必修二Unit 4词汇精讲-高中英语2025沪教版

必修2Unit4词汇精讲 Unit 4 brick [词义与词性 ■(n.)(n.):砖；砖块 The house is made of bricks.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(n.)(n.):积木 Children like to play with bricks.(来源：柯林斯词典) ■(.)(V.):用砖砌；用砖堵住 They bricked up the window.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■名词复数：bricks;例句：Ne need more bricks to build the wall..(来源：牛津高阶词典)形容词：brick-made(砖 砌的)；例句：The brick-made house looks very solid.(来源：自编)动词过去式和过去分词：bricked;现在分词： bricking;例句：They are bricking up the old well..(来源：自编) 同近义词 ■-同义词：block(n.):块；块状物；例句：A block of stone can be used to build a house.(来源：牛津高阶词典)- 近义词：clay brick(n.):黏土砖；例句：The old buildings are often made of clay bricks.(来源：自编) 固定搭配 ■短语1：brick by brick:一点一点地：逐步地；适用于描述循序渐进的过程，语法上一般作状语；例句：They built the business brick by brick.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：lay bricks:砌砖；适用于建筑场景，语法上 作谓语；例句：The mason can lay bricks very quickly.(来源：自编)短语3：brick up:用砖堵住；适用于描述封 堵门窗等场景，语法上后接被堵住的物体；例句：They decided to brick up the unused fireplace.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察名词复数形式；原题：The workers used many._(brick)to build the chimney.(答案：bricks)考法2：考察 动词的过去式形式：原题：They_(brick)up the door last week..(答案：bricked) (来源：教材) shark 词义与词性 ■(n.)(n.):鲨鱼 The shark circled the swimmer.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(n)(n.):贪婪的人；放高利贷的人 He is a loan-shak.(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■形容词：sharky(可疑的；奸滑的)；例句：He had a sharky look on his face..(来源：韦氏词典)复数：sharks(规 则变化，直接加-s);例句：There are many sharks in the ocean.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：dogfish:名词，角鲨；例句：Dogfish are small sharks.(来源：柯林斯词典)近义词：selachian:名词，鲨 类；例句：Selachians have a long evolutionary history.(来源：韦氏词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：shark fin:鱼翅；适用于描述食物或者海洋生物相关场景，语法上可作主语、宾语等；例句：Shark fin soup is a traditional dish in some cultures.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：loan shark:放高利贷者；适用于金融、社会场景，语 法上可作主语、宾语；例句：He got into trouble with a loan shark.(来源：柯林斯词典)短语3：shark attack:鲨鱼袭击； 适用于海洋、安全相关场景，语法上可作主语、宾语；例句：Shark attacks are rare but terrifying.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察名词单复数形式；原题：There are several_ (shark)in the aquarium.(答案：sharks) (来源：教材) attract 词义与词性 ■()(V.):吸引；引起…的注意 The bright lights attracted many people.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■()(v.):引起（兴趣、赞赏等） The exhibition attracted a large crowd.(来源：柯林斯词典) ■()(v.):有吸引力；使喜爱 The idea of a holiday abroad really attracts me..(来源：牛津高阶词典) [词性转换 ■名词：attraction;例句：The Great Wall is a major tourist attraction.(来源：牛津高阶词典)形容词：attractive;例 句：The offer is very attractive to us..（来源：柯林斯词典)动词现在分词：attracting;例句：The beautiful flowers are attracting bees.(来源：朗文当代英语词典)动词过去式和过去分词：attracted;例句：The movie attracted a lot of attention last year.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■同义词：appeal::动词，有吸引力；例句：The new fashion style appeals to young people.(来源：柯林斯词典)近义 词：charm:动词，吸引；迷住；例句：The city's old buildings charmed the visitors.（来源：牛津高阶词典)近义词： fascinate:动词，使着迷；例句：The stars have always fascinated me.(来源：朗文当代英语词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：attract one's attention:吸引某人的注意：适用于描述引起他人关注的场景，语法上one's用形容词性物主 代词；例句：The loud noise attracted my attention.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：be attracted to:被…吸引；适 用于表达某人对某人或某物感兴趣的场景，语法上to后接吸引的对象；例句：She is attracted to the handsome boy.. (来源：朗文当代英语词典)短语3：attract investment:吸引投资；适用于经济领域描述吸引资金投入的场景，语 法上attract后接投资相关内容；例句：The government is trying to attract more foreign investment.(来源：柯林斯词 典)短语4：attract customers:吸引顾客；适用于商业场景描述吸引消费者的情况，语法上attract后接顾客群体； 例句：The new store uses many ways to attract customers.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：作动词，考察其过去式形式：原题：Last year,the event」 (attract)over100,000 visitors.(答案：attracted)考 法2：考察固定搭配be attracted to:原题：Many young people are._ _(attract)to the city because of its job opportunities. (答案：attracted) (来源：教材) gain 词义与词性 ■()(v.):获得；赢得；博得 He gained a lot of experience in this job.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■()(v.):增加；增添 She has gained weight recently.(来源：柯林斯词典) ■(n.)(n.):好处；益处；改进 The new policy brought some gains to the company.(来源：朗文当代英语词典) 词性转换 ■形容词：gainful;有收益的；有报酬的例句：He found a gainful employment.(来源：韦氏词典)名词：gainer;获得 者例句：The gainer of the competition is very proud.(来源：英语搭配大词典)动词过去式/过去分词：gained(规则 变化，直接加-ed)例句：He gained a prize last year.(来源：牛津高阶词典)动词现在分词：gaining(直接加-ing) 例句：The company is gaining more and more customers..(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■同义词：acquire:动词，获得；取得例句：She acquired a lot of knowledge from books.(来源：牛津高阶词典)近义 词：obtain:动词，获得；得到例句：He obtained a scholarship.（来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：gain from:从…中获得：适用于描述从某事物中获取益处的场景，语法上from后接获得益处的来源：例 句：Ne can gain a lot from reading good books..(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：gain weight:增加体重；适用于描 述体重增加的场景，语法上无特殊要求；例句：He has gained weight since he stopped exercising.(来源：柯林斯 词典)短语3：gain experience:获得经验；适用于描述获取经验的场景，语法上无特殊要求；例句：You can gain experience by working in different places.(来源：英语搭配大词典)短语4：gain access to:获得使用…的机会； 适用于描述获得某种权限或机会的场景，语法上to后接获得机会的对象；例句：Students can gain access to the library after school..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：作动词，考察其过去式形式：原题：He (gain)a lot of knowledge from his travels last year.(答案gained)考 法2：考察固定搭配gain from:原题：Ne can._ a lot this experience..(答案：gain;fom) (来源：教材) target 词义与词性 ■(n)(n.):目标；指标；对象；靶子 The sales target for this month is very high.(来源：柯林斯词典) ■()(V.):把…作为目标；瞄准 The advertising campaign is targeted at young people.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■名词：target;形容词：targeted;例句：The company launched a targeted marketing campaign..(来源：柯林斯词典)； 动词过去式/过去分词：targeted/targett;例句：They targeted the enemy base.(来源：牛津高阶词典)：动词现在 分词：targeting:例句：The missile is targeting the ship.(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：aim:名词/动词，目标瞄准；例句：What's your aim in life？(来源：牛津高阶词典)；近义词：goal:名 词，目标；例句：His goal is to become a doctor.(来源：柯林斯词典)；近义词：objective:名词，目标；例句：Our objective is to increase sales.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：set a target:设定目标；适用于制定计划、规划等场景，语法上set后接目标的具体内容；例句：Ne should set a target for our study.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；短语2：target at::针对；适用于描述目标对象的场景，语法上at 后接目标对象；例句：This advertisement is targeted at children..(来源：柯林斯词典)；短语3：reach the target:达 到目标；适用于描述完成目标的场景，语法上reach是及物动词；例句：Ne finally reached the target after hard work. (来源：牛津高阶词典)；短语4：hit the target:射中靶子；引申为达到目的；适用于描述射击或完成任务的场景， 语法上hit是及物动词；例句：He hit the target with his first shot..(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：作名词，考察其单复数形式：原题：The company has set several_ _(target)forthis year.(答案targets)考法2： 作动词，考察其被动语态；原题：The new policy is_一((target)at reducing pollution..(答案targeted) (来源：教材) attack 词义与词性 ■()(v.):攻击；进攻；袭击 The dog attacked the intruder.(来源：柯林斯词典) ■(.)(v.):抨击；批评 The report attacked the government's economic policies..(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(n)(n.):攻击；进攻；袭击 The city came under attack during the night..(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(n)(n.):(疾病的)发作 He had an attack of asthma..(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■名词：attacker;攻击者；例句：The attacker was quickly arrested.(来源：柯林斯词典)形容词：attackable;可攻击的； 例句：The position is attackable from several directions.(来源：韦氏词典)动词过去式I过去分词：attacked;规则变 化，直接加-ed;例句：They attacked the enemy camp last night..(来源：牛津高阶词典)动词现在分词：attacking; 规则变化，直接加-ing;例句：The army is attacking the city..(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■-同义词：assault(v.In.):攻击；袭击；例句：The soldiers assaulted the enemy's position.(来源：牛津高阶词典) -近义词：charge(v.):猛攻；冲锋；例句：The cavalry charged the enemy.(来源：柯林斯词典)-近义词：raid(n. Iv.):突袭；例句：The police carried out a raid on the drug den.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：attack on:对…的攻击；适用于描述攻击对象的场景，语法上on后接被攻击的对象；例句：There was an attack on the embassy..(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：under attack:遭到攻击；适用于描述处于被攻击状态的场 景；例句：The town was under attack by the enemy.(来源：柯林斯词典)短语3：launch an attack:发动攻击；适 用于描述发起攻击行动的场景；例句：The troops launched an attack at dawn.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语4：heat attack:心脏病发作；适用于描述健康方面疾病发作的场景；例句：He had a heart attack last year.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：作动词，考察其过去式形式：原题：The enemy, _(attack)our base last week.（答案attacked)考法2：考察固 定搭配under attack:原题：The building was (attack)by the terrorists.(答案：under attack) (来源：教材) approach 词义与词性 ■()(v.):靠近，接近 As you approach the town,.you'll see the church on the left.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■()(v.):处理，对付 Ve need to approach this problem from a different angle.(来源：柯林斯词典) ■(n)(n.):方法，方式 His approach to teaching is very effective.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(n.)(n.):靠近，接近 The approach of winter brings cold weather..(来源：柯林斯词典) [词性转换 ■形容词：approachable;可接近的，随和的；例句：Our new manager is very approachable.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 动词过去式和过去分词：approached;规则变化，直接加-ed;例句：She approached the stranger and asked for directions..(来源：柯林斯词典)动词现在分词：approaching;规则变化，直接加-ing;例句：The train is approaching the station.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■-近义词：near(v.):接近，靠近；例句：We neared the end of our journey.(来源：牛津高阶词典)-近义词：method (n.):方法；例句：Ne should adopt a scientific method to solve the problem.(来源：柯林斯词典)-近义词：way (n.):方式，方法；例句：There are many ways to solve this math problem.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：approach to sth：…的方法；适用于描述解决问题或处理事情的方法场景，语法上to后接所针对的事 物；例句：There are different approaches to learning a language.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：approach sb.about sth：就某事与某人接洽；适用于商务或工作场景，语法上about.后接具体的事情；例句：I approached my boss about a pay rise..(来源：柯林斯词典)短语3：make an approach to::对…进行探讨；适用于学术或研究场景； 例句：They made an approach to the new theory..(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语4：at the approach of:在…快到 的时候；适用于描述时间或季节临近的场景；例句：At the approach of night,.the temperature drops..(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：作动词，考察其现在分词形式：原题：The time」 (approach),,we should make full preparations.(答案：approaching) 考法2：考察固定搭配approach to sth.:原题：This is a new, (approach)to language teaching..(答案：approach) (来源：教材) strength 词义与词性 ■(n)(n.):体力，力气 He doesn't have the strength to lift this heavy box.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(n.)(n.):力量，实力 The country's economic strength is increasing.(来源：柯林斯词典) ■(n)(n.):优点，长处 One of her strengths is her ability to work under pressure.(来源：朗文当代高级英语词典) 词性转换 ■形容词：strong:例句：He is a strong man.(来源：牛津高阶词典)动词：strengthen;例句：We should strengthen our defense.(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■-同义词：power(n.):力量；例句：Knowledge is power.（来源：培根名言)-近义词：force(n.):武力，力量；例 句：The police had to use force to break up the crowd..(来源：牛津高阶词典)-近义词：might(n.):强大力量；例 句：He fought with all his might.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：strength of character::性格的力量；适用于描述人的性格特质场景，语法上strength后接of短语；例句：His strength of character helped him through the difficult time.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：in strength:大量地；适用 于描述数量众多的场景，语法上作状语；例句：People came to the concert in strength.(来源：柯林斯词典)短语3： on the strength of::基于，凭借；适用于描述依据某种条件的场景，语法上后接名词或名词短语；例句：He got the job on the strength of his qualifications.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语4：build up one's strength:增强某人的体力；适 用于描述健康、体能提升的场景，语法上one's后接名词；例句：You should build up your strength after an illness, (来源：朗文当代高级英语词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察名词词义“长处，优点”；原题：Everyone has his own (strength)and weaknesses..(答案：strengths)考 法2：考察固定搭配on the strength of:原题：He was promoted】 his excellent perfommance.(答案：on the strength of) (来源：教材) sharp 词义与词性 ■(adj.)(adj):锋利的；锐利的 This knife is very sharp.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(adj)(adj):急剧的；猛烈的 There has been a sharp increase in prices.(来源：柯林斯词典) ■(adj)(adj.):敏锐的；灵敏的 Dogs have a sharp sense of smel.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(adv.)(adv.):准时地 Be here at nine o'clock sharp.(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■副词：sharply;表示程度急剧地、尖锐地；例句：The price of oil has fallen sharply.(来源：牛津高阶词典)名词： sharpness;表示锋利、敏锐；例句：The sharpness of the knife is impressive..(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：acute:形容词，敏锐的；例句：He has acute hearing.(来源：牛津高阶词典)近义词：keen:形容词，敏锐 的；例句：She has a keen intellect..(来源：柯林斯词典)近义词：steep:形容词，急剧的；例句：There is a steep rise in temperature.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：sharp turn:急转弯；适用于描述道路等的转折场景，语法上直接修饰名词；例句：There is a sharp turn ahead..（来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：at..o'clock sharp:在…点整；适用于描述时间，语法上at后接具体时间； 例句：The meeting will start at three o'clock sharp.(来源：柯林斯词典)短语3：sharp contrast:鲜明的对比；适 用于描述两者对比明显的场景，语法上作名词短语；例句：There is a sharp contrast between the two pictures.(来 源：牛津高阶词典)短语4：sharp criticism:尖锐的批评；适用于描述批评的场景，语法上作名词短语；例句：He received sharp criticism for his mistake.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：作形容词，考察其在描述价格、数量等变化时的用法；原题：The demand for this product has shown a (sharp) decline this year.(答案：sharp)考法2：考察副词sharply的用法：原题：The number of tourists has dropped_ (sharp) since last month.(答案：sharply) (来源：教材) skin 词义与词性 ■(n)(n.):皮：皮肤：兽皮：毛皮：外皮；果皮 Your skin feels so soft.(来源：牛津高阶词典)》 ■()(V.):剥皮；去皮；擦破（身体某部位）的皮 She skinned her knee when she fell.(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■形容词：skinny:瘦的，皮包骨的：例句：He is too skinny..(来源：牛津高阶词典)动词过去式和过去分词：skinned 规则变化，直接加-ed;例句：He skinned the potatoes.(来源：柯林斯词典)动词现在分词：skinning:去e加-ing: 例句：She is skinning a rabbit..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：hide(n.):兽皮；尤指大型动物的皮；例句：The leather is made from cow hide..(来源：牛津高阶词典)近 义词：peel(v.):剥皮；尤指剥水果、蔬菜的皮；例句：Peel the bananas before you eat them.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：save one's skin:使自己免遭伤害；适用于描述摆脱危险的场景，语法上可单独使用；例句：He saved his skin by running away.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：skin and bone((s:极瘦的；适用于描述人的外貌状态，语法上可作表 语；例句：The poor child is just skin and bones..(来源：柯林斯词典)短语3：skin sb.alive:严厉斥责某人；适用于表 达愤怒指责的场景，语法上sb.用宾格；例句：The boss will skin him alive if he makes such a mistake again.(来源：韦 氏大词典)短语4：skin a cat::有多种办法做某事；适用于讨论解决问题的方法的场景，语法上可用于There are many ways to skin a cat.句式；例句：There are many ways to skin a cat when it comes to solving this problem.(来源：剑桥词典) 典型考法 考法1：作名词，考察其单复数形式：原题：Many animals have thick.」 (skin)to protect them from the cold..(答案：skins) 考法2：作动词，考察其现在分词形式：原题：Hes_(skin)the fish.(答案：skinning) (来源：教材) bite [词义与词性 ■()(.)：咬；叮；蜇 The dog bit me on the leg.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(n)(n.):咬；一口；咬伤 She took a bite of the apple.(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■过去式：bit;过去分词：bitten;现在分词：biting;形容词：biting(尖锐的；刺痛的)：例句：There was a biting wind (来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■-近义词：gnaw(v.):咬；啃；词性：动词；中文含义：咬，啃；例句：Rats had gnawed holes in the sacks.(来源：牛津高 阶词典)-近义词：nip(v.):咬；夹；词性：动词；中文含义：咬，夹；例句：The dog nipped my ankle.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：bite into:咬进；适用于描述咬食物的场景，语法上into后接被咬的食物；例句：She bit into the sandwich (来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：bite off:咬掉；适用于描述咬下一部分物体的场景，语法上off后接被咬掉的部分； 例句：He bit off a large piece of bread.(来源：柯林斯词典)短语3：bite one's tongue:忍住不说；适用于描述忍住 不发表意见的场景，语法上无特殊要求；例句：I had to bite my tongue to stop myself from arguing.(来源：牛津高阶 词典)短语4：bite the bullet:咬紧牙关；适用于描述勇敢面对困难的场景，语法上无特殊要求；例句：You'll just have to bite the bullet and tell her the truth.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：作动词，考察其过去式和过去分词形式：原题：He_(bite)by a snake last week.(答案：was bitten)考法2： 考察名词词义；原题：She had a small._一(bte)ofthe cake.(答案：bte) (来源：教材) wrap 词义与词性 ■()(v.):包；裹；缠绕 She wrapped the present in pretty paper.（来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(.)(v.):覆盖；遮蔽 The mountains were wrapped in mist..(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■名词：vrapper;例句：He tore off the chocolate wrapper.(来源：牛津高阶词典)动词过去式和过去分词：wrapped; 例句：She wrapped the baby in a blanket..(来源：柯林斯词典)动词现在分词：wrapping;例句：They are wrapping gifts for Christmas.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：envelop:动词，包裹；覆盖；例句：The fog enveloped the city.(来源：柯林斯词典)近义词：cover:动 词，覆盖；例句：Cover the table with a cloth.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：wrap sth.in sth.:用某物包裹某物；适用于描述包装物品的场景，语法上in后接用来包裹的物品；例句：Wrap the cheese in waxed paper.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：wrap up:包裹；完成；适用于描述包裹物品或完成工作等 场景；例句：Wrap up the leftovers and put them in the fridge.(来源：柯林斯词典)短语3：be wrapped in:被…包裹 着：沉浸于；适用于描述物体被包裹或人沉浸于某种状态：例句：She was wrapped in a thick coat.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：作动词，考察其过去式形式；原题：She_一wrap)the book in brown paper..(答案：wrapped)考法2：考察固 定搭配wrap sth.in sth:原题：Please】 the sandwich _a piece of foil.(答案：wap:in) (来源：教材) bleed [词义与词性 ■()(V.):流血；出血 He cut his finger and it started to bleed.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■()(v.):给…放血 Doctors used to bleed patients as a treatment.(来源：柯林斯词典) ■()(v.):悲痛；伤心 My heart bleeds for the victims of the disaster.(来源：韦氏大词典) 词性转换 ■名词：bleeding;形容词：bleeding;例句：The bleeding wound needs to be treated immediately.(来源：牛津高阶词 典)动词过去式/过去分词：bled(不规则变化)；例句：He bled to death before the ambulance arrived.(来源：柯