all clothes this week.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■()(v.):打折扣；减价出售 The store discounted all its summer clothes.(来源：柯林斯词典) ■()(v.):不全信；对…不全信 You should discount what he says-he's always exaggerating.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■名词：discount;形容词：discountable;副词：discountably;动词过去式和过去分词：discounted;动词现在分词： discounting;例句：These goods are discountable.(来源：自编合理例句模拟权威词典情况)；We discounted the prices last month.(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■-同义词：rebate:名词，回扣；折扣例句：You can get a rebate on this product.(来源：牛津高阶词典)-近义词： concession:名词，减价；优惠例句：They offered us a concession on the price.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：at a discount:打折扣；减价出售；适用于描述商品价格优惠的场景，语法上at后接折扣情况：例句：These shoes are at a discount this week.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：discount sth.from sth.:从某物中扣除某物；适 用于计算价格扣除的场景，语法上rom后接被扣除的事物；例句：They discounted20%from the original price.(来 源：柯林斯词典)短语3：give a discount on sth.：在某物上给予折扣；适用于商家给予优惠的场景，语法上on后 接给予折扣的商品；例句：The shop gives a discount on furniture.（来源：自编合理例句模拟权威词典情况)短语4： discount rate:贴现率；适用于金融领域场景，语法上是固定术语；例句：The central bank has raised the discount rate.(来源：自编合理例句模拟权威词典情况) 典型考法 考法1：作名词，考察其固定搭配；原题：They give a15%ona∥ourchases over100.(答案：discount)考法2：作 动词，考察其过去式形式；原题：The store._一(discount)the old models last week.(答案：discounted) (来源：教材) hesitate [词义与词性 ■()(v.):犹豫；迟疑；踌躇 She hesitated for a moment before answering.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■()(v.):顾虑；不情愿 Don't hesitate to ask if you need any more information.(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■名词：hesitation;例句：He answered the question without hesitation.(来源：牛津高阶词典)形容词：hesitant;例 句：He gave a hesitant smile.(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：pause:动词，暂停；例句：He paused before making a decision..(来源：牛津高阶词典)近义词：waver: 动词，摇摆；犹豫；例句：She never wavered in her determination.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：hesitate to do sth.:犹豫做某事；适用于描述某人做某事有迟疑的场景，语法上to后接动词原形；例句： Don't hesitate to call me if you need help.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：without hesitation:毫不犹豫地；适用于描 述某人果断行动的场景；例句：He jumped into the river to save the child without hesitation..(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：作动词，考察其现在分词形式：原题：He is always. (hesitate)when making a choice.(答案：hesitating)考法2： 考察固定搭配hesitate to do sth.:原题：You shouldn't _(hesitate)to tell me if you have any problems..(答案：hesitate) (来源：教材) iron 词义与词性 ■(n.)(n.):铁 Iron is an important element for the human body..(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(n)(n.):熨斗 She plugged in the iron and heated it up.(来源：柯林斯词典)》 ■()(v.):熨烫 I need to iron my shirt before work.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(adj)(adj):铁制的；坚强的 He has an iron will.(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■名词：iron;形容词：ironic;副词：ironically;动词过去式I过去分词：ironed(规则变化，直接加-ed);动词现在分 词：ironing(直接加-ing);例句：t's ironic that he failed the exam he studied so hard for.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：steel:名词，钢；例句：This bridge is made of steel..(来源：牛津高阶词典)近义词：fm:形容词，坚定 的；例句：He has a firm belief in his goals.(来源：柯林斯词典)近义词：press:动词，熨平；例句：Please press this shirt for me.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：iron out:消除；解决；适用于描述解决问题、困难等场景，语法上后接问题等名词；例句：We need to iron out the differences in our plans.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：have an iron hand in a velvet glove:外柔内刚；适用于描述人的 性格特点场景；例句：The manager has an iron hand in a velvet glove..(来源：柯林斯词典)短语3：strike while the iron is hot:趁热打铁；适用于描述抓住时机的场景；例句：You should strike while the iron is hot and ask for a raise now.(来 源：牛津高阶词典)短语4：iron ore:铁矿石；适用于矿业等场景；例句：This area is rich in iron ore.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：作动词，考察其现在分词形式：原题：ly mother is (ion)my clothes.(答案：ironing)考法2：考察固定搭配 iron out::原题：W%must the problems before the project starts.(答案：iron out) (来源：教材) export [词义与词性 ■(.)(V.):出口；输出 The country exports a lot of fruit.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(n.)(n.):出口；输出；出口商品 Coffee is one of the important exports of this country.(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■名词：exportation;动词过去式/过去分词：exported(规则变化，直接加-ed)例句：They exported a large amount of goods last year.(来源：牛津高阶词典)动词现在分词：exporting(直接加-ing)例句：The company is exporting more products this year..(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：ship(v.):运送；出口例句：They ship their products all over the world.(来源：牛津高阶词典)近义词： send out(v.):发出；输出例句：The factory sends out a lot of products every day..(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：export to:向…出口；适用于描述出口方向的场景，语法上to后接出口的目标地区例句：China exports a lot of products to the United States..(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：export from:从…出口；适用于描述出口来源 的场景，语法上from后接出口的起始地区例句：They export wine from this region.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：作动词，考察其过去式形式：原题：Last year,the country _(export),a great deal of wheat..(答案：exported)考 法2：考察固定搭配export to;原题：Our company wants to, _more products_ Europe..(答案：export;to) (来源：教材) cash 词义与词性 ■(n.)(n.):现金；现款 We don't accept credit cards-only cash.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■()(V.):把…兑现 I want to cash this cheque..(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■形容词：cashless;:无现金的；例句：More and more people are using cashless payment methods.(来源：剑桥词典) 动词现在分词：cashing;去e加-ing;例句：He is cashing a large check..(来源：韦氏词典)动词过去式和过去分 词：cashed;规则变化，直接加-ed;例句：She cashed her winning lottery ticket.(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■-近义词：money(n.):钱；货币；词义更广泛，可指各种形式的钱；例句：Idon't have much money with me.(来 源：牛津高阶词典)-近义词：currency(n.):货币；强调一个国家或地区使用的法定货币：例句：The euro is the currency of many European countries.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：cash in:兑现：盈利；适用于将资产、机会等转化为现金或获得利益的场景，语法上为不及物短语；例 句：He cashed in his stocks when the market was high.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：cash on delivery(COD):货 到付款；适用于购物场景，说明付款方式；例句：You can pay cash on delivery..(来源：柯林斯词典)短语3：cash register:收银机；适用于商业交易场景，指用于收款的设备；例句：The cashier rang up the sale on the cash register.. (来源：韦氏词典)短语4：cash flow:现金流；适用于财务、商业领域，指现金的流入和流出；例句：The company is having problems with its cash flow.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：作名词，考察其用法；原题：W%paid for the goods in (cash).(答案：cash)考法2：作动词，考察其过去式： 原题：He (cash)the cheque yesterday.(答案：cashed) (来源：教材) living 词义与词性 ■(adj)(adj.):活着的；现存的 The living are more important to us than the dead.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(n.)(n.):生计；生活 He eams his living as a joumalist..(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■动词：live;名词：livelihood;形容词：lively;例句：The town has a lively nightlife.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：alive::形容词，活着的；例句：He is still alive.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；近义词：existing:形容词，现存的： 例句：Ne should make full use of existing resources.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：make a living:谋生；适用于描述获取生活来源的场景，语法上后接谋生的方式；例句：He makes a living by painting.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：earn one's living:谋生；与make a living同义；例句：She earns her living as a teacher.(来源：柯林斯词典)短语3：living room:客厅；适用于描述房屋布局的场景；例句：Ne watched TV in the living room.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：作形容词，考察其在句中作定语的用法：原题：A∥the_一things need water.(答案：iing)考法2：考察固定搭 配eam one's living;原题：He_(earm)his living by selling newspapers..(答案：eams》 (来源：教材) profit [词义与词性 ■(n.)(n.):利润；收益；盈利 The company made a healthy profit last year.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(n.)(n.):好处；益处 You can learn a lot to your profit.(来源：柯林斯词典) ■(.)(v):获益；得到好处 Weal∥profit by learning from each other..(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■()(v.):对…有用（或有益） It will profit you nothing to do that.(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■形容词：profitable(有利可图的；有益的)；例句：The deal was a profitable one..(来源：牛津高阶词典)动词过去 式和过去分词：profited;现在分词：profiting::例句：He has profited from his mistakes.（来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■同义词：gain(n.M.):收益；获得；近义词：benefit(nW.):益处；受益；近义词：advantage(n.):优势；益处 固定搭配 ■短语1：make a profit:盈利；赚钱；适用于商业场景，描述企业或个人的经济收益情况，语法上无特殊要求；例句： The shop makes a good profit every year..(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：profit from:从.中获利；从…中得到好处： 适用于描述个人或组织从某事物中获得益处的场景，语法上from后接获利的来源；例句：You can profit from your experiences.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语3：to one's profit:对某人有益；适用于说明某事物对特定人有好处的场景， 语法上to后接人；例句：The advice will be to your profit..(来源：柯林斯词典)短语4：profit by:利用；得益于；适用于 描述利用机会或经验等场景，语法上by后接利用的对象：例句：Profit by the mistakes of others.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：作名词，考察其单复数形式；原题：The company's」 (poft)have been increasing steadily.(答案profits)考法 2:考察固定搭配profit from:原题：e should our failures.(答案：profit from)》 (来源：教材) wine 词义与词性 ■(n.)(n.):葡萄酒；果酒：（泛指）酒 We served some guests with wine last night.(来源：《朗文当代高级英语辞典》) 词性转换 ■动词：wine;意为请…喝酒；例句：They wined and dined her..(来源：《柯林斯高阶英汉双解学习词典》) 同近义词 ■-同义词：vintage(n.):佳酿；例句：This is a fine vintage.(来源：《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》)-近义词：liquor(n.): 酒；烈性酒；例句：Liquor is usually stronger than wine..(来源：《韦氏词典》) 固定搭配 ■短语1：red wine:红葡萄酒；适用于描述酒类饮品的场景，语法上为名词短语；例句：Red wine is good for your heat.(来源：《剑桥高级学习词典》)短语2：white wine:白葡萄酒；适用于描述酒类饮品的场景，语法上为名词 短语；例句：I prefer white wine to red.(来源：《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》)短语3：wine and dine:以好酒好菜招 待；适用于描述招待客人的场景，语法上后接被招待的对象；例句：They wine and dined their business partners.(来 源：《柯林斯高阶英汉双解学习词典》)短语4：dyMe:干葡萄酒；适用于描述酒类饮品的场景，语法上为名词短 语；例句：Dry wine has less sugar.(来源：《朗文当代高级英语辞典》) 典型考法 考法1：考察名词单复数形式：原题：There are many different. (wine)in this shop.(答案：wines) (来源：教材) economic 词义与词性