卷01-【灿烂六月 · 金8卷】备战2026年高考英语模拟卷（上海卷）

【灿烂六月 · 高考金8卷】 备战2026年高考英语模拟卷（上海卷01） （考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：140分） 注意事项： 1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。 2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 I.Listening Comprehension （第1-10题, 每题1分；第11-20题，每题1.5分；共25分） Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. Husband and wife. B. Guest and hostess C. Customer and waitress. D. Boss and employee. 2. A. Watch the program on TV. B. Call the TV station. C. Meet the man at the cat exhibition D. Look for cats with the man. 3. A. Borrow the typewriter. B. Visit the woman. C. Go home soon. D. Read the woman's paper. 4. A. The man. B. Both. C. The woman. D. Neither. 5. A. The books there are too expensive. B. She won't be able to get the book before class. C. The textbook she needs isn't in yet D. She hopes to get a good deal on some second-hand books. 6. A. Take the bus to the airport. B. Meet the Browns at the airport. C. Make a phone call to the Browns. D. Accompany the Browns to the airport 7. A. The woman will have a test B. The man will probably go to the movie. C. The man will have to sit for an exam. D. The woman wishes she could go to class with the man. 8. A. The results haven't come yet. B. The results were checked again last night. C. The woman needs another test tomorrow. D. The doctor hasn't come back from the lab. 9. A. Most neighbors are as noisy as the woman. B. Talking to the neighbors politely might be the best way C. He'd like to know why the woman is angry D. The woman is too polite for her neighbors. 10. A. He needs to buy another umbrella. B. It will rain much later in the week. C. It will probably rain tomorrow. D. The weather forecasters almost never agree. Section B Directions: In Section B. you will hear two short passages several and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of them. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. They used to be unable to listen to public debates. B. They were more patient and sociable then people now. C. They learned from political speeches. D. They used to think in terms of a printed text. 12. A. It makes people get ideas from images, not from written words. B. It has made the public less interested in politics. C. The quality of television programming has declined. D. Political programs on TV are too complex. 13. A. The environmental effects of consumerism. B. How consumer culture has made people unreasonable. C. How television has affected people's thinking ability. D. Television's damage to the environment Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. Some children already know how to do it. B. Some children find it more enjoyable than they expected to C. Some children refuse to take part. D. Some children prefer to swim or play table-tennis. 15. A. They seem grateful for their experience here. B. They complain if they cannot phone their parents. C. They miss meal times with their parents. D. The youngest ones find it hard to be away from home. 16. A. They should visit their children instead of phoning them B. They shouldn’t allow their children to bring phones to camp. C. They don`t need to keep on phoning the camp. D. They need to be reminded to phone their children. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. Five years. B. Three years C. Four years. D. Six years 18. A. The person who has the strong will. B. The person who has attended the adult school. C. The person who can work at computers quickly after a two-day training. D. The person who can pass the test of arithmetic. 19. A. The man's education. B. A new chance for everyone to be promoted. C. The man's pay raise. D. A career promotion for the man. 20. A. The man is eager to attend the training. B. The person is not very interested in this chance for promotion. C. The man has been training for computer work since last year. D. The man is not confident in his chance to be promoted to the Grade 7. II. Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分） Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Sweet Treat, Smart Choice Ice cream is one of life’s simple pleasures-a sweet, creamy delight that brings joy whether enjoyed as a refreshing dessert or a midday pick-me-up. While grabbing a tub from the store is easy, there’s 21 special about making your own. Not only is it surprisingly simple, but it also gives you complete control over what goes into it. 22 (imagine) making some with wholesome, nutrient-rich ingredients using natural sweeteners instead of processed sugars or using plant-based milk-all while keeping that irresistible smoothness and indulgent flavor. With homemade ice cream you’re not just making a treat, you’re creating a guilt-free moment of happiness, perfectly tailored to your tastes and health goals. The traditional recipe for ice cream 23 (consist) of milk, heavy cream, sugar, and at times, egg yolks, which help create its signature smoothness and deep flavor. Commercial varieties, however, frequently contain additives to refine texture and maintain stability. The process involves churning (搅拌) the mixture at high speeds 24 it reaches the desired creamy consistency. Delightful treat 25 ice cream undeniably is, its frequent consumption raises the question of balance in a healthy diet. This leads to an important consideration: While you could certainly enjoy a bit of ice cream every day, 26 you? From a nutritional perspective, moderation is key. According to dietary guidelines, sugar intake should be limited to no more than 10% of total daily calories, 27 amounts to 12 teaspoons for a standard 2,000-calorie diet. Regularly exceeding this limit can cause health concerns 28 ________weight gain and metabolic imbalances. That said, ice cream can still be part of a balanced diet when 29 (enjoy) mindfully. Making it at home allows for healthier ingredient choices: for instance, a simple homemade alternative can be made by blending frozen bananas with almond butter and a splash of milk for a naturally sweet and creamy treat. 30 opting for a traditional scoop or a nutritious homemade alternative, the key is moderation savoring the treat while ensuring it fits into an overall healthy eating pattern. Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．bare    B．characteristics    C． constant    D．due    E. identified    F. intended G. mistake    H. payments    I. reminders    J. undiagnosed    K. urge Shopping is a Nightmare (噩梦) For most of us, popping to the supermarket is a daily routine, but for Hannah Crawford it’s a task that can fill her with fear, who describes going to buy food as “like being a three-year-old in a sweet shop”. Crawford says it can be an overwhelming, frustrating and exhausting experience. One of the main challenges is “getting out without spending twice as much as you 31 ”, she says, which means making careful lists and resisting the constant 32 to impulse-buy. She is far from alone in feeling this way. She was diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (过动症) last summer, and is one of a growing number of UK adults with the condition. The total number is estimated to run into the millions, although most are 33 . Research lays 34 the challenges many with ADHD face when it comes to their personal finances, which found that those living with ADHD are four times more likely to frequently impulse-spend than those who do not have the condition. Crawford says she has a sense that most people have a “background programme running in their head — a(n) 35 awareness of what’s in their bank account, how much they have spent so far that day, and upcoming bills or subscription 36 . I don’t have any of those background programmes. Every time I open my bank account, it’s a total surprise to me.” As a result, she spends a lot of time living in her overdraft (透支) by 37 , which creates stress and anxiety. She likes to be able to label and categorize her outgoings, which keeps budgeting more interesting, providing the “dopamine hits” her brain needs to pay attention, and likes the fact she receives push notifications with 38 of how much she is spending throughout the day. Things such as parking tickets and payment deadlines can be particularly tricky. She says there are regular occasions when she becomes overwhelmed by a ticket or 39 date, and then the cost jumps. “It’s quite scary to feel not in control like that,” she says. Fortunately, digital banking tools designed to give users more control and provide greater “visibility” for their finances have been widely praised by many in the ADHD community. The most helpful banking features 40 included notifications about upcoming bills and places to set money aside such as savings pots. III. Reading Comprehension (41 – 55题，每题1分；56 – 70题，每题2分；共45分) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Friendly Laughter Most people can share a laugh with a total stranger. But there are subtle - and 41 -- differences in our laughs with friends. Greg Bryant, a cognitive scientist at the University of California, Los Angeles, and his colleagues previously found that adults from 24 societies around the world can distinguish simultaneous "co-laughter" between friends from that between strangers. The findings suggested that his ability may be 42 used to help read social interactions. So the researchers wondered: Can babies distinguish such laughter, too? Bryant and his fellow researcher Athena Vouloumanos, a developmental psychologist at New York University, played recording of co-laughter between 43 of either friends or strangers to 24 five-month-old infants in New York City. The babies listened 44 to the laughs shared between buddies - suggesting they could tell the two types apart, according to a study published in March in Scientific Reports. The researchers then showed the babies short videos of two people acting either like friends or strangers and paired those with the 45 recordings. The babies stared for longer at clips paired with a mismatched recording - for example, if they saw friends 46 but heard strangers laughing. "There's something about co-laughter that is giving 47 to even a five-month-old about the social relationship between the individuals," Bryant says. Exactly what components of laughter the infants are detecting remains to be seen, but prior work by Bryant's team provides 48 . Laughs between friends tend to include greater variations in pitch and 49 , for example. Such characteristics also distinguish 50 laughs from fake ones. Many scientists think heartfelt laughter most likely 51 from play vocalizations, which are also produced by nonhuman primates, rodents and other mammals. Fake laughter probably emerged later in humans, 52 that ability to produce a wide range of speech sounds. The researchers suggest that we may be 53 to spontaneous（自发的）laughter during development because of its long evolutionary history. It's really cool to see how early infants are distinguishing between different forms of laughter," says Adrienne Wood, a psychologist at the University of Virginia, who was not involved in the study. "Almost every 54 moment is a social interaction for babies. Therefore it 55 that they are becoming very much accustomed to their social worlds." 41．A．distinct B．invisible C．detectable D．conscious 42．A．universally B．apparently C．fairly D．precisely 43．A．groups B．pairs C．rivals D．partners 44．A．shorter B．longer C．less patiently D．more diligently 45．A．friendly B．strange C．visual D．audio 46．A．interacting B．reflecting C．clubbing D．interpreting 47．A．value B．meaning C．information D．friendship 48．A．accounts B．implications C．routes D．hints 49．A．engagement B．frequency C．intensity D．length 50．A．obliged B．involuntary C．encouraged D．internal 51．A．evolved B．heaped C．sprang D．originated 52．A．apart from B．along with C．as against D．ahead of 53．A．available B．crucial C．sensitive D．neutral 54．A．screaming B．kicking C．shifting D．waking 55．A．turns out B．comes true C．rings hollow D．makes sense Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) When I look back on my childhood, one aspect stands out in my memory: my love of history. I can remember a time when history hasn’t been a part of my life, and my passion for it was aroused in my earliest days. I was only two or three years old when my mum began to read me tales of King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table, and before long, they became a regular part of my bedtime routine. I was fascinated by the stories of the sword in the stone and the Holy Grail, and I was attracted by Lancelot and Guinevere. When I was four, though, I received a gift that would prove so inspirational that — without my knowledge at the time — it helped to steer the direction of my career: The Webtastic Illustrated British History Book. When my mum gave this to me, published in 1989, I doubt she thought much beyond the fact that it might open for me a gateway to something or someone other than King Arthur—and she was absolutely right. I vividly remember leafing through the pages and admiring the pictures — and then I came to one image that really captured my attention: Henry VIII and his six wives. The idea of a king who had married six times fascinated the infant me, and I used the book to memorize the classic rhyme about their fate: divorced, beheaded, died, divorced, beheaded, survived. Simply from viewing pictures of a king and his spouses, my love of the Tudors (都铎王朝) was born — and snowballed. That slim volume was my starting point, and soon it began to show signs of wear. I became determined to find out all I could about Henry VIII and his extraordinary family — a journey that I’m still undertaking to this day. If I hadn’t been given that book as a child, I’m certain that my career would’ve taken an entirely different direction. It was a small thing — but one that made a far-reaching impact. 56．Why did the mother give the author The Webtastic Illustrated British History Book? A．To make bedtime more enjoyable for the author. B．To encourage the author to pursue a career in history. C．To help the author understand the importance of reading. D．To introduce the author to other historical topics besides King Arthur. 57．Why does the author mention seeing the image of Henry VIII in the book? A．To describe her fascination with royal marriages. B．To show how this image excited her deep interest in history. C．To highlight how essential illustrations are in a children’s history book. D．To suggest that the image influenced her view of historical events. 58．Which piece of the following advice is the author most likely to give to parents? A．Expose children to history early on because it is important for their growth. B．Prioritize content over engaging illustrations when choosing books for children. C．Introduce children to academics to shape their future careers. D．Encourage children’s exploration of interests with resources. 59．Which of the following proverbs best reflects the main theme of the passage? A．A tiny flame can start a fire. B．You reap what you sow. C．Still waters run deep. D．The early bird catches the worm. (B) If you have no difficulty in understanding what native English speakers say in daily life, there is a whole new world of brilliant podcast (播客) series to explore. If you aren’t sure where to start, have a look at these: The Joc Rogan Experience     ★★★★★ The Joc Rogan Experience is a great learning device because of its interesting English conversations between Rogan and his guests. At the time of writing there have been over 1,660 episodes with subjects ranging from comedy and science to politics and sports. Rogan is also a famous stand-up comedian, so the show is full of cultural references and idioms. This American Life     ★★★★★ This American Life is a great choice for English learners who want an insight into the culture of the USA．It is a mixture of journalism and storytelling, focusing on real-life tales from citizens of all regions of the country. The stories are new and varied. One episode was taped for 24 hours in an all-night restaurant; another interviewed workers on strike. The Writer's Voice       ★★★★☆ The New Yorker is a famous American magazine, and every week it prints a new short story. In this podcast, the week's story is read aloud by its writer. The published work covers a wide range of life experiences across the United States and beyond. It's a great way to enjoy some of the best new fiction in the country. Overheard at National Geographic ★★★★★ National Geographic is a much-loved American magazine (and TV channel) famous for incredible stories and photography related to science and the environment. Overheard is about the discussions Nat Geo employees have had while taking breaks. Expect crazy stories from explorers, photographers, and scientists from around the world. 60．In order to fully enjoy these podcasts, you should________. A．have interaction with hosts B．have good English competence C．be interested in being a podcaster D．be familiar with American social life 61．Which podcast gives you more stories behind the scene? A．The Writer's Voice. B．This American Life. C．The Joe Rogan Experience. D．Overheard at National Geographic. 62．What do these podcasts have in common? A．They enjoy great popularity. B．Their stories are set in America. C．They are attached to magazines. D．Their works are updated weekly. (C Scientists know little about how sharks came to exist because of the way their skeletons are made. Sharks have skeletons (骨骼) mostly made of cartilage, a soft and flexible material that doesn’t fossilize (成为化石) well. As a result, sharks don’t leave clear remains like animals with hard bones. This means that shark skeletons don’t leave behind the same clear, lasting remains as animals with bony skeletons. ‌“Cartilage is a tricky material,” explains John Maisey, a scientist at the American Museum of Natural History in New York. For centuries, scientists have tried to piece together the history of sharks but could only make educated guesses that sharks might have come from fish with actual bones. However, a recent breakthrough has opened up new possibilities for understanding where sharks came from. Using advanced CT scanning technology, Maisey and his team examined the only known fossil of an ancient fish called Doliodus problematicus. This fossil is 400 million years old and was first discovered in the mid-1990s in Canada. For years, researchers could only study it from the outside, but in 2014, new CT scanning technology allowed them to look deeper into its structure without damaging it. What they found could be a missing link in the shark evolution puzzle. The scan revealed surprising details. Unlike modern sharks, which are smooth and lack external spines (棘刺), the Doliodus fossil had spines along its back and near its lower body. These spines were similar to those found in an older type of fish with both bony and shark-like characteristics. It also had jaws and teeth like those of modern sharks, showing a mix of features from early bony fish and today’s sharks. This makes Doliodus an important connection between two groups of fish, offering new clues about shark evolution. “This is a major discovery,” says Michael Coates, an evolutionary biologist at the University of Chicago. Coates believes that these findings support the idea that acanthodians, the ancient group with both bony and shark-like characteristics, could represent an important step in the early development of sharks. Maisey’s research encourages scientists to revisit acanthodians, an extinct group of fish with both bony and shark-like features. These ancient creatures are thought to represent a transitional stage in fish evolution, potentially reshaping what we know about the origins of sharks. 63．Main Idea: What is the passage primarily about? A．Finding a new shark species with advanced technology. B．The role of sharks in the extinction of ancient fish species. C．An important discovery in understanding how sharks evolved. D．Efforts to uncover the origins of sharks through fossil research. 64．Why is it tricky to study the evolution of sharks? A．Their skeletons rarely endure over time. B．Their remains are hard to find in ancient rock layers. C．Their evolutionary history is too recent to be understood. D．Their bones have been confused with those of other fish species. 65．What is the significance of the Doliodus problematicus fossil? A．It confirms that sharks evolved mainly from acanthodians. B．It suggests that ancient sharks lacked both jaws and spines. C．It proves that sharks are directly related to modern bony fish. D．It shows a connection between early bony fish and modern sharks. 66．How is the passage organized? A．By describing several fossils before focusing on Doliodus. B．By comparing features of sharks and acanthodians in detail. C．By explaining the difficulties in studying sharks and sharing new findings. D．By summarizing past research on ancient fish without introducing new insights. Section C Directions: Read the following passages. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Why California is burning For decades, environmentalists have warned that the world is going to burn. Mostly, they meant it figuratively. But footage (影像片段) of fires sweeping through the Amazon forest, parts of Australia and now, once again, California, makes it easy to believe the planet is, literally, on fire. So far this year, California has seen more than 2.5m acres burned and more than 3,700 structures destroyed. With over three months remaining of this year's fire season, few doubt the state is facing its worst yet. The fires themselves cannot be stopped; they are fueled by climate change layered on top of an ecosystem that burns regularly as part of its natural cycle. Hotter temperatures and drier landscapes mean more fires. 67 . It has made itself more vulnerable with out-of-date regulations and self-defeating policies. California does deserve credit for being the only American state to have adopted fire-safe building codes for what is known as the “wildland-urban interface”, where houses are sparsely dotted through tall, flammable (易燃的) trees and vegetation, often on steep slopes that flames can race up. Evidence suggests the codes do help limit damage. However, they apply only to new structures. 68 . Nor are there subsidies or other motivations to nudge people and firms to take on the heavy, complicated and expensive task of making buildings safe. Furthermore, the codes date back to 2008 and have not yet been updated to include the latest science on why buildings burn. 69 . Today, landscapers can still draw up designs where bark mulch — an almost perfect fuel — is laid down around a home, office, or even hospital. Fire-risk maps and zoning, which determine who must follow building codes, are in desperate need of a rethink. Among other things, they consider urbanized areas “unburnable”, which ignores science showing that the majority of buildings catch fire when flying embers (余烬) are blown a mile or more away from the flaming vegetation. 70 . When Coffey Park in Santa Rosa was destroyed by wildfire in 2017, the city vowed to rebuild better, but it hesitated because of unfounded fears that being fire-safe would be a lot more costly. Strict fire codes were not enforced, and the community once more had to evacuate during a fire in 2019 rather than shelter-in-place. No wonder California is caught in a burn-rebuild-burn-again cycle. The fires are not going away. But if state leaders rethought their misguided policies, they would at least wreak less havoc. A．However, much of California’s mess nowadays is of its-own-making. B．They also do nothing about the need to improve most of the existing houses and other properties. C．California has failed to encourage homeowners to move out of the most dangerous areas. D．As a result, communities that are at risk from wildfires are not held to fire-safety rules — sometimes with very serious consequences. E．On September 7th, a utility serving northern California shut off the power supply to tens of thousands of homes. F．That includes strong evidence that the first five feet around a structure are key to its defense but all too often consist of flammable materials. IV. Summary Writing (10分) Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. How Ants May Save You from Traffic Jams The free flow of traffic becomes unstable as the density of cars increases on a highway. At 15 vehicles per mile per lane, one driver tapping their brakes can trigger a persistent wave of congestion “It’s a kind of phase transition,” like water turning from a liquid to a solid form, says Katsuhiro Nishinari, a physicist at the University of Tokyo, who studies these jamming transitions. Nishinari’s previous research had shown that foraging (觅食的) ants can maintain their flow even at high densities. In a recent study, researchers recorded Ochetellus ants on foraging trails and used traffic-engineering models to analyze their movement. They found that the ants don’t jam because they travel in groups of three to 20 that move at nearly constant rates while keeping good distances between one another — and they don’t speed up to pass others. Self-driving cars, if they one day become common, could have more cooperative programming. In one vision of this future, autonomous vehicles would share information with nearby cars to optimize traffic flow perhaps, the researchers suggests, by prioritizing constant speeds or by not passing others on the road. “There is no leader,” but this organization emerges anyway. And in both ant and vehicle traffic this type of distributed system can be “very, very strong” and resilient, Nishinari says. “Still, ants can forge trails as wide as they like, unlike drivers stuck on highways. The insects do sometimes jam up when confined in tunnels, but to keep things moving, they’ll find a way to walk on the ceiling” she says. Today’s drivers can learn at least one thing from ants to avoid causing a traffic jam, Nishinari says: don’t drive too closely behind another vehicle. By leaving room between their car and the one ahead of them, drivers can absorb a wave of braking in dense traffic conditions that would otherwise be amplified (放大) into a full-blown “phantom” traffic jam with no obvious cause. “Just keeping away,” he says, can help traffic flow smoothly. 71.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ V. Translation (第1-2句，每句3分；第3句，4分；第4句5分；共15分) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 72数字化工具在建筑行业的应用越来越广泛。（there be） 73．在这张导览图上，十几种便民服务用不同颜色标注了出来。(mark) 74来自全国各地的选手在空中放飞风筝，争相展示他们的风筝技艺和创新风格。(display) 75既要让森林与城市融合，更要让市民充分参与并享受绿色城市的氛围，与自然和谐共生。(It) VI. Guided Writing （25分） Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 76．Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 学校科技节将举办“青少年数字素养”主题论坛（Forum on Teenage Digital Literacy），请作为高三年级的张明写一篇演讲稿： 1.结合一次个人经历，谈谈数字技术带来的便利；​ 2.分享一条你认为重要的网络信息辨别方法。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 试卷第2页，共29页 试卷第1页，共29页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $Listening comprehension section a short conversations directions in section a, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said, the conversations and the questions will be spoken only once after you hear a conversation and the question about IT, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have ve heard. One is very nice of you to invite me. I'm very glad you could come. mr. Smith, will you take a seat at the head of the table? Question, what is the probable relationship between the two speakers? Two, hey, there will be a program on channel seven at eight. You might like it's about cat. I haven't heard about IT, but you're right. I am interested in IT question. What will the woman probably do? Three, i've almost finished typing my homework paper. Tell me when it's ready. I'd like to see . IT question, what does the man want to do? For I don't think it's a good idea to spend more time chatting online. I mean, IT is really a waste of time. well, but I think sometimes chatting online can help you to reduce your stress and make you feel a little bit relaxed. Question, who is in favor of chatting online? Five, the university bookstore opens at nine in the morning. Oh yeah, I need a textbook for eight o clock class today. Tion, what does the woman mean? Six, hello, dear, are you still busy? The Browns have to leave for the airport in twenty minutes. Okay, one more phone call and i'll be ready to leave. Question, what are they going to do? Seven, I have to go to class because I have a test, but if I could, i'd go with you to the movie. That's too bad. I wish you could come along. Question, what can we learn from the conversation? Eight, hello, this is mary. I'm calling to see if my blood test results are in. Doctor Smith just sent them to the lab last night, so the earliest time they could be back is tomorrow morning. Question, what does the man mean? Nine, i'm going to tell the neighbour of mine to turn down the music. One, stand for all. I see why you are angry, but i've always found the polite route is the most effective question. What does the man mean? Ten, is this supposed to rain tomorrow? If you . believe the weather broadcast, we'd Better bring our umbrella question. what does the man mean? Section b directions in section b, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of them. The passengers and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you've heard. Questions eleven through thirteen are based on the following passage. There's a book I have to recommend to anyone interested in the state of our consumer society. It's called amusing ourselves to death by neil postman. Postman doesn't go through all the environmental effects of consumerism, the damage to the ecology, or whatever he focuses instead on how society y's addiction to television is slowly destroying our ability to think and reason. An example he gives is the way that politicians speak. One hundred fifty years ago in the us, people listening to public debates were accustomed to hearing in processing complex ideas in paragraphing c sentences. Today, however, most politicians speak in very simple, short sentences because the public cannot pay attention to anything longer. Postman believes this on the shift from a tax based reading society to ATV viewing society. Before TV, people spoke and thought in terms of the printed word. But these days people can do that because TV had taught them to get ideas in the form of pictures, not words. Now, listen to you again. There's a book I have to recommend to anyone interested in the state of our consumer society. It's called amusing ourselves to death by a neil postman. Postman doesn't go through all the environmental effects of consumerism, the damage to the ecology or whatever. He focuses instead on how society y's addiction to television is slowly destroying our ability to think and reason. An example he gives is the way that politicians speak. One hundred fifty years ago in the us, people listening to public debates were accustomed hearing in processing complex ideas in paragraphing c sentences. Today, however, most politicians speak in very simple short sentences because the public cannot pay attention to anything longer. Postman believes this on the shift from a tax based reading society to AT. V viewing society. Before TV, people spoke and taught in terms of the printed word. But these days people can do that because TV had taught them to get ideas in the form of pictures, not words. Question eleven, what was different about people one hundred and fifty years ago? Question twelve, why does the speaker say television is responsible for the change? Question thirteen, what is the book about? Questions fourteen through sixteen are based on the following passage. Every year, I work at a summer camp for kids, and I really enjoy seeing the children do things they never thought they could do. Nearly all the kids know how to swim and play table tennis before they come, but things like rock climbing are new experiences for most. Some of them are very nervous, but after a bit of encouragement, they agreed to try, and they all get to the top in the end, which makes them feel great. The kids stay several weeks and some do miss home. You might expect you to be the really Young ones who feel like that the most, but it's actually the ten to thirteen year olds. We don't let them use their mobile phones all the time. First, we tell them they can file home after lunch. Then when they ask again, usually after dinner, we say it's a bit too late to phone and suggest doing IT the next day. Most children are fine in a couple of days, and at the end of their day, it's amazing how many come and thinkers, because they have had a great time, is not just the children who get lonely. We get parents who are on the phone the whole time asking how their child is getting on, which is quite necessary. Often their son or daughter will be busy playing games or doing something else. So we have to tell parents, ring back another time. Some kids arrive dressing smart, designer new clothes. And they sometimes argue. When we tell them to change into something, they want mind getting dirty. But before long they realized. ed, what we mean? Now listen to IT again. Every year, I work at a summer camp for kids, and I really enjoy seeing the children do things they never thought they could do. Nearly all the kids know how to swim and play table tennis before they come. But things like rock climbing are new experiences for most. Some of them are very nervous, but after a bit of encouragement, they agreed to try, and they all get to the top in the end, which makes them feel great. The kids stay several weeks, and some do miss home. You might expect you to be the really Young ones who feel like that the most, but it's actually the ten to thirteen year olds. We don't let them use their mobile phones all the time. First we tell them they can form home after lunch. Then when they ask again, usually after dinner, we say it's a bit too late to phone and suggest doing IT the next day. Most children are fine in a couple of days, and at the end of their day, it's amazing how many come. And thinkers, because they have had a great time, is not just the children who get lonely. We get parents who are on the phone the whole time asking how their child is getting on, which is quite necessary. Often their son or daughter will be busy playing games or doing something else. So we have to tell parents, ring back another time. Some kids arrive dressing smart, designer new clothes, and they sometimes argue, when we tell them to change into something, they one mind getting dirty, but before long they realize what we mean. Question fourteen, what does the speaker say about rock climbing at the camp? Question fifteen, what surprises the speaker about the children who stay at the camp? Question sixteen, what does the speaker think about some parents? Questions seventeen through twenty are based on the following conversation. Good morning, mr. smith. You want to see me? Yes, tom, let's review what you've done so far. You were hired as a male clerk about five years ago. We have learned a lot since then. Haven't you sure I learned more about the company because I went around to different offices? Then I was promoted to a male distribution clerk. That's two grades higher than the mental clerk. So I skipped a grade. I went from grade one to grade three. Did you like that job? Yeah, my pay went up. And every year I moved up a step. Every time I moved up a step, I got a pay raise. You were a boss right? After three years, the manager said he wanted to help me move up. They gave me a little test of arithmetic and some typing. You did well on the test. Yes, I did well because I studied at an adult school and I practiced at home before the test. So I got this job as a senior clerk. I'm a grade five now. Well, tom, here's another chance to be promoted. We will give everybody two days of training on computers. The people who learn quickly can go to school for more training. Do you mean going to school on company time? Go to school instead of coming to work? Yes, because IT will help you in your work. Later, you can be promoted to production programming after you've learned to use computer. The jobs starts at great seven. Well, i'd like to think about IT for a few days. Maybe I should stay where I am now. Now listen to you again. Good morning, mr. smith. You want to see me? Yes, tom, let's review what you've done. So far. You were hired as a male clerk about five years ago. We have learned a lot since then. Haven't true. sure. I learned more about the company because I went around to different offices. Then I was promoted to a male distribution clerk. That's two grades higher than the mental clerk. So I skipped a grade. I went from grade . one to grade three. Did you like that job? yeah. My pay went up. And every year I moved up a step. Every time I moved up a step, I got a pay raise. You were a boss . right after three years, the manager said he wanted to help me move up. They gave me a little test of arithmetic and some typing. You did well on the test. I did well because I studied at an adult school and I practiced at home before the test. So I got this job as a senior clerk. I'm a grade five now. Well. tom, here's another chance to be promoted. We will give everybody two days of training on computers. The people who learn quickly can go to school for more training. Do you mean going to school on company time, go to school instead of . coming to work? Yes, because IT will help you in your work later. You can be promoted to production programing after you've learned to use computer. The jobs starts at . great seven. Well, i'd like to think about IT for a few days. Maybe I should stay . where I am now in seventeen. How many years did you take the man to move up to? great. five. Question eighteen, who can get the chance to go to school for more training? Question nineteen, what is mainly discussed in the conversation? Questioned twenty what can be inferred from the conversation. This is the end of listening comprehension. 【灿烂六月·高考金8卷】 备战2026年高考英语模拟卷（上海卷01） 参考答案及评分标准 I． Listening Comprehension （25%） Section A(10x1) 1-5. BADCB 6-10.DCABC Section B(10x1.5) 11-13. DAC 14-16. BAC 17-20.ACDB II．Grammar and Vocabulary （20%） Section A 21．nothing 22．Imagine 23．consists 24．until/before 25．as/though 26．should 27．which 28．such as 29．enjoyed 30．Whether Section B 31．F 32．K 33．J 34．A 35．C 36．H 37．G 38．I 39．D 40．E III．Reading Comprehension （45%） Section A 41．C 42．A 43．B 44．B 45．D 46．A 47．C 48．D 49．C 50．B 51．A 52．B 53．C 54．D 55．D Section B 56．D 57．B 58．D 59．A 60．B 61．D 62．A 63．C 64．A 65．D 66．C Section C 67．A 68．B 69．F 70．D IV．概要写作（10%） One possible version: Highway traffic tends to get congested as car density increases. However, foraging ants can maintain smooth flow even at high densities by moving in groups with constant speeds, proper distances, and no overtaking. Self-driving cars can draw on this pattern, and today’s drivers should also keep a safe distance from the vehicle ahead to ensure traffic flows smoothly. V. Translation （15%） 【答案】There is an increasingly wide application of digital tools in the construction industry. 【答案】In this guide map, more than a dozen convenience services are marked in different colors. 【答案】Participants from all over the country flew kites in the air, competing to display their kite-flying skills and innovative styles. 【答案】It is essential to integrate forests with the city and, more importantly, to encourage citizens to fully enjoy the atmosphere of a green city, living in harmony with nature. VI. Guided Writing （25%） Dear teachers and fellow students, It’s a great honor to stand here. As Gen Z, we live with digital tech, which means embracing its benefits and handling its complexities. Last winter, our physics class tackled electromagnetism — a topic that left me confused. Then I stumbled upon an educational platform offering 3D animations, with the help of which I not only passed the quiz but also helped three classmates grasp the concepts. Yet convenience comes with risks, which is why developing information discernment is vital. One crucial method is to prioritize authoritative sources when evaluating online information. Last week a post claiming “drastic college entrance exam reforms” spread rapidly. Following this rule, I checked the Ministry of Education’s official website — no such announcement existed. It was a three-year-old hoax. This process helped calm my classmates’ anxieties. Let’s ride the wave of technology, but keep our compass of critical thinking sharp. Thank you. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $………………○………………外………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… ………………○………………内………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… 此卷只装订不密封 ………………○………………内………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… ………………○………………外………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… … 学校：______________姓名：_____________班级：_______________考号：______________________ 【灿烂六月 · 高考金8卷】 备战2026年高考英语模拟卷（上海卷01） （考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：140分） 注意事项： 1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。 2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 I.Listening Comprehension （第1-10题, 每题1分；第11-20题，每题1.5分；共25分） Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. Husband and wife. B. Guest and hostess C. Customer and waitress. D. Boss and employee. 2. A. Watch the program on TV. B. Call the TV station. C. Meet the man at the cat exhibition D. Look for cats with the man. 3. A. Borrow the typewriter. B. Visit the woman. C. Go home soon. D. Read the woman's paper. 4. A. The man. B. Both. C. The woman. D. Neither. 5. A. The books there are too expensive. B. She won't be able to get the book before class. C. The textbook she needs isn't in yet D. She hopes to get a good deal on some second-hand books. 6. A. Take the bus to the airport. B. Meet the Browns at the airport. C. Make a phone call to the Browns. D. Accompany the Browns to the airport 7. A. The woman will have a test B. The man will probably go to the movie. C. The man will have to sit for an exam. D. The woman wishes she could go to class with the man. 8. A. The results haven't come yet. B. The results were checked again last night. C. The woman needs another test tomorrow. D. The doctor hasn't come back from the lab. 9. A. Most neighbors are as noisy as the woman. B. Talking to the neighbors politely might be the best way C. He'd like to know why the woman is angry D. The woman is too polite for her neighbors. 10. A. He needs to buy another umbrella. B. It will rain much later in the week. C. It will probably rain tomorrow. D. The weather forecasters almost never agree. Section B Directions: In Section B. you will hear two short passages several and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of them. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. They used to be unable to listen to public debates. B. They were more patient and sociable then people now. C. They learned from political speeches. D. They used to think in terms of a printed text. 12. A. It makes people get ideas from images, not from written words. B. It has made the public less interested in politics. C. The quality of television programming has declined. D. Political programs on TV are too complex. 13. A. The environmental effects of consumerism. B. How consumer culture has made people unreasonable. C. How television has affected people's thinking ability. D. Television's damage to the environment Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. Some children already know how to do it. B. Some children find it more enjoyable than they expected to C. Some children refuse to take part. D. Some children prefer to swim or play table-tennis. 15. A. They seem grateful for their experience here. B. They complain if they cannot phone their parents. C. They miss meal times with their parents. D. The youngest ones find it hard to be away from home. 16. A. They should visit their children instead of phoning them B. They shouldn’t allow their children to bring phones to camp. C. They don`t need to keep on phoning the camp. D. They need to be reminded to phone their children. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. Five years. B. Three years C. Four years. D. Six years 18. A. The person who has the strong will. B. The person who has attended the adult school. C. The person who can work at computers quickly after a two-day training. D. The person who can pass the test of arithmetic. 19. A. The man's education. B. A new chance for everyone to be promoted. C. The man's pay raise. D. A career promotion for the man. 20. A. The man is eager to attend the training. B. The person is not very interested in this chance for promotion. C. The man has been training for computer work since last year. D. The man is not confident in his chance to be promoted to the Grade 7. II. Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分） Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Sweet Treat, Smart Choice Ice cream is one of life’s simple pleasures-a sweet, creamy delight that brings joy whether enjoyed as a refreshing dessert or a midday pick-me-up. While grabbing a tub from the store is easy, there’s 21 special about making your own. Not only is it surprisingly simple, but it also gives you complete control over what goes into it. 22 (imagine) making some with wholesome, nutrient-rich ingredients using natural sweeteners instead of processed sugars or using plant-based milk-all while keeping that irresistible smoothness and indulgent flavor. With homemade ice cream you’re not just making a treat, you’re creating a guilt-free moment of happiness, perfectly tailored to your tastes and health goals. The traditional recipe for ice cream 23 (consist) of milk, heavy cream, sugar, and at times, egg yolks, which help create its signature smoothness and deep flavor. Commercial varieties, however, frequently contain additives to refine texture and maintain stability. The process involves churning (搅拌) the mixture at high speeds 24 it reaches the desired creamy consistency. Delightful treat 25 ice cream undeniably is, its frequent consumption raises the question of balance in a healthy diet. This leads to an important consideration: While you could certainly enjoy a bit of ice cream every day, 26 you? From a nutritional perspective, moderation is key. According to dietary guidelines, sugar intake should be limited to no more than 10% of total daily calories, 27 amounts to 12 teaspoons for a standard 2,000-calorie diet. Regularly exceeding this limit can cause health concerns 28 ________weight gain and metabolic imbalances. That said, ice cream can still be part of a balanced diet when 29 (enjoy) mindfully. Making it at home allows for healthier ingredient choices: for instance, a simple homemade alternative can be made by blending frozen bananas with almond butter and a splash of milk for a naturally sweet and creamy treat. 30 opting for a traditional scoop or a nutritious homemade alternative, the key is moderation savoring the treat while ensuring it fits into an overall healthy eating pattern. Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．bare    B．characteristics    C． constant    D．due    E. identified    F. intended G. mistake    H. payments    I. reminders    J. undiagnosed    K. urge Shopping is a Nightmare (噩梦) For most of us, popping to the supermarket is a daily routine, but for Hannah Crawford it’s a task that can fill her with fear, who describes going to buy food as “like being a three-year-old in a sweet shop”. Crawford says it can be an overwhelming, frustrating and exhausting experience. One of the main challenges is “getting out without spending twice as much as you 31 ”, she says, which means making careful lists and resisting the constant 32 to impulse-buy. She is far from alone in feeling this way. She was diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (过动症) last summer, and is one of a growing number of UK adults with the condition. The total number is estimated to run into the millions, although most are 33 . Research lays 34 the challenges many with ADHD face when it comes to their personal finances, which found that those living with ADHD are four times more likely to frequently impulse-spend than those who do not have the condition. Crawford says she has a sense that most people have a “background programme running in their head — a(n) 35 awareness of what’s in their bank account, how much they have spent so far that day, and upcoming bills or subscription 36 . I don’t have any of those background programmes. Every time I open my bank account, it’s a total surprise to me.” As a result, she spends a lot of time living in her overdraft (透支) by 37 , which creates stress and anxiety. She likes to be able to label and categorize her outgoings, which keeps budgeting more interesting, providing the “dopamine hits” her brain needs to pay attention, and likes the fact she receives push notifications with 38 of how much she is spending throughout the day. Things such as parking tickets and payment deadlines can be particularly tricky. She says there are regular occasions when she becomes overwhelmed by a ticket or 39 date, and then the cost jumps. “It’s quite scary to feel not in control like that,” she says. Fortunately, digital banking tools designed to give users more control and provide greater “visibility” for their finances have been widely praised by many in the ADHD community. The most helpful banking features 40 included notifications about upcoming bills and places to set money aside such as savings pots. III. Reading Comprehension (41 – 55题，每题1分；56 – 70题，每题2分；共45分) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Friendly Laughter Most people can share a laugh with a total stranger. But there are subtle - and 41 -- differences in our laughs with friends. Greg Bryant, a cognitive scientist at the University of California, Los Angeles, and his colleagues previously found that adults from 24 societies around the world can distinguish simultaneous "co-laughter" between friends from that between strangers. The findings suggested that his ability may be 42 used to help read social interactions. So the researchers wondered: Can babies distinguish such laughter, too? Bryant and his fellow researcher Athena Vouloumanos, a developmental psychologist at New York University, played recording of co-laughter between 43 of either friends or strangers to 24 five-month-old infants in New York City. The babies listened 44 to the laughs shared between buddies - suggesting they could tell the two types apart, according to a study published in March in Scientific Reports. The researchers then showed the babies short videos of two people acting either like friends or strangers and paired those with the 45 recordings. The babies stared for longer at clips paired with a mismatched recording - for example, if they saw friends 46 but heard strangers laughing. "There's something about co-laughter that is giving 47 to even a five-month-old about the social relationship between the individuals," Bryant says. Exactly what components of laughter the infants are detecting remains to be seen, but prior work by Bryant's team provides 48 . Laughs between friends tend to include greater variations in pitch and 49 , for example. Such characteristics also distinguish 50 laughs from fake ones. Many scientists think heartfelt laughter most likely 51 from play vocalizations, which are also produced by nonhuman primates, rodents and other mammals. Fake laughter probably emerged later in humans, 52 that ability to produce a wide range of speech sounds. The researchers suggest that we may be 53 to spontaneous（自发的）laughter during development because of its long evolutionary history. It's really cool to see how early infants are distinguishing between different forms of laughter," says Adrienne Wood, a psychologist at the University of Virginia, who was not involved in the study. "Almost every 54 moment is a social interaction for babies. Therefore it 55 that they are becoming very much accustomed to their social worlds." 41．A．distinct B．invisible C．detectable D．conscious 42．A．universally B．apparently C．fairly D．precisely 43．A．groups B．pairs C．rivals D．partners 44．A．shorter B．longer C．less patiently D．more diligently 45．A．friendly B．strange C．visual D．audio 46．A．interacting B．reflecting C．clubbing D．interpreting 47．A．value B．meaning C．information D．friendship 48．A．accounts B．implications C．routes D．hints 49．A．engagement B．frequency C．intensity D．length 50．A．obliged B．involuntary C．encouraged D．internal 51．A．evolved B．heaped C．sprang D．originated 52．A．apart from B．along with C．as against D．ahead of 53．A．available B．crucial C．sensitive D．neutral 54．A．screaming B．kicking C．shifting D．waking 55．A．turns out B．comes true C．rings hollow D．makes sense Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) When I look back on my childhood, one aspect stands out in my memory: my love of history. I can remember a time when history hasn’t been a part of my life, and my passion for it was aroused in my earliest days. I was only two or three years old when my mum began to read me tales of King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table, and before long, they became a regular part of my bedtime routine. I was fascinated by the stories of the sword in the stone and the Holy Grail, and I was attracted by Lancelot and Guinevere. When I was four, though, I received a gift that would prove so inspirational that — without my knowledge at the time — it helped to steer the direction of my career: The Webtastic Illustrated British History Book. When my mum gave this to me, published in 1989, I doubt she thought much beyond the fact that it might open for me a gateway to something or someone other than King Arthur—and she was absolutely right. I vividly remember leafing through the pages and admiring the pictures — and then I came to one image that really captured my attention: Henry VIII and his six wives. The idea of a king who had married six times fascinated the infant me, and I used the book to memorize the classic rhyme about their fate: divorced, beheaded, died, divorced, beheaded, survived. Simply from viewing pictures of a king and his spouses, my love of the Tudors (都铎王朝) was born — and snowballed. That slim volume was my starting point, and soon it began to show signs of wear. I became determined to find out all I could about Henry VIII and his extraordinary family — a journey that I’m still undertaking to this day. If I hadn’t been given that book as a child, I’m certain that my career would’ve taken an entirely different direction. It was a small thing — but one that made a far-reaching impact. 56．Why did the mother give the author The Webtastic Illustrated British History Book? A．To make bedtime more enjoyable for the author. B．To encourage the author to pursue a career in history. C．To help the author understand the importance of reading. D．To introduce the author to other historical topics besides King Arthur. 57．Why does the author mention seeing the image of Henry VIII in the book? A．To describe her fascination with royal marriages. B．To show how this image excited her deep interest in history. C．To highlight how essential illustrations are in a children’s history book. D．To suggest that the image influenced her view of historical events. 58．Which piece of the following advice is the author most likely to give to parents? A．Expose children to history early on because it is important for their growth. B．Prioritize content over engaging illustrations when choosing books for children. C．Introduce children to academics to shape their future careers. D．Encourage children’s exploration of interests with resources. 59．Which of the following proverbs best reflects the main theme of the passage? A．A tiny flame can start a fire. B．You reap what you sow. C．Still waters run deep. D．The early bird catches the worm. (B) If you have no difficulty in understanding what native English speakers say in daily life, there is a whole new world of brilliant podcast (播客) series to explore. If you aren’t sure where to start, have a look at these: The Joc Rogan Experience     ★★★★★ The Joc Rogan Experience is a great learning device because of its interesting English conversations between Rogan and his guests. At the time of writing there have been over 1,660 episodes with subjects ranging from comedy and science to politics and sports. Rogan is also a famous stand-up comedian, so the show is full of cultural references and idioms. This American Life     ★★★★★ This American Life is a great choice for English learners who want an insight into the culture of the USA．It is a mixture of journalism and storytelling, focusing on real-life tales from citizens of all regions of the country. The stories are new and varied. One episode was taped for 24 hours in an all-night restaurant; another interviewed workers on strike. The Writer's Voice       ★★★★☆ The New Yorker is a famous American magazine, and every week it prints a new short story. In this podcast, the week's story is read aloud by its writer. The published work covers a wide range of life experiences across the United States and beyond. It's a great way to enjoy some of the best new fiction in the country. Overheard at National Geographic ★★★★★ National Geographic is a much-loved American magazine (and TV channel) famous for incredible stories and photography related to science and the environment. Overheard is about the discussions Nat Geo employees have had while taking breaks. Expect crazy stories from explorers, photographers, and scientists from around the world. 60．In order to fully enjoy these podcasts, you should________. A．have interaction with hosts B．have good English competence C．be interested in being a podcaster D．be familiar with American social life 61．Which podcast gives you more stories behind the scene? A．The Writer's Voice. B．This American Life. C．The Joe Rogan Experience. D．Overheard at National Geographic. 62．What do these podcasts have in common? A．They enjoy great popularity. B．Their stories are set in America. C．They are attached to magazines. D．Their works are updated weekly. (C Scientists know little about how sharks came to exist because of the way their skeletons are made. Sharks have skeletons (骨骼) mostly made of cartilage, a soft and flexible material that doesn’t fossilize (成为化石) well. As a result, sharks don’t leave clear remains like animals with hard bones. This means that shark skeletons don’t leave behind the same clear, lasting remains as animals with bony skeletons. ‌“Cartilage is a tricky material,” explains John Maisey, a scientist at the American Museum of Natural History in New York. For centuries, scientists have tried to piece together the history of sharks but could only make educated guesses that sharks might have come from fish with actual bones. However, a recent breakthrough has opened up new possibilities for understanding where sharks came from. Using advanced CT scanning technology, Maisey and his team examined the only known fossil of an ancient fish called Doliodus problematicus. This fossil is 400 million years old and was first discovered in the mid-1990s in Canada. For years, researchers could only study it from the outside, but in 2014, new CT scanning technology allowed them to look deeper into its structure without damaging it. What they found could be a missing link in the shark evolution puzzle. The scan revealed surprising details. Unlike modern sharks, which are smooth and lack external spines (棘刺), the Doliodus fossil had spines along its back and near its lower body. These spines were similar to those found in an older type of fish with both bony and shark-like characteristics. It also had jaws and teeth like those of modern sharks, showing a mix of features from early bony fish and today’s sharks. This makes Doliodus an important connection between two groups of fish, offering new clues about shark evolution. “This is a major discovery,” says Michael Coates, an evolutionary biologist at the University of Chicago. Coates believes that these findings support the idea that acanthodians, the ancient group with both bony and shark-like characteristics, could represent an important step in the early development of sharks. Maisey’s research encourages scientists to revisit acanthodians, an extinct group of fish with both bony and shark-like features. These ancient creatures are thought to represent a transitional stage in fish evolution, potentially reshaping what we know about the origins of sharks. 63．Main Idea: What is the passage primarily about? A．Finding a new shark species with advanced technology. B．The role of sharks in the extinction of ancient fish species. C．An important discovery in understanding how sharks evolved. D．Efforts to uncover the origins of sharks through fossil research. 64．Why is it tricky to study the evolution of sharks? A．Their skeletons rarely endure over time. B．Their remains are hard to find in ancient rock layers. C．Their evolutionary history is too recent to be understood. D．Their bones have been confused with those of other fish species. 65．What is the significance of the Doliodus problematicus fossil? A．It confirms that sharks evolved mainly from acanthodians. B．It suggests that ancient sharks lacked both jaws and spines. C．It proves that sharks are directly related to modern bony fish. D．It shows a connection between early bony fish and modern sharks. 66．How is the passage organized? A．By describing several fossils before focusing on Doliodus. B．By comparing features of sharks and acanthodians in detail. C．By explaining the difficulties in studying sharks and sharing new findings. D．By summarizing past research on ancient fish without introducing new insights. Section C Directions: Read the following passages. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Why California is burning For decades, environmentalists have warned that the world is going to burn. Mostly, they meant it figuratively. But footage (影像片段) of fires sweeping through the Amazon forest, parts of Australia and now, once again, California, makes it easy to believe the planet is, literally, on fire. So far this year, California has seen more than 2.5m acres burned and more than 3,700 structures destroyed. With over three months remaining of this year's fire season, few doubt the state is facing its worst yet. The fires themselves cannot be stopped; they are fueled by climate change layered on top of an ecosystem that burns regularly as part of its natural cycle. Hotter temperatures and drier landscapes mean more fires. 67 . It has made itself more vulnerable with out-of-date regulations and self-defeating policies. California does deserve credit for being the only American state to have adopted fire-safe building codes for what is known as the “wildland-urban interface”, where houses are sparsely dotted through tall, flammable (易燃的) trees and vegetation, often on steep slopes that flames can race up. Evidence suggests the codes do help limit damage. However, they apply only to new structures. 68 . Nor are there subsidies or other motivations to nudge people and firms to take on the heavy, complicated and expensive task of making buildings safe. Furthermore, the codes date back to 2008 and have not yet been updated to include the latest science on why buildings burn. 69 . Today, landscapers can still draw up designs where bark mulch — an almost perfect fuel — is laid down around a home, office, or even hospital. Fire-risk maps and zoning, which determine who must follow building codes, are in desperate need of a rethink. Among other things, they consider urbanized areas “unburnable”, which ignores science showing that the majority of buildings catch fire when flying embers (余烬) are blown a mile or more away from the flaming vegetation. 70 . When Coffey Park in Santa Rosa was destroyed by wildfire in 2017, the city vowed to rebuild better, but it hesitated because of unfounded fears that being fire-safe would be a lot more costly. Strict fire codes were not enforced, and the community once more had to evacuate during a fire in 2019 rather than shelter-in-place. No wonder California is caught in a burn-rebuild-burn-again cycle. The fires are not going away. But if state leaders rethought their misguided policies, they would at least wreak less havoc. A．However, much of California’s mess nowadays is of its-own-making. B．They also do nothing about the need to improve most of the existing houses and other properties. C．California has failed to encourage homeowners to move out of the most dangerous areas. D．As a result, communities that are at risk from wildfires are not held to fire-safety rules — sometimes with very serious consequences. E．On September 7th, a utility serving northern California shut off the power supply to tens of thousands of homes. F．That includes strong evidence that the first five feet around a structure are key to its defense but all too often consist of flammable materials. IV. Summary Writing (10分) Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. How Ants May Save You from Traffic Jams The free flow of traffic becomes unstable as the density of cars increases on a highway. At 15 vehicles per mile per lane, one driver tapping their brakes can trigger a persistent wave of congestion “It’s a kind of phase transition,” like water turning from a liquid to a solid form, says Katsuhiro Nishinari, a physicist at the University of Tokyo, who studies these jamming transitions. Nishinari’s previous research had shown that foraging (觅食的) ants can maintain their flow even at high densities. In a recent study, researchers recorded Ochetellus ants on foraging trails and used traffic-engineering models to analyze their movement. They found that the ants don’t jam because they travel in groups of three to 20 that move at nearly constant rates while keeping good distances between one another — and they don’t speed up to pass others. Self-driving cars, if they one day become common, could have more cooperative programming. In one vision of this future, autonomous vehicles would share information with nearby cars to optimize traffic flow perhaps, the researchers suggests, by prioritizing constant speeds or by not passing others on the road. “There is no leader,” but this organization emerges anyway. And in both ant and vehicle traffic this type of distributed system can be “very, very strong” and resilient, Nishinari says. “Still, ants can forge trails as wide as they like, unlike drivers stuck on highways. The insects do sometimes jam up when confined in tunnels, but to keep things moving, they’ll find a way to walk on the ceiling” she says. Today’s drivers can learn at least one thing from ants to avoid causing a traffic jam, Nishinari says: don’t drive too closely behind another vehicle. By leaving room between their car and the one ahead of them, drivers can absorb a wave of braking in dense traffic conditions that would otherwise be amplified (放大) into a full-blown “phantom” traffic jam with no obvious cause. “Just keeping away,” he says, can help traffic flow smoothly. 71.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ V. Translation (第1-2句，每句3分；第3句，4分；第4句5分；共15分) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 72数字化工具在建筑行业的应用越来越广泛。（there be） 73．在这张导览图上，十几种便民服务用不同颜色标注了出来。(mark) 74来自全国各地的选手在空中放飞风筝，争相展示他们的风筝技艺和创新风格。(display) 75既要让森林与城市融合，更要让市民充分参与并享受绿色城市的氛围，与自然和谐共生。(It) VI. Guided Writing （25分） Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 76．Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 学校科技节将举办“青少年数字素养”主题论坛（Forum on Teenage Digital Literacy），请作为高三年级的张明写一篇演讲稿： 1.结合一次个人经历，谈谈数字技术带来的便利；​ 2.分享一条你认为重要的网络信息辨别方法。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【灿烂六月 · 高考金8卷】 备战2026年高考英语模拟卷（上海卷01） （考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：140分） 注意事项： 1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。 2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 I.Listening Comprehension （第1-10题, 每题1分；第11-20题，每题1.5分；共25分） Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. Husband and wife. B. Guest and hostess C. Customer and waitress. D. Boss and employee. 2. A. Watch the program on TV. B. Call the TV station. C. Meet the man at the cat exhibition D. Look for cats with the man. 3. A. Borrow the typewriter. B. Visit the woman. C. Go home soon. D. Read the woman's paper. 4. A. The man. B. Both. C. The woman. D. Neither. 5. A. The books there are too expensive. B. She won't be able to get the book before class. C. The textbook she needs isn't in yet D. She hopes to get a good deal on some second-hand books. 6. A. Take the bus to the airport. B. Meet the Browns at the airport. C. Make a phone call to the Browns. D. Accompany the Browns to the airport 7. A. The woman will have a test B. The man will probably go to the movie. C. The man will have to sit for an exam. D. The woman wishes she could go to class with the man. 8. A. The results haven't come yet. B. The results were checked again last night. C. The woman needs another test tomorrow. D. The doctor hasn't come back from the lab. 9. A. Most neighbors are as noisy as the woman. B. Talking to the neighbors politely might be the best way C. He'd like to know why the woman is angry D. The woman is too polite for her neighbors. 10. A. He needs to buy another umbrella. B. It will rain much later in the week. C. It will probably rain tomorrow. D. The weather forecasters almost never agree. Section B Directions: In Section B. you will hear two short passages several and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of them. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. They used to be unable to listen to public debates. B. They were more patient and sociable then people now. C. They learned from political speeches. D. They used to think in terms of a printed text. 12. A. It makes people get ideas from images, not from written words. B. It has made the public less interested in politics. C. The quality of television programming has declined. D. Political programs on TV are too complex. 13. A. The environmental effects of consumerism. B. How consumer culture has made people unreasonable. C. How television has affected people's thinking ability. D. Television's damage to the environment Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. Some children already know how to do it. B. Some children find it more enjoyable than they expected to C. Some children refuse to take part. D. Some children prefer to swim or play table-tennis. 15. A. They seem grateful for their experience here. B. They complain if they cannot phone their parents. C. They miss meal times with their parents. D. The youngest ones find it hard to be away from home. 16. A. They should visit their children instead of phoning them B. They shouldn’t allow their children to bring phones to camp. C. They don`t need to keep on phoning the camp. D. They need to be reminded to phone their children. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. Five years. B. Three years C. Four years. D. Six years 18. A. The person who has the strong will. B. The person who has attended the adult school. C. The person who can work at computers quickly after a two-day training. D. The person who can pass the test of arithmetic. 19. A. The man's education. B. A new chance for everyone to be promoted. C. The man's pay raise. D. A career promotion for the man. 20. A. The man is eager to attend the training. B. The person is not very interested in this chance for promotion. C. The man has been training for computer work since last year. D. The man is not confident in his chance to be promoted to the Grade 7. IV. Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分） Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Sweet Treat, Smart Choice Ice cream is one of life’s simple pleasures-a sweet, creamy delight that brings joy whether enjoyed as a refreshing dessert or a midday pick-me-up. While grabbing a tub from the store is easy, there’s 21 special about making your own. Not only is it surprisingly simple, but it also gives you complete control over what goes into it. 22 (imagine) making some with wholesome, nutrient-rich ingredients using natural sweeteners instead of processed sugars or using plant-based milk-all while keeping that irresistible smoothness and indulgent flavor. With homemade ice cream you’re not just making a treat, you’re creating a guilt-free moment of happiness, perfectly tailored to your tastes and health goals. The traditional recipe for ice cream 23 (consist) of milk, heavy cream, sugar, and at times, egg yolks, which help create its signature smoothness and deep flavor. Commercial varieties, however, frequently contain additives to refine texture and maintain stability. The process involves churning (搅拌) the mixture at high speeds 24 it reaches the desired creamy consistency. Delightful treat 25 ice cream undeniably is, its frequent consumption raises the question of balance in a healthy diet. This leads to an important consideration: While you could certainly enjoy a bit of ice cream every day, 26 you? From a nutritional perspective, moderation is key. According to dietary guidelines, sugar intake should be limited to no more than 10% of total daily calories, 27 amounts to 12 teaspoons for a standard 2,000-calorie diet. Regularly exceeding this limit can cause health concerns 28 ________weight gain and metabolic imbalances. That said, ice cream can still be part of a balanced diet when 29 (enjoy) mindfully. Making it at home allows for healthier ingredient choices: for instance, a simple homemade alternative can be made by blending frozen bananas with almond butter and a splash of milk for a naturally sweet and creamy treat. 30 opting for a traditional scoop or a nutritious homemade alternative, the key is moderation savoring the treat while ensuring it fits into an overall healthy eating pattern. Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．bare    B．characteristics    C． constant    D．due    E. identified    F. intended G. mistake    H. payments    I. reminders    J. undiagnosed    K. urge Shopping is a Nightmare (噩梦) For most of us, popping to the supermarket is a daily routine, but for Hannah Crawford it’s a task that can fill her with fear, who describes going to buy food as “like being a three-year-old in a sweet shop”. Crawford says it can be an overwhelming, frustrating and exhausting experience. One of the main challenges is “getting out without spending twice as much as you 31 ”, she says, which means making careful lists and resisting the constant 32 to impulse-buy. She is far from alone in feeling this way. She was diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (过动症) last summer, and is one of a growing number of UK adults with the condition. The total number is estimated to run into the millions, although most are 33 . Research lays 34 the challenges many with ADHD face when it comes to their personal finances, which found that those living with ADHD are four times more likely to frequently impulse-spend than those who do not have the condition. Crawford says she has a sense that most people have a “background programme running in their head — a(n) 35 awareness of what’s in their bank account, how much they have spent so far that day, and upcoming bills or subscription 36 . I don’t have any of those background programmes. Every time I open my bank account, it’s a total surprise to me.” As a result, she spends a lot of time living in her overdraft (透支) by 37 , which creates stress and anxiety. She likes to be able to label and categorize her outgoings, which keeps budgeting more interesting, providing the “dopamine hits” her brain needs to pay attention, and likes the fact she receives push notifications with 38 of how much she is spending throughout the day. Things such as parking tickets and payment deadlines can be particularly tricky. She says there are regular occasions when she becomes overwhelmed by a ticket or 39 date, and then the cost jumps. “It’s quite scary to feel not in control like that,” she says. Fortunately, digital banking tools designed to give users more control and provide greater “visibility” for their finances have been widely praised by many in the ADHD community. The most helpful banking features 40 included notifications about upcoming bills and places to set money aside such as savings pots. V. Reading Comprehension (41 – 55题，每题1分；56 – 70题，每题2分；共45分) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Friendly Laughter Most people can share a laugh with a total stranger. But there are subtle - and 41 -- differences in our laughs with friends. Greg Bryant, a cognitive scientist at the University of California, Los Angeles, and his colleagues previously found that adults from 24 societies around the world can distinguish simultaneous "co-laughter" between friends from that between strangers. The findings suggested that his ability may be 42 used to help read social interactions. So the researchers wondered: Can babies distinguish such laughter, too? Bryant and his fellow researcher Athena Vouloumanos, a developmental psychologist at New York University, played recording of co-laughter between 43 of either friends or strangers to 24 five-month-old infants in New York City. The babies listened 44 to the laughs shared between buddies - suggesting they could tell the two types apart, according to a study published in March in Scientific Reports. The researchers then showed the babies short videos of two people acting either like friends or strangers and paired those with the 45 recordings. The babies stared for longer at clips paired with a mismatched recording - for example, if they saw friends 46 but heard strangers laughing. "There's something about co-laughter that is giving 47 to even a five-month-old about the social relationship between the individuals," Bryant says. Exactly what components of laughter the infants are detecting remains to be seen, but prior work by Bryant's team provides 48 . Laughs between friends tend to include greater variations in pitch and 49 , for example. Such characteristics also distinguish 50 laughs from fake ones. Many scientists think heartfelt laughter most likely 51 from play vocalizations, which are also produced by nonhuman primates, rodents and other mammals. Fake laughter probably emerged later in humans, 52 that ability to produce a wide range of speech sounds. The researchers suggest that we may be 53 to spontaneous（自发的）laughter during development because of its long evolutionary history. It's really cool to see how early infants are distinguishing between different forms of laughter," says Adrienne Wood, a psychologist at the University of Virginia, who was not involved in the study. "Almost every 54 moment is a social interaction for babies. Therefore it 55 that they are becoming very much accustomed to their social worlds." 41．A．distinct B．invisible C．detectable D．conscious 42．A．universally B．apparently C．fairly D．precisely 43．A．groups B．pairs C．rivals D．partners 44．A．shorter B．longer C．less patiently D．more diligently 45．A．friendly B．strange C．visual D．audio 46．A．interacting B．reflecting C．clubbing D．interpreting 47．A．value B．meaning C．information D．friendship 48．A．accounts B．implications C．routes D．hints 49．A．engagement B．frequency C．intensity D．length 50．A．obliged B．involuntary C．encouraged D．internal 51．A．evolved B．heaped C．sprang D．originated 52．A．apart from B．along with C．as against D．ahead of 53．A．available B．crucial C．sensitive D．neutral 54．A．screaming B．kicking C．shifting D．waking 55．A．turns out B．comes true C．rings hollow D．makes sense Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) When I look back on my childhood, one aspect stands out in my memory: my love of history. I can remember a time when history hasn’t been a part of my life, and my passion for it was aroused in my earliest days. I was only two or three years old when my mum began to read me tales of King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table, and before long, they became a regular part of my bedtime routine. I was fascinated by the stories of the sword in the stone and the Holy Grail, and I was attracted by Lancelot and Guinevere. When I was four, though, I received a gift that would prove so inspirational that — without my knowledge at the time — it helped to steer the direction of my career: The Webtastic Illustrated British History Book. When my mum gave this to me, published in 1989, I doubt she thought much beyond the fact that it might open for me a gateway to something or someone other than King Arthur—and she was absolutely right. I vividly remember leafing through the pages and admiring the pictures — and then I came to one image that really captured my attention: Henry VIII and his six wives. The idea of a king who had married six times fascinated the infant me, and I used the book to memorize the classic rhyme about their fate: divorced, beheaded, died, divorced, beheaded, survived. Simply from viewing pictures of a king and his spouses, my love of the Tudors (都铎王朝) was born — and snowballed. That slim volume was my starting point, and soon it began to show signs of wear. I became determined to find out all I could about Henry VIII and his extraordinary family — a journey that I’m still undertaking to this day. If I hadn’t been given that book as a child, I’m certain that my career would’ve taken an entirely different direction. It was a small thing — but one that made a far-reaching impact. 56．Why did the mother give the author The Webtastic Illustrated British History Book? A．To make bedtime more enjoyable for the author. B．To encourage the author to pursue a career in history. C．To help the author understand the importance of reading. D．To introduce the author to other historical topics besides King Arthur. 57．Why does the author mention seeing the image of Henry VIII in the book? A．To describe her fascination with royal marriages. B．To show how this image excited her deep interest in history. C．To highlight how essential illustrations are in a children’s history book. D．To suggest that the image influenced her view of historical events. 58．Which piece of the following advice is the author most likely to give to parents? A．Expose children to history early on because it is important for their growth. B．Prioritize content over engaging illustrations when choosing books for children. C．Introduce children to academics to shape their future careers. D．Encourage children’s exploration of interests with resources. 59．Which of the following proverbs best reflects the main theme of the passage? A．A tiny flame can start a fire. B．You reap what you sow. C．Still waters run deep. D．The early bird catches the worm. (B) If you have no difficulty in understanding what native English speakers say in daily life, there is a whole new world of brilliant podcast (播客) series to explore. If you aren’t sure where to start, have a look at these: The Joc Rogan Experience     ★★★★★ The Joc Rogan Experience is a great learning device because of its interesting English conversations between Rogan and his guests. At the time of writing there have been over 1,660 episodes with subjects ranging from comedy and science to politics and sports. Rogan is also a famous stand-up comedian, so the show is full of cultural references and idioms. This American Life     ★★★★★ This American Life is a great choice for English learners who want an insight into the culture of the USA．It is a mixture of journalism and storytelling, focusing on real-life tales from citizens of all regions of the country. The stories are new and varied. One episode was taped for 24 hours in an all-night restaurant; another interviewed workers on strike. The Writer's Voice       ★★★★☆ The New Yorker is a famous American magazine, and every week it prints a new short story. In this podcast, the week's story is read aloud by its writer. The published work covers a wide range of life experiences across the United States and beyond. It's a great way to enjoy some of the best new fiction in the country. Overheard at National Geographic ★★★★★ National Geographic is a much-loved American magazine (and TV channel) famous for incredible stories and photography related to science and the environment. Overheard is about the discussions Nat Geo employees have had while taking breaks. Expect crazy stories from explorers, photographers, and scientists from around the world. 60．In order to fully enjoy these podcasts, you should________. A．have interaction with hosts B．have good English competence C．be interested in being a podcaster D．be familiar with American social life 61．Which podcast gives you more stories behind the scene? A．The Writer's Voice. B．This American Life. C．The Joe Rogan Experience. D．Overheard at National Geographic. 62．What do these podcasts have in common? A．They enjoy great popularity. B．Their stories are set in America. C．They are attached to magazines. D．Their works are updated weekly. (C Scientists know little about how sharks came to exist because of the way their skeletons are made. Sharks have skeletons (骨骼) mostly made of cartilage, a soft and flexible material that doesn’t fossilize (成为化石) well. As a result, sharks don’t leave clear remains like animals with hard bones. This means that shark skeletons don’t leave behind the same clear, lasting remains as animals with bony skeletons. ‌“Cartilage is a tricky material,” explains John Maisey, a scientist at the American Museum of Natural History in New York. For centuries, scientists have tried to piece together the history of sharks but could only make educated guesses that sharks might have come from fish with actual bones. However, a recent breakthrough has opened up new possibilities for understanding where sharks came from. Using advanced CT scanning technology, Maisey and his team examined the only known fossil of an ancient fish called Doliodus problematicus. This fossil is 400 million years old and was first discovered in the mid-1990s in Canada. For years, researchers could only study it from the outside, but in 2014, new CT scanning technology allowed them to look deeper into its structure without damaging it. What they found could be a missing link in the shark evolution puzzle. The scan revealed surprising details. Unlike modern sharks, which are smooth and lack external spines (棘刺), the Doliodus fossil had spines along its back and near its lower body. These spines were similar to those found in an older type of fish with both bony and shark-like characteristics. It also had jaws and teeth like those of modern sharks, showing a mix of features from early bony fish and today’s sharks. This makes Doliodus an important connection between two groups of fish, offering new clues about shark evolution. “This is a major discovery,” says Michael Coates, an evolutionary biologist at the University of Chicago. Coates believes that these findings support the idea that acanthodians, the ancient group with both bony and shark-like characteristics, could represent an important step in the early development of sharks. Maisey’s research encourages scientists to revisit acanthodians, an extinct group of fish with both bony and shark-like features. These ancient creatures are thought to represent a transitional stage in fish evolution, potentially reshaping what we know about the origins of sharks. 63．Main Idea: What is the passage primarily about? A．Finding a new shark species with advanced technology. B．The role of sharks in the extinction of ancient fish species. C．An important discovery in understanding how sharks evolved. D．Efforts to uncover the origins of sharks through fossil research. 64．Why is it tricky to study the evolution of sharks? A．Their skeletons rarely endure over time. B．Their remains are hard to find in ancient rock layers. C．Their evolutionary history is too recent to be understood. D．Their bones have been confused with those of other fish species. 65．What is the significance of the Doliodus problematicus fossil? A．It confirms that sharks evolved mainly from acanthodians. B．It suggests that ancient sharks lacked both jaws and spines. C．It proves that sharks are directly related to modern bony fish. D．It shows a connection between early bony fish and modern sharks. 66．How is the passage organized? A．By describing several fossils before focusing on Doliodus. B．By comparing features of sharks and acanthodians in detail. C．By explaining the difficulties in studying sharks and sharing new findings. D．By summarizing past research on ancient fish without introducing new insights. Section C Directions: Read the following passages. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Why California is burning For decades, environmentalists have warned that the world is going to burn. Mostly, they meant it figuratively. But footage (影像片段) of fires sweeping through the Amazon forest, parts of Australia and now, once again, California, makes it easy to believe the planet is, literally, on fire. So far this year, California has seen more than 2.5m acres burned and more than 3,700 structures destroyed. With over three months remaining of this year's fire season, few doubt the state is facing its worst yet. The fires themselves cannot be stopped; they are fueled by climate change layered on top of an ecosystem that burns regularly as part of its natural cycle. Hotter temperatures and drier landscapes mean more fires. 67 . It has made itself more vulnerable with out-of-date regulations and self-defeating policies. California does deserve credit for being the only American state to have adopted fire-safe building codes for what is known as the “wildland-urban interface”, where houses are sparsely dotted through tall, flammable (易燃的) trees and vegetation, often on steep slopes that flames can race up. Evidence suggests the codes do help limit damage. However, they apply only to new structures. 68 . Nor are there subsidies or other motivations to nudge people and firms to take on the heavy, complicated and expensive task of making buildings safe. Furthermore, the codes date back to 2008 and have not yet been updated to include the latest science on why buildings burn. 69 . Today, landscapers can still draw up designs where bark mulch — an almost perfect fuel — is laid down around a home, office, or even hospital. Fire-risk maps and zoning, which determine who must follow building codes, are in desperate need of a rethink. Among other things, they consider urbanized areas “unburnable”, which ignores science showing that the majority of buildings catch fire when flying embers (余烬) are blown a mile or more away from the flaming vegetation. 70 . When Coffey Park in Santa Rosa was destroyed by wildfire in 2017, the city vowed to rebuild better, but it hesitated because of unfounded fears that being fire-safe would be a lot more costly. Strict fire codes were not enforced, and the community once more had to evacuate during a fire in 2019 rather than shelter-in-place. No wonder California is caught in a burn-rebuild-burn-again cycle. The fires are not going away. But if state leaders rethought their misguided policies, they would at least wreak less havoc. A．However, much of California’s mess nowadays is of its-own-making. B．They also do nothing about the need to improve most of the existing houses and other properties. C．California has failed to encourage homeowners to move out of the most dangerous areas. D．As a result, communities that are at risk from wildfires are not held to fire-safety rules — sometimes with very serious consequences. E．On September 7th, a utility serving northern California shut off the power supply to tens of thousands of homes. F．That includes strong evidence that the first five feet around a structure are key to its defense but all too often consist of flammable materials. IV. Summary Writing (10分) Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. How Ants May Save You from Traffic Jams The free flow of traffic becomes unstable as the density of cars increases on a highway. At 15 vehicles per mile per lane, one driver tapping their brakes can trigger a persistent wave of congestion “It’s a kind of phase transition,” like water turning from a liquid to a solid form, says Katsuhiro Nishinari, a physicist at the University of Tokyo, who studies these jamming transitions. Nishinari’s previous research had shown that foraging (觅食的) ants can maintain their flow even at high densities. In a recent study, researchers recorded Ochetellus ants on foraging trails and used traffic-engineering models to analyze their movement. They found that the ants don’t jam because they travel in groups of three to 20 that move at nearly constant rates while keeping good distances between one another — and they don’t speed up to pass others. Self-driving cars, if they one day become common, could have more cooperative programming. In one vision of this future, autonomous vehicles would share information with nearby cars to optimize traffic flow perhaps, the researchers suggests, by prioritizing constant speeds or by not passing others on the road. “There is no leader,” but this organization emerges anyway. And in both ant and vehicle traffic this type of distributed system can be “very, very strong” and resilient, Nishinari says. “Still, ants can forge trails as wide as they like, unlike drivers stuck on highways. The insects do sometimes jam up when confined in tunnels, but to keep things moving, they’ll find a way to walk on the ceiling” she says. Today’s drivers can learn at least one thing from ants to avoid causing a traffic jam, Nishinari says: don’t drive too closely behind another vehicle. By leaving room between their car and the one ahead of them, drivers can absorb a wave of braking in dense traffic conditions that would otherwise be amplified (放大) into a full-blown “phantom” traffic jam with no obvious cause. “Just keeping away,” he says, can help traffic flow smoothly. 71.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ V. Translation (第1-2句，每句3分；第3句，4分；第4句5分；共15分) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 72数字化工具在建筑行业的应用越来越广泛。（there be） 73．在这张导览图上，十几种便民服务用不同颜色标注了出来。(mark) 74来自全国各地的选手在空中放飞风筝，争相展示他们的风筝技艺和创新风格。(display) 75既要让森林与城市融合，更要让市民充分参与并享受绿色城市的氛围，与自然和谐共生。(It) VI. Guided Writing （25分） Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 76．Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 学校科技节将举办“青少年数字素养”主题论坛（Forum on Teenage Digital Literacy），请作为高三年级的张明写一篇演讲稿： 1.结合一次个人经历，谈谈数字技术带来的便利；​ 2.分享一条你认为重要的网络信息辨别方法。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 试题 第11页（共12页） 试题 第12页（共12页） 试题 第5页（共12页） 试题 第6页（共12页） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 【灿烂六月 · 高考金8卷】 备战2026年高考英语模拟卷（上海卷01） （考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：140分） 注意事项： 1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。 2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 I.Listening Comprehension （第1-10题, 每题1分；第11-20题，每题1.5分；共25分） Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. Husband and wife. B. Guest and hostess C. Customer and waitress. D. Boss and employee. 2. A. Watch the program on TV. B. Call the TV station. C. Meet the man at the cat exhibition D. Look for cats with the man. 3. A. Borrow the typewriter. B. Visit the woman. C. Go home soon. D. Read the woman's paper. 4. A. The man. B. Both. C. The woman. D. Neither. 5. A. The books there are too expensive. B. She won't be able to get the book before class. C. The textbook she needs isn't in yet D. She hopes to get a good deal on some second-hand books. 6. A. Take the bus to the airport. B. Meet the Browns at the airport. C. Make a phone call to the Browns. D. Accompany the Browns to the airport 7. A. The woman will have a test B. The man will probably go to the movie. C. The man will have to sit for an exam. D. The woman wishes she could go to class with the man. 8. A. The results haven't come yet. B. The results were checked again last night. C. The woman needs another test tomorrow. D. The doctor hasn't come back from the lab. 9. A. Most neighbors are as noisy as the woman. B. Talking to the neighbors politely might be the best way C. He'd like to know why the woman is angry D. The woman is too polite for her neighbors. 10. A. He needs to buy another umbrella. B. It will rain much later in the week. C. It will probably rain tomorrow. D. The weather forecasters almost never agree. Section B Directions: In Section B. you will hear two short passages several and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of them. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. They used to be unable to listen to public debates. B. They were more patient and sociable then people now. C. They learned from political speeches. D. They used to think in terms of a printed text. 12. A. It makes people get ideas from images, not from written words. B. It has made the public less interested in politics. C. The quality of television programming has declined. D. Political programs on TV are too complex. 13. A. The environmental effects of consumerism. B. How consumer culture has made people unreasonable. C. How television has affected people's thinking ability. D. Television's damage to the environment Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. Some children already know how to do it. B. Some children find it more enjoyable than they expected to C. Some children refuse to take part. D. Some children prefer to swim or play table-tennis. 15. A. They seem grateful for their experience here. B. They complain if they cannot phone their parents. C. They miss meal times with their parents. D. The youngest ones find it hard to be away from home. 16. A. They should visit their children instead of phoning them B. They shouldn’t allow their children to bring phones to camp. C. They don`t need to keep on phoning the camp. D. They need to be reminded to phone their children. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. Five years. B. Three years C. Four years. D. Six years 18. A. The person who has the strong will. B. The person who has attended the adult school. C. The person who can work at computers quickly after a two-day training. D. The person who can pass the test of arithmetic. 19. A. The man's education. B. A new chance for everyone to be promoted. C. The man's pay raise. D. A career promotion for the man. 20. A. The man is eager to attend the training. B. The person is not very interested in this chance for promotion. C. The man has been training for computer work since last year. D. The man is not confident in his chance to be promoted to the Grade 7. 【答案】1-5 BADCB 6-10 DCABC 11-13 DAC 14-16 BAC 17-20 ACDB 【听力文本】附文档末尾 II. Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分） Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Sweet Treat, Smart Choice Ice cream is one of life’s simple pleasures-a sweet, creamy delight that brings joy whether enjoyed as a refreshing dessert or a midday pick-me-up. While grabbing a tub from the store is easy, there’s 21 special about making your own. Not only is it surprisingly simple, but it also gives you complete control over what goes into it. 22 (imagine) making some with wholesome, nutrient-rich ingredients using natural sweeteners instead of processed sugars or using plant-based milk-all while keeping that irresistible smoothness and indulgent flavor. With homemade ice cream you’re not just making a treat, you’re creating a guilt-free moment of happiness, perfectly tailored to your tastes and health goals. The traditional recipe for ice cream 23 (consist) of milk, heavy cream, sugar, and at times, egg yolks, which help create its signature smoothness and deep flavor. Commercial varieties, however, frequently contain additives to refine texture and maintain stability. The process involves churning (搅拌) the mixture at high speeds 24 it reaches the desired creamy consistency. Delightful treat 25 ice cream undeniably is, its frequent consumption raises the question of balance in a healthy diet. This leads to an important consideration: While you could certainly enjoy a bit of ice cream every day, 26 you? From a nutritional perspective, moderation is key. According to dietary guidelines, sugar intake should be limited to no more than 10% of total daily calories, 27 amounts to 12 teaspoons for a standard 2,000-calorie diet. Regularly exceeding this limit can cause health concerns 28 ________weight gain and metabolic imbalances. That said, ice cream can still be part of a balanced diet when 29 (enjoy) mindfully. Making it at home allows for healthier ingredient choices: for instance, a simple homemade alternative can be made by blending frozen bananas with almond butter and a splash of milk for a naturally sweet and creamy treat. 30 opting for a traditional scoop or a nutritious homemade alternative, the key is moderation savoring the treat while ensuring it fits into an overall healthy eating pattern. 【答案】 21．nothing 22．Imagine 23．consists 24．until/before 25．as/though 26．should 27．which 28．such as 29．enjoyed 30．Whether 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了自制冰淇淋的好处，包括可以控制成分、更健康，以及如何将冰淇淋纳入均衡饮食。 21．考查不定代词。句意：虽然从商店里买一个冰激凌很容易，但自己做一个也没什么特别的。根据下文“Not only is it surprisingly simple, but it also gives you complete control over what goes into it. (它不仅非常简单，而且还让您完全控制里面的东西)”说明自己做冰激凌也没有什么特别的，应用不定代词nothing，故填nothing。 22．考查祈使句。句意：想象一下，用天然甜味剂代替加工过的糖或植物性牛奶，用健康、营养丰富的原料制作一些饮料，同时保持不可抗拒的柔滑和放纵的味道。该句为祈使句，此空应填动词原形，表示“想象”，位于句首，首字母要大写。故填Imagine。 23．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：传统的冰淇淋配方包括牛奶、浓奶油、糖，有时还有蛋黄，这有助于创造它标志性的柔滑和浓郁的味道。空处为谓语动词，描述客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语“The traditional recipe”是单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式，故填consists。 24．考查时间状语从句。句意：这个过程需要高速搅拌混合物，直到达到所需的奶油稠度。/在达到所需的奶油稠度之前，这个过程需要高速搅拌混合物。空处连接时间状语从句，表示“直到/在……之前”，应用until或before，故填until或before。 25．考查让步状语从句。句意：尽管冰淇淋是一种令人愉快的食品，但它经常食用会引发健康饮食中的平衡问题。此处为“名词+ as/though +主语+谓语”的倒装结构，引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管……”。故填as或though。 26．考查情态动词。句意：这就引出了一个重要的问题：虽然你当然可以每天都吃一点冰淇淋，但你应该吗？这里表建议或委婉质疑，意为“你应该吗”，所以用情态动词should，故填should。 27．考查定语从句。句意：根据饮食指南，糖的摄入量应限制在不超过每日总热量的10%，这相当于12茶匙的标准2000卡路里的饮食。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为“10% of total daily calories”，指物，且关系词在从句中作主语，需用关系代词which，故填which。 28．考查介词短语。句意：经常超过这个限制会引起健康问题，比如体重增加和代谢失衡。此处用于列举“过量吃糖导致的健康问题”，可用介词短语such as，表示“例如，比如”。故填such as。 29．考查状语从句的省略。句意：也就是说，如果用心享用，冰淇淋仍然可以成为均衡饮食的一部分。此处为 when引导的状语从句的省略，完整句子为“when ice cream is enjoyed mindfully”，省略了从句中的ice cream is，保留过去分词，故填enjoyed。 30．考查让步状语从句。句意：无论是选择传统的勺子还是营养丰富的自制替代品，关键是要适度品尝，同时确保它符合整体健康的饮食模式。此处为“whether...or...”固定结构，引导让步状语从句，意为“无论……还是……”，位于句首，首字母要大写。故填Whether。 Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．bare    B．characteristics    C． constant    D．due    E. identified    F. intended G. mistake    H. payments    I. reminders    J. undiagnosed    K. urge Shopping is a Nightmare (噩梦) For most of us, popping to the supermarket is a daily routine, but for Hannah Crawford it’s a task that can fill her with fear, who describes going to buy food as “like being a three-year-old in a sweet shop”. Crawford says it can be an overwhelming, frustrating and exhausting experience. One of the main challenges is “getting out without spending twice as much as you 31 ”, she says, which means making careful lists and resisting the constant 32 to impulse-buy. She is far from alone in feeling this way. She was diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (过动症) last summer, and is one of a growing number of UK adults with the condition. The total number is estimated to run into the millions, although most are 33 . Research lays 34 the challenges many with ADHD face when it comes to their personal finances, which found that those living with ADHD are four times more likely to frequently impulse-spend than those who do not have the condition. Crawford says she has a sense that most people have a “background programme running in their head — a(n) 35 awareness of what’s in their bank account, how much they have spent so far that day, and upcoming bills or subscription 36 . I don’t have any of those background programmes. Every time I open my bank account, it’s a total surprise to me.” As a result, she spends a lot of time living in her overdraft (透支) by 37 , which creates stress and anxiety. She likes to be able to label and categorize her outgoings, which keeps budgeting more interesting, providing the “dopamine hits” her brain needs to pay attention, and likes the fact she receives push notifications with 38 of how much she is spending throughout the day. Things such as parking tickets and payment deadlines can be particularly tricky. She says there are regular occasions when she becomes overwhelmed by a ticket or 39 date, and then the cost jumps. “It’s quite scary to feel not in control like that,” she says. Fortunately, digital banking tools designed to give users more control and provide greater “visibility” for their finances have been widely praised by many in the ADHD community. The most helpful banking features 40 included notifications about upcoming bills and places to set money aside such as savings pots. 【答案】 31．F 32．K 33．J 34．A 35．C 36．H 37．G 38．I 39．D 40．E 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章以汉娜・克劳福德为例介绍英国患注意力缺陷多动障碍的成人数量渐增，他们无法抗拒购买欲望，常常超出预算。研究显示患者冲动消费概率高，而数字银行工具助其理财，获患者认可。 31．考查动词。句意：她说，其中一个主要挑战是“出门时花的钱不会是你原本打算的两倍”，这意味着要仔细列清单，并抵制冲动消费的持续欲望。空处为句子谓语动词，根据“which means making careful lists”可知，此处指如果不列清单的话，花费会比原计划多，动词intend符合题意，表示购物之前的打算，用一般过去时，表示描述过去发生的事情，intend用过去式intended。故选F。 32．考查名词。句意：她说，其中一个主要挑战是“出门时花的钱不会是你原本打算的两倍”，这意味着要仔细列清单，并抵制冲动消费的持续欲望。空处应填名词作动词resisting的宾语，结合resisting和impulse-buy可知，此处指抵制持续购买的欲望，名词urge“欲望”符合题意。故选K。 33．考查形容词。句意：据估计，总人数达数百万，尽管大多数人尚未被确诊。空处作表语，前文提到“She was diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (过动症) last summer, and is one of a growing number of UK adults with the condition.”，后文用although表转折，需体现总人数多但多数未被确诊的对比关系，形容词undiagnosed“(疾病)未确诊的”符合题意。故选J。 34．考查固定搭配。句意：研究阐明了许多多动症患者在个人财务方面面临的挑战，研究发现，多动症患者频繁冲动消费的可能性是无此病症者的四倍。此处考查固定短语lay sth bare，意为“暴露、阐明、揭示”，表示研究揭示了患有注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的人在个人财务方面面临的挑战，填形容词bare“无遮盖的，裸露的”。故选A。 35．考查形容词。句意：克劳福德说，她感觉大多数人的大脑里都有一个“后台程序在运行——对自己的银行账户余额、当天已花金额以及即将到来的账单或订阅付款保持持续的认知”。空处修饰名词awareness，与前文background programme running“后台程序持续运行”相呼应，此处指持续的认知，形容词constant“持续的”符合题意。故选C。 36．考查名词。句意：克劳福德说，她感觉大多数人的大脑里都有一个“后台程序在运行 —— 对自己的银行账户余额、当天已花金额以及即将到来的账单或订阅付款保持持续的认知”。空处与上文bills（账单）为并列关系，均指“需要支付的费用”，payments为名词，subscription payments（订阅付款）符合即将到来的需支付费用的语境。故选H。 37．考查固定短语。句意：结果，她经常因疏忽而透支，这给她带来了压力和焦虑。此处考查固定短语by mistake，意为 “错误地、无意中”，符合因疏忽（无意中）导致透支的语境。故选G。 38．考查名词。句意：她喜欢给支出分类标记，这让预算管理更有趣，能给她的大脑提供所需的“多巴胺刺激”以保持注意力；同时她也喜欢收到推送通知，提醒自己一天花了多少钱。空处应填名词作介词with的宾语，reminder为可数名词，意为“通知单，提示信，提醒人记忆之物”，“push notifications with reminders of how much she is spending”表示“包含她当天花了多少钱这类提示的推送通知，符合语境，根据“push notifications”可知表复数概念，用复数形式reminders。故选I。 39．考查形容词。句意：她说，经常会有这样的情况：她被罚单或到期日搞得不知所措，然后费用就上涨了。空处修饰名词date，应填形容词，结合a ticket“罚单”可知，固定短语due date“到期日”符合题意。故选D。 40．考查动词。句意：事实证明，最有用的银行功能包括提醒即将到来的账单，以及设置专门存钱的地方（如储蓄罐）。句中features“功能”与 included“包含”之间需体现“被确认、被发现包含”的关系，identified为动词过去分词，意为“被确认、被识别”，符合“研究发现/确认的有用功能”的语境。故选E。 III. Reading Comprehension (41 – 55题，每题1分；56 – 70题，每题2分；共45分) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Friendly Laughter Most people can share a laugh with a total stranger. But there are subtle - and 41 -- differences in our laughs with friends. Greg Bryant, a cognitive scientist at the University of California, Los Angeles, and his colleagues previously found that adults from 24 societies around the world can distinguish simultaneous "co-laughter" between friends from that between strangers. The findings suggested that his ability may be 42 used to help read social interactions. So the researchers wondered: Can babies distinguish such laughter, too? Bryant and his fellow researcher Athena Vouloumanos, a developmental psychologist at New York University, played recording of co-laughter between 43 of either friends or strangers to 24 five-month-old infants in New York City. The babies listened 44 to the laughs shared between buddies - suggesting they could tell the two types apart, according to a study published in March in Scientific Reports. The researchers then showed the babies short videos of two people acting either like friends or strangers and paired those with the 45 recordings. The babies stared for longer at clips paired with a mismatched recording - for example, if they saw friends 46 but heard strangers laughing. "There's something about co-laughter that is giving 47 to even a five-month-old about the social relationship between the individuals," Bryant says. Exactly what components of laughter the infants are detecting remains to be seen, but prior work by Bryant's team provides 48 . Laughs between friends tend to include greater variations in pitch and 49 , for example. Such characteristics also distinguish 50 laughs from fake ones. Many scientists think heartfelt laughter most likely 51 from play vocalizations, which are also produced by nonhuman primates, rodents and other mammals. Fake laughter probably emerged later in humans, 52 that ability to produce a wide range of speech sounds. The researchers suggest that we may be 53 to spontaneous（自发的）laughter during development because of its long evolutionary history. It's really cool to see how early infants are distinguishing between different forms of laughter," says Adrienne Wood, a psychologist at the University of Virginia, who was not involved in the study. "Almost every 54 moment is a social interaction for babies. Therefore it 55 that they are becoming very much accustomed to their social worlds." 41．A．distinct B．invisible C．detectable D．conscious 42．A．universally B．apparently C．fairly D．precisely 43．A．groups B．pairs C．rivals D．partners 44．A．shorter B．longer C．less patiently D．more diligently 45．A．friendly B．strange C．visual D．audio 46．A．interacting B．reflecting C．clubbing D．interpreting 47．A．value B．meaning C．information D．friendship 48．A．accounts B．implications C．routes D．hints 49．A．engagement B．frequency C．intensity D．length 50．A．obliged B．involuntary C．encouraged D．internal 51．A．evolved B．heaped C．sprang D．originated 52．A．apart from B．along with C．as against D．ahead of 53．A．available B．crucial C．sensitive D．neutral 54．A．screaming B．kicking C．shifting D．waking 55．A．turns out B．comes true C．rings hollow D．makes sense 【答案】 41．C 42．A 43．B 44．B 45．D 46．A 47．C 48．D 49．C 50．B 51．A 52．B 53．C 54．D 55．D 【分析】本文是说明文。格雷格·布莱恩特，加州大学洛杉矶分校的认知科学家和他的同事们先前发现来自全世界24个社会的成年人都能区分朋友之间和陌生人之间同时出现的 “共同笑声”。 41．考查形容词辨析。句意：但在我们和朋友的笑声中，也有细微的、可察觉的差异。A. distinct区分的； B. invisible 无形的； C. detectable可探测的； D. conscious 有意识的。根据Most people can share a laugh with a total stranger. But得知，多数人可以和陌生人分享大笑，但是区别于跟朋友的笑，but表示转折，故选C。 42．考查副词辨析。句意：研究结果表明，他的能力可能被普遍用于帮助解读社会交往。A. universally 普遍地； B. apparently明显地；C. fairly 相当地； D. precisely 精确地。根据上文Greg Bryant, a cognitive scientist at the University of California, Los Angeles, and his colleagues previously found that adults from 24 societies around the world can distinguish simultaneous "co-laughter" between friends from that between strangers.得知全世界的人员参加调查，可知结果适用于全球。故选A。 43．考查名词辨析。句意：布莱恩特和他的研究伙伴雅典娜·沃卢马诺斯，纽约大学的一位发展心理学家播放一对对朋友或陌生人之间的笑声录音。A. groups小组；B. pairs 成对；C. rivals 对手；    D. partners 伙伴。The researchers then showed the babies short videos of two people acting either like friends or strangers and paired those with the 　　5　　 recordings.  得知或者朋友或者陌生人成对的笑声。故选B。 44．考查形容词比较级辨析。句意：婴儿们听了更长的朋友之间的笑声-暗示他们可以区分两种类型。A. shorter更短的；B. longer更长的； C. less patiently更不耐心的； D. more diligently更勤奋的。- suggesting they could tell the two types apart,他们能够区分两种类型的表现是一个听的时间更长。故选B。 45．考查形容词辨析。句意：研究人员随后给婴儿们看了两个要么像朋友，要么像陌生人的视频，然后把他们和录音配对。A. friendly 友好的； B. strange 奇怪的； C. visual可视的；D. audio录音的。The babies stared for longer at clips paired with a mismatched recording可以得知这是录音的片段，故选D。 46．考查动词辨析。句意：例如，如果他们看到朋友相互交流却听到陌生人在笑。A. interacting 交流； B. reflecting反映； C. clubbing泡夜总会；D. interpreting诠释; 说明。The babies stared for longer at clips paired with a mismatched recording可以得知婴儿们盯着不匹配的片段，因此推断他们看到的是朋友的交流，听到的是陌生人在笑。故选A。 47．考查名词辨析。句意：“同声笑语甚至可以给一个五个月大的孩子关于人们之间社交关系的信息。”布莱恩特说。A. value 价值； B. meaning 意思； C. information信息；D. friendship 友谊。about the social relationship between the individuals五个月大的孩子都能获得关于人们之间的社会关系的信息。故选C。 48．考查名词辨析。句意：婴儿们究竟在笑中发现了什么成分还有待研究，但是科比的团队之前的工作提供了暗示。A. accounts 数数；B. implications可能的影响(或作用、结果); C. routes 路径； D. hints暗示。Exactly what components of laughter the infants are detecting remains to be seen, but prior work by Bryant's team provides前后表示转折，但是科比的团队之前的工作提供了暗示，故选D。 49．考查名词辨析。句意：朋友间的笑声往往包括更多的音调和张力的变化。A. engagement 参与； B. frequency 频繁； C. intensity 紧张，张力； D. length 长度。Laughs between friends tend to include greater variations in pitch and研究表明朋友之间的笑声有起伏变化，很自然，故选C。 50．考查形容词辨析。句意：这样的特征也区分了不自觉的笑和假的笑。A. obliged感激的； B. involuntary非自愿的；不自觉的； C. encouraged鼓励的； D. internal内部的。distinguish 　　10　　 laughs from fake ones得知区分假笑和不自觉笑。故选B。 51．考查动词辨析。句意：许多科学家认为发自肺腑的笑声最有可能是从唱腔演变而来的。A. evolved 进化； B. heaped堆积； C. sprang跳跃； D. originated起源。which are also produced by nonhuman primates, rodents and other mammals得知这是一种演变进化。故选A。 52．考查介词短语辨析。句意：假笑很可能是后来在人类身上出现的，同时也能产生各种各样的声音。A. apart from 除了； B. along with伴随；C. as against 与……比较； D. ahead of 提前。that ability to produce a wide range of speech sounds.还伴随着更广泛的声音出现。故选B。 53．考查形容词辨析。句意：研究人员认为我们对由于其长期的进化历史，在发育过程中会自发发笑很敏感。A. available 可利用的； B. crucial至关重要的；C. sensitive 敏感的； D. neutral。o spontaneous（自发的）laughter during development because of its long evolutionary history. 人们由于其较长的演变历史对自发笑声更敏感。故选C。 54．考查动词辨析。句意：几乎每一个醒着的时刻都是婴儿的社交活动。A. screaming尖叫； B. kicking踢打；C. shifting 转化； D. waking 叫醒。a social interaction for babies孩子们醒着的时候就是社交的时候。故选D。 55．考查动词短语辨析。句意：因此他们对他们所处的社会非常习惯也就能够说得通了。A. turns out结果证明；B. comes true 实现； C. rings hollow 空心环；D. makes sense有道理。they are becoming very much accustomed to their social worlds.他们对自己的社会习惯这是可以讲得通的。故选D。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) When I look back on my childhood, one aspect stands out in my memory: my love of history. I can remember a time when history hasn’t been a part of my life, and my passion for it was aroused in my earliest days. I was only two or three years old when my mum began to read me tales of King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table, and before long, they became a regular part of my bedtime routine. I was fascinated by the stories of the sword in the stone and the Holy Grail, and I was attracted by Lancelot and Guinevere. When I was four, though, I received a gift that would prove so inspirational that — without my knowledge at the time — it helped to steer the direction of my career: The Webtastic Illustrated British History Book. When my mum gave this to me, published in 1989, I doubt she thought much beyond the fact that it might open for me a gateway to something or someone other than King Arthur—and she was absolutely right. I vividly remember leafing through the pages and admiring the pictures — and then I came to one image that really captured my attention: Henry VIII and his six wives. The idea of a king who had married six times fascinated the infant me, and I used the book to memorize the classic rhyme about their fate: divorced, beheaded, died, divorced, beheaded, survived. Simply from viewing pictures of a king and his spouses, my love of the Tudors (都铎王朝) was born — and snowballed. That slim volume was my starting point, and soon it began to show signs of wear. I became determined to find out all I could about Henry VIII and his extraordinary family — a journey that I’m still undertaking to this day. If I hadn’t been given that book as a child, I’m certain that my career would’ve taken an entirely different direction. It was a small thing — but one that made a far-reaching impact. 56．Why did the mother give the author The Webtastic Illustrated British History Book? A．To make bedtime more enjoyable for the author. B．To encourage the author to pursue a career in history. C．To help the author understand the importance of reading. D．To introduce the author to other historical topics besides King Arthur. 57．Why does the author mention seeing the image of Henry VIII in the book? A．To describe her fascination with royal marriages. B．To show how this image excited her deep interest in history. C．To highlight how essential illustrations are in a children’s history book. D．To suggest that the image influenced her view of historical events. 58．Which piece of the following advice is the author most likely to give to parents? A．Expose children to history early on because it is important for their growth. B．Prioritize content over engaging illustrations when choosing books for children. C．Introduce children to academics to shape their future careers. D．Encourage children’s exploration of interests with resources. 59．Which of the following proverbs best reflects the main theme of the passage? A．A tiny flame can start a fire. B．You reap what you sow. C．Still waters run deep. D．The early bird catches the worm. 【答案】56．D 57．B 58．D 59．A 【导语】这篇文章是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者童年时期对历史的热爱，尤其是母亲送给作者的一本书激发了她对历史的浓厚兴趣，并最终影响了其职业选择。 56．细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“When my mum gave this to me, published in 1989, I doubt she thought much beyond the fact that it might open for me a gateway to something or someone other than King Arthur—and she was absolutely right. (1989年妈妈把这本书送给我时，我怀疑她并没有多想，只是觉得这本书可能会为我打开一扇通往亚瑟王以外的事儿或人物的大门——她完全正确)”可知，母亲送这本书的目的是为了让作者接触到除了亚瑟王以外的其他历史话题。故选D项。 57．推理判断题。根据第三段第二句“The idea of a king who had married six times fascinated the infant me, and I used the book to memorize the classic rhyme about their fate: divorced, beheaded, died, divorced, beheaded, survived. (一个国王结了六次婚让我着迷，我用这本书记住了关于她们命运的经典韵律：离婚、斩首、死亡、离婚、斩首、幸存)”可知，作者能够记住复杂的人物命运，正是受到了这张图片的启发，提及这张图片是为了展示该图如何激发了她对历史的浓厚兴趣。故选B项。 58．推理判断题。根据全文内容，尤其是最后一段最后两句“If I hadn’t been given that book as a child, I’m certain that my career would’ve taken an entirely different direction. It was a small thing—but one that made a far-reaching impact. (如果我童年时没有收到那本书，我的职业生涯肯定会走向完全不同的方向。这是一件小事，但却产生了深远的影响)”可知，作者的母亲给作者一本书这件小事，进一步激发了作者对历史的兴趣，甚至影响了其职业选择。由此可见，家长可以通过提供书籍等资源来引导和培养孩子兴趣的发展。作者最可能给出的建议应是家长应提供资源鼓励孩子探索兴趣。故选D项。 59．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，尤其是最后一段最后一句“It was a small thing—but one that made a far-reaching impact. (这是一件小事，但却产生了深远的影响)”可知，文章通过作者具体的经历来突显了一件小事可能带来巨大的影响。童年母亲给作者一本书这件小事，最终影响了作者的职业选择。因此“A tiny flame can start a fire. (星星之火可以燎原)”这句谚语能反映文章的主题。故选A项。 (B) If you have no difficulty in understanding what native English speakers say in daily life, there is a whole new world of brilliant podcast (播客) series to explore. If you aren’t sure where to start, have a look at these: The Joc Rogan Experience     ★★★★★ The Joc Rogan Experience is a great learning device because of its interesting English conversations between Rogan and his guests. At the time of writing there have been over 1,660 episodes with subjects ranging from comedy and science to politics and sports. Rogan is also a famous stand-up comedian, so the show is full of cultural references and idioms. This American Life     ★★★★★ This American Life is a great choice for English learners who want an insight into the culture of the USA．It is a mixture of journalism and storytelling, focusing on real-life tales from citizens of all regions of the country. The stories are new and varied. One episode was taped for 24 hours in an all-night restaurant; another interviewed workers on strike. The Writer's Voice       ★★★★☆ The New Yorker is a famous American magazine, and every week it prints a new short story. In this podcast, the week's story is read aloud by its writer. The published work covers a wide range of life experiences across the United States and beyond. It's a great way to enjoy some of the best new fiction in the country. Overheard at National Geographic ★★★★★ National Geographic is a much-loved American magazine (and TV channel) famous for incredible stories and photography related to science and the environment. Overheard is about the discussions Nat Geo employees have had while taking breaks. Expect crazy stories from explorers, photographers, and scientists from around the world. 60．In order to fully enjoy these podcasts, you should________. A．have interaction with hosts B．have good English competence C．be interested in being a podcaster D．be familiar with American social life 61．Which podcast gives you more stories behind the scene? A．The Writer's Voice. B．This American Life. C．The Joe Rogan Experience. D．Overheard at National Geographic. 62．What do these podcasts have in common? A．They enjoy great popularity. B．Their stories are set in America. C．They are attached to magazines. D．Their works are updated weekly. 【答案】60．B 61．D 62．A 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要向在日常生活中理解以英语为母语的人说的话没有困难的人介绍了全新的精彩播客系列。 60．细节理解题。根据文章第一段第一句“If you have no difficulty in understanding what native English speakers say in daily life, there is a whole new world of brilliant podcast series to explore.(如果你在日常生活中理解以英语为母语的人说的话没有困难，还有一个全新的精彩播客系列等着你去探索)”可知，如果想要完全享受这些播客，首先你要有好的英语能力。故选B项。 61．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段倒数第二句“Overheard is about the discussions Nat Geo employees have had while taking breaks.(偶然听到的是国家地理员工在休息时的讨论)”可知，Overheard at National Geographic可以让你听到更多的幕后故事。故选D项。 62．推理判断题。根据第一个小标题下第二句“At the time of writing there have been over 1,660 episodes with subjects ranging from comedy and science to politics and sports.(到我写这篇文章的时候，已经有1660多集了，主题从喜剧、科学到政治和体育)”和其余三个小标题的第一句“This American Life is a great choice for English learners who want an insight into the culture of the USA.(《美国生活》对于想要深入了解美国文化的英语学习者来说是一个很好的选择)”“The New Yorker is a famous American magazine, and every week it prints a new short story.(《纽约客》是美国著名的杂志，它每周出版一篇新的短篇小说)”“National Geographic is a much-loved American magazine (and TV channel) famous for incredible stories and photography related to science and the environment.(《国家地理》是一本深受喜爱的美国杂志(和电视频道)，以与科学和环境有关的令人难以置信的故事和照片而闻名)”可知，这几个播客的共同点是它们都很受欢迎。故选A项。 (C Scientists know little about how sharks came to exist because of the way their skeletons are made. Sharks have skeletons (骨骼) mostly made of cartilage, a soft and flexible material that doesn’t fossilize (成为化石) well. As a result, sharks don’t leave clear remains like animals with hard bones. This means that shark skeletons don’t leave behind the same clear, lasting remains as animals with bony skeletons. ‌“Cartilage is a tricky material,” explains John Maisey, a scientist at the American Museum of Natural History in New York. For centuries, scientists have tried to piece together the history of sharks but could only make educated guesses that sharks might have come from fish with actual bones. However, a recent breakthrough has opened up new possibilities for understanding where sharks came from. Using advanced CT scanning technology, Maisey and his team examined the only known fossil of an ancient fish called Doliodus problematicus. This fossil is 400 million years old and was first discovered in the mid-1990s in Canada. For years, researchers could only study it from the outside, but in 2014, new CT scanning technology allowed them to look deeper into its structure without damaging it. What they found could be a missing link in the shark evolution puzzle. The scan revealed surprising details. Unlike modern sharks, which are smooth and lack external spines (棘刺), the Doliodus fossil had spines along its back and near its lower body. These spines were similar to those found in an older type of fish with both bony and shark-like characteristics. It also had jaws and teeth like those of modern sharks, showing a mix of features from early bony fish and today’s sharks. This makes Doliodus an important connection between two groups of fish, offering new clues about shark evolution. “This is a major discovery,” says Michael Coates, an evolutionary biologist at the University of Chicago. Coates believes that these findings support the idea that acanthodians, the ancient group with both bony and shark-like characteristics, could represent an important step in the early development of sharks. Maisey’s research encourages scientists to revisit acanthodians, an extinct group of fish with both bony and shark-like features. These ancient creatures are thought to represent a transitional stage in fish evolution, potentially reshaping what we know about the origins of sharks. 63．Main Idea: What is the passage primarily about? A．Finding a new shark species with advanced technology. B．The role of sharks in the extinction of ancient fish species. C．An important discovery in understanding how sharks evolved. D．Efforts to uncover the origins of sharks through fossil research. 64．Why is it tricky to study the evolution of sharks? A．Their skeletons rarely endure over time. B．Their remains are hard to find in ancient rock layers. C．Their evolutionary history is too recent to be understood. D．Their bones have been confused with those of other fish species. 65．What is the significance of the Doliodus problematicus fossil? A．It confirms that sharks evolved mainly from acanthodians. B．It suggests that ancient sharks lacked both jaws and spines. C．It proves that sharks are directly related to modern bony fish. D．It shows a connection between early bony fish and modern sharks. 66．How is the passage organized? A．By describing several fossils before focusing on Doliodus. B．By comparing features of sharks and acanthodians in detail. C．By explaining the difficulties in studying sharks and sharing new findings. D．By summarizing past research on ancient fish without introducing new insights. 【答案】63．C 64．A 65．D 66．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了科学家们对鲨鱼起源和演化的研究，特别是通过CT扫描技术发现的一种古代鱼类化石对理解鲨鱼演化的重要意义。 63．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，特别是第一段中“Scientists know little about how sharks came to exist because of the way their skeletons are made.(由于鲨鱼的骨骼构造方式，科学家们对鲨鱼是如何存在的知之甚少)”以及后文对Doliodus problematicus化石的描述与其对于鲨鱼演化研究的重要性可知，文章主要讨论了关于鲨鱼演化的一个重要发现。故选C项。 64．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Sharks have skeletons (骨骼) mostly made of cartilage, a soft and flexible material that doesn’t fossilize (成为化石) well. As a result, sharks don’t leave clear remains like animals with hard bones. This means that shark skeletons don’t leave behind the same clear, lasting remains as animals with bony skeletons.(鲨鱼的骨骼主要由软骨组成，软骨是一种柔软且灵活的材料，不易形成化石。因此，鲨鱼不会像硬骨动物那样留下清晰的遗骸。这意味着鲨鱼的骨骼不会像其他动物那样留下清晰、持久的遗骸)”可知，鲨鱼的骨骼不易形成化石，因此它们的骨骼很少能保存下来供科学家研究，这使得研究鲨鱼的演化变得困难。故选A项。 65．细节理解题。根据第三段“The scan revealed surprising details. Unlike modern sharks, which are smooth and lack external spines (棘刺), the Doliodus fossil had spines along its back and near its lower body. These spines were similar to those found in an older type of fish with both bony and shark-like characteristics. It also had jaws and teeth like those of modern sharks, showing a mix of features from early bony fish and today’s sharks.(扫描揭示了令人惊讶的细节。与现代鲨鱼光滑且没有外部棘刺不同，Doliodus化石的背部和身体下部附近有棘刺。这些棘刺与一种更古老的、同时具有骨质和鲨鱼特征的鱼类身上的棘刺相似。它还有像现代鲨鱼那样的下颚和牙齿，显示出早期硬骨鱼和现代鲨鱼的特征混合)”可知，Doliodus problematicus化石展示了早期硬骨鱼和现代鲨鱼之间的联系。故选D项。 66．推理判断题。根据第一段“Scientists know little about how sharks came to exist because of the way their skeletons are made.(由于鲨鱼的骨骼构造方式，科学家们对鲨鱼是如何存在的知之甚少)”、第二段“However, a recent breakthrough has opened up new possibilities for understanding where sharks came from. Using advanced CT scanning technology, Maisey and his team examined the only known fossil of an ancient fish called Doliodus problematicus.(然而，最近的一项突破为理解鲨鱼的起源开辟了新的可能性。Maisey和他的团队使用先进的CT扫描技术，检查了唯一已知的古代鱼类化石，名为Doliodus problematicus)”和最后一段中“Coates believes that these findings support the idea that acanthodians, the ancient group with both bony and shark-like characteristics, could represent an important step in the early development of sharks. Maisey’s research encourages scientists to revisit acanthodians, an extinct group of fish with both bony and shark-like features. These ancient creatures are thought to represent a transitional stage in fish evolution, potentially reshaping what we know about the origins of sharks.(科茨认为这些发现印证了：兼具硬骨鱼类与鲨类特征的古老棘鱼类，很可能代表了鲨鱼早期演化的重要阶段。梅西的研究则促使科学界重新审视这种已灭绝的鱼类——它们同时具备硬骨特征与软骨特征，被认为代表了鱼类进化过程中的过渡阶段，或将重塑我们对鲨鱼起源的认知)”可知，文章首先解释了研究鲨鱼演化的困难，然后介绍了通过CT扫描技术发现的一种古代鱼类化石，以及这个发现对于理解鲨鱼演化的重要性。故选C项。 Section C Directions: Read the following passages. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Why California is burning For decades, environmentalists have warned that the world is going to burn. Mostly, they meant it figuratively. But footage (影像片段) of fires sweeping through the Amazon forest, parts of Australia and now, once again, California, makes it easy to believe the planet is, literally, on fire. So far this year, California has seen more than 2.5m acres burned and more than 3,700 structures destroyed. With over three months remaining of this year's fire season, few doubt the state is facing its worst yet. The fires themselves cannot be stopped; they are fueled by climate change layered on top of an ecosystem that burns regularly as part of its natural cycle. Hotter temperatures and drier landscapes mean more fires. 67 . It has made itself more vulnerable with out-of-date regulations and self-defeating policies. California does deserve credit for being the only American state to have adopted fire-safe building codes for what is known as the “wildland-urban interface”, where houses are sparsely dotted through tall, flammable (易燃的) trees and vegetation, often on steep slopes that flames can race up. Evidence suggests the codes do help limit damage. However, they apply only to new structures. 68 . Nor are there subsidies or other motivations to nudge people and firms to take on the heavy, complicated and expensive task of making buildings safe. Furthermore, the codes date back to 2008 and have not yet been updated to include the latest science on why buildings burn. 69 . Today, landscapers can still draw up designs where bark mulch — an almost perfect fuel — is laid down around a home, office, or even hospital. Fire-risk maps and zoning, which determine who must follow building codes, are in desperate need of a rethink. Among other things, they consider urbanized areas “unburnable”, which ignores science showing that the majority of buildings catch fire when flying embers (余烬) are blown a mile or more away from the flaming vegetation. 70 . When Coffey Park in Santa Rosa was destroyed by wildfire in 2017, the city vowed to rebuild better, but it hesitated because of unfounded fears that being fire-safe would be a lot more costly. Strict fire codes were not enforced, and the community once more had to evacuate during a fire in 2019 rather than shelter-in-place. No wonder California is caught in a burn-rebuild-burn-again cycle. The fires are not going away. But if state leaders rethought their misguided policies, they would at least wreak less havoc. A．However, much of California’s mess nowadays is of its-own-making. B．They also do nothing about the need to improve most of the existing houses and other properties. C．California has failed to encourage homeowners to move out of the most dangerous areas. D．As a result, communities that are at risk from wildfires are not held to fire-safety rules — sometimes with very serious consequences. E．On September 7th, a utility serving northern California shut off the power supply to tens of thousands of homes. F．That includes strong evidence that the first five feet around a structure are key to its defense but all too often consist of flammable materials. 【答案】67．A 68．B 69．F 70．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。这篇文章解释了加州野火频发且损失惨重的原因：气候变化加剧了本就易燃的生态环境，加州的防火建筑法规陈旧且执行不力。 67．上文“The fires themselves cannot be stopped; they are fueled by climate change layered on top of an ecosystem that burns regularly as part of its natural cycle. Hotter temperatures and drier landscapes mean more fires. (这些火灾本身无法被阻止；它们的燃料来自于气候变化，而气候变化又叠加在一个本就会定期燃烧的生态系统之上 —— 燃烧本就是该系统自然循环的一部分。更高的温度和更干燥的地貌意味着会有更多的火灾)”指出燃烧是自然循环的一部分，更高的温度和更干燥的地貌意味着更多的火灾，即自然原因导致火灾。下文“It has made itself more vulnerable with out-of-date regulations and self-defeating policies.(过时的法规和弄巧成拙的政策使它变得更加脆弱)”指出法规和政策使加利福尼亚变得更脆弱。由此可知，火灾不仅是自然造成的，加利福尼亚州本身也要负责。A项“然而，如今加州的许多混乱都是它自己造成的。”符合语境，承上启下。故选A。 68．上文“Evidence suggests the codes do help limit damage. However, they apply only to new structures. (有证据表明，这些规范确实有助于限制损害。然而，它们只适用于新建筑)”指出规范仅适合新建筑。下文“Nor are there subsidies or other motivations to nudge people and firms to take on the heavy, complicated and expensive task of making buildings safe.(也没有补贴或其他动机来推动人们和公司承担使建筑安全的繁重、复杂和昂贵的任务)”指出没有推动人们和公司承担建筑安全的动机。上下文都是负面信息，由此推知，空处继续陈述规范的弊端，以衔接上下文。B项“它们对于改善大多数现有房屋和其他房产的需求也毫无帮助。”符合语境，选项中的they指代上文的codes。故选B。 69．上文“Furthermore, the codes date back to 2008 and have not yet been updated to include the latest science on why buildings burn.(此外，这些规范可追溯到2008年，尚未更新以包括有关建筑物燃烧原因的最新科学)”指出规范未更新，没有指出建筑物燃烧原因的最新科学。由此推知，下文可能举例陈述规范的不足之处。F项“这其中包括有力的证据表明，建筑物周围最初的五英尺范围是其防御的关键，但这一区域却往往布满了易燃材料。”符合语境。故选F。 70．上文“Among other things, they consider urbanized areas “unburnable”, which ignores science showing that the majority of buildings catch fire when flying embers (余烬) are blown a mile or more away from the flaming vegetation. (他们还把城市化区域视为“不可燃烧的”，这一观点忽略了科学证据——当燃烧的植被产生的飞火（燃烧的余烬）被风吹到一英里或更远的地方时，大多数建筑物都会起火)”指出燃烧产生的余烬被风吹起来时可能导致周围或更远的建筑物着火，即没有区域是“不可燃烧的”。由此猜测，空处陈述这种不科学划分导致的结果。D项“因此，那些面临野火风险的社区并未被要求遵守消防安全规定 —— 有时会造成非常严重的后果。”符合语境。故选D。 IV. Summary Writing (10分) Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. How Ants May Save You from Traffic Jams The free flow of traffic becomes unstable as the density of cars increases on a highway. At 15 vehicles per mile per lane, one driver tapping their brakes can trigger a persistent wave of congestion “It’s a kind of phase transition,” like water turning from a liquid to a solid form, says Katsuhiro Nishinari, a physicist at the University of Tokyo, who studies these jamming transitions. Nishinari’s previous research had shown that foraging (觅食的) ants can maintain their flow even at high densities. In a recent study, researchers recorded Ochetellus ants on foraging trails and used traffic-engineering models to analyze their movement. They found that the ants don’t jam because they travel in groups of three to 20 that move at nearly constant rates while keeping good distances between one another — and they don’t speed up to pass others. Self-driving cars, if they one day become common, could have more cooperative programming. In one vision of this future, autonomous vehicles would share information with nearby cars to optimize traffic flow perhaps, the researchers suggests, by prioritizing constant speeds or by not passing others on the road. “There is no leader,” but this organization emerges anyway. And in both ant and vehicle traffic this type of distributed system can be “very, very strong” and resilient, Nishinari says. “Still, ants can forge trails as wide as they like, unlike drivers stuck on highways. The insects do sometimes jam up when confined in tunnels, but to keep things moving, they’ll find a way to walk on the ceiling” she says. Today’s drivers can learn at least one thing from ants to avoid causing a traffic jam, Nishinari says: don’t drive too closely behind another vehicle. By leaving room between their car and the one ahead of them, drivers can absorb a wave of braking in dense traffic conditions that would otherwise be amplified (放大) into a full-blown “phantom” traffic jam with no obvious cause. “Just keeping away,” he says, can help traffic flow smoothly. 71.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Highway traffic tends to get congested as car density increases. However, foraging ants can maintain smooth flow even at high densities by moving in groups with constant speeds, proper distances, and no overtaking. Self-driving cars can draw on this pattern, and today’s drivers should also keep a safe distance from the vehicle ahead to ensure traffic flows smoothly. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍，高速公路上车流量大时易出现拥堵，而研究发现觅食蚂蚁在高密度下能保持流动，其原因是蚂蚁成群且速度稳定、间距合理，不会超车。自动驾驶汽车可借鉴这种模式，司机也能从蚂蚁身上学到保持车距以避免拥堵的方法。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ① The free flow of traffic becomes unstable as the density of cars increases on a highway. ② Nishinari’s previous research had shown that foraging ants can maintain their flow even at high densities. ③ They found that the ants don’t jam because they travel in groups of three to 20 that move at nearly constant rates while keeping good distances between one another — and they don’t speed up to pass others. ④ Self-driving cars could have more cooperative programming, like autonomous vehicles sharing information to optimize traffic flow by prioritizing constant speeds or not passing others. ⑤ Today’s drivers can learn from ants to avoid causing a traffic jam: don’t drive too closely behind another vehicle. 2. 缜密构思 将要点①②③整合，说明交通拥堵现象及蚂蚁不拥堵的原因；将要点④⑤整合，阐述从蚂蚁身上得到的启示及应用。 3. 遣词造句 Highway traffic easily gets congested as car density rises. However, foraging ants can keep flowing even at high densities as they move in groups with constant speeds, proper distances and no overtaking. Self-driving cars can learn from this, and today’s drivers should also keep a safe distance from the car ahead to ensure smooth traffic. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Highway traffic tends to get congested as car density increases.（运用了as引导的原因状语从句，整合了交通拥堵现象与蚂蚁不拥堵的原因，逻辑清晰。） 【高分句型2】 However, foraging ants can maintain smooth flow even at high densities by moving in groups with constant speeds, proper distances, and no overtaking. （运用动名词短语作宾语，说明高密度蚂蚁觅食也不会用拥堵的现象，表达清晰。） 【高分句型3】 Self-driving cars can draw on this pattern, and today’s drivers should also keep a safe distance from the vehicle ahead to ensure traffic flows smoothly.（运用不定式作目的状语，清晰表达了自动驾驶的应用，句式高级。） V. Translation (第1-2句，每句3分；第3句，4分；第4句5分；共15分) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 72数字化工具在建筑行业的应用越来越广泛。（there be） 【答案】There is an increasingly wide application of digital tools in the construction industry. 【详解】考查短语、时态和there be句型。表示“人或事物的存在”用there be句型；陈述客观事实，用一般现在时；“数字化工具”翻译为 digital tool；“在建筑行业”翻译为 in the construction industry；“应用越来越广泛”翻译为increasingly wide application。故翻译为There is an increasingly wide application of digital tools in the construction industry. 73．在这张导览图上，十几种便民服务用不同颜色标注了出来。(mark) 【答案】In this guide map, more than a dozen convenience services are marked in different colors. 【详解】考查固定短语和被动语态。表示“在这张导览图上”应用介词短语 in this guide map，在句中作地点状语；表示“十几种便民服务”应用名词短语 more than a dozen convenience services；题目要求使用mark，结合语义“服务被标注”，句子需用被动语态，因句子表示的是一个客观情况，谓语动词使用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为复数，助动词用are，mark 的过去分词为 marked；表示“用不同颜色”应用介词短语in different colors，在句中作方式状语，故翻译为In this guide map, more than a dozen services are marked in different colors. 74来自全国各地的选手在空中放飞风筝，争相展示他们的风筝技艺和创新风格。(display) 【答案】Participants from all over the country flew kites in the air, competing to display their kite-flying skills and innovative styles. 【详解】考查动词、名词和形容词。分析句子可知，这里时态可用一般过去时表过去情况。表示“来自全国各地的选手”应用participants from all over the country，在本句中作主语，其中from all over the country(来自全国各地的)为介词短语作后置定语；表示“在空中放飞风筝”应用flew kites in the air，其中in the air(在空中)为介词短语作状语；表示“争相展示”应用competing to display，主句主语Participants与compete为主动关系，所以这里用现在分词形式作状语；表示“他们的风筝技艺和创新风格”应用their kite-flying skills and innovative styles，为名词短语作宾语。故翻译为Participants from all over the country flew kites in the air, competing to display their kite-flying skills and innovative styles. 75既要让森林与城市融合，更要让市民充分参与并享受绿色城市的氛围，与自然和谐共生。(It) 【答案】It is essential to integrate forests with the city and, more importantly, to encourage citizens to fully enjoy the atmosphere of a green city, living in harmony with nature. 【详解】考查固定句型，短语，时态和非谓语动词。本句描述客观事实，用一般现在时，根据句意和提示可用固定句型It is essential to do（有必要做某事），让森林与城市融合表达为“integrate forests with the city”，”更要、更重要的是”可以用短语more importantly，鼓励某人去做某事用固定短语“encourage sb to go”，所以“让市民充分参与并享受绿色城市的氛围”翻译为“encourage citizens to fully enjoy the atmosphere of a green city”，和“integrate forests with the city”并列，用and连接，与自然和谐共生表达为“live in harmony with nature”，此处用现在分词作伴随状语，故翻译为It is essential to integrate forests with the city and, more importantly, to encourage citizens to fully enjoy the atmosphere of a green city, living in harmony with nature. VI. Guided Writing （25分） Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 76．Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 学校科技节将举办“青少年数字素养”主题论坛（Forum on Teenage Digital Literacy），请作为高三年级的张明写一篇演讲稿： 1.结合一次个人经历，谈谈数字技术带来的便利；​ 2.分享一条你认为重要的网络信息辨别方法。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】范文： Dear teachers and fellow students, It’s a great honor to stand here. As Gen Z, we live with digital tech, which means embracing its benefits and handling its complexities. Last winter, our physics class tackled electromagnetism — a topic that left me confused. Then I stumbled upon an educational platform offering 3D animations, with the help of which I not only passed the quiz but also helped three classmates grasp the concepts. Yet convenience comes with risks, which is why developing information discernment is vital. One crucial method is to prioritize authoritative sources when evaluating online information. Last week a post claiming “drastic college entrance exam reforms” spread rapidly. Following this rule, I checked the Ministry of Education’s official website — no such announcement existed. It was a three-year-old hoax. This process helped calm my classmates’ anxieties. Let’s ride the wave of technology, but keep our compass of critical thinking sharp. Thank you. 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生以高三学生张明的身份，结合个人经历阐述数字技术的便利，并分享网络信息辨别方法，体现青少年数字素养。 【详解】1.词汇积累 荣誉：honor → privilege 应对：handle → address 困惑的：confused → puzzled 重要的：vital → crucial 2.句式拓展 同义句转换 原句：One crucial method is to prioritize authoritative sources when evaluating online information. 拓展句：One crucial method is that we should prioritize authoritative sources when we are evaluating online information. 【点睛】【高分句型1】As Gen Z, we live with digital tech, which means embracing its benefits and handling its complexities.(运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句) 【高分句型2】One crucial method is to prioritize authoritative sources when evaluating online information.(运用了when引导的时间状语从句的省略) 听力原文 1. Listening Comprehension Section A 1. M: It's very nice of you to invite me. W: I'm very glad you could come, Mr. Smith. Will you take a seat at the head of the table? Q: What is the probable relationship between the two speakers? 2. M: Hey, there will be a program on Channel 7 at 8 you might like. It's about cat. W: I haven't heard about it. But you are right. I am interested in it. Q: What will the woman probably do? 3. W: I've almost finished typing my homework paper. M: Tell me when it's ready. I'd like to see it Q: What does the man want to do? 4. M: I don't think it's a good idea to spend more time chatting on line. I mean it is really a waste of time W: Well, but I think sometimes chatting on line can help you to reduce your stress and make you feel a little bit relaxed Q: Who is in favor of chatting on line? 5. M: The University Bookstore opens at 9 in the morning. W: Oh dear, I need a textbook for 8 o'clock class today. Q: What does the woman mean? 6. W: Hello, dear, are you still busy? The Browns have to leave for the airport in twenty minutes M: Ok, one more phone call and I'll be ready to leave. Q: What are they going to do? 7. M: I have to go to class because I have a test, but if I could, I'd go with you to the movie. W: That's too bad. I wish you could come along Q: What can we learn from the conversation? 8. W: Hello. This is Mary. I'm calling to see if my blood test results are in. M: Dr. Smith just sent them to the lab last night, so the earliest time they could be back is tomorrow morning. Q: What does the man mean? 9. W: I'm going to tell the neighbor of mine to turn down the music once and for all. M: I see why you are angry. But I've always found the polite route is the most effective. Q: What does the man mean? 10. W: Is it supposed to rain tomorrow? M: If you believe the weather broadcast, we'd better bring our umbrella. Q: What does the man mean? Section B Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. There's a book I have to recommend to anyone interested in the state of our consumer society. It's called Amusing Ourselves to Death by Neil Postman. Postman doesn't go through all the environmental effects of consumerism, the damage to the ecology, or whatever. He focuses instead on how society's addiction to television is slowly destroying our ability to think and reason. An example he gives is the way that politicians speak. 150 years ago in the U. S., people listening to public debates were accustomed to hearing and processing complex ideas in paragraph-length sentences. Today, however, most politicians speak in very simple, short sentences because the public cannot pay attention to anything longer. Postman blames this on the shift from a text-based, reading society to a TV-viewing society. Before TV, people spoke and thought in terms of the printed word. But, these days, people can't do that because TV had taught them to get ideas in the form of pictures, not words. (Now listen to it again) Question11. What was the different about people 150 years ago? Question 12. Why does the speaker say television is responsible for the change? Question 13. What is the book about? Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. Every year I work at a summer camp for kids and I really enjoy seeing the children do things they never thought they could do. Nearly all the kids know how to swim and play table-tennis before they come, but things like rock climbing are new experiences for most. Some of them are very nervous, but after a bit of encouragement, they agree to try and they all get to the top in the end, which makes them feel great. The kids stay several weeks and some do miss home. You might expect it to be the really young ones who feel like that the most but it's actually the ten-to thirteen-year-olds. We don't let them use their mobile phones all the time. First we tell them they can phone home after lunch. Then when they ask again, usually after dinner, we say it's a bit too late to phone and suggest doing it the next day. Most children are fine in a couple of days and at the end of their stay, it's amazing how many come and thanks us because they have had a great time. It's not just the children who get lonely. We get parents who are on the phone the whole time, asking how their child is getting on, which is quite unnecessary. Often their son or daughter will be busy, playing games or doing something else, so we have to tell parents ring back another time. Some kids arrive dressed in smart, designer, new clothes and they sometimes argue when we tell them to change into something they won't mind getting dirty, but before long they realize what we mean. (Now listen to it again) Questions. Question 14. What does the speaker say about rock climbing at the camp? Question 15. What surprises the speaker about the children who stay at the camp? Question 16. What does the speaker think about some parents? Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. M: Good morning, Mrs. Smith. You want to see me? W: Yes, Tom. Let's review what you've done so far? You were hired as a mail clerk about five years ago. You have learned a lot since then, haven't you? M: Sure. I learned more about the company because I went around to different offices. Then I was promoted to a mail distribution clerk. That's two grades higher than the mail clerk. So I skipped a grade. I went from Grade I to Grade 3 W: Did you like that job? M: Yeah, my pay went up, and every year I moved up a step. Every time I moved up a step, I got a pay raise W: You were a boss. M: Right. After three years, the manager said he wanted to help me move up. They gave me a little test—arithmetic, and some typing. W: You did well on the test. M: Yes. I did well because I studied at an adult school, and I practiced at home before the test. So I got this job as a senior clerk. I'm a Grade 5 now W: Well. Tom, here is another chance to be promoted. We will give everybody two days of training on computers. The people who learn quickly can go to school for more training. M: You mean going to school on company time? Go to school instead of coming to work? W: Yes, because it will help you in your wok later. You can be promoted to production programming after you've learned to use computer. The job starts at Grade 7. M: Well, I'd like to think about it for a few days. Maybe I should stay where I am now. (Now listen to it again) Question17. How many years did it take the man to move up to Grade 5? Question 18. Who can get the chance to go to school for more training? Question 19. What is mainly discussed in the conversation? Question20. What can be inferred from the conversation? 试卷第2页，共29页 试卷第1页，共29页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $