49中国寓言故事英语阅读语篇精选 ⼈贵有⾃知之明-2025-2026学年人教版（2024）八年级英语上册

中国寓言故事英语阅读语篇精选——用英语说中国故事 The Value of Self-Knowledge （人贵有自知之明） Zou Ji, the prime minister of King Wei of Qi, was a handsome man. He was eight chi tall (an ancient Chinese unit of length), had a strong build, and looked very elegant. Xu Gong, who lived in the same city as Zou Ji, was also a man of striking appearance—he was a famous handsome man in the State of Qi. One morning, after getting up, Zou Ji put on his clothes and hat, then walked to the mirror and looked carefully at his outfit and his own appearance. He thought he was really outstanding and superior to others, so he casually asked his wife: “Look, compared with Xu Gong from the north of the city, who is more handsome?” His wife stepped forward, helped him straighten his collar, and replied: “How handsome you are! How can Mr. Xu compare with you?” Zou Ji didn’t really believe her. Since Xu Gong from the north of the city was a well-recognized handsome man, Zou Ji thought he might not be as good as Xu Gong. So he asked his concubine: “Compared with Xu Gong from the north of the city, who is more handsome?” His concubine quickly said: “My lord, you are much more handsome than Mr. Xu. How can he compare with you?” The next day, a guest came to visit. Zou Ji sat and chatted with him. Remembering what had happened the day before, he took the chance to ask the guest: “What do you think—compared with Xu Gong from the north of the city, who is more handsome?” The guest didn’t hesitate to say: “Mr. Xu is not as good as you. You are much more handsome than him.” Zou Ji had asked three people, and all of them agreed that he was more handsome than Xu Gong. But Zou Ji was a sensible man—he didn’t become complacent because of this, nor did he think he was really more handsome than Xu Gong. Coincidentally, the next day, Xu Gong from the north of the city came to visit Zou Ji. At first sight, Zou Ji was stunned by Xu Gong’s dignified and radiant appearance. When they talked, Zou Ji kept looking at Xu Gong. He felt that he was not as handsome as Xu Gong. To confirm this, he secretly looked at himself in the mirror, then turned to look at Xu Gong again. In the end, he felt even more that he was not as handsome as Xu Gong. That night, Zou Ji lay in bed and thought about this matter repeatedly. Since he was not as handsome as Xu Gong, why did his wife, concubine, and that guest all say he was more handsome than Xu Gong? After thinking for a long time, he finally found the answer. Zou Ji said to himself: “So all these people were flattering me! My wife said I was handsome because she favors me; my concubine said I was handsome because she fears me; the guest said I was handsome because he has a request for me. It seems that I was flattered and praised by the people around me, so I couldn’t see my true self clearly.” Moral This fable tells us that we must keep a clear mind when surrounded by praise. Especially for those in leading positions, it is even more important to have self-knowledge—only then can we avoid losing our way. 人贵有自知之明（中文翻译） 齐国宰相邹忌是个英俊的男子。他身高八尺（中国古代长度单位），身材魁梧，看上去气度不凡。和邹忌住在同一座城的徐公，也是个容貌出众的人——他是齐国出了名的美男子。 一天早上，邹忌起床后，穿上衣服、戴好帽子，走到镜子前，仔细打量自己的衣着和样貌。他觉得自己确实很出众，比别人都强，于是随口问妻子：“你看，我和城北的徐公比，谁更英俊？” 妻子上前帮他理了理衣领，回答说：“你多英俊啊！徐公怎么能比得上你呢？” 邹忌不太相信妻子的话。因为城北的徐公是大家公认的美男子，邹忌觉得自己可能不如徐公。于是他又问妾：“我和城北的徐公比，谁更英俊？” 妾连忙说：“大人，您比徐公英俊多了。他怎么能比得上您呢？” 第二天，有位客人来拜访邹忌。邹忌坐着和客人聊天，想起前一天的事，就趁机问客人：“你觉得，我和城北的徐公比，谁更英俊？”客人毫不犹豫地说：“徐公不如您，您比他英俊多了。” 邹忌问了三个人，三个人都认为他比徐公英俊。但邹忌是个明事理的人——他没有因此自满，也不认为自己真的比徐公英俊。 巧的是，第二天，城北的徐公来拜访邹忌了。邹忌一眼看到徐公，就被他端庄出众、神采奕奕的样貌惊艳到了。聊天的时候，邹忌一直盯着徐公看，他觉得自己不如徐公英俊。为了确认这一点，他偷偷照了照镜子，再转头看徐公，最后更觉得自己比不上徐公了。 那天晚上，邹忌躺在床上，反复琢磨这件事。既然自己不如徐公英俊，为什么妻子、妾和那位客人都说他比徐公英俊呢？想了很久，他终于找到了答案。邹忌自言自语道：“原来这些人都在奉承我啊！妻子说我英俊，是因为她偏爱我；妾说我英俊，是因为她害怕我；客人说我英俊，是因为他有求于我。看来，我被身边的人奉承夸赞，才没能清楚地看清自己真实的样子。” 寓意 这则寓言告诉我们：身处赞美声中时，一定要保持清醒的头脑。尤其是身处高位的人，更要有自知之明——只有这样，才能避免迷失方向。 逐句翻译 + 解析 1. The Value of Self-Knowledge（人贵有自知之明） - 逐句翻译：自我认知的价值（即“人贵有自知之明”，指人最可贵的是能清楚认识自己） - 陌生单词： - self-knowledge /ˌselfˈnɒlɪdʒ/ n. 自知之明；自我认知（“self-”表“自我的”，“knowledge”表“认知、了解”，例：develop self-knowledge 培养自知之明；the value of self-knowledge 自我认知的价值） - value /ˈvæljuː/ n. 价值；重要性（例：the value of friendship 友谊的价值；the value of self-knowledge 自知之明的价值） - 高频语块：The Value of Self-Knowledge 人贵有自知之明（寓言标题，表“自我认知的重要性”，例：The story “The Value of Self-Knowledge” teaches us to understand ourselves clearly.《人贵有自知之明》的故事教我们要清楚认识自己。） - 造句：Teachers often tell us the value of self-knowledge—we should know our strengths and weaknesses.（老师常告诉我们人贵有自知之明——我们要知道自己的优点和缺点。） 2. Zou Ji, the prime minister of King Wei of Qi, was a handsome man. - 逐句翻译：齐国宰相邹忌是个英俊的男子。 - 陌生单词： - prime minister /praɪm ˈmɪnɪstə(r)/ n. 宰相；首相（例：the prime minister of a country 某国首相；the prime minister of King Wei of Qi 齐国宰相） - King Wei of Qi 齐威王（齐国国君，专有名词，例：the court of King Wei of Qi 齐威王的宫廷；King Wei of Qi 齐威王） - handsome /ˈhænsəm/ adj. 英俊的；帅气的（形容男性外貌，例：a handsome boy 英俊的男孩；a handsome man 英俊的男子） - 高频语块：the prime minister of 某国/君主的宰相/首相（例：Li Si was once the prime minister of the Qin Dynasty. 李斯曾是秦朝的宰相。） - 造句：Li Bai, a famous poet of the Tang Dynasty, was a talented man.（唐朝著名诗人李白是个有才华的人。） 3. He was eight chi tall (an ancient Chinese unit of length), had a strong build, and looked very elegant. - 逐句翻译：他身高八尺（中国古代长度单位），身材魁梧，看上去气度不凡。 - 陌生单词： - eight chi tall 身高八尺（“chi”是中国古代长度单位“尺”，例：six chi tall 身高六尺；eight chi tall 身高八尺） - an ancient Chinese unit of length 中国古代长度单位（“ancient”表“古代的”，“unit of length”表“长度单位”，例：ancient Chinese culture 中国古代文化；an ancient Chinese unit of length 中国古代长度单位） - strong build 魁梧的身材；健壮的体格（“build”表“体型、体格”，例：a slim build 苗条的身材；a strong build 魁梧的身材） - elegant /ˈelɪɡənt/ adj. 优雅的；气度不凡的（形容举止或气质，例：an elegant lady 优雅的女士；looked very elegant 看上去气度不凡） - 高频语块：a strong build 魁梧的身材（例：My father has a strong build—he can carry heavy things easily. 爸爸身材魁梧，能轻松搬重物。） - 造句：My grandfather was six feet tall (a Western unit of length), had a healthy build, and looked very energetic.（爷爷身高六英尺（西方长度单位），体格健康，看上去很有活力。） 4. Xu Gong, who lived in the same city as Zou Ji, was also a man of striking appearance—he was a famous handsome man in the State of Qi. - 逐句翻译：和邹忌住在同一座城的徐公，也是个容貌出众的人——他是齐国出了名的美男子。 - 陌生单词： - who lived in the same city as Zou Ji 和邹忌住在同一座城的（定语从句，“the same...as...”表“和……一样的”，例：who studied in the same class as me 和我在同一个班学习的；who lived in the same city as Zou Ji 和邹忌住在同一座城的） - a man of striking appearance 容貌出众的人；样貌引人注目的人（“striking”表“引人注目的、出众的”，“appearance”表“外貌、容貌”，例：a woman of striking appearance 容貌出众的女子；a man of striking appearance 容貌出众的人） - the State of Qi 齐国（中国古代诸侯国，专有名词，例：the culture of the State of Qi 齐国文化；a famous man in the State of Qi 齐国的名人） - 高频语块：the same...as... 和……一样的……（例：This is the same book as I read yesterday. 这和我昨天读的书是同一本。） - 造句：Lucy, who played in the same team as Lily, was also a girl of great talent—she was a famous singer in our school.（和莉莉在同一个队的露西，也是个很有天赋的女孩——她是我们学校有名的歌手。） 5. One morning, after getting up, Zou Ji put on his clothes and hat, then walked to the mirror and looked carefully at his outfit and his own appearance. - 逐句翻译：一天早上，邹忌起床后，穿上衣服、戴好帽子，走到镜子前，仔细打量自己的衣着和样貌。 - 陌生单词： - after getting up 起床后；起身之后（例：after having breakfast 早餐后；after getting up 起床后） - put on 穿上；戴上（表“穿戴”的动作，例：put on a coat 穿上外套；put on his clothes and hat 穿上衣服、戴好帽子） - walked to the mirror 走到镜子前；走向镜子（例：walked to the window 走到窗边；walked to the mirror 走到镜子前） - looked carefully at 仔细地看；认真打量（“carefully”表“仔细地”，例：looked carefully at the map 仔细看地图；looked carefully at his outfit 仔细打量他的衣着） - outfit /ˈaʊtfɪt/ n. 衣着；套装（此处指“整体穿着”，例：a new outfit 新衣服；his outfit 他的衣着） - appearance /əˈpɪərəns/ n. 外貌；样貌（例：a handsome appearance 英俊的样貌；his own appearance 他自己的样貌） - 高频语块：put on 穿上；戴上（例：It’s cold outside—put on your scarf. 外面冷，戴上围巾。） - 造句：One evening, after finishing homework, I put on my shoes and coat, then walked to the window and looked carefully at the beautiful sunset.（一天晚上，做完作业后，我穿上鞋子和外套，走到窗边，仔细欣赏美丽的日落。） 6. He thought he was really outstanding and superior to others, so he casually asked his wife: “Look, compared with Xu Gong from the north of the city, who is more handsome?” - 逐句翻译：他觉得自己确实很出众，比别人都强，于是随口问妻子：“你看，我和城北的徐公比，谁更英俊？” - 陌生单词： - outstanding /aʊtˈstændɪŋ/ adj. 出众的；优秀的（例：an outstanding student 优秀的学生；really outstanding 确实出众） - superior to others 比别人强；优于他人（“superior to”表“比……优秀、优于……”，例：superior to other teams 比其他队强；superior to others 比别人强） - casually /ˈkæʒuəli/ adv. 随意地；随口地（例：talked casually 随意地聊天；casually asked 随口问） - compared with 和……比；与……相比（固定短语，例：compared with last year 和去年比；compared with Xu Gong 和徐公比） - from the north of the city 来自城北的；城北的（例：a park from the north of the city 城北的公园；Xu Gong from the north of the city 城北的徐公） - 高频语块：compared with 和……相比（例：Compared with math, English is easier for me. 和数学比，英语对我来说更容易。） - 造句：She thought she was really talented and better than her classmates, so she confidently asked her teacher: “Look, compared with Tom, who is better at painting?”（她觉得自己很有天赋，比同学都强，于是自信地问老师：“您看，我和汤姆比，谁更擅长画画？”） 7. His wife stepped forward, helped him straighten his collar, and replied: “How handsome you are! How can Mr. Xu compare with you?” - 逐句翻译：妻子上前帮他理了理衣领，回答说：“你多英俊啊！徐公怎么能比得上你呢？” - 陌生单词： - stepped forward 走上前；向前迈步（例：stepped forward to help 走上前帮忙；stepped forward 上前） - straighten his collar 理他的衣领；把他的衣领弄整齐（“straighten”表“弄直、整理”，“collar”表“衣领”，例：straighten the paper 把纸弄平整；straighten his collar 理他的衣领） - replied /rɪˈplaɪd/ v. 回答；回应（“reply”的过去式，例：replied with a smile 笑着回答；replied 回答说） - How handsome you are! 你多英俊啊！（感叹句，“how+形容词+主语+谓语”结构，例：How tall you are! 你多高啊！；How handsome you are! 你多英俊啊！） - How can...compare with...? ……怎么能比得上……呢？（反问句，表“……不如……”，例：How can this book compare with that one? 这本书怎么能比得上那本呢？；How can Mr. Xu compare with you? 徐公怎么能比得上你呢？） - 高频语块：How+形容词+主语+谓语！ 多……啊！（感叹句，例：How beautiful the flower is! 这朵花多漂亮啊！） - 造句：My mom stepped forward, helped me comb my hair, and replied: “How clever you are! How can your brother compare with you?”（妈妈上前帮我梳了梳头发，回答说：“你多聪明啊！你弟弟怎么能比得上你呢？”） 8. Zou Ji didn’t really believe her. Since Xu Gong from the north of the city was a well-recognized handsome man, Zou Ji thought he might not be as good as Xu Gong. - 逐句翻译：邹忌不太相信妻子的话。因为城北的徐公是大家公认的美男子，邹忌觉得自己可能不如徐公。 - 陌生单词： - didn’t really believe her 不太相信她；不是真的相信她（“really”表“真的、确实”，例：didn’t really understand 不太明白；didn’t really believe her 不太相信她） - since /sɪns/ conj. 因为；既然（表原因，例：Since it’s raining, we stay at home. 因为下雨，我们待在家里；Since Xu Gong was... 因为徐公是……） - well-recognized /ˌwel ˈrekəɡnaɪzd/ adj. 公认的；众所周知的（“well-”表“很好地”，“recognized”表“被认可的”，例：a well-recognized fact 公认的事实；a well-recognized handsome man 公认的美男子） - might not be as good as 可能不如……；也许比不上……（“not as+形容词+as”表“不如……”，“might”表“可能”，例：might not be as tall as 可能不如……高；might not be as good as 可能不如……） - 高频语块：not as good as 不如……好（例：This pen is not as good as that one—it often leaks ink. 这支笔不如那支好，经常漏墨。） - 造句：Tom didn’t really believe his friend. Since Mike was a well-recognized math genius, Tom thought he might not be as good as Mike.（汤姆不太相信朋友的话。因为迈克是公认的数学天才，汤姆觉得自己可能不如迈克。） 9. So he asked his concubine: “Compared with Xu Gong from the north of the city, who is more handsome?” - 逐句翻译：于是他又问妾：“我和城北的徐公比，谁更英俊？” - 陌生单词： - concubine /ˈkɒŋkjubaɪn/ n. 妾；姨太（古代男子的侧室，例：the king’s concubine 王妃；his concubine 他的妾） - （其他语块“compared with”“from the north of the city”前文已出现，此处为复习） - 高频语块：重复“compared with”（和……相比），强化记忆（例：Compared with spring, autumn is cooler. 和春天比，秋天更凉爽。） - 造句：So she asked her best friend: “Compared with Mary from the next class, who is more friendly?”（于是她问最好的朋友：“我和隔壁班的玛丽比，谁更友好？”） 10. His concubine quickly said: “My lord, you are much more handsome than Mr. Xu. How can he compare with you?” - 逐句翻译：妾连忙说：“大人，您比徐公英俊多了。他怎么能比得上您呢？” - 陌生单词： - quickly /ˈkwɪkli/ adv. 快速地；连忙（例：answered quickly 快速回答；quickly said 连忙说） - my lord 大人；主人（古代对上级或主人的尊称，例：Yes, my lord 遵命，大人；My lord 大人） - much more handsome than 比……英俊得多（“much+比较级”表“……得多”，例：much taller than 比……高得多；much more handsome than 比……英俊得多） - （“How can he compare with you?”前文已出现，复习：表“他怎么能比得上您呢？”，反问句强化“不如”的含义） - 高频语块：much+比较级+than 比……得多（例：This story is much more interesting than that one. 这个故事比那个有趣得多。） - 造句：The little boy quickly said: “Mom, this cake is much more delicious than the one yesterday. How can that cake compare with this one?”（小男孩连忙说：“妈妈，这个蛋糕比昨天的好吃多了。那个蛋糕怎么能比得上这个呢？”） 11. The next day, a guest came to visit. Zou Ji sat and chatted with him. - 逐句翻译：第二天，有位客人来拜访邹忌。邹忌坐着和客人聊天。 - 陌生单词： - the next day 第二天；次日（例：The next day, we went to the park. 第二天，我们去了公园；The next day, a guest came to visit. 第二天，有位客人来拜访。） - came to visit 来拜访；来访（“come to do sth”表“来做某事”，例：came to help 来帮忙；came to visit 来拜访） - sat and chatted with him 坐着和他聊天；坐下与他闲谈（“chat with”表“和……聊天”，例：sat and talked with her 坐着和她说话；sat and chatted with him 坐着和他聊天） - 高频语块：came to visit 来拜访（例：My aunt came to visit us last weekend. 上周我姑姑来拜访我们了。） - 造句：The next day, my classmate came to my home. We sat and chatted with each other about our holiday plans.（第二天，我的同学来我家了。我们坐着一起聊假期计划。） 12. Remembering what had happened the day before, he took the chance to ask the guest: “What do you think—compared with Xu Gong from the north of the city, who is more handsome?” - 逐句翻译：邹忌想起前一天的事，就趁机问客人：“你觉得，我和城北的徐公比，谁更英俊？” - 陌生单词： - remembering what had happened the day before 想起前一天发生的事；记起头一天的事（“the day before”表“前一天”，过去完成时“had happened”，例：remembering what he had said 想起他说过的话；remembering what had happened the day before 想起前一天的事） - took the chance to 趁机；抓住机会（“take the chance to do sth”表“趁机做某事”，例：took the chance to ask 趁机问；took the chance to visit 趁机拜访） - what do you think 你觉得呢；你怎么看（口语中用于询问观点，例：What do you think of this book? 你觉得这本书怎么样？；What do you think—who is more handsome? 你觉得呢——谁更英俊？） - （“compared with Xu Gong from the north of the city”前文已出现，复习：和城北的徐公比） - 高频语块：took the chance to do sth 趁机做某事（例：She took the chance to practice English when the foreign teacher came. 外教来时，她趁机练习英语。） - 造句：Remembering what her teacher had told her, she took the chance to ask the scientist: “What do you think—compared with physics, who is more important for our life?”（想起老师说过的话，她趁机问科学家：“您觉得呢——和物理比，谁对我们的生活更重要？”） 13. The guest didn’t hesitate to say: “Mr. Xu is not as good as you. You are much more handsome than him.” - 逐句翻译：客人毫不犹豫地说：“徐公不如您，您比他英俊多了。” - 陌生单词： - didn’t hesitate to say 毫不犹豫地说；果断地说（“hesitate to do sth”表“犹豫做某事”，否定式“didn’t hesitate to do”，例：didn’t hesitate to help 毫不犹豫地帮忙；didn’t hesitate to say 毫不犹豫地说） - is not as good as you 不如您；比不上您（“not as+形容词+as”表“不如……”，例：is not as tall as you 不如您高；is not as good as you 不如您） - （“much more handsome than him”前文已出现，复习：比他英俊多了） - 高频语块：didn’t hesitate to do sth 毫不犹豫地做某事（例：He didn’t hesitate to share his umbrella with the old man. 他毫不犹豫地把伞分给老人。） - 造句：The student didn’t hesitate to answer: “This method is not as good as yours. Your method is much more useful than this one.”（学生毫不犹豫地回答：“这个方法不如您的好，您的方法比这个有用多了。”） 14. Zou Ji had asked three people, and all of them agreed that he was more handsome than Xu Gong. - 逐句翻译：邹忌问了三个人，三个人都认为他比徐公英俊。 - 陌生单词： - had asked three people 问过三个人；已经问了三个人（过去完成时，表“过去的过去”，例：had called three friends 给三个朋友打过电话；had asked three people 问了三个人） - all of them 他们所有人；三个人都（例：all of us 我们所有人；all of them agreed 他们都同意） - agreed that... 同意……；认为……（“agree”后接宾语从句，例：agreed that he was right 认为他是对的；agreed that he was more handsome 认为他更英俊） - 高频语块：all of them 他们都（例：All of them finished their homework on time. 他们所有人都按时完成了作业。） - 造句：Lucy had asked five classmates, and all of them agreed that this movie was more interesting than the last one.（露西问了五个同学，他们都认为这部电影比上一部有趣。） 15. But Zou Ji was a sensible man—he didn’t become complacent because of this, nor did he think he was really more handsome than Xu Gong. - 逐句翻译：但邹忌是个明事理的人——他没有因此自满，也不认为自己真的比徐公英俊。 - 陌生单词： - sensible /ˈsensəbl/ adj. 明事理的；理智的（例：a sensible decision 明智的决定；a sensible man 明事理的人） - become complacent /kəmˈpleɪsnt/ 变得自满；变得自满自足（“complacent”表“自满的、得意的”，例：become proud 变得骄傲；become complacent 变得自满） - because of this 因为这个；因此（“because of”后接名词/代词，例：because of rain 因为下雨；because of this 因为这个） - nor did he think... 他也不认为……（“nor”表“也不”，引导倒装句，例：nor did he know 他也不知道；nor did he think 他也不认为） - 高频语块：because of 因为（后接名词/代词，例：She was late because of the heavy traffic. 她因为堵车迟到了。） - 造句：But Tom was a humble boy—he didn’t become proud because of the praise, nor did he think he was really better than his classmates.（但汤姆是个谦虚的男孩——他没有因为表扬变得骄傲，也不认为自己真的比同学强。） 16. Coincidentally, the next day, Xu Gong from the north of the city came to visit Zou Ji. - 逐句翻译：巧的是，第二天，城北的徐公来拜访邹忌了。 - 陌生单词： - coincidentally /kəʊˌɪnsɪˈdentəli/ adv. 巧合地；巧的是（例：Coincidentally, we met at the station. 巧的是，我们在车站遇到了；Coincidentally, Xu Gong came to visit. 巧的是，徐公来拜访了。） - （“the next day”“Xu Gong from the north of the city”“came to visit”前文已出现，复习：第二天、城北的徐公、来拜访） - 高频语块：coincidentally 巧的是（例：Coincidentally, my mom and her mom were classmates when they were young. 巧的是，我妈妈和她妈妈年轻时是同学。） - 造句：Coincidentally, the next day, the author of the book came to our school to give a speech.（巧的是，第二天，这本书的作者来我们学校做演讲了。） 17. At first sight, Zou Ji was stunned by Xu Gong’s dignified and radiant appearance. - 逐句翻译：邹忌一眼看到徐公，就被他端庄出众、神采奕奕的样貌惊艳到了。 - 陌生单词： - at first sight 第一眼；乍一看（固定短语，例：At first sight, I thought it was a cat. 第一眼看到时，我以为它是只猫；At first sight, Zou Ji was stunned 邹忌一眼看到就被惊艳了） - stunned /stʌnd/ adj. 震惊的；惊艳的（例：stunned by the beauty 被美景惊艳；stunned by Xu Gong’s appearance 被徐公的样貌惊艳） - dignified /ˈdɪɡnɪfaɪd/ adj. 端庄的；庄重的（例：a dignified lady 端庄的女士；dignified appearance 端庄的样貌） - radiant /ˈreɪdiənt/ adj. 容光焕发的；神采奕奕的（例：a radiant smile 灿烂的笑容；radiant appearance 神采奕奕的样貌） - 高频语块：at first sight 第一眼（例：At first sight, this problem seems difficult, but it’s easy actually. 第一眼看上去这道题很难，其实很简单。） - 造句：At first sight, we were stunned by the ancient building’s grand and magnificent appearance.（我们第一眼看到这座古建筑，就被它宏伟壮丽的外观惊艳到了。） 18. When they talked, Zou Ji kept looking at Xu Gong. He felt that he was not as handsome as Xu Gong. - 逐句翻译：聊天的时候，邹忌一直盯着徐公看，他觉得自己不如徐公英俊。 - 陌生单词： - when they talked 他们聊天时；交谈的时候（“when”引导时间状语从句，例：When they walked 他们走路时；When they talked 他们聊天时） - kept looking at 一直看着；不停地盯着（“keep doing sth”表“持续做某事”，例：kept reading 一直看书；kept looking at Xu Gong 一直盯着徐公看） - （“was not as handsome as Xu Gong”前文已出现，复习：不如徐公英俊） - 高频语块：kept doing sth 一直做某事（例：She kept practicing the piano until midnight. 她一直练钢琴到半夜。） - 造句：When they watched the game, Tom kept cheering for his favorite team. He felt that his team was not as strong as the other one.（看比赛的时候，汤姆一直为他喜欢的球队加油。他觉得自己的球队不如另一支强。） 19. To confirm this, he secretly looked at himself in the mirror, then turned to look at Xu Gong again. - 逐句翻译：为了确认这一点，他偷偷照了照镜子，再转头看徐公。 - 陌生单词： - to confirm this 为了确认这一点；为了证实这个（“confirm”表“确认、证实”，例：to confirm the time 为了确认时间；to confirm this 为了确认这一点） - secretly /ˈsiːkrətli/ adv. 偷偷地；秘密地（例：secretly smiled 偷偷地笑；secretly looked at himself 偷偷照自己） - looked at himself in the mirror 照镜子；看镜子里的自己（例：look at myself in the mirror every morning 每天早上照镜子；looked at himself in the mirror 照了照镜子） - turned to look at 转头看；转过身看（“turn to do sth”表“转身做某事”，例：turned to help 转身帮忙；turned to look at Xu Gong 转头看徐公） - 高频语块：looked at oneself in the mirror 照镜子（例：She looked at herself in the mirror and combed her hair. 她照了照镜子，梳了梳头发。） - 造句：To confirm his guess, he secretly asked his deskmate, then turned to look at the teacher’s expression again.（为了确认自己的猜测，他偷偷问了同桌，再转头看老师的表情。） 20. In the end, he felt even more that he was not as handsome as Xu Gong. - 逐句翻译：最后更觉得自己比不上徐公了。 - 陌生单词： - in the end 最后；最终（例：In the end, we won the game. 最后我们赢了比赛；In the end, he felt 最后他觉得） - even more 更；越发（修饰动词“felt”，表“程度加深”，例：even more happy 更开心；even more that 更觉得） - （“was not as handsome as Xu Gong”前文已出现，复习：不如徐公英俊） - 高频语块：in the end 最后（例：In the end, she decided to study abroad. 最后，她决定出国留学。） - 造句：In the end, I felt even more that this trip was more meaningful than I thought.（最后，我更觉得这次旅行比我想象的更有意义。） 21. That night, Zou Ji lay in bed and thought about this matter repeatedly. - 逐句翻译：那天晚上，邹忌躺在床上，反复琢磨这件事。 - 陌生单词： - that night 那天晚上；夜里（例：That night, we talked for a long time. 那天晚上，我们聊了很久；That night, Zou Ji lay in bed 那天晚上，邹忌躺在床上） - lay in bed 躺在床上（“lie”表“躺”，过去式“lay”，例：lay on the sofa 躺在沙发上；lay in bed 躺在床上） - thought about this matter 思考这件事；琢磨这件事（“think about”表“思考、考虑”，例：thought about the problem 思考问题；thought about this matter 琢磨这件事） - repeatedly /rɪˈpiːtɪdli/ adv. 反复地；多次地（例：read the text repeatedly 反复读课文；thought about repeatedly 反复琢磨） - 高频语块：thought about 思考；琢磨（例：He thought about his future carefully. 他认真思考自己的未来。） - 造句：That night, I lay in bed and thought about my grandma’s story repeatedly.（那天晚上，我躺在床上，反复琢磨奶奶讲的故事。） 22. Since he was not as handsome as Xu Gong, why did his wife, concubine, and that guest all say he was more handsome than Xu Gong? - 逐句翻译：既然自己不如徐公英俊，为什么妻子、妾和那位客人都说他比徐公英俊呢？ - 陌生单词： - since /sɪns/ conj. 既然；因为（此处表“既然”，引导原因状语从句，例：Since you know it, tell us. 既然你知道，就告诉我们吧；Since he was not as handsome 既然他不如……英俊） - why did...all say... 为什么……都要说……（“all”表“三者及以上都”，例：Why did they all agree? 为什么他们都同意？；Why did his wife...all say 为什么他的妻子……都要说） - （“was not as handsome as Xu Gong”“was more handsome than Xu Gong”前文已出现，复习：不如徐公英俊、比徐公英俊） - 高频语块：why did+主语+all+动词原形？ 为什么……都要……呢？（例：Why did your family all come to the party? 为什么你们家人都来参加派对了呢？） - 造句：Since this book is not as interesting as that one, why did my classmates, teacher, and mom all say it was more interesting than that one?（既然这本书不如那本有趣，为什么我的同学、老师和妈妈都说它比那本有趣呢？） 23. After thinking for a long time, he finally found the answer. - 逐句翻译：想了很久，他终于找到了答案。 - 陌生单词： - after thinking for a long time 想了很久之后；思考了很长时间后（“for a long time”表“很长时间”，例：after waiting for a long time 等了很久之后；after thinking for a long time 想了很久之后） - finally /ˈfaɪnəli/ adv. 终于；最终（例：finally arrived 终于到达；finally found the answer 终于找到答案） - found the answer 找到答案；得出答案（例：found the key 找到钥匙；found the answer 找到答案） - 高频语块：after thinking for a long time 想了很久之后（例：After thinking for a long time, she decided to apologize to her friend. 想了很久，她决定向朋友道歉。） - 造句：After practicing for a long time, the little girl finally played the piano piece well.（练习了很久，小女孩终于把这首钢琴曲弹好了。） 24. Zou Ji said to himself: “So all these people were flattering me! My wife said I was handsome because she favors me; my concubine said I was handsome because she fears me; the guest said I was handsome because he has a request for me.” - 逐句翻译：邹忌自言自语道：“原来这些人都在奉承我啊！妻子说我英俊，是因为她偏爱我；妾说我英俊，是因为她害怕我；客人说我英俊，是因为他有求于我。” - 陌生单词： - said to himself 自言自语道；心里想（例：talked to himself 自言自语；said to himself 自言自语道） - were flattering me 正在奉承我；在讨好我（“flatter”表“奉承、讨好”，例：flattered her with praise 用赞美奉承她；were flattering me 都在奉承我） - favors me 偏爱我；偏袒我（“favor”表“偏爱、偏袒”，例：favors her son 偏爱她的儿子；favors me 偏爱我） - fears me 害怕我；惧怕我（“fear”表“害怕、惧怕”，例：fears darkness 害怕黑暗；fears me 害怕我） - has a request for me 有求于我；对我有请求（“request”表“请求、要求”，例：has a request for help 有求助请求；has a request for me 有求于我） - 高频语块：because+句子 因为……（表原因，例：He stayed at home because he was ill. 他因为生病待在家里。） - 造句：Tom said to himself: “So all these people were praising me politely! My friend said I was clever because he likes me; my deskmate said I was clever because he doesn’t want to argue with me; the new student said I was clever because he needs my help.”（汤姆自言自语道：“原来这些人都在客气地夸我啊！朋友说我聪明，是因为他喜欢我；同桌说我聪明，是因为他不想和我争论；新同学说我聪明，是因为他需要我的帮助。”） 25. It seems that I was flattered and praised by the people around me, so I couldn’t see my true self clearly. - 逐句翻译：看来，我被身边的人奉承夸赞，才没能清楚地看清自己真实的样子。 - 陌生单词： - it seems that... 看来；似乎（固定句式，例：It seems that it will rain. 看来要下雨了；It seems that I was flattered 看来我被奉承了） - was flattered and praised 被奉承和夸赞；受到奉承与赞美（被动语态，“flattered”表“被奉承”，“praised”表“被夸赞”，例：was loved and cared 被爱与关心；was flattered and praised 被奉承夸赞） - the people around me 我身边的人；周围的人（例：the friends around me 我身边的朋友；the people around me 身边的人） - couldn’t see my true self clearly 不能清楚地看到真实的自己；没能看清自己真实的样子（“true self”表“真实的自己”，“clearly”表“清楚地”，例：see the truth clearly 清楚地看到真相；see my true self clearly 看清真实的自己） - 高频语块：it seems that... 看来；似乎（例：It seems that this plan is better than the previous one. 看来这个计划比之前的好。） - 造句：It seems that he was surrounded by too many compliments, so he couldn’t see his own mistakes clearly.（看来他被太多赞美包围，才没能清楚地看到自己的错误。） Moral（寓意部分） 26. This fable tells us that we must keep a clear mind when surrounded by praise. - 逐句翻译：这则寓言告诉我们：身处赞美声中时，一定要保持清醒的头脑。 - 陌生单词： - this fable 这则寓言；这个寓言故事（“fable”表“寓言”，例：Aesop’s Fables 《伊索寓言》；this fable 这则寓言） - tells us that... 告诉我们……（“tell”后接宾语从句，例：tells us that we should be kind 告诉我们要善良；tells us that we must keep a clear mind 告诉我们要保持清醒的头脑） - keep a clear mind 保持清醒的头脑；保持理智（例：keep a calm mind 保持冷静的头脑；keep a clear mind 保持清醒的头脑） - when surrounded by praise 当被赞美包围时；身处赞美声中时（被动语态，“surrounded by”表“被……包围”，例：when surrounded by friends 当被朋友包围时；when surrounded by praise 身处赞美声中时） - 高频语块：keep a clear mind 保持清醒的头脑（例：We must keep a clear mind when making important decisions. 做重要决定时，我们一定要保持清醒的头脑。） - 造句：This story tells us that we must keep a calm mind when facing difficulties.（这个故事告诉我们：面对困难时，一定要保持冷静的头脑。） 27. Especially for those in leading positions, it is even more important to have self-knowledge—only then can we avoid losing our way. - 逐句翻译：尤其是身处高位的人，更要有自知之明——只有这样，才能避免迷失方向。 - 陌生单词： - especially /ɪˈspeʃəli/ adv. 尤其；特别（例：especially in winter 尤其在冬天；especially for those 尤其对那些人） - those in leading positions 那些身处领导岗位的人；身处高位的人（“leading positions”表“领导职位、高位”，例：work in leading positions 在领导岗位工作；those in leading positions 身处高位的人） - it is even more important to... ……更加重要；……更关键（“it is important to do sth”表“做某事很重要”，“even more”表“更加”，例：it is even more important to study 学习更加重要；it is even more important to have self-knowledge 有自知之明更重要） - only then can we... 只有那样我们才能……（“only then”引导倒装句，例：Only then can we succeed 只有那样我们才能成功；Only then can we avoid losing our way 只有那样才能避免迷失方向） - avoid losing our way 避免迷失方向；防止走错路（“avoid doing sth”表“避免做某事”，“lose one’s way”表“迷失方向”，例：avoid making mistakes 避免犯错；avoid losing our way 避免迷失方向） - 高频语块：it is important to do sth 做某事很重要（例：It is important to respect our parents. 尊重父母很重要。） - 造句：Especially for students, it is even more important to have a good study habit—only then can we improve our grades quickly.（尤其是对学生来说，养成好的学习习惯更加重要——只有这样，才能快速提高成绩。） 核心知识点汇总 1. 重点动词短语 动词短语 含义 例句 put on 穿上；戴上 She put on her coat before going out. compared with 和…… 相比 Compared with summer, winter is cold. stepped forward 走上前 He stepped forward to answer the question. took the chance to 趁机 She took the chance to practice speaking. didn’t hesitate to 毫不犹豫地 He didn’t hesitate to help the old man. kept doing sth 一直做某事 The baby kept crying for his mom. thought about 思考；琢磨 I thought about this problem all night. avoid doing sth 避免做某事 We should avoid eating too much sugar. 2. 高频语法与结构 1. “not as+形容词+as”比较结构：表“不如……”，例：He is not as tall as his brother.（他不如他哥哥高。） 2. “much+比较级+than”结构：表“比……得多”，例：This room is much bigger than that one.（这个房间比那个大得多。） 3. “it seems that...”句式：表“看来、似乎”，例：It seems that she will come late.（看来她要迟到了。） 4. “only then+倒装句”结构：表“只有那样才……”，例：Only then can we solve the problem.（只有那样我们才能解决问题。） 5. 被动语态“be+过去分词”：表“被……”，例：The letter was written by her.（这封信是她写的。） 场景复述练习（巩固语块） 用8-10个高频语块串联故事核心，强化记忆与运用： Zou Ji, a handsome prime minister of Qi, once asked his wife, concubine, and a guest: “Compared with Xu Gong (a famous handsome man), who is more handsome?”[1] All three said Zou Ji was much more handsome than Xu Gong[2]. But Zou Ji was sensible—he didn’t become complacent. When Xu Gong visited later, Zou Ji found he was not as handsome as Xu Gong after looking at himself in the mirror[3]. That night, he thought about it repeatedly and finally found the reason: his wife favored him, his concubine feared him, and the guest had a request for him—all were flattering him[4]. This fable tells us: We must keep a clear mind when surrounded by praise, especially those in leading positions. Having self-knowledge helps us avoid losing our way[5]. 中文翻译 齐国英俊的宰相邹忌，曾问妻子、妾和一位客人：“我和徐公（有名的美男子）比，谁更英俊？”[1]三个人都说邹忌比徐公英俊得多[2]。 但邹忌很明事理——他没有因此自满。后来徐公来拜访时，邹忌照过镜子后，发现自己不如徐公英俊[3]。那天晚上，他反复琢磨这件事，终于找到原因：妻子偏爱他、妾害怕他、客人有求于他——所有人都在奉承他[4]。 这则寓言告诉我们：身处赞美声中时，一定要保持清醒的头脑，尤其是身处高位的人。有自知之明能帮我们避免迷失方向[5]。 高频语块清单（附用法） 1. [1] Compared with Xu Gong（介词短语）：和徐公相比（例：Compared with Tom, Lily runs faster.） 2. [2] much more handsome than（形容词比较级短语）：比……英俊得多（例：This dress is much more beautiful than that one.） 3. [3] not as handsome as（形容词比较级短语）：不如……英俊（例：He is not as tall as his father.） 4. [4] were flattering him（动词短语）：在奉承他（例：They were flattering the teacher with nice words.） 5. [5] keep a clear mind（动词短语）：保持清醒的头脑（例：You need to keep a clear mind in exams.） 6. [6] surrounded by praise（介词短语）：被赞美包围（例：She was surrounded by friends’ praise.） 7. [7] in leading positions（介词短语）：身处领导岗位；高位（例：His father works in leading positions in the company.） 8. [8] avoid losing our way（动词短语）：避免迷失方向（例：Following the map helps avoid losing our way.） 《The Value of Self-Knowledge》练习题 I. 阅读理解单选题 (10小题)阅读文章，根据文章内容选择最佳答案。 1. What was Zou Ji's official position? A. A general. B. The prime minister of King Wei of Qi. C. A teacher. D. A merchant. 2. How did Zou Ji describe his own appearance when looking in the mirror? A. He thought he was ordinary-looking. B. He thought he was really outstanding and superior to others. C. He thought he was ugly. D. He didn't care about his appearance. 3. Who was Xu Gong? A. Zou Ji's brother. B. A famous handsome man in the State of Qi. C. The king of Qi. D. Zou Ji's enemy. 4. What did Zou Ji's wife say when asked who was more handsome? A. She said Xu Gong was more handsome. B. She said Zou Ji was more handsome than Xu Gong. C. She said they were equally handsome. D. She refused to answer. 5. How many people did Zou Ji ask about his appearance compared to Xu Gong? A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Five. 6. How did Zou Ji feel when he actually met Xu Gong? A. He was stunned by Xu Gong's dignified appearance. B. He thought Xu Gong was ugly. C. He felt proud of himself. D. He was disappointed. 7. Why did Zou Ji's wife say he was more handsome according to his conclusion? A. Because she favored him. B. Because she was telling the truth. C. Because she wanted to make him happy. D. Because she didn't know Xu Gong. 8. Why did Zou Ji's concubine say he was more handsome? A. Because she feared him. B. Because she loved him. C. Because she was honest. D. Because she wanted a gift. 9. Why did the guest say Zou Ji was more handsome? A. Because he had a request for Zou Ji. B. Because he was telling the truth. C. Because he didn't know Xu Gong. D. Because he wanted to make friends. 10. What is the main moral of the story? A. We must keep a clear mind when surrounded by praise and have self-knowledge. B. Appearance is the most important thing. C. We should always believe what others say about us. D. It's good to be handsome. II. 完形填空题 (10小题) 阅读下面短文，从所给的A, B, C, D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Zou Ji was a handsome man who served as prime minister. He (1)______ he was more handsome than Xu Gong, a famous handsome man. So he asked his wife, concubine, and a (2)______ about it. All three said Zou Ji was more (3)______. But Zou Ji was a sensible man—he didn't become (4)______ because of this. When Xu Gong came to visit, Zou Ji was (5)______ by his appearance. He realized he was not as handsome as Xu Gong. That night, he (6)______ about why everyone said he was more handsome. He finally understood: his wife (7)______ him, his concubine (8)______ him, and the guest had a (9)______ for him. They were all (10)______ him. 1. A. wondered B. knew C. thought D. hoped 2. A. king B. guest C. friend D. stranger 3. A. handsome B. tall C. strong D. rich 4. A. sad B. angry C. complacent D. worried 5. A. bored B. happy C. stunned D. angry 6. A. dreamed B. talked C. thought D. wrote 7. A. favored B. hated C. loved D. feared 8. A. loved B. feared C. liked D. respected 9. A. gift B. request C. letter D. secret 10. A. praising B. flattering C. helping D. teaching III. 短语填空 (10小题) 从下方方框中选择合适的短语，并用其正确形式填空。 compare with, be superior to, step forward, straighten one's collar, take the chance, at first sight, keep a clear mind, have self-knowledge, lose one's way, be surrounded by 1. Zou Ji wanted to _______________ himself _______________ Xu Gong. 2. He thought he was really outstanding and _______________ others. 3. His wife _______________ and helped him straighten his collar. 4. She helped him _______________. 5. When a guest visited, Zou Ji _______________ to ask him about his appearance. 6. _______________, Zou Ji was stunned by Xu Gong's appearance. 7. We must _______________ when surrounded by praise. 8. It is important to _______________. 9. Without self-knowledge, we may _______________. 10. Leaders especially should be careful when they _______________ praise. IV. 句子翻译 (10小题)将下列中文句子翻译成英文。 1. 邹忌是齐威王的宰相。 2. 他身高八尺，体格健壮，看起来非常优雅。 3. 城北的徐公也是相貌出众的人。 4. 邹忌走到镜子前仔细打量自己的装扮和容貌。 5. "我和城北的徐公相比，谁更英俊？" 6. 他的妻妾和客人都说他比徐公更英俊。 7. 邹忌是个明白人，并没有因此自满。 8. 他暗自照镜子，然后又转头看徐公。 9. 他最终觉得自己不如徐公英俊。 10. 这些人都是在奉承我！ V. 句型转换 (10小题)根据要求改写句子，保持句意基本不变。 1. Zou Ji was a handsome man. (改为一般疑问句) ______ Zou Ji a handsome man? 2. He was eight chi tall. (对划线部分提问) ______ ______ was he? 3. "You are more handsome than Mr. Xu," his wife said. (改为间接引语) His wife said that ______ ______ more handsome than Mr. Xu. 4. Zou Ji asked three people about his appearance. (改为否定句) Zou Ji ______ ______ three people about his appearance. 5. He was stunned by Xu Gong's appearance. (对划线部分提问) ______ ______ he stunned by? 6. Zou Ji lay in bed and thought about this matter. (改为一般疑问句) ______ Zou Ji ______ in bed and think about this matter? 7. His wife said he was handsome because she favored him. (对划线部分提问) ______ ______ his wife say he was handsome? 8. The guest had a request for Zou Ji. (改为同义句) The guest wanted to ______ Zou Ji ______ a favor. 9. This fable tells us an important lesson. (改为感叹句) ______ ______ important lesson this fable tells us! 10. We must keep a clear mind. (改为被动语态) A clear mind must ______ ______ by us. 练习题答案 I. 阅读理解单选题 1. B 2. B 3. B 4. B 5. B 6. A 7. A 8. B 9. A 10. A II. 完形填空题 1. A 2. B 3. A 4. C 5. C 6. C 7. A 8. B 9. B 10. B III. 短语填空 1. compare, with 2. superior to 3. stepped forward 4. straighten his collar 5. took the chance 6. At first sight 7. keep a clear mind 8. have self-knowledge 9. lose our way 10. are surrounded by IV. 句子翻译 1. Zou Ji was the prime minister of King Wei of Qi. 2. He was eight chi tall, had a strong build, and looked very elegant. 3. Xu Gong, who lived in the same city, was also a man of striking appearance. 4. Zou Ji walked to the mirror and looked carefully at his outfit and his own appearance. 5. "Compared with Xu Gong from the north of the city, who is more handsome?" 6. His wife, concubine, and guest all said he was more handsome than Xu Gong. 7. Zou Ji was a sensible man—he didn't become complacent because of this. 8. He secretly looked at himself in the mirror, then turned to look at Xu Gong again. 9. He finally felt that he was not as handsome as Xu Gong. 10. All these people were flattering me! V. 句型转换 1. Was 2. How tall 3. he was 4. did not ask 5. By what 6. Did, lie 7. Why did 8. ask, for 9. What an 10. be kept 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $