专题02 基本句型和并列句(期中复习讲义)八年级英语上学期新教材冀教版

2025-10-09
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学段 初中
学科 英语
教材版本 初中英语冀教版八年级上册
年级 八年级
章节 Unit 1 Me and my class,Unit 3 Better you, better me!
类型 教案-讲义
知识点 基本句型,并列复合句
使用场景 同步教学-期中
学年 2025-2026
地区(省份) 全国
地区(市) -
地区(区县) -
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发布时间 2025-10-09
更新时间 2025-11-03
作者 💞ღ᭄ꦿ七安࿐
品牌系列 上好课·考点大串讲
审核时间 2025-10-09
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专题02 基本句型和并列句(期中复习讲义) 单元 语法点 常考题型 命题趋势 Unit 1 Unit 3 简单句的基本句型 并列句 1. 单项选择(判断句型类型、选并列连词) 2. 语法填空(补全句子成分、填并列连词) 3. 句型转换(改写句型,如把双宾句改为 “主语 + 谓 + 直宾 + to/for + 间宾”) 4. 短文填空(语篇中补全谓语、宾语或并列连词)5. 句子翻译(根据中文提示写出符合句型的英文句子) 1. 情境化与实用性结合:多围绕校园生活(如课堂活动、同学对话)、日常场景(如购物、出行)出题,要求在具体语境中判断句型和选用并列连词,如 “邀请朋友看电影” 用 and 表并列,“选择路线” 用 or 表选择。 2. 句型辨析聚焦核心:重点考查易混淆句型,如 “主 + 谓 + 表”(be 动词后接表语)与 “主 + 谓 + 宾”(实义动词后接宾语)、双宾句与宾补句的区别,避免成分误判。 3. 并列连词逻辑关联强化:不再孤立考连词词义,而是结合上下文逻辑(如转折、因果、选择)判断。 4. 语篇融合加深:常将基本句型和并列句嵌入短文,要求结合语篇补全成分或连词,如在记叙文里通过 “and” 连接连续动作,在议论文里用 “but” 引出观点转折。 知识点 简单句的基本句型 句式结构 意义 例句 主语 + 谓语 主语执行动作或具有某种状态 She sings. 她唱歌。 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 谓语动作影响到了直接宾语,宾语表示动作的承受者或陈述的对象。 He likes apples. 他喜欢苹果。 主语 + 谓语 + 表语 表语补充或说明主语的身份、性质或状态。谓语动词与表语之间用连系动词进行连接。 She is a doctor. 她是一名医生。 主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 谓语动作同时涉及到间接宾语和直接宾语。间接宾语表示接收或受益的对象,而直接宾语是动作的直接对象。 He gave me a book. 他给了我一本书。 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾补 宾语和宾语补足语一起形成了对主语的补充或说明。 We consider her a friend. 我们把她当作朋友。 解|题|技|巧 1.找谓语定句型: 先确定谓语动词:若是不及物动词(如 run, arrive),多为 “主 + 谓”; 若是及物动词(如 like, buy),看后面是否有 1 个宾语(主 + 谓 + 宾)或 2 个宾语(双宾句); 若是连系动词(如 be, look),多为 “主 + 谓 + 表”; 若及物动词后有 “宾语 + 补充成分”,且去掉补充成分意思不完整,为 “主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补”。 2.双宾句与宾补句区分技巧:在 “宾语” 后加 “be 动词”,若通顺则为宾补句(如 We call her Lily. → Her is Lily. 通顺,是宾补句);若不通顺则为双宾句(如 He gave me a book. → Me is a book. 不通顺,是双宾句)。 知识点 并列句(Compound sentences) 并列句由两个或两个以上的简单句构成,中间由连词连接。连词(conjunction,缩写为 conj)是一种虚词,不能独立作句子成分。我们已学过的 and, but, or, so(so 也可作连接副词)等都是并列连词,用于表示并列、转折、选择等关系。 (1)两个或两个以上的简单句由并列连词连接起来构成并列句。并列句常见结构是:简单句 + 并列连词 + 简单句。连词前一般用逗号(也可以不用)。 例如:My name is Lin Lin, and I really enjoy singing Beijing opera. (我叫琳琳,我非常喜欢唱京剧。) He was a great poet and he deeply loved his people and country. (他是一位伟大的诗人,他深深热爱着他的人民和国家。) I wanted to sing, but I didn’t feel confident enough to do that. (我想唱歌,但我觉得自己没有足够的信心去唱。) She was tired, so she stopped to rest. (她累了,所以停下来休息。) The people here grow their own vegetables so they can have fresh and healthy food. (这里的人们自己种植蔬菜,这样他们就能吃到新鲜健康的食物。) (2)如果简单句间的关系不是很紧密,并列连词可单独引导一个句子。 例如:I was the youngest player. I knew I was not tall and strong enough. And I wanted to be better. So I practiced more after training.(我是最年轻的队员。我知道自己不够高也不够强壮。而且我想要变得更优秀。所以训练结束后我会加练。) (3)连接副词也可以用来连接并列句。 例如:I want to buy a new computer — however, I don’t have enough money. (我想买一台新电脑,然而,我没有足够的钱。) My brother had his breakfast, then he went to school. (我哥哥 / 弟弟吃过早餐,然后去上学了。) (4)一个并列句,如果有一个或一个以上的并列分句是含有从句的复杂结构,那便是并列复合句。 例如:The man stole the jewelry, and he hid it in his house until he could safely get out of town. (那人偷了珠宝并把赃物藏匿家中,直到他能够安全地逃出市镇。 ) (5)常见的连词 并列连词 逻辑关系 功能 例句 and 并列 / 顺承 连接两个意义相近、顺承的句子,表 “和、然后” I like coffee, and she likes tea. (我喜欢咖啡,她喜欢茶。) but 转折 连接两个意义相反、对比的句子,表 “但是” It’s sunny today, but it’s cold. (今天晴天,但很冷。) or 选择 / 否定条件 1. 表 “选择”,意为 “或者”; 2. 表 “否定条件”,意为 “否则” You can go by bus, or you can walk.(你可以坐公交去,或者走路去。) so 因果 连接前因后果的句子,表 “所以” She was tired, so she went to bed early.(她很累,所以早早就睡了。) 易|错|点|拨 1.并列连词与从属连词混用:用 because(从属连词,表原因)和 so(并列连词,表结果)同时连接句子。如错误:Because it rained, so we stayed home.(二者不可同时用);正确:It rained, so we stayed home. / Because it rained, we stayed home. 2.or 的逻辑关系误判:误将 “否定条件” 的 or 理解为 “选择”。如错误:Hurry up, and you’ll be late.(“快点” 与 “迟到” 是否定条件,需用 or);正确:Hurry up, or you’ll be late. 3.缺少并列连词:两个简单句直接用逗号连接(逗号不能连接句子)。如错误:I like reading, I often go to the library.(需加 and 表顺承);正确:I like reading, and I often go to the library. 解|题|技|巧 1.看逻辑选连词: ◦表 “并列 / 顺承”(前后意义相近、动作连续)→ 用 and; ◦表 “转折”(前后意义相反、对比)→ 用 but; ◦表 “选择”(二选一)或 “否定条件”(否则)→ 用 or; ◦表 “因果”(前因后果)→ 用 so。 2.避坑技巧:记住 “because 和 so 不连用、though 和 but 不连用”,避免重复连接。 基础通关(测试时间:10分钟) 一、单项选择(共 10 小题,考查句型判断与并列连词) 1.Which sentence is “Subject + Predicate + Object” (S+V+O)? A. She smiles. B. He is tall. C. They eat rice. D. We are students. 【答案】C 【详解】句意:哪个句子是 “主 + 谓 + 宾” 结构?A 是 “主 + 谓”(smiles 是不及物动词);B 是 “主 + 谓 + 表”(is 是连系动词,tall 是表语);C 是 “主 + 谓 + 宾”(eat 是及物动词,rice 是宾语);D 是 “主 + 谓 + 表”(are 是连系动词,students 是表语)。故选 C。 2.My mother bought ______ a new dress. It’s “Subject + Predicate + Indirect Object + Direct Object”. A. me B. for me C. to me D. mine 【答案】A 【详解】句意:我妈妈给我买了一条新裙子。此句是双宾句(主 + 谓 + 间宾 + 直宾),间接宾语(人)用 me,故选 A。若用 “for”,需改为 bought a new dress for me(主 + 谓 + 直宾 + for + 间宾)。 3.The cake ______ delicious. It’s “Subject + Predicate + Predicative”. A. tastes B. eats C. makes D. cooks 【答案】A 【详解】句意:蛋糕尝起来很美味。此句是 “主 + 谓 + 表” 结构,需用连系动词 tastes(尝起来),后接形容词 delicious 作表语。eats/makes/cooks 是实义动词,后需接宾语,不符合句型。故选 A。 4.Hurry up, ______ you’ll miss the bus. A. and B. but C. or D. so 【答案】C 【详解】句意:快点,否则你会错过公交车。“快点” 与 “错过公交” 是 “否定条件” 关系,用 or(否则),故选 C。 5.Which sentence is “Subject + Predicate + Object + Object Complement”? A. He gave her a pen. B. We keep the room clean. C. She looks happy. D. They played football. 【答案】B 【详解】句意:哪个句子是 “主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补” 结构?A 是双宾句;B 是 “主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补”(the room 是宾语,clean 是宾补,补充说明房间的状态);C 是 “主 + 谓 + 表”;D 是 “主 + 谓 + 宾”。故选 B。 6.She is tired, ______ she stops to rest. A. and B. but C. or D. so 【答案】D 【详解】句意:她很累,所以停下来休息。“累” 是 “休息” 的原因,表因果关系,用 so,故选 D。 7.Tom ______ his little brother “Lucky”. It’s a sentence with an object complement. A. calls B. gives C. shows D. tells 【答案】A 【详解】句意:汤姆叫他的弟弟 “幸运”。此句有宾补(Lucky 补充说明宾语 his little brother 的名字),call(称)后可接 “宾语 + 宾补”,give/show/tell 后多接双宾语,故选 A。 8.We ______ to the park yesterday. It’s “Subject + Predicate”. A. go B. went C. go to D. went to 【答案】B 【详解】句意:我们昨天去公园了。此句是 “主 + 谓” 结构,go 是不及物动词,后接 to the park(地点状语),但核心句型仍为 “主 + 谓”;根据 yesterday,用过去式 went,故选 B。 9.I like English, ______ my best friend likes math. A. and B. but C. or D. so 【答案】A 【详解】句意:我喜欢英语,我最好的朋友喜欢数学。前后句是并列关系(分别说明两人的喜好),用 and,故选 A。 10.The teacher told ______ a funny story. It’s a double-object sentence. A. we B. us C. our D. ours 【答案】B 【详解】句意:老师给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。此句是双宾句(主 + 谓 + 间宾 + 直宾),间接宾语(人)用宾格 us,故选 B。 二、用括号内所给词的适当形式填空(共 10 小题,考查句型成分与并列连词) 1.My father ______ (work) in a factory. It’s “Subject + Predicate”. 【答案】works 【详解】句意:我爸爸在一家工厂工作。此句是 “主 + 谓” 结构,work 是不及物动词;主语 My father 是第三人称单数,一般现在时用 works,故填 works。 2.The music ______ (sound) beautiful. It’s “Subject + Predicate + Predicative”. 【答案】sounds 【详解】句意:这首音乐听起来很优美。此句是 “主 + 谓 + 表” 结构,sound 是连系动词,后接形容词 beautiful;主语 The music 是不可数名词,用 sounds,故填 sounds。 3.She ______ (give) me a pencil yesterday. It’s a double-object sentence. 【答案】gave 【详解】句意:她昨天给了我一支铅笔。此句是双宾句,give 的过去式是 gave,根据 yesterday 用过去时,故填 gave。 4.They are happy, ______ they sing loudly. (and/but/so) 【答案】so 【详解】句意:他们很开心,所以大声唱歌。“开心” 是 “唱歌” 的原因,表因果用 so,故填 so。 5.We ______ (consider) him a hero. It’s “Subject + Predicate + Object + Object Complement”. 【答案】consider 【详解】句意:我们认为他是英雄。此句是 “主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补” 结构,consider(认为)后接 “宾语 + 宾补”,主语 We 是复数,用原形,故填 consider。 6.He is tall, ______ he isn’t strong. (and/but/so) 【答案】but 【详解】句意:他很高,但不强壮。前后句表转折,用 but,故填 but。 7.Mom ______ (make) the soup very tasty. The underlined part is the object complement. 【答案】makes 【详解】句意:妈妈把汤做得很美味。此句是 “主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补” 结构,make 后接 “宾语(the soup)+ 宾补(tasty)”;主语 Mom 是第三人称单数,用 makes,故填 makes。 8.You can read a book, ______ you can watch TV. (and/or/so) 【答案】or 【详解】句意:你可以看书,或者看电视。表 “二选一” 的选择关系,用 or,故填 or。 9.The children ______ (play) football on the playground now. It’s “Subject + Predicate + Object”. 【答案】are playing 【详解】句意:孩子们现在正在操场上踢足球。此句是 “主 + 谓 + 宾” 结构,play 是及物动词,football 是宾语;根据 now 用现在进行时,故填 are playing。 10.I ______ (tell) her a secret last night. It’s a double-object sentence. 【答案】told 【详解】句意:昨晚我告诉了她一个秘密。此句是双宾句,tell 的过去式是 told,根据 last night 用过去时,故填 told。 重难突破(测试时间:10分钟) 一、单项选择(共 10 小题,考查复杂句型与连词逻辑) 1.My teacher ______ me that I should study hard. It’s “Subject + Predicate + Indirect Object + Direct Object”. A. said B. told C. spoke D. talked 【答案】B 【详解】句意:我的老师告诉我应该努力学习。此句是双宾句,tell 后可接 “间宾(me)+ 直宾(that 从句)”;say 后需接宾语从句(不接双宾),speak/talk 是不及物动词(后接 to),故选 B。 2.Which sentence has the same structure as “He made me laugh”? A. She bought him a gift. B. They felt very happy. C. We keep the door open. D. He is a clever boy. 【答案】C 【详解】句意:哪个句子和 “He made me laugh”(主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补)结构相同?A 是双宾句;B 是 “主 + 谓 + 表”;C 是 “主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补”(the door 是宾语,open 是宾补);D 是 “主 + 谓 + 表”。故选 C。 3.He wanted to buy a new bike, ______ he didn’t have enough money. A. and B. but C. or D. so 【答案】B 【详解】句意:他想买一辆新自行车,但没有足够的钱。“想买” 与 “没钱” 是转折关系,用 but,故选 B。 4.The boss ______ the workers finish the work on time. It’s “Subject + Predicate + Object + Object Complement”. A. asked B. told C. made D. wanted 【答案】C 【详解】句意:老板让工人们按时完成工作。此句是 “主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补” 结构,make 后接 “宾语 + 动词原形宾补”(finish 是原形);ask/tell/want 后接 “宾语 + to do”(如 ask sb. to finish),不符合,故选 C。 5.We will go to the zoo tomorrow, ______ it rains. A. and B. but C. or D. unless 【答案】D 【详解】句意:除非下雨,否则我们明天去动物园。“去动物园” 与 “下雨” 是 “否定条件”(若不下雨则去),unless(除非)相当于 “if not”,符合逻辑,故选 D。 6.Which sentence is NOT “Subject + Predicate + Object”? A. She wrote a letter. B. He plays basketball. C. The food smells good. D. I have a new bag. 【答案】C 【详解】句意:哪个句子不是 “主 + 谓 + 宾” 结构?A(wrote a letter)、B(plays basketball)、D(have a new bag)均是 “主 + 谓 + 宾”;C 是 “主 + 谓 + 表”(smells 是连系动词,good 是表语),故选 C。 7.My sister ______ me to help her with her homework. It’s a sentence with “to do” as the object complement. A. asked B. let C. made D. had 【答案】A 【详解】句意:我姐姐让我帮她做作业。“ask sb. to do”(让某人做某事)中,“to do” 是宾补;let/make/had 后接 “宾语 + 动词原形”(如 let me help),无 “to”,故选 A。 8.He is good at math, ______ he is weak in English. A. and B. but C. or D. so 【答案】B 【详解】句意:他擅长数学,但英语不好。“擅长数学” 与 “英语弱” 是转折关系,用 but,故选 B。 9.The little girl ______ her mother “Mum” every day. It’s “Subject + Predicate + Object + Object Complement”. A. calls B. gives C. shows D. teaches 【答案】A 【详解】句意:这个小女孩每天叫她妈妈 “妈妈”。call 后接 “宾语(her mother)+ 宾补(Mum)”,符合 “主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补” 结构;give/show/teach 后多接双宾语,故选 A。 10.You must study hard, ______ you’ll fall behind others. A. and B. but C. or D. so 【答案】C 【详解】句意:你必须努力学习,否则会落后于别人。“努力学习” 与 “落后” 是 “否定条件”(不努力则落后),用 or(否则),故选 C。 二、语法填空(共 10 小题,语篇中考查句型与连词) 阅读下面短文,根据句子结构或逻辑关系,在空白处填入适当的词(冠词、代词、连词等)或括号内单词的适当形式。 My name is Lucy. I 11. ______ (live) in a small town. Every morning, I get up at 7:00 and then I brush my teeth. After that, my mom 12. ______ (make) me breakfast. She often 13. ______ (give) me a glass of milk and a piece of bread. I like milk because it 14. ______ (taste) good. At 7:30, I go to school with my best friend, Lily. Lily is kind, 15. ______ she is a little shy. We walk to school every day, 16. ______ it’s not far from our homes. On the way, we often talk about our favorite subjects. I like English, 17. ______ Lily likes art. She draws very well, and she often 18. ______ (show) me her drawings. I always 19. ______ (call) her “little artist”. After school, we usually play together. Sometimes we go to the park, 20. ______ sometimes we do our homework at my home. We are happy every day. 1.【答案】live 【详解】句意:我住在一个小镇上。此句是 “主 + 谓” 结构,live 是不及物动词;主语 I 是第一人称,一般现在时用原形,故填 live。 2.【答案】makes 【详解】句意:之后,我妈妈给我做早餐。此句是双宾句(make sb. sth.),主语 my mom 是第三人称单数,用 makes,故填 makes。 3.【答案】gives 【详解】句意:她经常给我一杯牛奶和一片面包。此句是双宾句(give sb. sth.),主语 She 是第三人称单数,用 gives,故填 gives。 4.【答案】tastes 【详解】句意:我喜欢牛奶,因为它尝起来很好。此句是 “主 + 谓 + 表” 结构,taste 是连系动词,主语 it 是第三人称单数,用 tastes,故填 tastes。 5.【答案】but 【详解】句意:莉莉很善良,但有点害羞。前后句表转折,用 but,故填 but。 6.【答案】because 【详解】句意:我们每天走路去上学,因为学校离我们家不远。“走路” 是 “离家近” 的原因,用 because(从属连词,表原因),故填 because。 7.【答案】and 【详解】句意:我喜欢英语,莉莉喜欢美术。前后句表并列(说明两人的喜好),用 and,故填 and。 8.【答案】shows 【详解】句意:她画画很好,经常给我看她的画。此句是双宾句(show sb. sth.),主语 she 是第三人称单数,用 shows,故填 shows。 9.【答案】call 【详解】句意:我总是叫她 “小画家”。此句是 “主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补” 结构,call 后接 “宾语(her)+ 宾补(little artist)”,主语 I 是第一人称,用原形,故填 call。 10.【答案】and 【详解】句意:有时我们去公园,有时我们在我家做作业。前后句表并列(说明两种活动),用 and,故填 and。 易混易错(测试时间:10分钟) 一、单项选择(共 10 小题,考查易混句型与连词) 1.Which sentence is easily confused with “Subject + Predicate + Object”? A. He runs fast. B. She is a student. C. They eat dinner. D. It rains hard. 【答案】B 【详解】句意:哪个句子容易和 “主 + 谓 + 宾” 混淆?A(主 + 谓)、D(主 + 谓)不易混淆;C 是 “主 + 谓 + 宾”(eat 是及物动词,dinner 是宾语);B 是 “主 + 谓 + 表”(is 是连系动词,a student 是表语),易误判为 “主 + 谓 + 宾”,故选 B。 2.He ______ the door open. Many students mistake “open” for the object. A. keeps B. opens C. closes D. knocks 【答案】A 【详解】句意:他让门开着。很多学生把 “open” 误判为宾语。此句是 “主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补”(the door 是宾语,open 是宾补),keep 后接 “宾语 + 形容词宾补”;open(打开)是及物动词,后接宾语 the door(如 He opens the door),无宾补,故选 A。 3.—I want to go to the party, ______ I have to finish my homework first. —You can go after finishing it. A. and B. but C. or D. so 【答案】B 【详解】句意:—— 我想去参加派对,但必须先完成作业。—— 你可以完成后再去。“想去派对” 与 “要完成作业” 是转折关系,易误选 so(因果),实际 “作业” 是 “去派对” 的阻碍,用 but,故选 B。 4.My father ______ me a story every night. Some students mistake it for “Subject + Predicate + Object + Object Complement”. A. tells B. calls C. makes D. considers 【答案】A 【详解】句意:我爸爸每晚给我讲故事。有些学生误将其判为 “主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补”,实际是双宾句(tell sb. a story,sb. 是间宾,a story 是直宾);call/make/consider 后接宾补(如 call me Tom),故选 A。 5.The soup ______ salty. Don’t add more salt. Some students mistake “salty” for the adverb “saltyly”. A. tastes B. eats C. drinks D. cooks 【答案】A 【详解】句意:汤尝起来很咸。别再放盐了。此句是 “主 + 谓 + 表” 结构,taste 是连系动词,后接形容词 salty(易误填副词 saltyly,但连系动词后需接形容词);eats/drinks/cooks 是实义动词,后需接宾语,故选 A。 6.You can take the bus, ______ you can walk. Don’t mistake “or” for “and” (it’s a choice, not a 并列). A. and B. but C. or D. so 【答案】C 【详解】句意:你可以坐公交,或者走路。别把 “or” 误为 “and”(这是选择,不是并列)。“坐公交” 与 “走路” 是二选一的选择关系,用 or,易误选 and(表并列),故选 C。 7.Which sentence is NOT a double-object sentence? A. She passed me a pen. B. He bought a book for her. C. We call him Tom. D. Mom gave my brother a toy. 【答案】C 【详解】句意:哪个句子不是双宾句?A(pass sb. sth.)、B(buy sth. for sb.,双宾句的转换形式)、D(give sb. sth.)均是双宾句;C 是 “主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补”(him 是宾语,Tom 是宾补),易误判为双宾句,故选 C。 8.It was late, ______ we took a taxi. Don’t mistake “so” for “because” (it’s result, not cause). A. and B. but C. or D. so 【答案】D 【详解】句意:天晚了,所以我们坐了出租车。别把 “so” 误为 “because”(这是结果,不是原因)。“天晚” 是 “坐出租车” 的原因,后句是结果,用 so,易误选 because(表原因,需接原因句),故选 D。 9.The teacher ______ the students quiet. Don’t mistake it for “Subject + Predicate + Object” (it has an object complement). A. keeps B. lets C. makes D. asks 【答案】A 【详解】句意:老师让学生们保持安静。别把它误判为 “主 + 谓 + 宾”(它有宾补)。此句是 “主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补”(the students 是宾语,quiet 是宾补),keep 后接 “宾语 + 形容词宾补”;let/make 后接 “宾语 + 动词原形”(如 let students be quiet),ask 后接 “宾语 + to be quiet”,故选 A。 10.He is very rich, ______ he isn’t happy. Don’t mistake “but” for “so” (it’s a contrast, not a result). A. and B. but C. or D. so 【答案】B 【详解】句意:他很有钱,但不开心。别把 “but” 误为 “so”(这是对比,不是结果)。“有钱” 与 “不开心” 是转折对比,用 but,易误选 so(表结果,不符合逻辑),故选 B。 二、句型转换(共 5 小题,考查句型改写与纠错) 1.He gave me a new pen.(改为 “主语 + 谓语 + 直接宾语 + to + 间接宾语” 结构) He gave a new pen ______ ______. 【答案】to me 【详解】双宾句 “give sb. sth.” 可转换为 “give sth. to sb.”,间接宾语 me 前加 to,故填 to me。 2.We call her Lucy.(改为一般疑问句,需体现宾补) ______ you ______ her Lucy? 【答案】Do; call 【详解】含有实义动词 call 的一般疑问句,主语 you 是第二人称,用助动词 Do,后接动词原形 call,宾补 Lucy 保留,故填 Do; call。 3.The food tastes delicious.(改为否定句,注意连系动词的否定) The food ______ ______ delicious. 【答案】doesn’t taste 【详解】taste 是连系动词,否定需加助动词 doesn’t(主语 The food 是不可数名词),后接动词原形 taste,故填 doesn’t taste。 4.She is happy. She sings loudly.(用并列连词连接,表因果) She is happy, ______ she sings loudly. 【答案】so 【详解】“开心” 是 “大声唱歌” 的原因,表因果用 so,故填 so。 5.He made the boy cry.(改为被动语态,注意宾补变主补) The boy ______ ______ to cry by him. 【答案】was made 【详解】主动句 “make sb. do” 改为被动语态时,需加 to,即 “sb. be made to do”,主语 The boy 是单数,用 was made,故填 was made。 链接中考(测试时间:15分钟) 一、单项选择(选自近年中考真题,共 15 小题) 1.(2025・江苏淮安)Which sentence is “Subject + Predicate + Object”? A. The sun rises. B. She is kind. C. He reads books. D. They are students. 【答案】C 【详解】句意:哪个句子是 “主 + 谓 + 宾” 结构?A 是 “主 + 谓”;B 是 “主 + 谓 + 表”;C 是 “主 + 谓 + 宾”(reads 是及物动词,books 是宾语);D 是 “主 + 谓 + 表”。故选 C。 2.(2025・北京)—Hurry up, ______ you’ll miss the train. —I’m coming. A. and B. but C. or D. so 【答案】C 【详解】句意:—— 快点,否则你会错过火车。—— 我来了。“快点” 与 “错过火车” 是 “否定条件”,用 or(否则),故选 C。 3.(2024・天津)My mother ______ me a new sweater for my birthday. It’s a double-object sentence. A. bought B. made C. showed D. gave 【答案】A 【详解】句意:我妈妈给我买了一件新毛衣作为生日礼物。此句是双宾句(buy sb. sth.),结合 “for my birthday”,buy 符合语境(make/show/give 虽可接双宾,但 “买毛衣” 更贴合生日场景),故选 A。 4.(2024・河北)The cake ______ sweet. Would you like some? A. tastes B. feels C. sounds D. looks 【答案】A 【详解】句意:蛋糕尝起来很甜。你要来点吗?“甜” 是味觉感受,用连系动词 tastes,故选 A。 5.(2024・甘肃白银)He is good at playing basketball, ______ he doesn’t like playing football. A. and B. but C. or D. so 【答案】B 【详解】句意:他擅长打篮球,但不喜欢踢足球。前后句表转折,用 but,故选 B。 6.(2023・湖南湘西)Which sentence has an object complement? A. She gave me a pen. B. We painted the wall white. C. He is a teacher. D. They played games. 【答案】B 【详解】句意:哪个句子有宾补?A 是双宾句;B 是 “主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补”(the wall 是宾语,white 是宾补);C 是 “主 + 谓 + 表”;D 是 “主 + 谓 + 宾”。故选 B。 7.(2023・江苏淮安)—I want to go shopping, ______ I have no time. —Maybe you can go this weekend. A. and B. but C. or D. so 【答案】B 【详解】句意:—— 我想去购物,但没时间。—— 也许你这周末可以去。“想去购物” 与 “没时间” 是转折关系,用 but,故选 B。 8.(2023・西藏)The teacher told ______ that we should listen carefully in class. A. we B. us C. our D. ours 【答案】B 【详解】句意:老师告诉我们上课要认真听讲。此句是双宾句(tell sb. that 从句),间接宾语用宾格 us,故选 B。 9.(2023・四川甘孜)This story ______ interesting. All the children like it. A. sounds B. looks C. tastes D. smells 【答案】A 【详解】句意:这个故事听起来很有趣。所有孩子都喜欢它。“故事” 用 “听起来”(sounds)描述,故选 A。 10.(2023・辽宁丹东)—You can take a bus to the museum, ______ you can ride a bike. —Thanks. I’ll ride a bike. A. and B. but C. or D. so 【答案】C 【详解】句意:—— 你可以坐公交去博物馆,或者骑自行车。—— 谢谢。我会骑自行车。“坐公交” 与 “骑自行车” 是选择关系,用 or,故选 C。 11.(2023・辽宁沈阳)My father ______ me to play the piano when I was young. A. taught B. told C. asked D. made 【答案】A 【详解】句意:我小时候爸爸教我弹钢琴。此句是双宾句(teach sb. to do sth.),结合 “play the piano”,teach(教)符合语境,故选 A。 12.(2023・黑龙江绥化)Which sentence is “Subject + Predicate + Predicative”? A. He runs fast. B. She eats an apple. C. The flower is beautiful. D. We gave her a gift. 【答案】C 【详解】句意:哪个句子是 “主 + 谓 + 表” 结构?A 是 “主 + 谓”;B 是 “主 + 谓 + 宾”;C 是 “主 + 谓 + 表”(is 是连系动词,beautiful 是表语);D 是双宾句。故选 C。 13.(2022・山东济南)It rained heavily, ______ we stayed at home all day. A. and B. but C. or D. so 【答案】D 【详解】句意:雨下得很大,所以我们一整天都待在家里。“下雨” 是 “待在家” 的原因,表因果用 so,故选 D。 14.(2022・浙江杭州)They ______ the room clean every weekend. A. keep B. make C. let D. have 【答案】A 【详解】句意:他们每周都保持房间干净。此句是 “主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补” 结构,keep 后接 “宾语 + 形容词宾补”(keep the room clean);make/let/have 后接 “宾语 + 动词原形”(如 make the room clean 需说 make the room be clean),故选 A。 15.(2022・广东广州)—I like reading, ______ my brother likes playing sports. —You two have different hobbies. A. and B. but C. or D. so 【答案】A 【详解】句意:—— 我喜欢看书,我哥哥喜欢运动。—— 你们俩有不同的爱好。前后句表并列(说明两人的爱好),用 and,故选 A。 二、语法填空(选自近年中考改编题,共 5 小题) 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入适当的词或括号内单词的适当形式,补全句型或并列关系。 My uncle is a farmer. He 16. ______ (live) in the countryside. Every morning, he gets up early and 17. ______ (feed) the chickens. His wife often 18. ______ (cook) breakfast for him. The breakfast 19. ______ (taste) delicious. In the afternoon, my uncle works in the field. He grows vegetables, 20. ______ he sells them in the market. He is busy, but he is happy. 1.【答案】lives 【详解】句意:他住在乡下。此句是 “主 + 谓” 结构,live 是不及物动词;主语 He 是第三人称单数,用 lives,故填 lives。 2.【答案】feeds 【详解】句意:每天早上,他早起喂鸡。此句是 “主 + 谓 + 宾” 结构,feed 是及物动词,宾语是 the chickens;主语 he 是第三人称单数,用 feeds,故填 feeds。 3.【答案】cooks 【详解】句意:他的妻子经常给他做早餐。此句是双宾句(cook sth. for sb.),主语 His wife 是第三人称单数,用 cooks,故填 cooks。 4.【答案】tastes 【详解】句意:早餐尝起来很美味。此句是 “主 + 谓 + 表” 结构,taste 是连系动词,主语 The breakfast 是不可数名词,用 tastes,故填 tastes。 5.【答案】and 【详解】句意:他种蔬菜,然后在市场上卖。“种蔬菜” 与 “卖蔬菜” 是顺承并列关系,用 and,故填 and。 3 / 3 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $ 专题02 基本句型和并列句(期中复习讲义) 单元 语法点 常考题型 命题趋势 Unit 1 Unit 3 简单句的基本句型 并列句 1. 单项选择(判断句型类型、选并列连词) 2. 语法填空(补全句子成分、填并列连词) 3. 句型转换(改写句型,如把双宾句改为 “主语 + 谓 + 直宾 + to/for + 间宾”) 4. 短文填空(语篇中补全谓语、宾语或并列连词)5. 句子翻译(根据中文提示写出符合句型的英文句子) 1. 情境化与实用性结合:多围绕校园生活(如课堂活动、同学对话)、日常场景(如购物、出行)出题,要求在具体语境中判断句型和选用并列连词,如 “邀请朋友看电影” 用 and 表并列,“选择路线” 用 or 表选择。 2. 句型辨析聚焦核心:重点考查易混淆句型,如 “主 + 谓 + 表”(be 动词后接表语)与 “主 + 谓 + 宾”(实义动词后接宾语)、双宾句与宾补句的区别,避免成分误判。 3. 并列连词逻辑关联强化:不再孤立考连词词义,而是结合上下文逻辑(如转折、因果、选择)判断。 4. 语篇融合加深:常将基本句型和并列句嵌入短文,要求结合语篇补全成分或连词,如在记叙文里通过 “and” 连接连续动作,在议论文里用 “but” 引出观点转折。 知识点 简单句的基本句型 句式结构 意义 例句 主语 + 谓语 主语执行动作或具有某种状态 She sings. 她唱歌。 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 谓语动作影响到了直接宾语,宾语表示动作的承受者或陈述的对象。 He likes apples. 他喜欢苹果。 主语 + 谓语 + 表语 表语补充或说明主语的身份、性质或状态。谓语动词与表语之间用连系动词进行连接。 She is a doctor. 她是一名医生。 主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 谓语动作同时涉及到间接宾语和直接宾语。间接宾语表示接收或受益的对象,而直接宾语是动作的直接对象。 He gave me a book. 他给了我一本书。 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾补 宾语和宾语补足语一起形成了对主语的补充或说明。 We consider her a friend. 我们把她当作朋友。 解|题|技|巧 1.找谓语定句型: 先确定谓语动词:若是不及物动词(如 run, arrive),多为 “主 + 谓”; 若是及物动词(如 like, buy),看后面是否有 1 个宾语(主 + 谓 + 宾)或 2 个宾语(双宾句); 若是连系动词(如 be, look),多为 “主 + 谓 + 表”; 若及物动词后有 “宾语 + 补充成分”,且去掉补充成分意思不完整,为 “主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补”。 2.双宾句与宾补句区分技巧:在 “宾语” 后加 “be 动词”,若通顺则为宾补句(如 We call her Lily. → Her is Lily. 通顺,是宾补句);若不通顺则为双宾句(如 He gave me a book. → Me is a book. 不通顺,是双宾句)。 知识点 并列句(Compound sentences) 并列句由两个或两个以上的简单句构成,中间由连词连接。连词(conjunction,缩写为 conj)是一种虚词,不能独立作句子成分。我们已学过的 and, but, or, so(so 也可作连接副词)等都是并列连词,用于表示并列、转折、选择等关系。 (1)两个或两个以上的简单句由并列连词连接起来构成并列句。并列句常见结构是:简单句 + 并列连词 + 简单句。连词前一般用逗号(也可以不用)。 例如:My name is Lin Lin, and I really enjoy singing Beijing opera. (我叫琳琳,我非常喜欢唱京剧。) He was a great poet and he deeply loved his people and country. (他是一位伟大的诗人,他深深热爱着他的人民和国家。) I wanted to sing, but I didn’t feel confident enough to do that. (我想唱歌,但我觉得自己没有足够的信心去唱。) She was tired, so she stopped to rest. (她累了,所以停下来休息。) The people here grow their own vegetables so they can have fresh and healthy food. (这里的人们自己种植蔬菜,这样他们就能吃到新鲜健康的食物。) (2)如果简单句间的关系不是很紧密,并列连词可单独引导一个句子。 例如:I was the youngest player. I knew I was not tall and strong enough. And I wanted to be better. So I practiced more after training.(我是最年轻的队员。我知道自己不够高也不够强壮。而且我想要变得更优秀。所以训练结束后我会加练。) (3)连接副词也可以用来连接并列句。 例如:I want to buy a new computer — however, I don’t have enough money. (我想买一台新电脑,然而,我没有足够的钱。) My brother had his breakfast, then he went to school. (我哥哥 / 弟弟吃过早餐,然后去上学了。) (4)一个并列句,如果有一个或一个以上的并列分句是含有从句的复杂结构,那便是并列复合句。 例如:The man stole the jewelry, and he hid it in his house until he could safely get out of town. (那人偷了珠宝并把赃物藏匿家中,直到他能够安全地逃出市镇。 ) (5)常见的连词 并列连词 逻辑关系 功能 例句 and 并列 / 顺承 连接两个意义相近、顺承的句子,表 “和、然后” I like coffee, and she likes tea. (我喜欢咖啡,她喜欢茶。) but 转折 连接两个意义相反、对比的句子,表 “但是” It’s sunny today, but it’s cold. (今天晴天,但很冷。) or 选择 / 否定条件 1. 表 “选择”,意为 “或者”; 2. 表 “否定条件”,意为 “否则” You can go by bus, or you can walk.(你可以坐公交去,或者走路去。) so 因果 连接前因后果的句子,表 “所以” She was tired, so she went to bed early.(她很累,所以早早就睡了。) 易|错|点|拨 1.并列连词与从属连词混用:用 because(从属连词,表原因)和 so(并列连词,表结果)同时连接句子。如错误:Because it rained, so we stayed home.(二者不可同时用);正确:It rained, so we stayed home. / Because it rained, we stayed home. 2.or 的逻辑关系误判:误将 “否定条件” 的 or 理解为 “选择”。如错误:Hurry up, and you’ll be late.(“快点” 与 “迟到” 是否定条件,需用 or);正确:Hurry up, or you’ll be late. 3.缺少并列连词:两个简单句直接用逗号连接(逗号不能连接句子)。如错误:I like reading, I often go to the library.(需加 and 表顺承);正确:I like reading, and I often go to the library. 解|题|技|巧 1.看逻辑选连词: ◦表 “并列 / 顺承”(前后意义相近、动作连续)→ 用 and; ◦表 “转折”(前后意义相反、对比)→ 用 but; ◦表 “选择”(二选一)或 “否定条件”(否则)→ 用 or; ◦表 “因果”(前因后果)→ 用 so。 2.避坑技巧:记住 “because 和 so 不连用、though 和 but 不连用”,避免重复连接。 基础通关(测试时间:10分钟) 一、单项选择(共 10 小题,考查句型判断与并列连词) 1.Which sentence is “Subject + Predicate + Object” (S+V+O)? A. She smiles. B. He is tall. C. They eat rice. D. We are students. 2.My mother bought ______ a new dress. It’s “Subject + Predicate + Indirect Object + Direct Object”. A. me B. for me C. to me D. mine 3.The cake ______ delicious. It’s “Subject + Predicate + Predicative”. A. tastes B. eats C. makes D. cooks 4.Hurry up, ______ you’ll miss the bus. A. and B. but C. or D. so 5.Which sentence is “Subject + Predicate + Object + Object Complement”? A. He gave her a pen. B. We keep the room clean. C. She looks happy. D. They played football. 6.She is tired, ______ she stops to rest. A. and B. but C. or D. so 7.Tom ______ his little brother “Lucky”. It’s a sentence with an object complement. A. calls B. gives C. shows D. tells 8.We ______ to the park yesterday. It’s “Subject + Predicate”. A. go B. went C. go to D. went to 9.I like English, ______ my best friend likes math. A. and B. but C. or D. so 10.The teacher told ______ a funny story. It’s a double-object sentence. A. we B. us C. our D. ours 二、用括号内所给词的适当形式填空(共 10 小题,考查句型成分与并列连词) 1.My father ______ (work) in a factory. It’s “Subject + Predicate”. 2.The music ______ (sound) beautiful. It’s “Subject + Predicate + Predicative”. 3.She ______ (give) me a pencil yesterday. It’s a double-object sentence. 4.They are happy, ______ they sing loudly. (and/but/so) 5.We ______ (consider) him a hero. It’s “Subject + Predicate + Object + Object Complement”. 6.He is tall, ______ he isn’t strong. (and/but/so) 7.Mom ______ (make) the soup very tasty. The underlined part is the object complement. 8.You can read a book, ______ you can watch TV. (and/or/so) 9.The children ______ (play) football on the playground now. It’s “Subject + Predicate + Object”. 10.I ______ (tell) her a secret last night. It’s a double-object sentence. 重难突破(测试时间:10分钟) 一、单项选择(共 10 小题,考查复杂句型与连词逻辑) 1.My teacher ______ me that I should study hard. It’s “Subject + Predicate + Indirect Object + Direct Object”. A. said B. told C. spoke D. talked 2.Which sentence has the same structure as “He made me laugh”? A. She bought him a gift. B. They felt very happy. C. We keep the door open. D. He is a clever boy. 3.He wanted to buy a new bike, ______ he didn’t have enough money. A. and B. but C. or D. so 4.The boss ______ the workers finish the work on time. It’s “Subject + Predicate + Object + Object Complement”. A. asked B. told C. made D. wanted 5.We will go to the zoo tomorrow, ______ it rains. A. and B. but C. or D. unless 6.Which sentence is NOT “Subject + Predicate + Object”? A. She wrote a letter. B. He plays basketball. C. The food smells good. D. I have a new bag. 7.My sister ______ me to help her with her homework. It’s a sentence with “to do” as the object complement. A. asked B. let C. made D. had 8.He is good at math, ______ he is weak in English. A. and B. but C. or D. so 9.The little girl ______ her mother “Mum” every day. It’s “Subject + Predicate + Object + Object Complement”. A. calls B. gives C. shows D. teaches 10.You must study hard, ______ you’ll fall behind others. A. and B. but C. or D. so 二、语法填空(共 10 小题,语篇中考查句型与连词) 阅读下面短文,根据句子结构或逻辑关系,在空白处填入适当的词(冠词、代词、连词等)或括号内单词的适当形式。 My name is Lucy. I 11. ______ (live) in a small town. Every morning, I get up at 7:00 and then I brush my teeth. After that, my mom 12. ______ (make) me breakfast. She often 13. ______ (give) me a glass of milk and a piece of bread. I like milk because it 14. ______ (taste) good. At 7:30, I go to school with my best friend, Lily. Lily is kind, 15. ______ she is a little shy. We walk to school every day, 16. ______ it’s not far from our homes. On the way, we often talk about our favorite subjects. I like English, 17. ______ Lily likes art. She draws very well, and she often 18. ______ (show) me her drawings. I always 19. ______ (call) her “little artist”. After school, we usually play together. Sometimes we go to the park, 20. ______ sometimes we do our homework at my home. We are happy every day. 易混易错(测试时间:10分钟) 一、单项选择(共 10 小题,考查易混句型与连词) 1.Which sentence is easily confused with “Subject + Predicate + Object”? A. He runs fast. B. She is a student. C. They eat dinner. D. It rains hard. 2.He ______ the door open. Many students mistake “open” for the object. A. keeps B. opens C. closes D. knocks 3.—I want to go to the party, ______ I have to finish my homework first. —You can go after finishing it. A. and B. but C. or D. so 4.My father ______ me a story every night. Some students mistake it for “Subject + Predicate + Object + Object Complement”. A. tells B. calls C. makes D. considers 5.The soup ______ salty. Don’t add more salt. Some students mistake “salty” for the adverb “saltyly”. A. tastes B. eats C. drinks D. cooks 6.You can take the bus, ______ you can walk. Don’t mistake “or” for “and” (it’s a choice, not a 并列). A. and B. but C. or D. so 7.Which sentence is NOT a double-object sentence? A. She passed me a pen. B. He bought a book for her. C. We call him Tom. D. Mom gave my brother a toy. 8.It was late, ______ we took a taxi. Don’t mistake “so” for “because” (it’s result, not cause). A. and B. but C. or D. so 9.The teacher ______ the students quiet. Don’t mistake it for “Subject + Predicate + Object” (it has an object complement). A. keeps B. lets C. makes D. asks 10.He is very rich, ______ he isn’t happy. Don’t mistake “but” for “so” (it’s a contrast, not a result). A. and B. but C. or D. so 二、句型转换(共 5 小题,考查句型改写与纠错) 1.He gave me a new pen.(改为 “主语 + 谓语 + 直接宾语 + to + 间接宾语” 结构) He gave a new pen ______ ______. 2.We call her Lucy.(改为一般疑问句,需体现宾补) ______ you ______ her Lucy? 3.The food tastes delicious.(改为否定句,注意连系动词的否定) The food ______ ______ delicious. 4.She is happy. She sings loudly.(用并列连词连接,表因果) She is happy, ______ she sings loudly. 5.He made the boy cry.(改为被动语态,注意宾补变主补) The boy ______ ______ to cry by him. 链接中考(测试时间:15分钟) 一、单项选择(选自近年中考真题,共 15 小题) 1.(2025・江苏淮安)Which sentence is “Subject + Predicate + Object”? A. The sun rises. B. She is kind. C. He reads books. D. They are students. 2.(2025・北京)—Hurry up, ______ you’ll miss the train. —I’m coming. A. and B. but C. or D. so 3.(2024・天津)My mother ______ me a new sweater for my birthday. It’s a double-object sentence. A. bought B. made C. showed D. gave 4.(2024・河北)The cake ______ sweet. Would you like some? A. tastes B. feels C. sounds D. looks 5.(2024・甘肃白银)He is good at playing basketball, ______ he doesn’t like playing football. A. and B. but C. or D. so 6.(2023・湖南湘西)Which sentence has an object complement? A. She gave me a pen. B. We painted the wall white. C. He is a teacher. D. They played games. 7.(2023・江苏淮安)—I want to go shopping, ______ I have no time. —Maybe you can go this weekend. A. and B. but C. or D. so 8.(2023・西藏)The teacher told ______ that we should listen carefully in class. A. we B. us C. our D. ours 9.(2023・四川甘孜)This story ______ interesting. All the children like it. A. sounds B. looks C. tastes D. smells 10.(2023・辽宁丹东)—You can take a bus to the museum, ______ you can ride a bike. —Thanks. I’ll ride a bike. A. and B. but C. or D. so 11.(2023・辽宁沈阳)My father ______ me to play the piano when I was young. A. taught B. told C. asked D. made 12.(2023・黑龙江绥化)Which sentence is “Subject + Predicate + Predicative”? A. He runs fast. B. She eats an apple. C. The flower is beautiful. D. We gave her a gift. 13.(2022・山东济南)It rained heavily, ______ we stayed at home all day. A. and B. but C. or D. so 14.(2022・浙江杭州)They ______ the room clean every weekend. A. keep B. make C. let D. have 15.(2022・广东广州)—I like reading, ______ my brother likes playing sports. —You two have different hobbies. A. and B. but C. or D. so 二、语法填空(选自近年中考改编题,共 5 小题) 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入适当的词或括号内单词的适当形式,补全句型或并列关系。 My uncle is a farmer. He 16. ______ (live) in the countryside. Every morning, he gets up early and 17. ______ (feed) the chickens. His wife often 18. ______ (cook) breakfast for him. The breakfast 19. ______ (taste) delicious. In the afternoon, my uncle works in the field. He grows vegetables, 20. ______ he sells them in the market. He is busy, but he is happy. 3 / 3 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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专题02 基本句型和并列句(期中复习讲义)八年级英语上学期新教材冀教版
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专题02 基本句型和并列句(期中复习讲义)八年级英语上学期新教材冀教版
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专题02 基本句型和并列句(期中复习讲义)八年级英语上学期新教材冀教版
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