41中国寓言故事英语阅读语篇精选 ⾃相⽭盾-2025-2026学年人教版（2024）八年级英语上册

中国寓言故事英语阅读语篇精选——用英语说中国故事 Contradicting Oneself （自相矛盾） In ancient times, a man from the State of Chu sold the spears and shields he had made himself at a noisy market. The market was crowded with people coming and going, and the cries of peddlers rose one after another—it was very lively. The man from Chu took his spears and shields to the busiest part of the market and started shouting to attract customers. “Passers-by, don’t miss this chance! Come and see my spear and shield! I made them all by myself!” He shouted hard, and his voice was very loud, so many people were drawn over. Seeing more and more onlookers, the man shouted even louder. He held up a spear in his left hand and said in a deep voice: “Look at my spear! It’s made of pure iron, extremely sharp. No matter how strong a shield is, it can’t resist the sharpness of this spear!” Then he held up a shield in his right hand and shouted loudly: “Now look at my shield! It’s hard and solid. No matter how sharp a spear is, it can’t pierce through this shield!” His voice rose and fell—sometimes high, sometimes low, sometimes asking a question, sometimes answering it. Everyone was so convinced by his words that some people even took out money, ready to buy. Among the crowd, there was a child about ten years old. He had been listening carefully to the man’s shouts. He thought repeatedly about the spear in the left hand and the shield in the right hand—piercing the shield with the spear, blocking the spear with the shield. Suddenly, he seemed to realize something. He asked the man selling spears and shields in confusion: “You said your spear is the sharpest and your shield is the strongest. Then what would happen if you pierce your shield with your spear?” The man from Chu was stunned at once. He opened his mouth but couldn’t say a word. The crowd finally reacted—they realized the man had exaggerated just now. They laughed and scattered. Moral Proper promotion is necessary, but talking big without regard for reality and exaggerating the advantages of something will often lead to the joke of “contradicting oneself.” Just like the man from Chu in the story, he gained nothing but lost everything. 自相矛盾（中文翻译） 古时候，有个楚国人在热闹的集市上卖自己做的矛和盾。集市里人来人往，小贩的吆喝声此起彼伏，十分热闹。 这个楚国人把矛和盾搬到集市最热闹的地方，开始大声吆喝吸引顾客。“路过的乡亲们，千万别错过！快来看看我的矛和盾！都是我亲手做的！” 他卖力地喊着，声音很大，吸引了不少人围过来。 看到围观的人越来越多，楚国人喊得更起劲了。他左手举起一支矛，沉声说道：“大家看这支矛！纯铁打造，锋利无比，不管多坚固的盾，都挡不住它的锋利！” 接着，他右手举起一面盾，又大声喊道：“再看这面盾！坚硬结实，不管多锋利的矛，都穿不透它！” 他的声音忽高忽低，时而提问，时而自答。大家都被他的话打动了，有些人甚至掏出钱，准备购买。 人群中，有个大约十岁的小孩。他一直仔细听着楚国人的吆喝，反复琢磨着他左手的矛和右手的盾 —— 用矛刺盾，用盾挡矛。突然，他好像明白了什么，疑惑地问这个卖矛和盾的人：“您说您的矛最锋利，盾最坚固，那要是用您的矛去刺您的盾，会怎么样呢？” 楚国人一下子愣住了，张着嘴说不出一句话。围观的人终于反应过来，意识到刚才这人是在夸大其词，于是笑着散开了。 寓意 适当的宣传必不可少，但不顾实际说大话，过分夸大事物的优点，往往会闹出 “自相矛盾” 的笑话。就像故事里的楚国人一样，最终一无所获，反而失去了所有。 逐句翻译 + 解析 1. Contradicting Oneself（自相矛盾） 1. 逐句翻译：自己与自己矛盾（即 “自相矛盾”，比喻言行前后不一致，逻辑冲突） 1. 陌生单词： 1. contradicting /ˌkɒntrəˈdɪktɪŋ/v. 与…… 矛盾；反驳（“contradict” 的现在分词，例：contradict his words 反驳他的话；contradicting oneself 自相矛盾） 1. oneself /wʌnˈself/pron. 自己；自身（例：by oneself 独自；contradicting oneself 自相矛盾） 1. 高频语块：Contradicting Oneself 自相矛盾（寓言标题，表 “言行逻辑冲突”，例：His words and actions are like contradicting oneself—no one believes him. 他的言行就像自相矛盾，没人相信他。） 1. 造句：The story “Contradicting Oneself” teaches us to speak and act consistently.（《自相矛盾》的故事教我们说话做事要前后一致。） 2. In ancient times, a man from the State of Chu sold the spears and shields he had made himself at a noisy market. 1. 逐句翻译：古时候，有个楚国人在热闹的集市上卖自己做的矛和盾。 1. 陌生单词： 5. the State of Chu 楚国（古代诸侯国名，例：a story from the State of Chu 楚国的故事；a man from the State of Chu 楚国人） 5. spears /spɪəz/n. 矛；长矛（例：a sharp spear 锋利的矛；sell the spears 卖矛） 5. shields /ʃiːldz/n. 盾；盾牌（例：a strong shield 坚固的盾；the spears and shields 矛和盾） 5. he had made himself 他亲手做的（定语从句，修饰 “spears and shields”，“made oneself” 表 “亲手制作”，例：a cake I made myself 我亲手做的蛋糕；the things he had made himself 他亲手做的东西） 5. noisy /ˈnɔɪzi/adj. 热闹的；吵闹的（例：a noisy street 热闹的街道；a noisy market 热闹的集市） 1. 高频语块：sold sth he had made himself 卖自己做的某物（例：She sold the handicrafts she had made herself at the fair. 她在集市上卖自己做的手工艺品。） 1. 造句：In ancient times, a woman from the State of Wei sold the cloth she had woven herself at a busy market.（古时候，有个魏国人在繁忙的集市上卖自己织的布。） 3. The market was crowded with people coming and going, and the cries of peddlers rose one after another—it was very lively. 1. 逐句翻译：集市里人来人往，小贩的吆喝声此起彼伏，十分热闹。 1. 陌生单词： 9. was crowded with 挤满了；充满了（固定短语，例：was crowded with students 挤满了学生；was crowded with people 挤满了人） 9. people coming and going 来来往往的人；人来人往（现在分词短语作定语，例：cars coming and going 来来往往的车；people coming and going 人来人往） 9. cries of peddlers 小贩的吆喝声；商贩的叫卖声（“cry” 此处表 “吆喝、叫卖”，“peddler” 表 “小贩”，例：the cries of vendors 商贩的吆喝声；the cries of peddlers 小贩的吆喝声） 9. peddlers /ˈpedləz/n. 小贩；商贩（例：street peddlers 街头小贩；the cries of peddlers 小贩的吆喝声） 9. rose one after another 此起彼伏；接连响起（“rise” 表 “响起、升起”，“one after another” 表 “一个接一个”，例：questions rose one after another 问题此起彼伏；cries rose one after another 吆喝声此起彼伏） 9. lively /ˈlaɪvli/adj. 热闹的；活跃的（例：a lively party 热闹的派对；it was very lively 十分热闹） 1. 高频语块：was crowded with 挤满了（例：The park was crowded with visitors during the holiday. 假期里，公园里挤满了游客。） 1. 造句：The classroom was crowded with children talking and laughing, and the sounds of songs rose one after another—it was very lively.（教室里挤满了说说笑笑的孩子，歌声此起彼伏，十分热闹。） 4. The man from Chu took his spears and shields to the busiest part of the market and started shouting to attract customers. 1. 逐句翻译：这个楚国人把矛和盾搬到集市最热闹的地方，开始大声吆喝吸引顾客。 1. 陌生单词： 13. took...to... 把…… 搬到……；把…… 带到……（例：took the books to the desk 把书搬到桌子上；took his spears and shields to 把他的矛和盾搬到） 13. the busiest part 最热闹的地方；最繁忙的区域（“busy” 的最高级 “busiest”，例：the busiest street 最繁忙的街道；the busiest part of the market 集市最热闹的地方） 13. started shouting 开始吆喝；开始大喊（“start doing sth” 表 “开始做某事”，例：started singing 开始唱歌；started shouting 开始吆喝） 13. attract customers 吸引顾客；招揽客人（“attract” 表 “吸引”，“customer” 表 “顾客”，例：attract more customers 吸引更多顾客；attract customers 吸引顾客） 1. 高频语块：started doing sth 开始做某事（例：She started reading the book as soon as she got home. 她一回家就开始看书。） 1. 造句：The street performer took his instruments to the busiest part of the square and started playing to attract audiences.（街头艺人把乐器搬到广场最热闹的地方，开始演奏吸引观众。） 5. “Passers-by, don’t miss this chance! Come and see my spear and shield! I made them all by myself!” He shouted hard, and his voice was very loud, so many people were drawn over. 1. 逐句翻译：“路过的乡亲们，千万别错过！快来看看我的矛和盾！都是我亲手做的！” 他卖力地喊着，声音很大，吸引了不少人围过来。 1. 陌生单词： 17. passers-by /ˌpɑːsəz ˈbaɪ/n. 过路人；路人（例：help passers-by 帮助路人；passers-by don’t miss 路过的人别错过） 17. don’t miss this chance 别错过这个机会；千万别错过（例：don’t miss the party 别错过派对；don’t miss this chance 别错过这个机会） 17. made them all by myself 全是我亲手做的；都是我自己做的（“by oneself” 表 “独自、亲手”，例：cooked it by myself 我亲手做的；made them all by myself 全是我亲手做的） 17. shouted hard 卖力地喊；使劲地喊（“hard” 表 “努力地、卖力地”，例：worked hard 努力工作；shouted hard 卖力地喊） 17. were drawn over 被吸引过来；被吸引过去（“draw” 表 “吸引”，被动语态，例：was drawn to the music 被音乐吸引；were drawn over 被吸引过来） 1. 高频语块：made sth by myself 亲手做某物（例：I made this card by myself for my mom’s birthday. 这张贺卡是我亲手做给妈妈的生日礼物。） 1. 造句：“Friends, don’t miss this show! Come and watch my magic! I practiced it all by myself!” He performed hard, and his skills were great, so many people were drawn over.（“朋友们，别错过这场表演！快来看看我的魔术！都是我自己练的！” 他卖力地表演，技艺很棒，吸引了不少人围过来。） 6. Seeing more and more onlookers, the man shouted even louder. 1. 逐句翻译：看到围观的人越来越多，楚国人喊得更起劲了。 1. 陌生单词： 21. seeing more and more onlookers 看到越来越多的围观者；看到围观的人越来越多（现在分词短语作状语，“onlooker” 表 “围观者”，例：seeing more and more people 看到越来越多人；seeing more and more onlookers 看到越来越多围观者） 21. onlookers /ˈɒnlʊkəz/n. 围观者；旁观者（例：a crowd of onlookers 一群围观者；more and more onlookers 越来越多围观者） 21. shouted even louder 喊得更响；喊得更起劲（“even + 比较级” 表 “更……”，例：ran even faster 跑得更快；shouted even louder 喊得更响） 1. 高频语块：more and more + 名词 越来越多的……（例：More and more students like to read in the library. 越来越多的学生喜欢在图书馆看书。） 1. 造句：Seeing more and more listeners, the singer sang even more beautifully.（看到越来越多的听众，歌手唱得更动听了。） 7. He held up a spear in his left hand and said in a deep voice: “Look at my spear! It’s made of pure iron, extremely sharp. No matter how strong a shield is, it can’t resist the sharpness of this spear!” 1. 逐句翻译：他左手举起一支矛，沉声说道：“大家看这支矛！纯铁打造，锋利无比，不管多坚固的盾，都挡不住它的锋利！” 1. 陌生单词： 25. held up 举起；举起（例：held up a book 举起一本书；held up a spear 举起一支矛） 25. in a deep voice 用低沉的声音；沉声（“deep” 表 “低沉的”，例：spoke in a soft voice 轻声说；said in a deep voice 沉声说） 25. made of pure iron 由纯铁制成；纯铁打造（“be made of” 表 “由…… 制成”，能看出原材料，例：made of wood 木制的；made of pure iron 纯铁制成的） 25. pure iron 纯铁（“pure” 表 “纯的、纯净的”，例：pure water 纯净水；pure iron 纯铁） 25. extremely sharp 极其锋利；锋利无比（“extremely” 表 “极其、非常”，例：extremely beautiful 非常漂亮；extremely sharp 极其锋利） 25. no matter how 不管多么；无论多么（引导让步状语从句，例：no matter how hard 不管多努力；no matter how strong 不管多坚固） 25. resist /rɪˈzɪst/v. 抵抗；抵挡（例：resist the cold 抵抗寒冷；resist the sharpness 抵挡锋利） 25. sharpness /ˈʃɑːpnəs/n. 锋利；锐利（“sharp” 的名词形式，例：the sharpness of a knife 刀的锋利；the sharpness of this spear 这支矛的锋利） 1. 高频语块：no matter how + 形容词 不管多么……（例：No matter how difficult the problem is, we should try to solve it. 不管问题多困难，我们都要努力解决。） 1. 造句：He held up a knife in his hand and said in a clear voice: “Look at this knife! It’s made of steel, extremely sharp. No matter how hard a vegetable is, it can’t resist the sharpness of this knife!”（他手里举起一把刀，清晰地说：“大家看这把刀！钢材打造，锋利无比，不管多硬的蔬菜，都挡不住它的锋利！”） 8. Then he held up a shield in his right hand and shouted loudly: “Now look at my shield! It’s hard and solid. No matter how sharp a spear is, it can’t pierce through this shield!” 1. 逐句翻译：接着，他右手举起一面盾，又大声喊道：“再看这面盾！坚硬结实，不管多锋利的矛，都穿不透它！” 1. 陌生单词： 29. then /ðen/adv. 接着；然后（例：then he left 然后他离开了；then he held up a shield 接着他举起一面盾） 29. hard and solid 坚硬又结实；坚硬结实（“hard” 表 “坚硬的”，“solid” 表 “结实的”，例：a hard and solid table 坚硬结实的桌子；it’s hard and solid 它坚硬结实） 29. pierce through 刺穿；穿透（“pierce” 表 “刺穿、刺破”，例：pierce through paper 刺穿纸；pierce through this shield 穿透这面盾） 1. 高频语块：pierce through sth 刺穿某物（例：The needle is so sharp that it can pierce through the thick cloth. 这根针很锋利，能刺穿厚布。） 1. 造句：Then she held up a glass in her hand and said proudly: “Now look at this glass! It’s strong and durable. No matter how heavy a small stone is, it can’t break through this glass!”（接着，她手里举起一个杯子，自豪地说：“再看这个杯子！坚固耐用，不管多沉的小石子，都砸不破它！”） 9. His voice rose and fell—sometimes high, sometimes low, sometimes asking a question, sometimes answering it. 1. 逐句翻译：他的声音忽高忽低，时而提问，时而自答。 1. 陌生单词： 33. rose and fell 起伏；忽高忽低（例：the price rose and fell 价格起伏；his voice rose and fell 他的声音起伏） 33. sometimes...sometimes... 时而…… 时而……（表 “交替发生”，例：sometimes happy, sometimes sad 时而开心，时而难过；sometimes high, sometimes low 时而高，时而低） 33. asking a question 提问；提出问题（例：kept asking questions 不停提问；sometimes asking a question 时而提问） 33. answering it 回答它；回答问题（“it” 指代 “a question”，例：answering his question 回答他的问题；sometimes answering it 时而回答它） 1. 高频语块：sometimes...sometimes... 时而…… 时而……（例：The weather in spring is changeable—sometimes sunny, sometimes rainy. 春天的天气多变，时而晴天，时而下雨。） 1. 造句：The little boy’s mood rose and fell—sometimes excited, sometimes upset, sometimes talking happily, sometimes keeping silent.（小男孩的情绪忽好忽坏，时而兴奋，时而难过，时而开心地说话，时而沉默不语。） 10. Everyone was so convinced by his words that some people even took out money, ready to buy. 1. 逐句翻译：大家都被他的话打动了，有些人甚至掏出钱，准备购买。 1. 陌生单词： 37. was convinced by 被…… 说服；被…… 打动（“convince” 表 “说服、使相信”，被动语态，例：was convinced by his story 被他的故事打动；was convinced by his words 被他的话打动） 37. took out money 掏出钱；拿出钱（“take out” 表 “拿出、掏出”，例：took out a pen 掏出一支笔；took out money 掏出钱） 37. ready to buy 准备购买；准备买（“ready to do sth” 表 “准备做某事”，此处 “buy” 后省略 “the spears or shields”，例：ready to leave 准备离开；ready to buy 准备购买） 1. 高频语块：so...that... 如此…… 以至于……（结果状语从句，例：He was so kind that everyone liked him. 他如此善良，以至于所有人都喜欢他；Everyone was so convinced that some took out money. 大家如此信服，以至于有些人掏出了钱。） 1. 造句：Everyone was so attracted by the singer’s voice that some people even took out their phones, ready to record.（大家都被歌手的声音吸引了，有些人甚至掏出手机，准备录制。） 11. Among the crowd, there was a child about ten years old. 1. 逐句翻译：人群中，有个大约十岁的小孩。 1. 陌生单词： 41. among the crowd 在人群中；在人群里（“among” 表 “在…… 之中”，用于三者及以上，例：among the students 在学生中；among the crowd 在人群中） 41. about ten years old 大约十岁；十岁左右（“about” 表 “大约、大概”，例：about five meters 大约五米；about ten years old 大约十岁） 1. 高频语块：among the crowd 在人群中（例：A little dog was lost among the crowd. 一只小狗在人群中迷路了。） 1. 造句：Among the audience, there was an old man about seventy years old.（观众中，有个大约七十岁的老人。） 12. He had been listening carefully to the man’s shouts. He thought repeatedly about the spear in the left hand and the shield in the right hand—piercing the shield with the spear, blocking the spear with the shield. 1. 逐句翻译：他一直仔细听着楚国人的吆喝，反复琢磨着他左手的矛和右手的盾 —— 用矛刺盾，用盾挡矛。 1. 陌生单词： 45. had been listening 一直听着；持续听着（过去完成进行时，表 “过去某段时间内持续进行的动作”，例：had been waiting 一直等着；had been listening carefully 一直仔细听着） 45. carefully /ˈkeəfəli/adv. 仔细地；认真地（“careful” 的副词形式，例：read carefully 仔细读；listened carefully 仔细听） 45. thought repeatedly 反复思考；反复琢磨（“repeatedly” 表 “反复地、多次地”，例：tried repeatedly 反复尝试；thought repeatedly 反复琢磨） 45. piercing the shield with the spear 用矛刺盾（“pierce...with...” 表 “用…… 刺穿……”，例：pierce the paper with a needle 用针穿纸；piercing the shield with the spear 用矛刺盾） 45. blocking the spear with the shield 用盾挡矛（“block...with...” 表 “用…… 阻挡……”，例：block the wind with a coat 用外套挡风；blocking the spear with the shield 用盾挡矛） 1. 高频语块：had been doing sth 一直做某事（例：She had been practicing the piano for two hours when her mom came back. 妈妈回来时，她已经练了两个小时钢琴了。） 1. 造句：She had been watching the math problem carefully. She thought repeatedly about the formula in the book and the example on the paper—solving the problem with the formula, checking the answer with the example.（她一直仔细看着这道数学题，反复琢磨着书上的公式和纸上的例题 —— 用公式解题，用例题验算。） 13. Suddenly, he seemed to realize something. He asked the man selling spears and shields in confusion: “You said your spear is the sharpest and your shield is the strongest. Then what would happen if you pierce your shield with your spear?” 1. 逐句翻译：突然，他好像明白了什么，疑惑地问这个卖矛和盾的人：“您说您的矛最锋利，盾最坚固，那要是用您的矛去刺您的盾，会怎么样呢？” 1. 陌生单词： 49. seemed to realize 似乎意识到；好像明白（“seem to do sth” 表 “似乎做某事”，前文 “曾子杀猪” 已出现，例：seemed to understand 似乎明白；seemed to realize something 似乎意识到什么） 49. the man selling spears and shields 卖矛和盾的人（现在分词短语作定语，例：the girl selling flowers 卖花的女孩；the man selling spears and shields 卖矛和盾的人） 49. in confusion 疑惑地；困惑地（前文 “郑人买履” 已出现，例：asked in confusion 疑惑地问；looked in confusion 疑惑地看） 49. the sharpest /ˈʃɑːpɪst/adj. 最锋利的（“sharp” 的最高级，例：the sharpest knife 最锋利的刀；the sharpest spear 最锋利的矛） 49. the strongest /strɒŋɡɪst/adj. 最坚固的（“strong” 的最高级，例：the strongest wall 最坚固的墙；the strongest shield 最坚固的盾） 49. what would happen if... 如果…… 会发生什么（“if” 引导条件状语从句，表 “假设”，例：what would happen if it rains 如果下雨会发生什么；what would happen if you pierce 要是你刺会怎么样） 1. 高频语块：what would happen if... 如果…… 会发生什么（例：What would happen if we miss the train? 如果我们错过火车会发生什么？） 1. 造句：Suddenly, he seemed to find a mistake. He asked the teacher explaining the experiment in confusion: “You said this liquid boils at 100℃ and this container can hold things over 100℃. Then what would happen if we pour the boiling liquid into the container?”（突然，他好像发现了一个错误，疑惑地问正在讲解实验的老师：“您说这种液体在 100℃沸腾，这个容器能装 100℃以上的东西，那要是把沸腾的液体倒进容器里会怎么样呢？”） 14. The man from Chu was stunned at once. He opened his mouth but couldn’t say a word. 1. 逐句翻译：楚国人一下子愣住了，张着嘴说不出一句话。 1. 陌生单词： 53. was stunned /stʌnd/adj. 愣住的；震惊的（例：was stunned by the news 被消息震惊；was stunned at once 一下子愣住了） 53. at once 立刻；马上（前文多次出现，复习，例：acted at once 立刻行动；was stunned at once 一下子愣住了） 53. opened his mouth 张开嘴；张着嘴（例：opened his mouth to speak 张嘴说话；opened his mouth but couldn’t say 张着嘴却不能说） 53. couldn’t say a word 说不出一句话；一句话也说不出来（例：was too scared to say a word 吓得说不出话；couldn’t say a word 说不出一句话） 1. 高频语块：couldn’t say a word 说不出一句话（例：When he saw the surprise gift, he was so excited that he couldn’t say a word. 看到惊喜礼物时，他太兴奋了，说不出一句话。） 1. 造句：The student was stunned at once when he heard his exam score. He looked at the paper but couldn’t say a word.（听到自己的考试分数，这个学生一下子愣住了，看着试卷说不出一句话。） 15. The crowd finally reacted—they realized the man had exaggerated just now. They laughed and scattered. 1. 逐句翻译：围观的人终于反应过来，意识到刚才这人是在夸大其词，于是笑着散开了。 1. 陌生单词： 57. finally reacted 终于反应过来；最终回过神（“react” 表 “反应、回应”，例：react quickly 反应快；finally reacted 终于反应过来） 57. realized the man had exaggerated 意识到这人夸大了；意识到这人在夸大其词（过去完成时，“exaggerate” 表 “夸大、夸张”，例：exaggerate the facts 夸大事实；had exaggerated just now 刚才在夸大其词） 57. exaggerated /ɪɡˈzædʒəreɪtɪd/v. 夸大；夸张（例：He always exaggerates his achievements. 他总夸大自己的成就。） 57. just now 刚才；刚刚（例：I saw him just now 我刚才看到他了；had exaggerated just now 刚才在夸大其词） 57. scattered /ˈskætəd/v. 散开；分散（例：the birds scattered 鸟儿散开了；they laughed and scattered 他们笑着散开了） 1. 高频语块：realized (that) sb had done sth 意识到某人做了某事（例：She realized that she had forgotten her keys at home. 她意识到自己把钥匙忘在家里了。） 1. 造句：The audience finally reacted—they realized the actor had made a mistake just now. They smiled and talked softly.（观众终于反应过来，意识到演员刚才犯了个小错，于是微笑着小声议论起来。） Moral（寓意部分） 16. Proper promotion is necessary, but talking big without regard for reality and exaggerating the advantages of something will often lead to the joke of “contradicting oneself.” 1. 逐句翻译：适当的宣传必不可少，但不顾实际说大话，过分夸大事物的优点，往往会闹出 “自相矛盾” 的笑话。 1. 陌生单词： 61. proper promotion 适当的宣传；合理的推广（“proper” 表 “适当的、合理的”，“promotion” 表 “宣传、推广”，例：proper advertising 适当的广告；proper promotion 适当的宣传） 61. necessary /ˈnesəsəri/adj. 必要的；必不可少的（例：water is necessary 水是必要的；proper promotion is necessary 适当的宣传必不可少） 61. talking big 说大话；吹牛（固定短语，例：stop talking big 别吹牛；talking big without regard for reality 不顾实际说大话） 61. without regard for 不顾；不考虑（固定短语，例：without regard for rules 不顾规则；without regard for reality 不顾实际） 61. reality /riˈæləti/n. 现实；实际（前文 “与狐谋皮” 已出现，例：face reality 面对现实；without regard for reality 不顾实际） 61. lead to 导致；引发（固定短语，例：lead to success 导致成功；lead to the joke 闹出笑话） 61. the joke of “contradicting oneself” “自相矛盾” 的笑话（“joke” 表 “笑话、笑柄”，例：the joke of making mistakes 犯错的笑话；the joke of “contradicting oneself” “自相矛盾” 的笑话） 1. 高频语块：lead to sth 导致某事（例：Laziness will lead to failure. 懒惰会导致失败。） 1. 造句：Proper practice is necessary, but practicing blindly without regard for methods and exaggerating the time spent will often lead to the problem of “wasting energy.”（适当的练习必不可少，但不顾方法盲目练习，过分夸大花费的时间，往往会导致 “浪费精力” 的问题。） 17. Just like the man from Chu in the story, he gained nothing but lost everything. 1. 逐句翻译：就像故事里的楚国人一样，最终一无所获，反而失去了所有。 1. 陌生单词： 65. just like 就像；正如（固定短语，例：just like you 就像你一样；just like the man from Chu 就像楚国人一样） 65. gained nothing but lost everything 一无所获，反而失去所有（“nothing but” 表 “只不过、仅仅”，此处表 “没有得到任何东西，反而失去所有”，例：gained nothing but trouble 只惹了麻烦，一无所获；gained nothing but lost everything 一无所获，失去所有） 65. gained /ɡeɪnd/v. 获得；得到（例：gained success 获得成功；gained nothing 一无所获） 1. 高频语块：gained nothing but... 一无所获，反而……（例：He worked hard but gained nothing but tiredness. 他努力工作，却只得到疲惫，一无所获。） 1. 造句：Just like the student who copied homework in the class, he gained nothing but punishment.（就像班里抄作业的那个学生一样，他最终一无所获，反而受到了惩罚。） 核心知识点汇总 1. 重点动词短语 动词短语 含义 例句 was crowded with 挤满了 The bus was crowded with passengers. start doing sth 开始做某事 He started doing his homework after dinner. make sth by oneself 亲手做某物 My sister made this cake by herself. hold up 举起 She held up her hand to ask a question. no matter how + adj 不管多么…… No matter how late it is, she always finishes her work. pierce through sth 刺穿某物 The arrow pierced through the target. be convinced by 被…… 说服 They were convinced by his honest words. lead to sth 导致某事 Smoking can lead to health problems. 2. 高频语法与结构 1. 过去完成进行时（had been doing）：表 “过去某段时间内持续进行的动作”，例：He had been shouting for ten minutes when the child asked the question. 孩子提问时，他已经吆喝了十分钟了；She had been listening carefully before she spoke. 她说话前一直仔细听着。 1. “no matter how” 让步状语从句：表 “不管多么……”，后接形容词或副词，例：No matter how fast he ran, he couldn’t catch the bus. 不管他跑多快，都赶不上公交车；No matter how strong the shield is, the spear can pierce it. 不管盾多坚固，矛都能刺穿它。 1. “so...that...” 结果状语从句：表 “如此…… 以至于……”，“so” 后接形容词 / 副词，例：The box was so heavy that I couldn’t carry it. 箱子太重，我搬不动；Everyone was so convinced that they took out money. 大家如此信服，以至于掏出了钱。 1. 现在分词短语作定语 / 状语： 67. 作定语：the man selling spears and shields（卖矛和盾的人）、people coming and going（来来往往的人）； 67. 作状语：seeing more and more onlookers（看到越来越多围观者）、had been listening carefully（一直仔细听着）。 场景复述练习（巩固语块） 用8-10个高频语块串联故事核心，强化记忆与运用： A man from the State of Chu sold spears and shields he made by himself at a noisy market[1]. He held up a spear and shouted: “No matter how strong a shield is, my spear can pierce through it!”[2] Then he held up a shield and said: “No matter how sharp a spear is, it can’t break my shield!”[3] Everyone was so convinced by his words that some took out money[4]. But a ten-year-old child asked: “What if you pierce your shield with your spear?”[5] The man was stunned and couldn’t say a word[6]. The crowd realized he had exaggerated, so they laughed and scattered[7]. This story tells us: Don’t talk big without regard for reality—it may lead to contradicting oneself[8]. We should always be consistent in what we say and do. 中文翻译 楚国有个人在热闹的集市上卖自己做的矛和盾 [1]。他举起一支矛喊道：“不管多坚固的盾，我的矛都能刺穿它！”[2] 接着他又举起一面盾说：“不管多锋利的矛，都穿不破我的盾！”[3] 大家都被他的话打动了，有些人甚至掏出了钱 [4]。可一个十岁的小孩问道：“要是用你的矛去刺你的盾，会怎么样呢？”[5] 这个人一下子愣住了，说不出一句话 [6]。围观的人意识到他在夸大其词，于是笑着散开了 [7]。 这个故事告诉我们：不要不顾实际说大话 —— 这可能会导致自相矛盾 [8]。我们说话做事都要始终保持一致。 高频语块清单（附用法） 1. [1] made by himself（动词短语）：他亲手做的（例：The model plane made by himself won first prize.） 1. [2] No matter how strong a shield is（让步状语从句）：不管多坚固的盾（例：No matter how difficult the task is, we should try our best.） 1. [3] pierce through it（动词短语）：刺穿它（例：The sharp needle can pierce through the thick cloth.） 1. [4] was so convinced by his words（动词短语）：被他的话打动（例：She was so convinced by the story that she cried.） 1. [5] What if you...（固定句式）：要是你…… 会怎么样（例：What if you forget to bring your ID card?） 1. [6] couldn’t say a word（动词短语）：说不出一句话（例：He was too nervous and couldn’t say a word.） 1. [7] realized he had exaggerated（动词短语）：意识到他在夸大其词（例：We realized he had exaggerated his experience.） 1. [8] lead to contradicting oneself（动词短语）：导致自相矛盾（例：Lying often leads to contradicting oneself.） 《Contradicting Oneself》练习题 I. 阅读理解单选题 (10小题)阅读文章，根据文章内容选择最佳答案。 1. What did the man from Chu sell at the market? A. Food and clothes. B. Spears and shields. C. Pots and pans. D. Books and pens. 2. Where did the man set up his stall? A. At the entrance of the market. B. In the quietest part of the market. C. In the busiest part of the market. D. Outside the market. 3. What did the man claim about his spear? A. It was very beautiful. B. It was extremely sharp and could pierce any shield. C. It was very cheap. D. It was made of gold. 4. What did the man claim about his shield? A. It was very light. B. It was hard and solid, and no spear could pierce it. C. It was decorated with jewels. D. It was very old. 5. How did the crowd initially react to the man's shouts? A. They laughed at him. B. They were convinced and ready to buy. C. They got angry. D. They ignored him. 6. Who asked the key question that stumped the man? A. A soldier. B. An old woman. C. A child about ten years old. D. Another seller. 7. What was the child's question? A. How much did the spear and shield cost? B. What would happen if he used his spear to pierce his shield? C. Where did he learn to make spears and shields? D. Why was he shouting so loudly? 8. How did the man from Chu react to the child's question? A. He answered confidently. B. He was stunned and couldn't say a word. C. He got angry and chased the child away. D. He offered a discount. 9. How did the crowd react after hearing the child's question? A. They laughed and scattered. B. They bought all his spears and shields. C. They felt sorry for him. D. They asked more questions. 10. What is the main moral of the story? A. It's good to be confident in your products. B. Exaggerating the advantages of something without regard for reality can lead to self-contradiction. C. Children are very clever. D. Markets are noisy places. II. 完形填空题 (10小题) 阅读下面短文，从所给的A, B, C, D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 A man from Chu sold spears and (1)______ at the market. He shouted to (2)______ customers. He said his spear was so (3)______ that it could pierce any shield. Then he said his shield was so (4)______ that no spear could pierce it. People were convinced and ready to (5)______. But a child asked a question: "What would happen if you use your (6)______ to pierce your (7)______?" The man was (8)______ and couldn't answer. The crowd (9)______ and scattered. The story tells us not to (10)______ about things. 1. A. food B. shields C. books D. shoes 2. A. attract B. help C. find D. thank 3. A. long B. sharp C. heavy D. old 4. A. soft B. light C. strong D. small 5. A. leave B. buy C. play D. eat 6. A. knife B. spear C. sword D. arrow 7. A. armor B. shield C. helmet D. wall 8. A. happy B. angry C. stunned D. excited 9. A. cried B. sang C. laughed D. shouted 10. A. talk B. think C. exaggerate D. worry III. 短语填空 (10小题) 从下方方框中选择合适的短语，并用其正确形式填空。 come and go, rise one after another, attract customers, hold up, resist the sharpness, pierce through, be convinced by, take out, realize something, gain nothing but lose everything 1. The market was crowded with people _______________. 2. The cries of peddlers _______________. 3. The man started shouting to _______________. 4. He _______________ a spear in his left hand. 5. He said no shield could _______________ of his spear. 6. He said no spear could _______________ his shield. 7. Everyone was _______________ his words. 8. Some people even _______________ money, ready to buy. 9. The child seemed to _______________. 10. The man from Chu _______________. IV. 句子翻译 (10小题)将下列中文句子翻译成英文。 1. 一个楚国人卖他自己做的矛和盾。 2. 市场很热闹，人来人往。 3. 他大声叫卖以吸引顾客。 4. "看看我的矛！它是纯铁做的，极其锋利。" 5. "不管多坚固的盾，都抵挡不住这支矛的锋利！" 6. "现在看看我的盾！它坚硬结实。" 7. "不管多锋利的矛，都刺不穿这面盾！" 8. 一个大约十岁的孩子在人群中。 9. 他困惑地问卖矛和盾的人。 10. "如果用你的矛刺你的盾，会怎么样？" V. 句型转换 (10小题)根据要求改写句子，保持句意基本不变。 1. The man sold spears and shields. (改为一般疑问句) ______ the man ______ spears and shields? 2. The market was crowded with people. (改为感叹句) ______ ______ the market was with people! 3. He held up a spear in his left hand. (对划线部分提问) ______ ______ he hold up in his left hand? 4. "My spear is extremely sharp," he said. (改为间接引语) He said that ______ spear ______ extremely sharp. 5. No shield can resist the sharpness of this spear. (改为同义句) This spear is ______ ______ that no shield can resist it. 6. The child asked the man a question. (改为被动语态) The man ______ ______ a question by the child. 7. The man was stunned. (改为一般疑问句) ______ the man ______? 8. The crowd laughed and scattered. (对划线部分提问) ______ ______ the crowd do? 9. He gained nothing but lost everything. (改为同义句) He ______ gain ______ but lost everything. 10. This story tells us an important lesson. (改为感叹句) ______ ______ important lesson this story tells us! 练习题答案 I. 阅读理解单选题 1. B 2. C 3. B 4. B 5. B 6. C 7. B 8. B 9. A 10. B II. 完形填空题 1. B 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. B 6. B 7. B 8. C 9. C 10. C III. 短语填空 1. coming and going 2. rose one after another 3. attract customers 4. held up 5. resist the sharpness 6. pierce through 7. convinced by 8. took out 9. realize something 10. gained nothing but lost everything IV. 句子翻译 1. A man from the State of Chu sold the spears and shields he had made himself. 2. The market was crowded with people coming and going. 3. He shouted loudly to attract customers. 4. "Look at my spear! It's made of pure iron, extremely sharp." 5. "No matter how strong a shield is, it can't resist the sharpness of this spear!" 6. "Now look at my shield! It's hard and solid." 7. "No matter how sharp a spear is, it can't pierce through this shield!" 8. Among the crowd, there was a child about ten years old. 9. He asked the man selling spears and shields in confusion. 10. "What would happen if you pierce your shield with your spear?" V. 句型转换 1. Did, sell 2. How crowded 3. What did 4. his, was 5. so sharp 6. was asked 7. Was, stunned 8. What did 9. did, anything 10. What an 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $