Unit 2 The things around us（单元自测·基础卷）英语沪教版必修第三册

Unit 2 The things around us单元自测·基础卷 （考试时间：90分钟 试卷满分：115分） 注意事项： 1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。 3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 I. Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分） Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Apple Rolls Out Thinner iPhone, Higher Price Apple has rolled out its next generation of iPhones, including a thin model called the iPhone Air, as well as a price increase for one of its more expensive models. All four new iPhone 17 models will have better cameras and longer-lasting batteries than last year’s models. The front camera will also have an option called “Center Stage” 1 will take advantage of a wider field of view, and a new sensor allowing users to take landscape photos 2 having to turn the phone. All iPhone 17s will have at least 256 gigabytes of storage, 3 (double) the minimum amount from the last generation. “We 4 (raise) the bar again,” Apple CEO Tim Cook said in front of a crowd on the company’s campus in Cupertino, California, on September 9. The iPhone Air will start at $1,000—the price of last year’s iPhone 16 Pro. However, Apple will charge $1,100 for the iPhone 17 Pro, 5 increase of $100 from previous versions of that model. The starting price for the basic iPhone 17 will be unchanged at $800, and the iPhone 17 Pro Max will also be unchanged at $1,200. All four models will be in stores on September 19. The new phones 6 (expect) to be made in Apple’s factories in China and India. However, US President Donald Trump has insisted that iPhones 7 (make) in the US. Cook has tried to placate (安抚) Trump by promising that Apple 8 (invest) $500 billion in the US over the next four years. He added another $100 billion to that promise last month, and also gifted Trump a plaque with a 24-karat gold base. However, iPhones 9 (bring) into the US will still face Trump’s tariffs of about 25%. 10 some experts had expected Apple to raise prices due to the tariffs, it seems the company will continue to keep most of the same prices it has used for its newest iPhones in recent years. 【答案】 1．which 2．without 3．doubling 4．have raised 5．an 6．are expected 7．(should) be made 8．will invest 9．brought 10．Although/Though/While 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章围绕苹果公司发布新一代iPhone展开，介绍了新iPhone在配置上的提升，各型号价格变化，生产地相关情况以及美国关税对其价格的影响等内容。 1．考查定语从句。句意：前置摄像头还将有一个名为“居中舞台”的选项，它将利用更宽的视野范围以及一个新传感器，让用户无需转动手机就能拍摄风景照片。 “____1____ will take advantage of a wider field of view”为定语从句，先行词为“an option called “Center Stage””，指物，在从句中作主语，所以需用关系代词which来引导该定语从句，使句子结构完整，逻辑清晰。故填which。 2．考查介词。句意：前置摄像头还将有一个名为“居中舞台”的选项，它将利用更宽的视野范围以及一个新传感器，让用户无需转动手机就能拍摄风景照片。根据语境，这里表达的是一种否定的条件，即“不”需要转动手机，所以用介词without，它表示“没有；无”的意思，符合上下文逻辑。故填without。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：所有iPhone 17至少将拥有256GB的存储空间，是上一代最低存储量的两倍。句中已有谓语动词“will have”，此空应用非谓语动词形式。“All iPhone 17s will have at least 256 gigabytes of storage”这一情况导致了“double the minimum amount from the last generation”这个结果，且两者是主动关系，所以用现在分词doubling作结果状语，表明伴随前面动作发生所产生的结果。故填doubling。 4．考查动词时态。句意：“我们再次提高了标准，”苹果首席执行官蒂姆·库克9月9日在位于加利福尼亚州库比蒂诺的公司园区对人群说道。结合语境，这里强调苹果公司推出新产品这一行为对现在造成的影响，即已经提升了标准，所以要用现在完成时。现在完成时的结构是“have/has +过去分词”，主语“We”是复数，所以用have raised。故填have raised。 5．考查冠词。句意：然而，苹果公司将对iPhone 17 Pro收取1100美元，比该型号的 以前的版本增加了100美元。“an increase of...”是固定表达，意为“……的增长”，increase在这里表示“增长额”，是可数名词，且其发音以元音音素开头，所以要用不定冠词an。故填an。 6．考查动词时态和语态。句意：新款手机预计将在中国和印度的苹果工厂生产。句子描述的是一般的、普遍被预期的情况，所以用一般现在时。同时，“The new phones”和“expect”之间是被动关系，即“新款手机被预期”，一般现在时被动语态的结构是“am/is/are +过去分词”，主语是复数，所以用are expected。故填are expected。 7．考查虚拟语气。句意：然而，美国总统唐纳德·特朗普坚称iPhone应该在美国生产。当insist表示“坚持要求”时，其后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，其结构为“(should)+动词原形”。“iPhones”和“make”之间是被动关系，所以用(should) be made，should可以省略。故填(should) be made。 8．考查动词时态。句意：库克试图安抚特朗普，承诺苹果公司将在未来四年内在美国投资5000亿美元。根据时间状语“over the next four years（在接下来的四年里）”可知，这里表示将来要发生的动作，所以要用一般将来时，其结构为“will +动词原形”，所以填will invest。故填will invest。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，被带入美国的iPhone仍将面临特朗普征收的约25%的关税。句中已有谓语动词“will face”，此空应用非谓语动词。“iPhones”和“bring”之间是被动关系，即“iPhone被带入美国”，所以用过去分词brought作后置定语，修饰“iPhones”，表示被动和完成的动作。故填brought。 10．考查连词。句意：尽管一些专家曾预计苹果会因关税提高价格，但该公司似乎将继续保持近年来其最新款iPhone的大部分相同价格。根据前后句的逻辑关系，“一些专家预计苹果提价”和“苹果公司保持价格不变”之间存在转折关系，所以用Although/Though/While引导让步状语从句，它们都有“尽管”的意思，符合语境。首字母大写。故填Although/Though/While。 Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．constantly        B．concern        C． impact        D．emphasis        E weight F. trendy           G. generation      H. pattern        I. alternative        J. surrounded K. elegantly The Rise of Retro Fashion Do you care about what you wear? Some people are very fashion-conscious, carefully selecting the clothes they buy and how they dress. Fashionistas (时尚达人) always want to be seen in the latest designer gear. But that trend is changing as retro or vintage clothing is becoming a popular and often cheaper 11 . Of course, “vintage” clothing is really second-hand clothing, worn before but given a second life. The fashion industry has rebranded this stuff to make it look 12 and possibly give it a higher price tag. Whereas we may have seen an old faded pair of jeans or a dress with a flower 13 sold at a jumble sale (旧货拍卖会), now we are 14 with boutique and pop-up shops dedicated to the stuff. And in the UK, one supermarket chain has started selling second-hand clothes in some of its stores. According to managing director Steve Lynam, the more people invest in the circular economy and shop vintage, the bigger 15 we will have on climate change. Certainly, buying vintage puts 16 on extending the life of clothing. It cuts down on waste and helps to reduce the environmental damage caused by manufacturing new clothes. It’s also led to the rise of retro-fashion-items that your mum or dad wore decades ago that now look 17 cool again! It’s a big thing with younger people and has been helped by the rise of platforms like Depop and Vinted, which sell “worn” clothes online. As lanina Lucca, Senior Vice President at Depop explained: “The new 18 is looking to make choices that reduce their impact on the environment, with 77% of Gen Z saying that their biggest environmental 19 being that they want their choices to reduce waste.” Another popular way of buying old clothes is in a vintage kilo sale. People pick what they want and then pay according to 20 rather than per item. Some items are upcycled — re-modelled or re-worked by adding embroidery, patches and other additions. However, these second-hand clothes are worn or re-designed, the sustainability of vintage fashion means it’s here to stay for some time to come. 【答案】 11．I 12．F 13．H 14．J 15．C 16．D 17．K 18．G 19．B 20．E 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了复古二手时尚的兴起这一现象，并着重分析了越来越多的人对二手古着青睐有加的原因。 11．考查名词。句意：但这一趋势正在改变，复古服装或古着正成为一种流行且往往更便宜的选择。分析句子可知，空处被popular和often cheaper修饰，作becoming的表语，名词alternative“选择”符合题意，句中表示“一种流行且往往更便宜的选择”。故选I。 12．考查形容词。句意：时尚界给这种东西重新打上了标签，让它看起来时尚，可能还会卖得更高。分析句子可知，空处作look的表语，形容词trendy“时尚的”符合题意，句中表示“让它看起来时尚”。故选F。 13．考查名词。句意：虽然我们可能会在旧货拍卖会上看到一条褪色的旧牛仔裤或一条印有花朵图案的裙子，但现在我们周围都是专门出售这些东西的精品店和快闪店。分析句子可知，空处被flower修饰，作with的宾语，名词pattern“图案”符合题意，和flower搭配表示“花朵图案”。故选H。 14．考查动词。句意：虽然我们可能会在旧货拍卖会上看到一条褪色的旧牛仔裤或一条印有花朵图案的裙子，但现在我们周围都是专门出售这些东西的精品店和快闪店。分析句子可知，空处作主句的谓语，根据空前的are可推知，句子可能使用了被动语态，动词的过去分词形式surrounded“包围”符合题意，be surrounded by是固定短语，意为“被……包围”。故选J。 15．考查名词。句意：总经理Steve Lynam表示，投资循环经济和购买古着的人越多，我们对气候变化的影响就越大。分析句子可知，空处被bigger修饰，作have的宾语，名词impact“影响”符合题意，have an impact on是固定短语，意为“对……有影响”。故选C。 16．考查名词。句意：当然，购买古着强调的是延长衣服的寿命。分析句子可知，空处作puts的宾语，名词emphasis“强调”符合题意，put emphasis on是固定短语，意为“强调，突出”。故选D。 17．考查副词。句意：这也导致了复古时尚的兴起——几十年前你妈妈或爸爸穿的衣服现在看起来又优雅又酷了！分析句子可知，空处作修饰cool的状语，副词elegantly“优雅地”符合题意，句中表示“看起来又优雅又酷”。故选K。 18．考查名词。句意：新一代正在寻求做出减少对环境影响的选择，77%的Z世代表示，他们在环境方面最关心的事是他们希望自己的选择减少浪费。分析句子可知，空处被new修饰，作主句的主语，名词generation“一代（人）”符合题意，和new搭配表示“新一代”。故选G。 19．考查名词。句意：新一代正在寻求做出减少对环境影响的选择，77%的Z世代表示，他们在环境方面最关心的事是他们希望自己的选择减少浪费。分析句子可知，空处被environmental修饰，名词concern“关心的事”符合题意，和environmental搭配表示“在环境方面关心的事”。故选B。 20．考查名词。句意：人们选择他们想要的东西，然后根据重量而不是每件物品付款。分析句子可知，空处作according to的宾语，名词weight“重量”符合题意，句中表示“根据重量而不是每件物品付款”。故选E。 II. Reading Comprehension (21 – 35题，每题1分；36 – 50题，每题2分；共45分) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. The East African country of Kenya has been at the forefront of the global war on plastic since 2017, when officials banned plastic bags. In June 2020, the government 21 the efforts with a ban on single-use plastics in protected areas. Unfortunately, the measures have 22 made any impact. Hundreds of tons of industrial and consumer polymer (聚合物) waste continue to get 23 into landfills daily. However, if 29-year-old Nzambi Matee has her way, the unpleasant plastic 24 will soon be transformed into colourful bricks. The material engineer’s search to find a (n) 25 solution to control plastic pollution began in 2017. She quit her job as a data analyst at a local chemical factory and set up a small lab in her mother’s backyard. It took her nine months to produce the first brick and even longer to 26 a partner to help build the machinery to make them. But the determined eco-entrepreneur was confident in her idea and did not 27 . She says, “I wanted to use my education in applied physics and material engineering to do something about the problem of plastic waste pollution. But I was very 28 that the solution had to be practical, sustainable, and affordable. The best way to do this was by 29 the waste into the construction and finding the most efficient and affordable material to build homes.” Her company, Gjenge Makers, now hires 112 people and produces over 1,500 bricks a day. The pavers (铺路材料) are made using a mix of plastic products that cannot be reprocessed or recycled. The polymer is obtained 30 from factories or picked by hired locals from Nairobi’s largest landfill, Dandora. The collected plastic is 31 with sand, heated at very high temperatures, and compressed into bricks that vary in colour and thickness. The 32 product is stronger, lighter, and about 30 percent cheaper than concrete bricks. Matee, who was recently 33 as one of the Young Champions of the Earth 2020 — the United Nations’ highest environmental 34 . Her dream is to reduce the mountain of trash in Dandora to just a hill by increasing production and expanding her offerings. She says, “The more we recycle the plastic, the more we produce affordable housing, and the more we create 35 for the youth.” 21．A．modified B．glorified C．intensified D．justified 22．A．equally B．nearly C．mildly D．barely 23．A．dumped B．turned C．loaded D．leaked 24．A．modes B．ports C．heaps D．costumes 25．A．personal B．feasible C．orderly D．adjustable 26．A．remind B．assure C．convince D．direct 27．A．get off B．give up C．show off D．put out 28．A．clear B．fair C．bold D．mature 29．A．enclosing B．distributing C．reversing D．channelling 30．A．distantly B．openly C．directly D．secretly 31．A．replaced B．mixed C．equipped D．fixed 32．A．reforming B．resulting C．recovering D．recording 33．A．defended B．criticized C．claimed D．recognized 34．A．honour B．level C．grant D．diploma 35．A．employment B．experiment C．entertainment D．investment 【答案】 21．C 22．D 23．A 24．C 25．B 26．C 27．B 28．A 29．D 30．C 31．B 32．B 33．D 34．A 35．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了材料工程师Nzambi Matee通过自己的努力解决塑料垃圾污染问题。 21．考查动词词义辨析。 句意：2020年6月，政府通过在保护区禁止一次性塑料来加强这些努力。A. modified修改；B. glorified赞美；C. intensified加强；D. justified证明合理。根据上文“The East African country of Kenya has been at the forefront of the global war on plastic since 2017”以及语境可知，这是对2017年禁令的进一步加强。故选C项。 22．考查副词词义辨析。 句意：不幸的是，这些措施几乎没有产生任何影响。A. equally平等地；B. nearly几乎；C. mildly温和地；D. barely几乎不。根据上文“unfortunately”及“Hundreds of tons of industrial and consumer polymer (聚合物) waste continue to”可知，这里指禁令几乎没有效果。故选D项。 23．考查动词词义辨析。 句意：每天仍有数百吨工业和消费聚合物垃圾被倾倒进垃圾填埋场。A. dumped倾倒；B. turned转变；C. loaded装载；D. leaked泄漏。根据“waste”以及语境可知，这里的废弃物应该是被倾倒，被扔掉。dumped into landfills，表示“倾倒进填埋场”，符合垃圾处理语境。故选A项。 24．考查名词词义辨析。 句意：然而，如果29岁的Nzambi Matee能如愿以偿，这些令人不快的塑料堆很快将被转化为彩色砖块。A. modes模式；B. ports港口；C. heaps堆；D. costumes服装。根据上文“into landfills daily”可知，这里是很多废弃物倾倒之后变成垃圾堆。plastic heaps，指“塑料垃圾堆”，与后文“mountain of trash”呼应。故选C项。 25．考查形容词词义辨析。 句意：这位材料工程师从2017年开始寻找可行的解决方案来控制塑料污染。A. personal个人的；B. feasible可行的；C. orderly有序的；D. adjustable可调节的。根据下文“practical, sustainable, and affordable”可知，这里指她寻求的是可行的方法。故选B项。 26．考查动词词义辨析。 句意：她花了九个月时间生产出第一块砖，甚至花了更长时间说服一个合作伙伴帮助制造生产这些砖的机器。A. remind提醒；B. assure确保；C. convince说服；D. direct指导。根据下文“a partner to help build the machinery to make them”以及语境可知，这里指她需说服合作伙伴相信其想法，convince符合“说服某人做某事”的语境。故选C项。 27．考查动词短语辨析。 句意：但这位坚定的环保企业家对自己的想法充满信心，没有放弃。A. get off下车；B. give up放弃；C. show off炫耀；D. put out扑灭。根据上文“determined”和“confident”以及语境可知，这里指她很坚定，未放弃自己的梦想。故选B项。 28．考查形容词词义辨析。 句意：但我很清楚，解决方案必须实用、可持续且负担得起。A. clear清楚的；B. fair公平的；C. bold大胆的；D. mature成熟的。根据文章语境以及下文的“practical, sustainable, and affordable”可知，这一方案必须切实可行，可持续，负担得起才能真正达到环保的目的，因此她的目标是非常清晰的。故选A项。 29．考查动词词义辨析。 句意：最好的方法是将废物引入建筑领域，并找到最有效和实惠的材料来建造房屋。A. enclosing包围；B. distributing分配；C. reversing逆转；D. channelling引导。根据上文“It took her nine months to produce the first brick”以及语境可知，这一方案是将废弃物转变成可用砖块，channelling waste into construction，指“将废物引入建筑领域”，体现材料再利用。故选D项。 30．考查副词词义辨析。 句意：聚合物直接从工厂获得，或由雇佣的当地人从内罗毕最大的垃圾填埋场丹多拉捡拾。A. distantly遥远地；B. openly公开地；C. directly直接地；D. secretly秘密地。根据下文“picked by hired locals from Nairobi’s largest landfill”可知，两种方式是并列关系，后者通过被雇佣者经过垃圾分拣之后间接得到，则前者则是直接从工厂废弃物中获得。“directly from factories”表示“直接从工厂获取”，与“picked from landfill”形成获取途径对比。故选C项。 31．考查动词词义辨析。 句意：收集的塑料与沙子混合，在高温下加热，然后压缩成颜色和厚度不同的砖块。A. replaced替换；B. mixed混合；C. equipped装备；D. fixed固定。根据下文“compressed into bricks”可知，这里是指将沙子和废弃物混合然后压缩，mixed with sand，表示“与沙子混合”，是制作砖块的步骤。故选B项。 32．考查形容词词义辨析。 句意：最终的产品比混凝土砖更坚固、更轻，价格便宜约30%。A. reforming改革的；B. resulting最终的；C. recovering恢复的；D. recording记录的。根据上文“heated at very high temperatures, and compressed into bricks that vary in colour and thickness”可知，这里指经过一定的工序之后得到砖块。resulting product，指“最终产品”，即加工后的塑料砖。故选B项。 33．考查动词词义辨析。 句意：Matee最近被认定为2020 年“地球青年卫士” 之一 —— 联合国最高环境荣誉。A. defended辩护；B. criticized批评；C. claimed声称；D. recognized认定。根据短语be recognized as意为“被评定为…”以及下文“as one of the Young Champions of the Earth 2020”可知，这里指Matee被评为地球青年。故选D项。 34．考查名词词义辨析。 句意：Matee最近被认定为 2020 年“地球青年卫士”之一 —— 联合国最高环境荣誉。A. honour荣誉；B. level水平；C. grant拨款；D. diploma文凭。根据上文“Young Champions of the Earth”以及语境可知，这是联合国的环境荣誉奖项。故选A项。 35．考查名词词义辨析。 句意：我们回收的塑料越多，就能生产越多经济适用房，为年轻人创造越多就业机会。A. employment就业；B. experiment实验；C. entertainment娱乐；D. investment投资。根据上文“hires 112 people”以及语境可知，这里指她的企业创造了就业机会。故选A项。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. A Recently, campaigners have encouraged us to buy local food. This reduces “food miles”, that is, the distance food travels from the producer to the shop owner. They reason that the higher the food miles, the more carbon mission(排放物). However, the real story is not as simple as that. In fact, imported food often has a lower carbon footprint than locally grown good. Take apples, for example. The local apples the British buy in winter or spring have been kept refrigerated for months, and this uses a lot of energy. In spring, therefore, it is more energy-saving to import them from New Zealand, where they are in season. Heating also uses a lot of energy, which is why growing tomatoes in heated greenhouses in the UK is less environmentally friendly than importing them from Spain, where the crop grows well in the local climate. We must also take into account the type of transport. Transporting food by air creates more emissions. However, only a few goods are flown to the consumer country, and these are usually high-value, short-lived items which we cannot produce locally. Even then, these foods may not have a higher carbon footprint than locally grown food. For example, beans flown in from Kenya are grown in sunny fields using natural fertilizers, unlike in Britain, where we use oil-based fertilizers and machinery. Also, a product’s journey does not end at the supermarket. Driving a long way to shop for food will neutralize(抵消) any environmental benefits of buying locally grown produce. Furthermore, choosing local over imported food can also badly affect people in developing countries. If they are unable to sell produce overseas, they will have less income. Recently, some supermarkets have been trying to raise awareness of food miles by labeling foods to show they have been imported by air. But the message this gives is too simple. Lots of different factors contribute to a food’s carbon footprint. And. even if we only buy local food which is currently in season, there are ethical(伦理的) problems. What’s more, our diets would be more limited. 36．Why should the British buy imported apples according to the author? A．It reduces food miles. B．It benefits the local farmers. C．It is less energy-consuming. D．It is less costly and more convenient. 37．What can we infer about the foods transported by air? A．They are grown using oil-based fertilizers. B．They can be mass-produced locally. C．They have a low carbon footprint. D．They fail to have a long shelf life. 38．What does the author think of labeling foods? A．It does not give correct product information. B．It does not tell a full and accurate story. C．It will raise environmental awareness. D．It will help people to shop ethically. 39．What is the purpose of this text? A．To solve a problem. B．To make a prediction. C．To argue against a belief. D．To give practical advice. 【答案】36．C 37．D 38．B 39．C 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要对“鼓励就近购买当地食品”这一主张进行了驳论，即，购买当地食品并不一定是环保的，作者从当地食品需要消耗能量储存，食品的运输方式，以及食品标签等方面进行了反驳论述。 36．推理判断题。根据文章第二段内容“The local apples the British buy in winter or spring have been kept refrigerated for months, and this uses a lot of energy. In spring, therefore, it is more energy-saving to import them from New Zealand, where they are in season.(英国人在冬季或春季购买的当地苹果已经冷藏了几个月，这会消耗大量能源。因此，在春季，从新西兰进口更节能，因为在新西兰，春季是苹果的季节。)”可知，英国人从新西兰进口的苹果是当季的，可以节省冷藏消耗。由此推知，作者认为英国人应该购买进口苹果，因为进口苹果更节能。故选C项。 37．推理判断题。根据文章第三段内容“However, only a few goods are flown to the consumer country, and these are usually high-value, short-lived items which we cannot produce locally.(然而，只有少数商品空运到消费国，这些通常是高价值、寿命短的商品，我们无法在当地生产。)”可知，空运的进口商品通常是高价值，寿命短的商品，即，这些商品的保质期短。故选D项。 38．推理判断题。根据文章末尾段内容“But the message this gives is too simple. Lots of different factors contribute to a food’s carbon footprint. (但这传达的信息太简单了。很多不同的因素会影响食物的碳足迹。)”可知，作者认为食品标签上的信息内容过于简单，因为，影响碳足迹的因素很多，而标签上没有详细解释。由此推知，在作者看来，食品标签没有讲述完整而准确的信息。故选B项。 39．推理判断题。通读文章内容可知，文章首段“Recently, campaigners have encouraged us to buy local food. This reduces “food miles”, that is, the distance food travels from the producer to the shop owner. They reason that the higher the food miles, the more carbon mission. (最近，活动人士鼓励我们购买当地食品。这减少了“食物里程”，即食物从生产者到店主的距离。他们认为食物里程越高，碳排放任务就越多。)”提出了一个主张：鼓励购买当地食品，原因是食物里程越高，碳排放就越多。而在第二段首句则用“However, the real story is not as simple as that.(然而，实际情况并非如此简单。)”对该主张进行了反驳，同时在后文从食物储藏，食物运输，以及食物标签等方面进行了论证。由此可推知，文章的写作目的是进行反驳。故选C项。 B Decoding Energy Labels When shopping for a large appliance, it’s natural to focus on the purchase price. But another important factor is how much the machine will add to your utility bills. Reading the EnergyGuide label closely could save you hundreds of dollars. Here’s what to look for. * Yellow numbers are circled. a．This shows how much energy in kilowatt hours the appliance uses in one year. For a washing machine, for example, this estimate is based on the average energy used per wash cycle multiplied by the number of cycles run per year. The label uses national averages — but electricity rates vary by location, so also look at the bulleted information below it to help you estimate your actual costs. b．If you have a natural gas appliance, refer to this number. c．This scale helps you compare the model you’re considering to others of the same type. The closer the arrow is to the left, the more energy efficient(and cost-efficient) the appliance is. d．This is the approximate amount you’ll pay for the model over one year. It takes into account both the amount of energy required to operate the appliance and to heat water, if that’s required. 40．This passage probably belongs to a magazine section called _________. A．Product Spotlight B．Tech Update C．Deal Finder D．Money Saver 41．The descriptions (a-d) in the box are in the wrong order. Which of the following shows their correct order from ① to ④? A．d-a-c-b B．b-c-a-d C．b-a-c-d D．a-d-b-d 42．Which of the following is true about the bullet points in the label? A．They reflect your actual usage or rates. B．They detail what the estimates are based on. C．LG Electronics isn’t certified with Energy Star. D．Yellow numbers means standard washing procedures. 【答案】40．D 41．A 42．B 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了购买大型家电时需关注的EnergyGuide标签，解释了标签上各部分信息的含义，帮助消费者通过阅读标签了解家电的年度能耗、使用成本及能效水平，从而节省电费开支。 40．推理判断题。根据文章开头“Reading the EnergyGuide label closely could save you hundreds of dollars. (仔细阅读EnergyGuide标签可以帮你节省数百美元。)”可知，文章核心是帮助消费者省钱。文章可能来自一本名为《省钱》的杂志，故选D。 41．细节理解题。①指向“Estimated Yearly Energy Cost(年度能耗成本)”，对应d“年度花费金额”；②指向“Estimated Yearly Electricity Use(年度用电量)”，对应a“年度能耗（千瓦时）”；③指向“Cost Range of Similar Models(同类产品成本范围)”，对应c“能效对比刻度”；④指向“天然气热水炉的年度成本”，对应b“天然气家电参考数值”。因此从①到④的正确顺序是d-a-c-b，对应选项A。故选A。 42．细节理解题。根据描述a中的“the label uses national averages — but electricity rates vary by location, also look at the bulleted information below it to help you estimate your actual costs. (标签使用全国平均值，但电费因地区而异，也可以查看下方的项目符号信息来估算实际成本)”可知，项目符号信息解释了估算数据的依据。故选B。 C Have you ever entered a store and noticed a pleasant smell of fresh bread or coffee? This is often not by chance. Many businesses now use a strategy called scent marketing to shape customer feelings and shopping behavior. By pumping specific smells in their stores, they create a welcoming environment that encourages people to stay longer and spend more. A well-known example comes from a Brooklyn supermarket that set up small scent machines. These devices release appealing smells like chocolate cookies or sea air at different times. The store manager found that customers not only stayed longer but also reported a better shopping experience. More importantly, sales of some items, especially baked foods, rose noticeably after the machines were installed. Why does this work so well? Research shows that smell is strongly connected to memory and emotion. This happens because the part of our brain that processes smells is close to the part that handles emotions and memories. When we smell something pleasant, it can bring back happy memories and make us feel good. For example, the smell of baking bread might remind you of your grandmother’s kitchen, making you feel warm and comfortable. When customers feel happy and relaxed, they are more likely to stay longer in the store and make purchases. Importantly, we usually notice these smells without full awareness, so their effect on our choices is subtle yet powerful. Besides supermarkets, many other places now use scent marketing. For example, some hotels release a relaxing smell of lavender (薰衣草) in their lobbies to help guests feel calm and welcome. Clothing stores might use light floral scents to create a fresh and clean environment, making customers more likely to try on clothes and enjoy their time shopping. This strategy is becoming more common because it offers a simple way to improve the customer’s experience without them even realizing it. However, some people worry that this practice is a form of manipulation. They question if it is right to use hidden methods to influence spending. Despite these concerns, scent marketing continues to grow in use across various industries, from hotels to car dealerships, showing that for many businesses, engaging the sense of smell is as important as visual appeal. 43．According to the passage, what specific result did the Brooklyn supermarket observe after installing scent machines? A．Customers complained about artificial smells. B．Sales of baked goods significantly increased. C．The machines were removed due to high costs. D．Customers preferred the smell of sea air over food scents. 44．Based on the explanation of how scent marketing works, why might a clothing store use light floral scents? A．To cover up unpleasant odors in the dressing rooms. B．To remind customers of nature and encourage eco-friendly purchases. C．To create an atmosphere where shoppers feel more comfortable. D．To alert customers to its potential stealth marketing. 45．The phrase “a form of manipulation” in the last paragraph refers to ________. A．making customers buy things they do not truly want B．using hidden methods to influence people without their awareness C．tricking people into believing products are more valuable than they are D．forcing businesses to use expensive scent machines 46．Which title best summarizes the main idea of the entire passage? A．The History of Supermarket Advertising B．The Science of Baking and Bread Smells C．Why Customers Dislike Scent Machines D．How Scents Secretly Shape Shopping Behavior 【答案】43．B 44．C 45．B 46．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍“气味营销”现象。文章指出商家利用特定气味营造购物环境，吸引顾客延长停留时间并增加消费。文章以布鲁克林超市为例说明其效果，解释气味与记忆和情绪的关联，并提及酒店、服装店等也运用此策略。最后，文章也讨论了这种做法引发的关于操控的争议。 43．细节理解题。根据第二段“A well-known example comes from a Brooklyn supermarket that set up small scent machines. These devices release appealing smells like chocolate cookies or sea air at different times. The store manager found that customers not only stayed longer but also reported a better shopping experience. More importantly, sales of some items, especially baked foods, rose noticeably after the machines were installed.(一个著名的例子来自布鲁克林的一家超市，这家超市安装了小型气味机。这些设备在不同时间释放出巧克力饼干或海风等诱人的气味。店经理发现，顾客不仅停留的时间更长，而且购物体验也更好。更重要的是，安装了这些机器后，一些商品，尤其是烘焙食品的销量明显上升。)”可知，布鲁克林超市安装了气味机后，观察到烘焙食品的销量显著增加。故选B。 44．推理判断题。根据第三段“Research shows that smell is strongly connected to memory and emotion. This happens because the part of our brain that processes smells is close to the part that handles emotions and memories. When we smell something pleasant, it can bring back happy memories and make us feel good.(研究表明，气味与记忆和情感紧密相连。这是因为我们大脑中处理气味的部分与处理情感和记忆的部分很近。当我们闻到令人愉快的气味时，它会唤起美好的回忆，让我们感觉良好。)”以及第四段“Clothing stores might use light floral scents to create a fresh and clean environment, making customers more likely to try on clothes and enjoy their time shopping.(服装店可能会使用淡淡的花香来营造一个清新干净的环境，让顾客更愿意试穿衣服，享受购物时光。)”可知，服装店使用淡淡的花香是为了创造一个让购物者感觉更舒适的环境。故选C。 45．词句猜测题。根据最后一段“However, some people worry that this practice is a form of manipulation. They question if it is right to use hidden methods to influence spending.(然而，一些人担心这种做法是……。他们质疑使用隐藏的方法来影响消费是否正确。)”以及后文“Despite these concerns, scent marketing continues to grow in use across various industries, from hotels to car dealerships, showing that for many businesses, engaging the sense of smell is as important as visual appeal.(他们质疑使用隐蔽手段影响消费是否恰当。尽管存在这些担忧，气味营销在酒店业到汽车经销商等各个行业中的应用仍在不断扩大，这表明对许多企业来说，调动嗅觉感官与视觉吸引力一样重要。)”可知，一些人担心这种做法是一种隐蔽手段影响消费，质疑该方法是否正确，故划线词“a form of manipulation”指的是“一种操纵手段”，B选项“using hidden methods to influence people without their awareness(利用隐秘手段在人们毫无察觉的情况下对他们施加影响)”与划线词意思相近。故选B。 46．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Many businesses now use a strategy called scent marketing to shape customer feelings and shopping behavior. By pumping specific smells in their stores, they create a welcoming environment that encourages people to stay longer and spend more.(许多企业现在使用一种称为气味营销的策略来塑造顾客的感受和购物行为。通过在商店里注入特定的气味，他们创造了一个欢迎的环境，鼓励人们停留更长时间，花更多的钱。)”以及通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了气味营销这一策略，以及它是如何秘密地影响购物行为的，因此，D选项“How Scents Secretly Shape Shopping Behavior(气味如何秘密地影响购物行为)”最符合文章主旨。故选D。 Section C Directions: Read the following passages. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Mystery Boxes Most of us know what it’s like to get presents from friends. Whether it’s for a birthday or other celebration, it’s hard to beat the excitement of opening a carefully wrapped box to find something that’s both unexpected and suits you perfectly. Now, imagine if you could get the same feeling when you go shopping for yourself. That’s the feeling that mystery boxes hope to reproduce. Mystery boxes are not a new idea— they were a feature of department stores in Japan in the early 20th century. They contain a range of different products, which are sold at a lower price than their combined value. 47 All kinds of mystery boxes are available: fashion boxes, food boxes, beauty boxes, even lucky boxes, which are virtual items for video games. The pleasant surprise is not the only attraction of mystery boxes. 48 Seasonal vegetable subscription boxes might lead people to learn to cook new meals. They can also potentially offer great savings— as the recommended consumer price of the contents is often far higher than the purchase price. For sellers and suppliers, the benefits are clear: 49 British fashion mystery box businessman Mario Maher highlights how mystery boxes can help reduce the amount of waste in the fashion industry. People might discover product ranges that would otherwise be thrown away. 50 When you buy them, you don’t know what you’ll get. It may be that the goods inside are not to your taste, but there is also the potential for cheaters to employ the unpredictability of mystery boxes to send items that have a much lower value than the price of the box. So, are mystery boxes a fun way of reducing waste and making shopping more exciting, or more an opportunity for disappointment, or worse— cheating? A．There is an obvious downside to mystery boxes. B．They also allow people to try things that they otherwise wouldn’t. C．Retailers often lose money when selling mystery boxes to clear stock. D．It allows them to sell unwanted stock for a profit. E．Customers usually get a list of contents before buying mystery boxes. F．The key thing is that customers don’t know what’s in the box before they buy. 【答案】47．F 48．B 49．D 50．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了盲盒源于20世纪初日本百货店，以低价售卖未知商品为特点，品类多样，能带来惊喜、助尝试新事物且帮卖家清库存，但也存在不合心意及欺诈风险。 47．前文“They contain a range of different products, which are sold at a lower price than their combined value.( 它们包含一系列不同的产品，这些产品的售价低于它们的总价值。)”提到盲盒里装有多种商品，售价低于商品总价，这是盲盒的核心特点之一。F选项“The key thing is that customers don’t know what’s in the box before they buy.( 关键在于消费者购买前并不知道盒子里装的是什么。)”既承接了前文对盲盒的定义，也呼应了首段“unexpected”（意想不到的）这一核心特质，逻辑连贯。故选F项。 48．前文“The pleasant surprise is not the only attraction of mystery boxes.( 惊喜并不是盲盒唯一吸引人的地方。)”指出“惊喜并非盲盒的唯一吸引力”，空格处需要补充盲盒的另一优势。B选项“They also allow people to try things that they otherwise wouldn’t. (它们还能让人们尝试原本不会去接触的东西。)”与后文“Seasonal vegetable subscription boxes might lead people to learn to cook new meals.( 时令蔬菜订阅盒可能会促使人们学习烹饪新菜式。)”的例子完美对应，构成“总述 + 例证”的结构。故选B项。 49．前文“For sellers and suppliers, the benefits are clear:( 对于卖家和供应商来说，好处是显而易见的：)”提到“对于卖家和供应商来说，好处显而易见”，空格处需说明具体益处。D选项“It allows them to sell unwanted stock for a profit.( 这能让他们把滞销库存卖出获利。)”符合此推断，同时与后文“British fashion mystery box businessman Mario Maher highlights how mystery boxes can help reduce the amount of waste in the fashion industry.( 英国时尚盲盒商人马里奥·马赫强调了盲盒如何有助于减少时尚行业的浪费。)”提到的“盲盒有助于减少时尚行业的浪费”相契合，解释了卖家通过盲盒处理库存的盈利逻辑。故选D项。 50．后文“When you buy them, you don’t know what you’ll get. It may be that the goods inside are not to your taste, but there is also the potential for cheaters to employ the unpredictability of mystery boxes to send items that have a much lower value than the price of the box.( 当你买它们的时候，你不知道你会得到什么。这可能是因为里面的商品不合你的口味，但也有可能是骗子利用盲盒的不可预测性来发送价值远低于盒子价格的物品。)”提到盲盒的弊端 —— 购买前未知，可能买到不合心意的商品，甚至遭遇商家欺诈。A 选项“There is an obvious downside to mystery boxes.( 盲盒显然存在不足之处。)”作为该段的总起句，自然引出下文对盲盒缺点的阐述。故选A项。 III. Summary Writing (10分) 51．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Why Is Everyone So fascinated by Jellycats? Jellycat started in the UK in 1999, founded by two creative people who wanted to make stuffed toys (毛绒玩具) in a new way. The name “Jellycat” comes from the sound of a child’s laughter, which is part of the fun, playful atmosphere that the brand is known for. Since then, Jellycat has grown into a global brand, offering unique and imaginative designs that capture people’s hearts. In a world where trends come and go quickly, Jellycat stuffed animals have become much more than just a passing hit. They are loved by people of all ages, offering comfort and joy. Why is this brand so appealing and has been well received for so many years? What sets Jellycat apart is its focus on creativity. Every year, the brand releases two new collections, always introducing fresh and exciting stuffed toys. This constant innovation ensures there’s always something new to discover, which keeps catching consumers’ eye. Jellycat also cares deeply about safety, making sure all of their toys meet international safety standards, so they’re safe for kids of all ages. In addition, Jellycat toys are known for their excellent quality. They are soft to touch and built to last — meaning they can handle lots of pats and hugs. Actually, these toys aren’t just for playing with — they become lifelong friends, offering comfort for children and adults alike. Their softness and fun designs bring happiness, while helping to create emotional connections. When picking a Jellycat, you can choose one based on your own interests or personality. Jellycat offers a wide variety of toys, from cute bears to quirky creatures like dragons, ensuring there must be one suitable for you. In conclusion, Jellycat has become a beloved brand not just because of its adorable and high-quality stuffed animals, but because of the emotional connection they foster. Whether it’s a child’s favorite toy or an adult’s comforting companion, these cuddly creatures bring joy and warmth into people’s lives. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】One possible version: First, company’s constant innovation allows consumers to regularly discover something new. Second, the toy is safe because it meets international safety standards. Third, they are high-quality, featuring a soft touch and great durability. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了1999年在英国创立的Jellycat品牌，其毛绒玩具凭借独特创意、安全性、高品质及情感连接，深受各年龄段人群喜爱，多年来长盛不衰。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ①Jellycat, founded in the UK in 1999, is a global brand with unique stuffed toys loved by all ages for comfort and joy. ②Its creativity (new collections yearly) and focus on safety (meeting international standards) set it apart. ③The toys are of excellent quality — soft, durable, and serve as lifelong friends fostering emotional connections. ④Jellycat is beloved for its high-quality products and the emotional bonds they create. 2. 缜密构思 将第①点作为总起句，介绍品牌背景及受欢迎程度；将第②、③点整合为其受欢迎的原因（创意、安全、品质及情感价值）；将第④点作为总结句，强调品牌受喜爱的核心原因。 3. 遣词造句 First, company’s constant innovation allows consumers to regularly discover something new. Second, the toy is safe because it meets international safety standards. Third, they are high-quality, featuring a soft touch and great durability. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Second, the toy is safe because it meets international safety standards.（运用了because引导的原因状语从句） [高分句型2] Third, they are high-quality, featuring a soft touch and great durability.（运用了现在分词短语作状语） IV. Translation (第1-2句，每句3分；第3句，4分；第4句5分；共15分) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52．先进的灯光技术使这座古镇重新焕发往日的辉煌｡(restore)（汉译英） ____________________________________________________ 【答案】The advanced lighting technology has restored the ancient town to its former glory/splendor. 【详解】考查动词、名词和形容词。分析句子可知，表示“先进的灯光技术”应用The advanced lighting technology，在本句中作主语；表示“使……重新焕发”应用has restored，时态用现在完成时强调动作已完成并产生结果，“restore...to...”为固定搭配，意为“使……恢复到……”；表示“这座古镇”应用the ancient town，作宾语；表示“往日的辉煌”应用its former glory/splendor，作介词to的宾语。故翻译为The advanced lighting technology has restored the ancient town to its former glory/splendor. 53．这位工程师参与了保护历史遗迹的项目,他强调传统技艺无法被现代技术取代｡(involve) （汉译英） ____________________________________________________ 【答案】The engineer involved himself in the project to protect historical relics, and he emphasized that traditional skills couldn’t be replaced by/with modern technology. 【详解】考查时态、语态及核心短语用法，本句描述过去发生的行为，整体使用一般过去时。句首“这位工程师”对应英文The engineer，用定冠词The表特指，指代具体的工程师；“参与”对应英文involve，搭配固定短语involve oneself in，结合一般过去时，译为involved himself in；“保护历史遗迹的项目”对应英文the project to protect historical relics，其中不定式to protect作后置定语，修饰名词project；“他强调”对应英文and he emphasized，用and衔接前后两个并列的过去动作，保持句子连贯，emphasized为“强调”的过去式；“传统技艺无法被现代技术取代”对应英文that traditional skills couldn’t be replaced by/with modern technology，整体作emphasized的宾语从句，其中“传统技艺”译为traditional skills，“无法”译为couldn’t，“被……取代”用被动结构be replaced by/with，体现被动关系，“现代技术”译为modern technology。故翻译为：The engineer involved himself in the project to protect historical relics, and he emphasized that traditional skills couldn't be replaced by/with modern technology. 54．尽管取得了卓越成就，由于性别不平等，许多女科学家未能获得应有的认可。(Despite) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Despite their remarkable achievements, many female scientists fail to receive the recognition that/which they deserve due to gender inequality. 【详解】考查固定短语、非谓语动词和定语从句。表示“尽管”用despite，句首单词，首字母大写；表示“她们卓越的成就”用their remarkable achievements，作宾语；表示“许多女科学家”用many female scientists，作主语；表示“未能做某事”用fail to do sth.，本句描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，主语为复数，谓语用动词原形；表示“获得”，用receive，用不定式，作fail的宾语；表示“认可”用the recognition，作receive的宾语。表示“她们应得的认可”用定语从句，从句中主语用they；表示“应得”用deserve，作谓语；从句修饰the recognition，关系词代替先行词在从句中作宾语，用that或which引导；表示“由于”，用介词短语due to；表示“由于性别不平等”用due to gender inequality。故翻译为Despite their remarkable achievements, many female scientists fail to receive the recognition that/which they deserve due to gender inequality. 55．这位年轻企业家凭借其独特的视野和卓越的领导力所取得的惊人成就，远远超出了包括他家人在内的所有人的预期。(exceed) (汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The remarkable achievements made by this young entrepreneur, thanks to his unique vision and exceptional leadership, far exceeded everyone’s expectations, including his family. 【详解】考查非谓语动词和时态。表示“惊人成就”可用the remarkable achievements；表示“这位年轻企业家所取得的”可用过去分词短语made by this young entrepreneur，修饰achievements；表示“凭借”可用短语thanks to；表示“其独特的视野和卓越的领导力”为his unique vision and exceptional leadership；表示“远远超出了”用far exceed；表示“所有人的预期”可用everyone’s expectations；表示“包括他家人在内”为including his family。发生在过去用一般过去时。故翻译为The remarkable achievements made by this young entrepreneur, thanks to his unique vision and exceptional leadership, far exceeded everyone’s expectations, including his family. V.Guided Writing (共25分) 56．Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 上海许多公园开始实行24小时向公众开放，你赞成这种做法吗?请谈谈你的看法和理由。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】I absolutely support the idea of Shanghai's many parks being open to the public 24 hours a day. Not only does it provide more opportunities for people to enjoy the beautiful green spaces that the city has to offer, but it also promotes a healthier and more active lifestyle. With busy work schedules and limited free time, having access to these parks at all hours of the day allows for greater flexibility in incorporating exercise and outdoor activities into our daily routines. Additionally, it can create a safer environment as more people will be using the parks, discouraging criminal activity. However, it is important to ensure that there are adequate security measures in place to maintain the safety of those using the parks at night. Overall, I believe this initiative is a positive step towards creating a more livable and enjoyable city for its residents. 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生就上海许多公园开始实行24小时向公众开放一事，说出的是否赞成并谈谈你的看法和理由。 【详解】1.词汇积累 支持：support → be in favor of 看法：idea → perspective 使用：use→ employ 重要的：be important→ be significant 2.句式拓展 同义句替换 原句：I absolutely support the idea of Shanghai's many parks being open to the public 24 hours a day. 拓展句：I fully endorse the concept of Shanghai's numerous parks maintaining round-the-clock accessibility to the public. 【点睛】【高分句型1】With busy work schedules and limited free time, having access to these parks at all hours of the day allows for greater flexibility in incorporating exercise and outdoor activities into our daily routines.（使用了介词短语作状语和动名词短语作主语） 【高分句型2】However, it is important to ensure that there are adequate security measures in place to maintain the safety of those using the parks at night.（使用了it做形式主语，真正的主语为动词不定式短语和that引导的宾语从句） 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $………………○………………外………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… ………………○………………内………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… 此卷只装订不密封 ………………○………………内………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… ………………○………………外………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… … 学校：______________姓名：_____________班级：_______________考号：______________________ Unit 2 The things around us单元自测·基础卷 （考试时间：90分钟 试卷满分：115分） 注意事项： 1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。 3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 I. Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分） Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Apple Rolls Out Thinner iPhone, Higher Price Apple has rolled out its next generation of iPhones, including a thin model called the iPhone Air, as well as a price increase for one of its more expensive models. All four new iPhone 17 models will have better cameras and longer-lasting batteries than last year’s models. The front camera will also have an option called “Center Stage” 1 will take advantage of a wider field of view, and a new sensor allowing users to take landscape photos 2 having to turn the phone. All iPhone 17s will have at least 256 gigabytes of storage, 3 (double) the minimum amount from the last generation. “We 4 (raise) the bar again,” Apple CEO Tim Cook said in front of a crowd on the company’s campus in Cupertino, California, on September 9. The iPhone Air will start at $1,000—the price of last year’s iPhone 16 Pro. However, Apple will charge $1,100 for the iPhone 17 Pro, 5 increase of $100 from previous versions of that model. The starting price for the basic iPhone 17 will be unchanged at $800, and the iPhone 17 Pro Max will also be unchanged at $1,200. All four models will be in stores on September 19. The new phones 6 (expect) to be made in Apple’s factories in China and India. However, US President Donald Trump has insisted that iPhones 7 (make) in the US. Cook has tried to placate (安抚) Trump by promising that Apple 8 (invest) $500 billion in the US over the next four years. He added another $100 billion to that promise last month, and also gifted Trump a plaque with a 24-karat gold base. However, iPhones 9 (bring) into the US will still face Trump’s tariffs of about 25%. 10 some experts had expected Apple to raise prices due to the tariffs, it seems the company will continue to keep most of the same prices it has used for its newest iPhones in recent years. Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．constantly        B．concern        C． impact        D．emphasis        E weight F. trendy           G. generation      H. pattern        I. alternative        J. surrounded K. elegantly The Rise of Retro Fashion Do you care about what you wear? Some people are very fashion-conscious, carefully selecting the clothes they buy and how they dress. Fashionistas (时尚达人) always want to be seen in the latest designer gear. But that trend is changing as retro or vintage clothing is becoming a popular and often cheaper 11 . Of course, “vintage” clothing is really second-hand clothing, worn before but given a second life. The fashion industry has rebranded this stuff to make it look 12 and possibly give it a higher price tag. Whereas we may have seen an old faded pair of jeans or a dress with a flower 13 sold at a jumble sale (旧货拍卖会), now we are 14 with boutique and pop-up shops dedicated to the stuff. And in the UK, one supermarket chain has started selling second-hand clothes in some of its stores. According to managing director Steve Lynam, the more people invest in the circular economy and shop vintage, the bigger 15 we will have on climate change. Certainly, buying vintage puts 16 on extending the life of clothing. It cuts down on waste and helps to reduce the environmental damage caused by manufacturing new clothes. It’s also led to the rise of retro-fashion-items that your mum or dad wore decades ago that now look 17 cool again! It’s a big thing with younger people and has been helped by the rise of platforms like Depop and Vinted, which sell “worn” clothes online. As lanina Lucca, Senior Vice President at Depop explained: “The new 18 is looking to make choices that reduce their impact on the environment, with 77% of Gen Z saying that their biggest environmental 19 being that they want their choices to reduce waste.” Another popular way of buying old clothes is in a vintage kilo sale. People pick what they want and then pay according to 20 rather than per item. Some items are upcycled — re-modelled or re-worked by adding embroidery, patches and other additions. However, these second-hand clothes are worn or re-designed, the sustainability of vintage fashion means it’s here to stay for some time to come. II. Reading Comprehension (21 – 35题，每题1分；36 – 50题，每题2分；共45分) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. The East African country of Kenya has been at the forefront of the global war on plastic since 2017, when officials banned plastic bags. In June 2020, the government 21 the efforts with a ban on single-use plastics in protected areas. Unfortunately, the measures have 22 made any impact. Hundreds of tons of industrial and consumer polymer (聚合物) waste continue to get 23 into landfills daily. However, if 29-year-old Nzambi Matee has her way, the unpleasant plastic 24 will soon be transformed into colourful bricks. The material engineer’s search to find a (n) 25 solution to control plastic pollution began in 2017. She quit her job as a data analyst at a local chemical factory and set up a small lab in her mother’s backyard. It took her nine months to produce the first brick and even longer to 26 a partner to help build the machinery to make them. But the determined eco-entrepreneur was confident in her idea and did not 27 . She says, “I wanted to use my education in applied physics and material engineering to do something about the problem of plastic waste pollution. But I was very 28 that the solution had to be practical, sustainable, and affordable. The best way to do this was by 29 the waste into the construction and finding the most efficient and affordable material to build homes.” Her company, Gjenge Makers, now hires 112 people and produces over 1,500 bricks a day. The pavers (铺路材料) are made using a mix of plastic products that cannot be reprocessed or recycled. The polymer is obtained 30 from factories or picked by hired locals from Nairobi’s largest landfill, Dandora. The collected plastic is 31 with sand, heated at very high temperatures, and compressed into bricks that vary in colour and thickness. The 32 product is stronger, lighter, and about 30 percent cheaper than concrete bricks. Matee, who was recently 33 as one of the Young Champions of the Earth 2020 — the United Nations’ highest environmental 34 . Her dream is to reduce the mountain of trash in Dandora to just a hill by increasing production and expanding her offerings. She says, “The more we recycle the plastic, the more we produce affordable housing, and the more we create 35 for the youth.” 21．A．modified B．glorified C．intensified D．justified 22．A．equally B．nearly C．mildly D．barely 23．A．dumped B．turned C．loaded D．leaked 24．A．modes B．ports C．heaps D．costumes 25．A．personal B．feasible C．orderly D．adjustable 26．A．remind B．assure C．convince D．direct 27．A．get off B．give up C．show off D．put out 28．A．clear B．fair C．bold D．mature 29．A．enclosing B．distributing C．reversing D．channelling 30．A．distantly B．openly C．directly D．secretly 31．A．replaced B．mixed C．equipped D．fixed 32．A．reforming B．resulting C．recovering D．recording 33．A．defended B．criticized C．claimed D．recognized 34．A．honour B．level C．grant D．diploma 35．A．employment B．experiment C．entertainment D．investment Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. A Recently, campaigners have encouraged us to buy local food. This reduces “food miles”, that is, the distance food travels from the producer to the shop owner. They reason that the higher the food miles, the more carbon mission(排放物). However, the real story is not as simple as that. In fact, imported food often has a lower carbon footprint than locally grown good. Take apples, for example. The local apples the British buy in winter or spring have been kept refrigerated for months, and this uses a lot of energy. In spring, therefore, it is more energy-saving to import them from New Zealand, where they are in season. Heating also uses a lot of energy, which is why growing tomatoes in heated greenhouses in the UK is less environmentally friendly than importing them from Spain, where the crop grows well in the local climate. We must also take into account the type of transport. Transporting food by air creates more emissions. However, only a few goods are flown to the consumer country, and these are usually high-value, short-lived items which we cannot produce locally. Even then, these foods may not have a higher carbon footprint than locally grown food. For example, beans flown in from Kenya are grown in sunny fields using natural fertilizers, unlike in Britain, where we use oil-based fertilizers and machinery. Also, a product’s journey does not end at the supermarket. Driving a long way to shop for food will neutralize(抵消) any environmental benefits of buying locally grown produce. Furthermore, choosing local over imported food can also badly affect people in developing countries. If they are unable to sell produce overseas, they will have less income. Recently, some supermarkets have been trying to raise awareness of food miles by labeling foods to show they have been imported by air. But the message this gives is too simple. Lots of different factors contribute to a food’s carbon footprint. And. even if we only buy local food which is currently in season, there are ethical(伦理的) problems. What’s more, our diets would be more limited. 36．Why should the British buy imported apples according to the author? A．It reduces food miles. B．It benefits the local farmers. C．It is less energy-consuming. D．It is less costly and more convenient. 37．What can we infer about the foods transported by air? A．They are grown using oil-based fertilizers. B．They can be mass-produced locally. C．They have a low carbon footprint. D．They fail to have a long shelf life. 38．What does the author think of labeling foods? A．It does not give correct product information. B．It does not tell a full and accurate story. C．It will raise environmental awareness. D．It will help people to shop ethically. 39．What is the purpose of this text? A．To solve a problem. B．To make a prediction. C．To argue against a belief. D．To give practical advice. B Decoding Energy Labels When shopping for a large appliance, it’s natural to focus on the purchase price. But another important factor is how much the machine will add to your utility bills. Reading the EnergyGuide label closely could save you hundreds of dollars. Here’s what to look for. * Yellow numbers are circled. a．This shows how much energy in kilowatt hours the appliance uses in one year. For a washing machine, for example, this estimate is based on the average energy used per wash cycle multiplied by the number of cycles run per year. The label uses national averages — but electricity rates vary by location, so also look at the bulleted information below it to help you estimate your actual costs. b．If you have a natural gas appliance, refer to this number. c．This scale helps you compare the model you’re considering to others of the same type. The closer the arrow is to the left, the more energy efficient(and cost-efficient) the appliance is. d．This is the approximate amount you’ll pay for the model over one year. It takes into account both the amount of energy required to operate the appliance and to heat water, if that’s required. 40．This passage probably belongs to a magazine section called _________. A．Product Spotlight B．Tech Update C．Deal Finder D．Money Saver 41．The descriptions (a-d) in the box are in the wrong order. Which of the following shows their correct order from ① to ④? A．d-a-c-b B．b-c-a-d C．b-a-c-d D．a-d-b-d 42．Which of the following is true about the bullet points in the label? A．They reflect your actual usage or rates. B．They detail what the estimates are based on. C．LG Electronics isn’t certified with Energy Star. D．Yellow numbers means standard washing procedures. C Have you ever entered a store and noticed a pleasant smell of fresh bread or coffee? This is often not by chance. Many businesses now use a strategy called scent marketing to shape customer feelings and shopping behavior. By pumping specific smells in their stores, they create a welcoming environment that encourages people to stay longer and spend more. A well-known example comes from a Brooklyn supermarket that set up small scent machines. These devices release appealing smells like chocolate cookies or sea air at different times. The store manager found that customers not only stayed longer but also reported a better shopping experience. More importantly, sales of some items, especially baked foods, rose noticeably after the machines were installed. Why does this work so well? Research shows that smell is strongly connected to memory and emotion. This happens because the part of our brain that processes smells is close to the part that handles emotions and memories. When we smell something pleasant, it can bring back happy memories and make us feel good. For example, the smell of baking bread might remind you of your grandmother’s kitchen, making you feel warm and comfortable. When customers feel happy and relaxed, they are more likely to stay longer in the store and make purchases. Importantly, we usually notice these smells without full awareness, so their effect on our choices is subtle yet powerful. Besides supermarkets, many other places now use scent marketing. For example, some hotels release a relaxing smell of lavender (薰衣草) in their lobbies to help guests feel calm and welcome. Clothing stores might use light floral scents to create a fresh and clean environment, making customers more likely to try on clothes and enjoy their time shopping. This strategy is becoming more common because it offers a simple way to improve the customer’s experience without them even realizing it. However, some people worry that this practice is a form of manipulation. They question if it is right to use hidden methods to influence spending. Despite these concerns, scent marketing continues to grow in use across various industries, from hotels to car dealerships, showing that for many businesses, engaging the sense of smell is as important as visual appeal. 43．According to the passage, what specific result did the Brooklyn supermarket observe after installing scent machines? A．Customers complained about artificial smells. B．Sales of baked goods significantly increased. C．The machines were removed due to high costs. D．Customers preferred the smell of sea air over food scents. 44．Based on the explanation of how scent marketing works, why might a clothing store use light floral scents? A．To cover up unpleasant odors in the dressing rooms. B．To remind customers of nature and encourage eco-friendly purchases. C．To create an atmosphere where shoppers feel more comfortable. D．To alert customers to its potential stealth marketing. 45．The phrase “a form of manipulation” in the last paragraph refers to ________. A．making customers buy things they do not truly want B．using hidden methods to influence people without their awareness C．tricking people into believing products are more valuable than they are D．forcing businesses to use expensive scent machines 46．Which title best summarizes the main idea of the entire passage? A．The History of Supermarket Advertising B．The Science of Baking and Bread Smells C．Why Customers Dislike Scent Machines D．How Scents Secretly Shape Shopping Behavior Section C Directions: Read the following passages. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Mystery Boxes Most of us know what it’s like to get presents from friends. Whether it’s for a birthday or other celebration, it’s hard to beat the excitement of opening a carefully wrapped box to find something that’s both unexpected and suits you perfectly. Now, imagine if you could get the same feeling when you go shopping for yourself. That’s the feeling that mystery boxes hope to reproduce. Mystery boxes are not a new idea— they were a feature of department stores in Japan in the early 20th century. They contain a range of different products, which are sold at a lower price than their combined value. 47 All kinds of mystery boxes are available: fashion boxes, food boxes, beauty boxes, even lucky boxes, which are virtual items for video games. The pleasant surprise is not the only attraction of mystery boxes. 48 Seasonal vegetable subscription boxes might lead people to learn to cook new meals. They can also potentially offer great savings— as the recommended consumer price of the contents is often far higher than the purchase price. For sellers and suppliers, the benefits are clear: 49 British fashion mystery box businessman Mario Maher highlights how mystery boxes can help reduce the amount of waste in the fashion industry. People might discover product ranges that would otherwise be thrown away. 50 When you buy them, you don’t know what you’ll get. It may be that the goods inside are not to your taste, but there is also the potential for cheaters to employ the unpredictability of mystery boxes to send items that have a much lower value than the price of the box. So, are mystery boxes a fun way of reducing waste and making shopping more exciting, or more an opportunity for disappointment, or worse— cheating? A．There is an obvious downside to mystery boxes. B．They also allow people to try things that they otherwise wouldn’t. C．Retailers often lose money when selling mystery boxes to clear stock. D．It allows them to sell unwanted stock for a profit. E．Customers usually get a list of contents before buying mystery boxes. F．The key thing is that customers don’t know what’s in the box before they buy. III. Summary Writing (10分) 51．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Why Is Everyone So fascinated by Jellycats? Jellycat started in the UK in 1999, founded by two creative people who wanted to make stuffed toys (毛绒玩具) in a new way. The name “Jellycat” comes from the sound of a child’s laughter, which is part of the fun, playful atmosphere that the brand is known for. Since then, Jellycat has grown into a global brand, offering unique and imaginative designs that capture people’s hearts. In a world where trends come and go quickly, Jellycat stuffed animals have become much more than just a passing hit. They are loved by people of all ages, offering comfort and joy. Why is this brand so appealing and has been well received for so many years? What sets Jellycat apart is its focus on creativity. Every year, the brand releases two new collections, always introducing fresh and exciting stuffed toys. This constant innovation ensures there’s always something new to discover, which keeps catching consumers’ eye. Jellycat also cares deeply about safety, making sure all of their toys meet international safety standards, so they’re safe for kids of all ages. In addition, Jellycat toys are known for their excellent quality. They are soft to touch and built to last — meaning they can handle lots of pats and hugs. Actually, these toys aren’t just for playing with — they become lifelong friends, offering comfort for children and adults alike. Their softness and fun designs bring happiness, while helping to create emotional connections. When picking a Jellycat, you can choose one based on your own interests or personality. Jellycat offers a wide variety of toys, from cute bears to quirky creatures like dragons, ensuring there must be one suitable for you. In conclusion, Jellycat has become a beloved brand not just because of its adorable and high-quality stuffed animals, but because of the emotional connection they foster. Whether it’s a child’s favorite toy or an adult’s comforting companion, these cuddly creatures bring joy and warmth into people’s lives. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ IV. Translation (第1-2句，每句3分；第3句，4分；第4句5分；共15分) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52．先进的灯光技术使这座古镇重新焕发往日的辉煌｡(restore)（汉译英） ____________________________________________________ 53．这位工程师参与了保护历史遗迹的项目,他强调传统技艺无法被现代技术取代｡(involve) （汉译英） ____________________________________________________ 54．尽管取得了卓越成就，由于性别不平等，许多女科学家未能获得应有的认可。(Despite) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 55．这位年轻企业家凭借其独特的视野和卓越的领导力所取得的惊人成就，远远超出了包括他家人在内的所有人的预期。(exceed) (汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________ V.Guided Writing (共25分) 56．Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 上海许多公园开始实行24小时向公众开放，你赞成这种做法吗?请谈谈你的看法和理由。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 试题 第3页（共8页） 试题 第4页（共8页） 试题 第1页（共8页） 试题 第2页（共8页） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 2 The things around us单元自测·基础卷 （考试时间：90分钟 试卷满分：115分） 注意事项： 1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。 3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 I. Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分） Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Apple Rolls Out Thinner iPhone, Higher Price Apple has rolled out its next generation of iPhones, including a thin model called the iPhone Air, as well as a price increase for one of its more expensive models. All four new iPhone 17 models will have better cameras and longer-lasting batteries than last year’s models. The front camera will also have an option called “Center Stage” 1 will take advantage of a wider field of view, and a new sensor allowing users to take landscape photos 2 having to turn the phone. All iPhone 17s will have at least 256 gigabytes of storage, 3 (double) the minimum amount from the last generation. “We 4 (raise) the bar again,” Apple CEO Tim Cook said in front of a crowd on the company’s campus in Cupertino, California, on September 9. The iPhone Air will start at $1,000—the price of last year’s iPhone 16 Pro. However, Apple will charge $1,100 for the iPhone 17 Pro, 5 increase of $100 from previous versions of that model. The starting price for the basic iPhone 17 will be unchanged at $800, and the iPhone 17 Pro Max will also be unchanged at $1,200. All four models will be in stores on September 19. The new phones 6 (expect) to be made in Apple’s factories in China and India. However, US President Donald Trump has insisted that iPhones 7 (make) in the US. Cook has tried to placate (安抚) Trump by promising that Apple 8 (invest) $500 billion in the US over the next four years. He added another $100 billion to that promise last month, and also gifted Trump a plaque with a 24-karat gold base. However, iPhones 9 (bring) into the US will still face Trump’s tariffs of about 25%. 10 some experts had expected Apple to raise prices due to the tariffs, it seems the company will continue to keep most of the same prices it has used for its newest iPhones in recent years. Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．constantly        B．concern        C． impact        D．emphasis        E weight F. trendy           G. generation      H. pattern        I. alternative        J. surrounded K. elegantly The Rise of Retro Fashion Do you care about what you wear? Some people are very fashion-conscious, carefully selecting the clothes they buy and how they dress. Fashionistas (时尚达人) always want to be seen in the latest designer gear. But that trend is changing as retro or vintage clothing is becoming a popular and often cheaper 11 . Of course, “vintage” clothing is really second-hand clothing, worn before but given a second life. The fashion industry has rebranded this stuff to make it look 12 and possibly give it a higher price tag. Whereas we may have seen an old faded pair of jeans or a dress with a flower 13 sold at a jumble sale (旧货拍卖会), now we are 14 with boutique and pop-up shops dedicated to the stuff. And in the UK, one supermarket chain has started selling second-hand clothes in some of its stores. According to managing director Steve Lynam, the more people invest in the circular economy and shop vintage, the bigger 15 we will have on climate change. Certainly, buying vintage puts 16 on extending the life of clothing. It cuts down on waste and helps to reduce the environmental damage caused by manufacturing new clothes. It’s also led to the rise of retro-fashion-items that your mum or dad wore decades ago that now look 17 cool again! It’s a big thing with younger people and has been helped by the rise of platforms like Depop and Vinted, which sell “worn” clothes online. As lanina Lucca, Senior Vice President at Depop explained: “The new 18 is looking to make choices that reduce their impact on the environment, with 77% of Gen Z saying that their biggest environmental 19 being that they want their choices to reduce waste.” Another popular way of buying old clothes is in a vintage kilo sale. People pick what they want and then pay according to 20 rather than per item. Some items are upcycled — re-modelled or re-worked by adding embroidery, patches and other additions. However, these second-hand clothes are worn or re-designed, the sustainability of vintage fashion means it’s here to stay for some time to come. II. Reading Comprehension (21 – 35题，每题1分；36 – 50题，每题2分；共45分) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. The East African country of Kenya has been at the forefront of the global war on plastic since 2017, when officials banned plastic bags. In June 2020, the government 21 the efforts with a ban on single-use plastics in protected areas. Unfortunately, the measures have 22 made any impact. Hundreds of tons of industrial and consumer polymer (聚合物) waste continue to get 23 into landfills daily. However, if 29-year-old Nzambi Matee has her way, the unpleasant plastic 24 will soon be transformed into colourful bricks. The material engineer’s search to find a (n) 25 solution to control plastic pollution began in 2017. She quit her job as a data analyst at a local chemical factory and set up a small lab in her mother’s backyard. It took her nine months to produce the first brick and even longer to 26 a partner to help build the machinery to make them. But the determined eco-entrepreneur was confident in her idea and did not 27 . She says, “I wanted to use my education in applied physics and material engineering to do something about the problem of plastic waste pollution. But I was very 28 that the solution had to be practical, sustainable, and affordable. The best way to do this was by 29 the waste into the construction and finding the most efficient and affordable material to build homes.” Her company, Gjenge Makers, now hires 112 people and produces over 1,500 bricks a day. The pavers (铺路材料) are made using a mix of plastic products that cannot be reprocessed or recycled. The polymer is obtained 30 from factories or picked by hired locals from Nairobi’s largest landfill, Dandora. The collected plastic is 31 with sand, heated at very high temperatures, and compressed into bricks that vary in colour and thickness. The 32 product is stronger, lighter, and about 30 percent cheaper than concrete bricks. Matee, who was recently 33 as one of the Young Champions of the Earth 2020 — the United Nations’ highest environmental 34 . Her dream is to reduce the mountain of trash in Dandora to just a hill by increasing production and expanding her offerings. She says, “The more we recycle the plastic, the more we produce affordable housing, and the more we create 35 for the youth.” 21．A．modified B．glorified C．intensified D．justified 22．A．equally B．nearly C．mildly D．barely 23．A．dumped B．turned C．loaded D．leaked 24．A．modes B．ports C．heaps D．costumes 25．A．personal B．feasible C．orderly D．adjustable 26．A．remind B．assure C．convince D．direct 27．A．get off B．give up C．show off D．put out 28．A．clear B．fair C．bold D．mature 29．A．enclosing B．distributing C．reversing D．channelling 30．A．distantly B．openly C．directly D．secretly 31．A．replaced B．mixed C．equipped D．fixed 32．A．reforming B．resulting C．recovering D．recording 33．A．defended B．criticized C．claimed D．recognized 34．A．honour B．level C．grant D．diploma 35．A．employment B．experiment C．entertainment D．investment Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. A Recently, campaigners have encouraged us to buy local food. This reduces “food miles”, that is, the distance food travels from the producer to the shop owner. They reason that the higher the food miles, the more carbon mission(排放物). However, the real story is not as simple as that. In fact, imported food often has a lower carbon footprint than locally grown good. Take apples, for example. The local apples the British buy in winter or spring have been kept refrigerated for months, and this uses a lot of energy. In spring, therefore, it is more energy-saving to import them from New Zealand, where they are in season. Heating also uses a lot of energy, which is why growing tomatoes in heated greenhouses in the UK is less environmentally friendly than importing them from Spain, where the crop grows well in the local climate. We must also take into account the type of transport. Transporting food by air creates more emissions. However, only a few goods are flown to the consumer country, and these are usually high-value, short-lived items which we cannot produce locally. Even then, these foods may not have a higher carbon footprint than locally grown food. For example, beans flown in from Kenya are grown in sunny fields using natural fertilizers, unlike in Britain, where we use oil-based fertilizers and machinery. Also, a product’s journey does not end at the supermarket. Driving a long way to shop for food will neutralize(抵消) any environmental benefits of buying locally grown produce. Furthermore, choosing local over imported food can also badly affect people in developing countries. If they are unable to sell produce overseas, they will have less income. Recently, some supermarkets have been trying to raise awareness of food miles by labeling foods to show they have been imported by air. But the message this gives is too simple. Lots of different factors contribute to a food’s carbon footprint. And. even if we only buy local food which is currently in season, there are ethical(伦理的) problems. What’s more, our diets would be more limited. 36．Why should the British buy imported apples according to the author? A．It reduces food miles. B．It benefits the local farmers. C．It is less energy-consuming. D．It is less costly and more convenient. 37．What can we infer about the foods transported by air? A．They are grown using oil-based fertilizers. B．They can be mass-produced locally. C．They have a low carbon footprint. D．They fail to have a long shelf life. 38．What does the author think of labeling foods? A．It does not give correct product information. B．It does not tell a full and accurate story. C．It will raise environmental awareness. D．It will help people to shop ethically. 39．What is the purpose of this text? A．To solve a problem. B．To make a prediction. C．To argue against a belief. D．To give practical advice. B Decoding Energy Labels When shopping for a large appliance, it’s natural to focus on the purchase price. But another important factor is how much the machine will add to your utility bills. Reading the EnergyGuide label closely could save you hundreds of dollars. Here’s what to look for. * Yellow numbers are circled. a．This shows how much energy in kilowatt hours the appliance uses in one year. For a washing machine, for example, this estimate is based on the average energy used per wash cycle multiplied by the number of cycles run per year. The label uses national averages — but electricity rates vary by location, so also look at the bulleted information below it to help you estimate your actual costs. b．If you have a natural gas appliance, refer to this number. c．This scale helps you compare the model you’re considering to others of the same type. The closer the arrow is to the left, the more energy efficient(and cost-efficient) the appliance is. d．This is the approximate amount you’ll pay for the model over one year. It takes into account both the amount of energy required to operate the appliance and to heat water, if that’s required. 40．This passage probably belongs to a magazine section called _________. A．Product Spotlight B．Tech Update C．Deal Finder D．Money Saver 41．The descriptions (a-d) in the box are in the wrong order. Which of the following shows their correct order from ① to ④? A．d-a-c-b B．b-c-a-d C．b-a-c-d D．a-d-b-d 42．Which of the following is true about the bullet points in the label? A．They reflect your actual usage or rates. B．They detail what the estimates are based on. C．LG Electronics isn’t certified with Energy Star. D．Yellow numbers means standard washing procedures. C Have you ever entered a store and noticed a pleasant smell of fresh bread or coffee? This is often not by chance. Many businesses now use a strategy called scent marketing to shape customer feelings and shopping behavior. By pumping specific smells in their stores, they create a welcoming environment that encourages people to stay longer and spend more. A well-known example comes from a Brooklyn supermarket that set up small scent machines. These devices release appealing smells like chocolate cookies or sea air at different times. The store manager found that customers not only stayed longer but also reported a better shopping experience. More importantly, sales of some items, especially baked foods, rose noticeably after the machines were installed. Why does this work so well? Research shows that smell is strongly connected to memory and emotion. This happens because the part of our brain that processes smells is close to the part that handles emotions and memories. When we smell something pleasant, it can bring back happy memories and make us feel good. For example, the smell of baking bread might remind you of your grandmother’s kitchen, making you feel warm and comfortable. When customers feel happy and relaxed, they are more likely to stay longer in the store and make purchases. Importantly, we usually notice these smells without full awareness, so their effect on our choices is subtle yet powerful. Besides supermarkets, many other places now use scent marketing. For example, some hotels release a relaxing smell of lavender (薰衣草) in their lobbies to help guests feel calm and welcome. Clothing stores might use light floral scents to create a fresh and clean environment, making customers more likely to try on clothes and enjoy their time shopping. This strategy is becoming more common because it offers a simple way to improve the customer’s experience without them even realizing it. However, some people worry that this practice is a form of manipulation. They question if it is right to use hidden methods to influence spending. Despite these concerns, scent marketing continues to grow in use across various industries, from hotels to car dealerships, showing that for many businesses, engaging the sense of smell is as important as visual appeal. 43．According to the passage, what specific result did the Brooklyn supermarket observe after installing scent machines? A．Customers complained about artificial smells. B．Sales of baked goods significantly increased. C．The machines were removed due to high costs. D．Customers preferred the smell of sea air over food scents. 44．Based on the explanation of how scent marketing works, why might a clothing store use light floral scents? A．To cover up unpleasant odors in the dressing rooms. B．To remind customers of nature and encourage eco-friendly purchases. C．To create an atmosphere where shoppers feel more comfortable. D．To alert customers to its potential stealth marketing. 45．The phrase “a form of manipulation” in the last paragraph refers to ________. A．making customers buy things they do not truly want B．using hidden methods to influence people without their awareness C．tricking people into believing products are more valuable than they are D．forcing businesses to use expensive scent machines 46．Which title best summarizes the main idea of the entire passage? A．The History of Supermarket Advertising B．The Science of Baking and Bread Smells C．Why Customers Dislike Scent Machines D．How Scents Secretly Shape Shopping Behavior Section C Directions: Read the following passages. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Mystery Boxes Most of us know what it’s like to get presents from friends. Whether it’s for a birthday or other celebration, it’s hard to beat the excitement of opening a carefully wrapped box to find something that’s both unexpected and suits you perfectly. Now, imagine if you could get the same feeling when you go shopping for yourself. That’s the feeling that mystery boxes hope to reproduce. Mystery boxes are not a new idea— they were a feature of department stores in Japan in the early 20th century. They contain a range of different products, which are sold at a lower price than their combined value. 47 All kinds of mystery boxes are available: fashion boxes, food boxes, beauty boxes, even lucky boxes, which are virtual items for video games. The pleasant surprise is not the only attraction of mystery boxes. 48 Seasonal vegetable subscription boxes might lead people to learn to cook new meals. They can also potentially offer great savings— as the recommended consumer price of the contents is often far higher than the purchase price. For sellers and suppliers, the benefits are clear: 49 British fashion mystery box businessman Mario Maher highlights how mystery boxes can help reduce the amount of waste in the fashion industry. People might discover product ranges that would otherwise be thrown away. 50 When you buy them, you don’t know what you’ll get. It may be that the goods inside are not to your taste, but there is also the potential for cheaters to employ the unpredictability of mystery boxes to send items that have a much lower value than the price of the box. So, are mystery boxes a fun way of reducing waste and making shopping more exciting, or more an opportunity for disappointment, or worse— cheating? A．There is an obvious downside to mystery boxes. B．They also allow people to try things that they otherwise wouldn’t. C．Retailers often lose money when selling mystery boxes to clear stock. D．It allows them to sell unwanted stock for a profit. E．Customers usually get a list of contents before buying mystery boxes. F．The key thing is that customers don’t know what’s in the box before they buy. III. Summary Writing (10分) 51．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Why Is Everyone So fascinated by Jellycats? Jellycat started in the UK in 1999, founded by two creative people who wanted to make stuffed toys (毛绒玩具) in a new way. The name “Jellycat” comes from the sound of a child’s laughter, which is part of the fun, playful atmosphere that the brand is known for. Since then, Jellycat has grown into a global brand, offering unique and imaginative designs that capture people’s hearts. In a world where trends come and go quickly, Jellycat stuffed animals have become much more than just a passing hit. They are loved by people of all ages, offering comfort and joy. Why is this brand so appealing and has been well received for so many years? What sets Jellycat apart is its focus on creativity. Every year, the brand releases two new collections, always introducing fresh and exciting stuffed toys. This constant innovation ensures there’s always something new to discover, which keeps catching consumers’ eye. Jellycat also cares deeply about safety, making sure all of their toys meet international safety standards, so they’re safe for kids of all ages. In addition, Jellycat toys are known for their excellent quality. They are soft to touch and built to last — meaning they can handle lots of pats and hugs. Actually, these toys aren’t just for playing with — they become lifelong friends, offering comfort for children and adults alike. Their softness and fun designs bring happiness, while helping to create emotional connections. When picking a Jellycat, you can choose one based on your own interests or personality. Jellycat offers a wide variety of toys, from cute bears to quirky creatures like dragons, ensuring there must be one suitable for you. In conclusion, Jellycat has become a beloved brand not just because of its adorable and high-quality stuffed animals, but because of the emotional connection they foster. Whether it’s a child’s favorite toy or an adult’s comforting companion, these cuddly creatures bring joy and warmth into people’s lives. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ IV. Translation (第1-2句，每句3分；第3句，4分；第4句5分；共15分) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52．先进的灯光技术使这座古镇重新焕发往日的辉煌｡(restore)（汉译英） ____________________________________________________ 53．这位工程师参与了保护历史遗迹的项目,他强调传统技艺无法被现代技术取代｡(involve) （汉译英） ____________________________________________________ 54．尽管取得了卓越成就，由于性别不平等，许多女科学家未能获得应有的认可。(Despite) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 55．这位年轻企业家凭借其独特的视野和卓越的领导力所取得的惊人成就，远远超出了包括他家人在内的所有人的预期。(exceed) (汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________ V.Guided Writing (共25分) 56．Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 上海许多公园开始实行24小时向公众开放，你赞成这种做法吗?请谈谈你的看法和理由。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 2 The things around us单元自测·基础卷 （考试时间：90分钟 试卷满分：115分） （参考答案） 1．which 2．without 3．doubling 4．have raised 5．an 6．are expected 7．(should) be made 8．will invest 9．brought 10．Although/Though/While 11．I 12．F 13．H 14．J 15．C 16．D 17．K 18．G 19．B 20．E 21．C 22．D 23．A 24．C 25．B 26．C 27．B 28．A 29．D 30．C 31．B 32．B 33．D 34．A 35．A 36．C 37．D 38．B 39．C 40．D 41．A 42．B 43．B 44．C 45．B 46．D 47．F 48．B 49．D 50．A 51．One possible version: First, company’s constant innovation allows consumers to regularly discover something new. Second, the toy is safe because it meets international safety standards. Third, they are high-quality, featuring a soft touch and great durability. 52．The advanced lighting technology has restored the ancient town to its former glory/splendor. 53．The engineer involved himself in the project to protect historical relics, and he emphasized that traditional skills couldn’t be replaced by/with modern technology. 54．Despite their remarkable achievements, many female scientists fail to receive the recognition that/which they deserve due to gender inequality. 55．The remarkable achievements made by this young entrepreneur, thanks to his unique vision and exceptional leadership, far exceeded everyone’s expectations, including his family. 56．I absolutely support the idea of Shanghai's many parks being open to the public 24 hours a day. Not only does it provide more opportunities for people to enjoy the beautiful green spaces that the city has to offer, but it also promotes a healthier and more active lifestyle. With busy work schedules and limited free time, having access to these parks at all hours of the day allows for greater flexibility in incorporating exercise and outdoor activities into our daily routines. Additionally, it can create a safer environment as more people will be using the parks, discouraging criminal activity. However, it is important to ensure that there are adequate security measures in place to maintain the safety of those using the parks at night. Overall, I believe this initiative is a positive step towards creating a more livable and enjoyable city for its residents. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $