必修一Unit 4词汇精讲-高中英语2025沪教版

必修1Unit4词汇精讲 Unit 4 capable 词义与词性 ■(ad,)(adj.):有能力的；有才能的；能胜任的 He's quite capable of lying to get out of trouble..(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(adj.)（adj.):可能的；有…倾向的 The situation is capable of improvement.(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■名词：capability:例句：The company has the capability to produce100 cars a day.(来源：牛津高阶词典)副词： capably;例句：She handled the situation very capably.(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■同义词：able:形容词，有能力的；例句：She is able to solve difficult problems.(来源：牛津高阶词典)近义词： competent:形容词，能胜任的；例句：He is a competent teacher.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：be capable of::有能力做某事；适用于描述某人具备做某事的能力的场景，语法上of后接动词的-ing形式： 例句：She is capable of running a mile in five minutes..(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：capable hands:有能力的人；适 用于描述某件事需要有能力的人来做的场景，语法上作名词短语；例句：Leave it in capable hands.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：作形容词，考察其固定搭配be capable of doing sth.:原题：Heis_ (capable)of finishing the task on time. 案：capable) (来源：教材) experiment 词义与词性 ■(n)(n.):实验；试验 The students are doing a chemistry experiment.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(.)(V.):做试验；进行实验 They experimented with new methods.(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■名词：experiment:形容词：experimental;例句：This is an experimental approach.(来源：牛津高阶词典)动词： experiment;:名词：experimenter;例句：The experimenter carefully recorded the data.(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■-同义词：test(n.Iv.):测试；试验；例句：Ne need to test this new software.(来源：牛津高阶词典)-近义词： trial(n.):试验；试用；例句：The new drug is still in trial.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：do/conduct an experiment::进行实验；适用于描述开展实验的场景，语法上an后接具体实验内容；例 句：They conducted an experiment to test the theory.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：experiment on:在…上做 实验；适用于说明实验对象的场景，语法上on后接实验作用的对象；例句：Scientists often experiment on ani-. mals.(来源：柯林斯词典)短语3：experiment with:用…做试验；适用于描述使用某种方法或材料进行试验的场 景，语法上with后接使用的方法或材料；例句：He experimented with different cooking techniques.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：作名词，考察其复数形式：原题：Many (experiment)have been camied out to prove this theory,.(答案： experiments)考法2：作动词，考察其现在分词形式；原题：They are_(experiment)with a new way to solve the problem. (答案：experimenting) (来源：教材) survive 词义与词性 ■(.)(v.):生存；存活；继续存在 These plants cannot survive in very cold conditions.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(.)(v.):幸存；幸免于难；艰难度过 Only two passengers survived the accident.(来源：柯林斯词典) ■()(V.):比…活得长 She survived her husband by ten years.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■-名词：survival:生存；幸存；例句：The fittest animals have the best chance of survival..(来源：牛津高阶词典)- 名词：survivor:幸存者；生还者；例句：There were few survivors from the plane crash.(来源：柯林斯词典)-动词 过去式I过去分词：survived(规则变化，直接加-d);例句：He survived the war.(来源：牛津高阶词典)-动词现 在分词：surviving;例句：The surviving members of the family are in shock.(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■-同义词：outlive(v.):比…活得长；比…经久；例句：He outlived all his contemporaries.(来源：牛津高阶词典)-近义 词：endure(v.):忍耐；忍受；持续；例句：Ican't endure your rudeness any longer.(来源：牛津高阶词典)-近义词： withstand(v.):承受；抵住；例句：The structure had to be strong enough to withstand high winds.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：survive on sth.:靠某物生存；适用于描述生存所需资源的场景，语法上on后接维持生存的物品；例句： They managed to survive on a very low income..(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：survive from sth.:从…中幸存；适用 于描述灾难、事故等场景，语法上from后接灾难或事故；例句：Very few buildings survived from the medieval period.. (来源：牛津高阶词典)短语3：survive by doing sth.:通过做某事生存；适用于描述生存方式的场景，语法上by后 接动名词；例句：He survived by selling newspapers..(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：作动词，考察其过去式形式：原题：He」 survive)the earthquake last year.(答案survived)考法2：考察固定 搭配survive on sth.;原题：People in that area have to very little food.(答案：survive on) (来源：教材) labour-saving 词义与词性 ■(adj.)(adj):节省劳力的；省力的 A washing machine is a labour-saving device.(来源：朗文当代高级英语词典) 词性转换 ■名词：labour-saver;:例句：The dishwasher is a real labour-saver.(来源：剑桥词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：time-saving:形容词，节省时间的；例句：Online shopping is a time-saving way to buy things.（来源：柯林 斯词典)：近义词：effort-saving:形容词，省力的；例句：This new tool is an effort-saving invention.(来源：韦氏词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：labour-saving device:节省劳力的设备；适用于描述各种能节省人力的工具或设备的场景，语法上 device用单数或复数形式；例句：Vacuum cleaners are popular labour-saving devices.(来源：牛津高阶词典)； 短语2：labour-saving technology:节省劳力的技术；适用于科技领域描述能减少人工投入的技术，technology 为不可数名词；例句：Modern labour-saving technology has changed the way we work.(来源：朗文当代高级英语词典) 典型考法 考法1：作形容词，考察其在句子中作定语的用法：原题：The company introduced some】 (labour-saving)machines to improve eficiency.(答案：labour-saving) (来源：教材) unfortunately 词义与词性 ■(adv.)(adw.):不幸地；遗憾地；可惜地 Unfortunately,I missed the last bus.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■形容词：unfortunate;:例句：He was an unfortunate man who had been dealt a bad hand in life.(来源：柯林斯词典) 名词：unfortunate;例句：The government should take care of the unfortunates.(来源：韦氏大词典)；副词反义词： fortunately;例句：Fortunately,the weather turned out fine.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■-近义词：sadly:副词，遗憾地；例句：Sady,he couldn't come to the party.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；-近义词： regrettably:副词，遗憾地；例句：Regrettably,we had to cancel the trip.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：unfortunately for sb.:对某人来说不幸的是；适用于描述某人遭遇不幸情况的场景，语法上for后接遭遇不 幸的对象；例句：Unfortunately for him,he failed the exam.(来源：牛津高阶词典)：短语2：as unfortunately often happens:正如不幸常常发生的那样；适用于描述经常出现的不幸情况，语法上可作插入语；例句：As unfortunately often happens,she lost her keys again.(来源：朗文当代英语词典) 典型考法 考法1：作副词，在句中作状语；原题： (unfortunate),he was late for the important meeting.(Unfortunately) (来源：教材) device 词义与词性 ■(n)(n.):装置；设备；仪器 The latest devices tend to be smaller and lighter..(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(n)(n.):手段：策略；方法 Advertising is a device for stimulating people to buy.(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■形容词：deviceless(无装置的)；例句：In some remote areas,.people have to live a deviceless life.(来源：自定义 合理例句)动词：devise(设计；发明)；例句：He devised a new system for handling mail orders.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■同义词：apparatus:名词，装置；仪器；例句：The astronauts have special breathing apparatus.(来源：牛津高阶词 典)近义词：instrument::名词，仪器；工具；例句：The pilot checked the instruments carefully before take-of.(来 源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：medical device:医疗器械；适用于医疗相关场景，语法上作名词短语；例句：This hospital has a lot of advanced medical devices..(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：electronic device:电子设备；适用于科技、生活场景， 语法上作名词短语；例句：Many people can't live without electronic devices these days..(来源：自定义合理例句)短 语3：a device for doing sth:做某事的手段/装置；适用于描述用途的场景，语法上for后接动名词；例句：This is a device for measuring temperature.(来源：自定义合理例句) 典型考法 考法1：考察名词单复数形式：原题：The school needs to buy some new._(device)or the lab.(答案：devices) (来源：教材) immediately 词义与词性 ■(adv.)(adw.):立即；马上；即刻 He answered the phone immediately.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(conj.)(conj.): 一…就… Immediately he saw her.he fell in love with her.(来源：朗文当代英语词典) 词性转换 ■形容词：immediate;例句：He has an immediate need for help.(来源：柯林斯词典)名词：immediacy;例句：The immediacy of the news made it more exciting.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：instantly:副词，立即；例句：He replied instantly to my email..(来源：牛津高阶词典)近义词：promptly: 副词，迅速地；例句：The problem was solved promptly.(来源：柯林斯词典)近义词：straightaway:副词，立刻； 例句：He went straightaway to the hospital..(来源：朗文当代英语词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：immediately after:在…之后立即；适用于描述时间顺序的场景，语法上after后接时间点或事件；例句： Immediately after the rain,the sun came out..(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：not immediately:并非立刻；适用于表 达延迟的场景；例句：He didn't answer immediately..(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：作副词，考察其在句子中的位置：原题：He left. (immediate)after the meeting.(答案：immediately)考法2： 考察作连词，引导时间状语从句：原题： _he amrived home,he started to do his homework.(答案：Immediately) (来源：教材) regularly 词义与词性 ■(adv.)(adw.):有规律地，经常地 Ve should exercise regularly to keep healthy.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(adv.)(adw.):定期地 The magazine is published regularly every month.(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■形容词：regular;例句：He has regular working hours.(来源：牛津高阶词典)名词：regularity;例句：The regularity of his pulse showed that he was in good health.(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：frequently(adv.):频繁地；例句：He frequently goes to the library..(来源：牛津高阶词典)近义词：constantly (adw.):不断地；例句：She is constantly changing her hairstyle.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：regularly scheduled:定期安排的；适用于描述有固定时间安排的事情，语法上常作定语；例句：The regularly scheduled meeting will be held next Monday.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：work regularly:有规律地工作；适用 于描述工作状态，语法上作谓语；例句：You should work regularly to improve efficiency..(来源：柯林斯词典)短语 3:meet regularly:定期见面；适用于描述社交或工作中的见面安排，语法上作谓语；例句：Ne meet regularly to discuss our projects.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：作副词，修饰动词：原题：You should visit your parents」 (regular).（答案：regularly)考法2：考察与其他副词 的辨析；原题：（模拟题）He goes to the gym. (regularly/often).Here it emphasizes the fixed-time visit,so the answer is regularly. (来源：教材) disappear [词义与词性 ■()(v.):消失；不见 A∥my worries disappeared when I saw her.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■()(v.):不复存在；灭绝 Many species have disappeared from the earth.(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■名词：disappearance;:例句：The sudden disappearance of the child worried everyone..(来源：牛津高阶词典)动词 过去式：disappeared;例句：He disappeared into the night..(来源：柯林斯词典)动词过去分词：disappeared;例句： All my fears had disappeared by then.(来源：牛津高阶词典)动词现在分词：disappearing;例句：The old customs are disappearing.(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：vanish:动词，突然消失；例句：All my worries vanished when I saw her..(来源：牛津高阶词典)近义词： fade:动词，逐渐消失；例句：The memory will fade with time.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：disappear from:从…消失；适用于描述物体从某个地方消失的场景，语法上from后接地点；例 句：The plane disappeared from sight..(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：disappear into:消失在…中；适用于描 述物体进入某个范围后看不见的场景，语法上into后接范围：例句：He disappeared into the forest..(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：作动词，考察其过去式形式：原题：A∥my worries. (disappear)when I saw her.(答案：disappeared)考法2： 考察现在分词作定语：原题：The_ _(disappear)species need our protection..(答案：disappearing) (来源：教材) petrol 词义与词性 ■(n.)(n.):汽油；石油 We can use petrol as fuel for cars.(来源：朗文当代高级英语词典) 词性转换 ■形容词：petrolic:石油的；汽油的；例句：Petrolic engines are widely used in vehicles.(来源：韦氏词典) 同近义词 ■-同义词：gasoline:名词，汽油；例句：Gasoline prices have risen recently.(来源：柯林斯词典)-近义词：fuel:名 词，燃料；例句：Coal is still an important fuel in many countries..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：petrol station:加油站；适用于描述加油的地点场景，语法上为名词短语；例句：Ne stopped at a petrol station to fill up.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；短语2：petrol engine:汽油发动机；适用于描述发动机类型的场景，语法 上为名词短语；例句：This vehicle is equipped with a petrol engine..(来源：朗文当代高级英语词典)；短语3：low- lead petrol:低铅汽油；适用于描述汽油品质的场景，语法上为名词短语；例句：Many countries encourage the use oflow-lead petrol.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察名词的基本词义：原题：The car runs out of」 (petrol)).(答案：petrol) (来源：教材) bomb [词义与词性 ■(n)(n.):炸弹 The bomb exploded in a crowded street..(来源：柯林斯词典) ■()(v.):轰炸；对…投炸弹 The city was bombed by the enemy.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■-名词：bomber(轰炸机；投弹手)；例句：The bomber dropped its bombs on the target.(来源：柯林斯词典)-动词 过去式I过去分词：bombed(规则变化，直接加-ed);例句：The town was bombed during the war.(来源：牛津 高阶词典)-动词现在分词：bombing(直接加-ing);例句：They are bombing the enemy positions.(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■-同义词：explosive(n.):炸药；爆炸物；例句：The police found some explosives in the building.(来源：牛津高阶 词典)-近义词：blast(v.):爆炸；炸毁；例句：The explosion blasted the windows out.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：bomb out:使（某人）因轰炸而无家可归；适用于描述战争或轰炸导致人员流离失所的场景，语法上常 用于被动语态；例句：Many families were bombed out during the war..(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：go off like a bomb:非常成功；适用于描述事物取得很大成功的场景；例句：The party went off like a bomb.(来源：柯林斯词典) 短语3：drop a bomb:引起轰动；宣布令人震惊的消息；适用于描述突然宣布重大消息的场景；例句：He dropped a bomb when he said he was leaving.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语4：bomb sb/.'sth with sth:向某人/某物大量投放 (炸弹、信件等)：适用于描述大量给予或攻击的场景，语法上with后接投放的物品；例句：The protesters bombed the embassy with letters.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：作动词，考察其过去式和过去分词形式：原题：The city (bomb)several times during the war.(答案：was bombed)考法2：考察固定搭配bomb out:原题：Many people in the area were because of the bombing. 案：bombed out) (来源：教材) narrow 词义与词性 ■(adj)(adj):狭窄的；狭隘的；有限的 The narrow streets are full of old buildings..(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(.)(v.):(使)变窄；（使)缩小 The river narrows at this point.(来源：柯林斯词典) [词性转换 ■形容词比较级：narrower;:形容词最高级：narrowest:副词：narrowly;名词：narrowness;例句：He passed the exam narrowly.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：slender:形容词，细长的；例句：She has slender fingers.(来源：柯林斯词典)；近义词：thin:形容词， 瘦的；例句：He is a thin boy.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；近义词：restricted:形容词，受限制的：例句：Membership of the club is restricted to men only..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：narrow down:缩小范围；适用于筛选信息等场景，语法上后接筛选的对象；例句：Ne need to narrow down the list of candidates.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；短语2：narrow escape:死里逃生；适用于描述危险情况后侥幸脱险的 场景；例句：He had a narrow escape from the fire.(来源：柯林斯词典)；短语3：narrow margin::微弱差距；适用于描 述竞争、差距等场景；例句：He won the election by a narrow margin..(来源：牛津高阶词典)；短语4：narrow mind:狭 隘的思想；适用于描述人的思维方式；例句：A narrow mind will limit your development.(来源：自编权威例句示例说明) 典型考法 考法1：作形容词，考察其比较级形式；原题：This river is_(narrow)than that one.(答案：narrower)考法2：作动词， 考察其现在分词形式；原题：The gap between the rich and the poor is_ (narow)these years..(答案：narrowing) (来源：教材) aim 词义与词性 ■(n)(n.):目的；目标；意图 The main aim of the research is to find a cure for the disease.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(n.)(n.):瞄准；对准 He took aim at the target and fired..(来源：柯林斯词典) ■()(V.):瞄准；对准 The hunter aimed his gun at the deer.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■()(v.):旨在；目的是 The program aims to help people learn English.(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■名词：aim;形容词：aimless(无目的的)；例句：He walked around the city in an aimless way.(来源：牛津高阶词 典)；动词现在分词：aiming;例句：He is aiming at the target..(来源：柯林斯词典)；动词过去式和过去分词：aimed; 例句：She aimed the ball at the basket.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■-近义词：purpose(n.):目的；意图；例句：The purpose of this meeting is to discuss the plan.(来源：牛津高阶词 典)；-近义词：target(n.):目标；对象；例句：Our target is to increase sales by20%.(来源：柯林斯词典)；-近义 词：intend(v.):打算；想要；例句：I intend to visit my parents this weekend.(来源：牛津高阶词典) [固定搭配 ■短语1：aim at:瞄准；针对；旨在；适用于描述瞄准目标或表达目的的场景，语法上at后接目标或目的；例句：The new policy aims at reducing pollution.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；短语2：aim to do sth.:旨在做某事；适用于表达目标 的场景，语法上to后接动词原形；例句：Ne aim to finish the work by Friday.(来源：柯林斯词典)；短语3：take aim at::瞄准；适用于射击等瞄准场景，语法上at后接目标；例句：The soldier took aim at the enemy.(来源：牛津 高阶词典)；短语4：with the aim of::怀着…的目的；适用于说明做事的目的，语法上of后接名词或动名词；例 句：He started the project with the aim of making money.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：作动词，考察其现在分词形式；原题：Heis_(aim)at the target.(答案：aiming)考法2：考察固定搭配aim at:原题：The new law.__(aim)at protecting the environment..(答案：aims) (来源：教材) boil 词义与词性 ■()(v.):煮沸；烧开；使沸腾 Boil some water for tea.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■()(v.):(液体)沸腾，开 The water's boiling.(来源：柯林斯词典) ■()(v.):(人)发怒，发火 She was boiling with rage.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■形容词：boiling;名词：boiler;动词现在分词：boiling;动词过去式和过去分词：boiled;例句：The kettle is boiling. (来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：seethe:动词，沸腾；近义词：simmer:动词，用文火煮；近义词：bubble:动词，冒泡 固定搭配 ■短语1：boil down to:归结为；适用于总结事情本质的场景，语法上to后接归结的内容；例句：The whole thing boils down to a misunderstanding.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：boil over::沸溢；情绪爆发；适用于液体溢出或人情绪 失控的场景；例句：The milk boiled over..(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语3：bring to the boil:.使达到沸点；适用于煮 东西的场景；例句：Bring the water to the boil..(来源：柯林斯词典)短语4：boil away:煮干；适用于煮液体直至蒸 发完的场景；例句：Let the water boil away.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：作动词，考察其过去式形式：原题：She (boi训the eggs this morning.(答案boiled)考法2：考察固定搭配 boil down to:原题：The problem _(boil训down to a lack of money.(答案：boils) (来源：教材) decrease [词义与词性 ■()(v.):减少；减小；降低 The population of the town has decreased in recent years.(来源：牛津高阶词典)