内容正文:
第12讲 谓语动词的时态
目录
01 2
02 体系构建·思维可视 2
03 核心突破·靶向攻坚 3
必备基础知识 3
谓语动词时态的基本形式 4
考点一 一般时 4
知识点1 一般现在时 4
知识点2 一般过去时 5
知识点3 一般将来时和过去将来时 6
考向1 一般现在时 7
考向2 一般过去时 8
考向3 一般将来时和过去将来时 8
考点二 进行时 8
知识点1 现在进行时和过去进行时 8
知识点2 将来进行时 9
考向1 现在进行时 10
考向2 过去进行时 10
考向3将来进行时 10
考点三 完成时 10
知识点1 现在完成时 10
知识点2 过去完成时 11
知识点3 将来完成时 12
知识点4 现在完成进行时 12
考向1 现在完成时 12
考向2 过去完成时 12
考向3 将来完成时 12
考向4 现在完成进行时 13
04 真题溯源·考向感知 13
考点要求
考察形式
2025年
2024年
2023年
谓语动词的时态
选择题
非选择题
3月,7,过去完成时及其被动
3月,14,现在完成时及主谓一致
3月,3,现在完成进行时
6月,6,现在完成时及其被动
3月,11,将来进行时
3月,12,现在完成时及主谓一致
6月,7,现在进行时及其被动
考情分析:
高考天津卷通过语境考查考生对动词时态的掌握情况,考点主要集中在一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时、现在完成时、现在完成进行时、过去完成时,且常与主谓一致及被动语态搭配考查。
复习目标:
1. 掌握3种一般时的用法;
2. 掌握3种进行时的用法;
3. 掌握4种完成时的用法;
必备基础知识
谓语动词时态的基本形式
现在
过去
将来
过去将来
一般
一般现在时
do/does
一般过去时
did
一般将来时
will do
am/is/are going to do
am/is/are about to do
am/is/are to do
过去将来时
would do
was/were going to do
was/were about to do
was/were to do
进行
现在进行时
am/is/are doing
过去进行时
was/were doing
将来进行时
will be doing
过去将来进行时
完成
现在完成时
have/has done
过去完成时
had done
将来完成时
will have done
过去将来完成时
完成
进行
现在完成进行时
have/has been doing
过去完成进行时
将来完成进行时
过去将来完成进行时
考点一 一般时
知识点1 一般现在时
用法
示例
表示经常性、习惯性发生的动作或存在的状态
I leave home for school at 7:00 every morning. 我每天早上七点从家出发去学校。
She always takes a walk in the evening. 她总是在晚间散步。
表示主语现在的身份、特征、状态、能力、性格等
We are very busy these days. 这些天我们很忙。
The dangerous situation calls for a calm head. 危险的形势需要冷静的头脑。
表示客观事实、普遍真理或格言
Light travels faster than sound. 光比声音传播得快。
Time and tide wait for no man. 时不我待。
用于新闻标题、历史简介、小说章节标题或小说、电影、戏剧情节介绍、图片说明等
Bank Robbery: Robbers take $10,000 银行劫案:匪徒抢走一万美金 (新闻标题)
The Queen arrives for the opening ceremony. 女王出席了开幕式。(照片说明)
表示将来
用于时间状语从句、条件状语从句或让步状语从句,代替一般将来时
When I grow up, I will be a nurse and look after patients.
我长大后要当一名护士,照顾病人。
按时间表、计划或安排将要发生的动作 (一般不会轻易改变)
The train arrives at 10:30. 火车十点半到达。
得分速记
1. 常与一般现在时连用的时间状语:
① 频度副词:never 从不、seldom 很少、sometimes 有时、often 经常、usually 通常、always 总是;
② 其他时间状语:once in a while 偶尔、once a week 一周一次、twice a month 每月两次、from time to time 时不时、at weekends 在周末、every day/week/month/year 每天 / 周 / 月 / 年等。
2. 常用一般现在时表将来的动词:come、go、arrive、leave、begin、start、return 等。
知识点2 一般过去时
用法
示例
表示过去某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态
I left my bedroom door open and my dog chewed my shoes.
我把卧室的门开着,我的狗咬坏了我的鞋子。
表示过去一段时间内经常、反复发生的动作或存在的状态 (常与频度副词连用)
When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
当我小的时候,我经常在街上踢足球。
Wherever he traveled in those years, he wrote down what he saw and heard.
那些年里,他每到一个地方旅行,总会把所见所闻记下来。
用于时间状语从句、条件状语从句或原因状语从句,代替过去将来时
Alina said she would come if I promised to wait for her.
阿丽娜说如果我答应等她,她就会来。
I didn't go to the party that evening as I started off on the journey at dawn.
那天晚上我没有去参加聚会,因为我黎明时要出发去旅行。
得分速记
常与一般过去时连用的时间状语:
yesterday (昨天)、yesterday morning/afternoon/evening (昨天早上 / 下午 / 晚上)、once (曾经)、last night/year (昨晚 / 去年)、a few days ago (几天前)、the other day (几天前)、at that time (当时)、at that moment (在那一刻)、just now (刚刚)、in 2005 (在 2005 年)、in the old days (在过去的岁月里) 等。
知识点3 一般将来时和过去将来时
一般将来时
过去将来时
构成
will/shall + 动词原形
(shall 用于第一人称,will 可用于各种人称)
would/should + 动词原形
用法
表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态 (立足现在), 常与表示将来的时间状语连用,如 tomorrow、soon、in the future、next week/month/year 等
表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态 (立足过去), 常用于宾语从句
示例
When I was a child, I thought I would know the answers to everything, but now I understand that the future life won't have a standard answer. 当我还是个孩子的时候,我觉得我会知道所有问题的答案,但现在我明白,未来的生活并没有标准答案。(would know 立足过去,won't have 立足现在)
得分速记
表示将来意义的结构及其意义
形式
意义
示例
be going to + 动词原形
决定、打算要做 (事先思考过或计划好,主观色彩较强)
They are going to hold a meeting to discuss our research project. 他们打算开个会来讨论我们的研究计划。
I was going to buy a car then. 我当时正打算买一部车。
有迹象表明将要发生的事 (有趋势)
It looks as if the weather is going to turn bad.
看起来天气好像要变糟了。
be about to + 动词原形
马上或眼下就要发生,不与表示具体时间的状语连用 (说话时就是时间状语)
Sit down please, everyone. The film is about to start.
大家请坐下,电影马上开始。
He was about to say something more, and then checked himself. 他还想说几句,却又止住了。
be to + 动词原形
表示主观的计划、安排、约定、意图
When is the opening ceremony to be?
开幕式什么时候举行?
表示应该、命令、禁止、义务或可能性 (有感情色彩,相当于情态动词)
What am I to tell her when she finds out?
要是她发现了,我将怎样对她说呢?
The magazines are not to be taken out of the reading room.
杂志不准带出阅览室。
As a soldier, he was to do whatever he was ordered to do.
作为军人,他必须执行命令。
用于 if 引导的条件状语从句,表示意图、打算,意为 “如果想”, 相当于 want to 或 should
Stronger measures are needed to protect the environment if mankind is to survive.
如果人类要继续生存下去,就需要采取更强有力的措施来保护环境。
进行时
用于表示位置转移的动词 (如 come、go、leave、arrive、return、begin 等), 表示已计划或安排好的事
We are leaving early tomorrow morning.
我们明天一早就出发。
We were told that the plane was taking off in ten minutes.
我们被告知飞机十分钟后就要起飞了。
考向1 一般现在时
例1(2025高二上·全国·专题练习)—It’s said that drinking coffee ________ the risk of heart disease. Should I stop drinking it?
—Relax! Recent studies show moderate consumption is safe.
A.increases B.increased C.would increase D.had increased
考向2 一般过去时
例1(2025·天津·一模)Reportedly, with US tariffs (关税) on China soaring, Apple ________ 5 planes filled with iPhones and other products into America during the last week of March.
A.had flown B.flew C.would fly D.has flown
考向3 一般将来时和过去将来时
例1(2024·天津滨海新·三模)Self-driving cars ______ widely with advances in artificial intelligence in a few years.
A.will emerge B.will be emerged C.have emerged D.have been emerged
例2(2021·天津河西·三模)The computers made by our company sell well, but several years ago no one could imagine the role in the market that they ________.
A.has played B.were to play C.had played D.played
考点二 进行时
知识点1 现在进行时和过去进行时
现在进行时
过去进行时
构成
am/is/are doing
was/were doing
基本用法
①表示说话时正在进行的动作或存在的状态
②表示现阶段正在进行的动作或存在的状态,但说话时动作不一定在进行
表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在发生的动作或存在的状态
标志词
now、just now、at present、at the moment、these days、look、listen 等
then、at that time、the whole morning、this time yesterday、last night 等
示例
I'm waiting to have a word with you.
我在等着和你说句话。
He is generally going to bed at 11:00 these days.
他这些日子通常11点睡觉。
We were discussing the plan this time yesterday.
昨天这时候我们正在讨论这个计划。
We were expecting you yesterday.
我们昨天一直在等你。
得分速记
用法
示例
表达感情色彩:与 always、constantly、frequently、forever 等副词连用,表示重复的动作使人感到不满、厌倦或觉得不合情理,有时也可表示赞赏、满意
She is constantly disturbing me in class. 她在课上不停地打扰我。(厌烦)
Maria is always thinking of others. 玛丽亚总为别人着想。(赞美)
He was forever complaining. 他总是抱怨。(不满)
表示将来:一些非延续性动词 (come、go、leave、arrive、die、start、stop 等) 可以用进行时态表示按照计划动作即将发生
Hurry up! The train is arriving soon. 快点儿!火车很快就要到了。
They wanted to know when we were leaving for Beijing.
他们想知道我们什么时候动身去北京。
表示变化过程:begin、start、become、grow、get、lose 等的进行时态可以表示从一种状态逐渐变化到另一种状态
It is getting warmer and warmer. 天气变得越来越暖和了。
After waiting for half an hour she was beginning to get angry.
等了半个小时之后她开始生气了。
知识点2 将来进行时
用法:表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作或存在的状态,或按计划、安排将要发生的事情。
得分速记
常用的时间状语:soon、then、in two days、this time tomorrow、tomorrow morning、at 9:00 next Monday、from 10:00 to 11:00 tomorrow、the day after tomorrow 等。
I will be waiting for you at the school gate then. 届时我将在学校大门口等你。
This time tomorrow we'll be sitting in the cinema and watching a film. 明天这个时候我们将坐在电影院里看电影。
考向1 现在进行时
例1(2023·天津·模拟预测)—Excuse me, what is Nick doing?
—Look! He ______ flowers outside.
A.waters B.watered C.is watering D.has watered
考向2 过去进行时
例1(2025·天津·模拟预测)The water was cut off when I ___________ a shower last night.
A.took B.have taken C.was taking D.is taking
考向3 将来进行时
例1(2024·天津武清·模拟预测)— Could you attend the lecture about city development tomorrow afternoon?
— Sorry, I ______ to Paris for a Chinese silk exhibition then.
A.will be flying B.will fly C.fly D.am flying
考点三 完成时
知识点1 现在完成时
用法
示例
表示从过去某时开始的动作或状态持续到现在并有可能持续下去
He has worked here for over 20 years. 他在这里工作已有二十多年了。
Bows and arrows have long since been out of use.
弓和箭很久以前就不使用了。
表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响
China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon. 中国已成为首个航天器在月球背面着陆的国家。
用在固定句型 This/That/It is the first/second/...time + that 从句
It is the first time that the boy has spoken to a foreigner.
这是这个男孩第一次同外国人说话。
得分速记
常用的时间状语:already、yet、ever、before、lately、recently、up to now、so far、since + 过去的时间点 / 从句、for + 时间段、during/in the past/last + 时间段等。
知识点2 过去完成时
用法
示例
表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作,强调 “过去的过去”
By the end of yesterday, we had received over 1,000 letters from all over the world. 到昨天为止,我们已经收到了来自世界各地的一千多封信。
表示从过去某一时间开始一直持续到过去另一个时间的动作或状态,并有可能持续下去
It had rained for five hours by 11:00. 到11点,已下了五个小时的雨。
He had been ill for a week when he was sent to the hospital.
当他被送到医院时,他已经病了一个星期了。
表示过去原本想做但事实上并未完成的事 (expect、hope、intend、mean、plan、suppose、want 等)
We had meant to tell her the news but we found that she wasn't in. 我们本打算把这个消息告诉她,但是我们发现她不在家。
用在固定句型 had hardly done...when... 和 had no sooner done...than..., 意为 “一…… 就……”
His sister had hardly heard the terrible news when she burst into tears.
他妹妹一听到这个噩耗就放声大哭起来。
We had no sooner sat down at the table than the phone rang. 我们刚在桌子旁坐下,电话铃就响了。
用在固定句型 This/That/It was the first/second/...time + that 从句
It was the first time that we had found common ground. 那是我们头一回达成共识。
得分速记
常用的时间状语:by + 过去时间点、by the end of + 过去时间点、before + 过去时间点 / 从句、when 引导的表示过去时间的从句等。
知识点3 将来完成时
用法:表示在将来的某一时刻已经完成的动作。
By the end of next year, we'll have learned 2,000 English words.
到明年年底,我们将学了2,000个英语单词。
得分速记
常用的时间状语:by + 将来时间点、by the end of + 将来时间点、by the time+时间状语从句(现在时)等。
知识点4 现在完成进行时
用法:表示从过去某时开始的动作一直持续到现在,这个动作可能刚刚结束,也可能仍在继续,强调动作的持续过程。
It has been raining heavily all day. 大雨下了一整天了。
You are out of breath. Have you been running? 你气喘吁吁的,你刚刚一直在跑步吗?
考向1 现在完成时
例1(2025·天津河北·一模)Over the past decade, the number of visitors to the Forbidden City in Beijing, where numerous historical treasures are housed, _________ dramatically.
A.increases B.increase C.has increased D.have increased
考向2 过去完成时
例1(2025·天津·模拟预测)By the time the city’s new environmental policies were enforced last month, most factories ______ the required upgrades to their waste treatment systems, ensuring compliance with the law.
A.completed B.have completed C.will complete D.had completed
考向3 将来完成时
例1(2025·天津·二模)—Can I have a talk with you at about 5 this afternoon, Mr. Smith?
—All right, I _________ to my office from a conference then. I will be waiting for you there.
A.have come back B.will come back
C.will have come back D.will be coming back
考向4 现在完成进行时
例1(2024·天津·二模)Since its establishment, the Flying Tiger Historical Association ______ to friendly interactions between the Chinese and American people.
A.has contributed B.has been contributing C.contributed D.contributes
1.(2024·天津·高考真题)The Smiths _________ the online shopping experience in China since they moved back to New Zealand two years ago.
A.had been missing B.were missing
C.have been missing D.will be missing
2.(2023·天津·高考真题)Human impact on the animal kingdom, such as hunting and destruction of habitats, ___________a reduction in the population of certain species in the past three decades.
A.has caused B.have caused
C.was causing D.were causing
3.(2023·天津·高考真题)Some restaurants are happy to provide a free cake if you let them know in advance that you ________a group for a birthday party.
A.will be bringing B.have brought
C.have been bringing D.were bringing
4.(2022·天津·高考真题)The children failed to hide their disappointment when they found out the school________ the party.
A.cancels B.will cancel
C.has cancelled D.had cancelled
5.(2022·天津·高考真题)Critical reasoning, together with problem-solving, ________ teenagers to make better decisions.
A.prepare B.prepares
C.is preparing D.are preparing
6.(2020·天津·高考真题)The number of medical schools reached 18 in the early 1990s and ______ around that level ever since.
A.are remaining B.have remained
C.is remaining D.has remained
7.(2020·天津·高考真题)—You are a great swimmer.
—Thanks. It’s because I ______ a lot these days.
A.have been practising B.was practising
C.would practise D.had practised
8.(2020·天津·高考真题)A survey carried out last year showed that 80% of the middle-aged in this city ____________ in favour of the proposal on health care reform.
A.is B.are C.was D.were
9.(2020·天津·高考真题)—The machine is working again!
—Yes, it broke down yesterday, but it___________.
A.has been fixed B.is being fixed
C.had been fixed D.would be fixed
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第12讲 谓语动词的时态
目录
01 2
02 体系构建·思维可视 2
03 核心突破·靶向攻坚 3
必备基础知识 3
谓语动词时态的基本形式 4
考点一 一般时 4
知识点1 一般现在时 4
知识点2 一般过去时 5
知识点3 一般将来时和过去将来时 6
考向1 一般现在时 7
考向2 一般过去时 8
考向3 一般将来时和过去将来时 8
考点二 进行时 9
知识点1 现在进行时和过去进行时 9
知识点2 将来进行时 10
考向1 现在进行时 10
考向2 过去进行时 10
考向3将来进行时 11
考点三 完成时 11
知识点1 现在完成时 11
知识点2 过去完成时 12
知识点3 将来完成时 13
知识点4 现在完成进行时 13
考向1 现在完成时 13
考向2 过去完成时 13
考向3 将来完成时 14
考向4 现在完成进行时 14
04 真题溯源·考向感知 14
考点要求
考察形式
2025年
2024年
2023年
谓语动词的时态
选择题
非选择题
3月,7,过去完成时及其被动
3月,14,现在完成时及主谓一致
3月,3,现在完成进行时
6月,6,现在完成时及其被动
3月,11,将来进行时
3月,12,现在完成时及主谓一致
6月,7,现在进行时及其被动
考情分析:
高考天津卷通过语境考查考生对动词时态的掌握情况,考点主要集中在一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时、现在完成时、现在完成进行时、过去完成时,且常与主谓一致及被动语态搭配考查。
复习目标:
1. 掌握3种一般时的用法;
2. 掌握3种进行时的用法;
3. 掌握4种完成时的用法;
必备基础知识
谓语动词时态的基本形式
现在
过去
将来
过去将来
一般
一般现在时
do/does
一般过去时
did
一般将来时
will do
am/is/are going to do
am/is/are about to do
am/is/are to do
过去将来时
would do
was/were going to do
was/were about to do
was/were to do
进行
现在进行时
am/is/are doing
过去进行时
was/were doing
将来进行时
will be doing
过去将来进行时
完成
现在完成时
have/has done
过去完成时
had done
将来完成时
will have done
过去将来完成时
完成
进行
现在完成进行时
have/has been doing
过去完成进行时
将来完成进行时
过去将来完成进行时
考点一 一般时
知识点1 一般现在时
用法
示例
表示经常性、习惯性发生的动作或存在的状态
I leave home for school at 7:00 every morning. 我每天早上七点从家出发去学校。
She always takes a walk in the evening. 她总是在晚间散步。
表示主语现在的身份、特征、状态、能力、性格等
We are very busy these days. 这些天我们很忙。
The dangerous situation calls for a calm head. 危险的形势需要冷静的头脑。
表示客观事实、普遍真理或格言
Light travels faster than sound. 光比声音传播得快。
Time and tide wait for no man. 时不我待。
用于新闻标题、历史简介、小说章节标题或小说、电影、戏剧情节介绍、图片说明等
Bank Robbery: Robbers take $10,000 银行劫案:匪徒抢走一万美金 (新闻标题)
The Queen arrives for the opening ceremony. 女王出席了开幕式。(照片说明)
表示将来
用于时间状语从句、条件状语从句或让步状语从句,代替一般将来时
When I grow up, I will be a nurse and look after patients.
我长大后要当一名护士,照顾病人。
按时间表、计划或安排将要发生的动作 (一般不会轻易改变)
The train arrives at 10:30. 火车十点半到达。
得分速记
1. 常与一般现在时连用的时间状语:
① 频度副词:never 从不、seldom 很少、sometimes 有时、often 经常、usually 通常、always 总是;
② 其他时间状语:once in a while 偶尔、once a week 一周一次、twice a month 每月两次、from time to time 时不时、at weekends 在周末、every day/week/month/year 每天 / 周 / 月 / 年等。
2. 常用一般现在时表将来的动词:come、go、arrive、leave、begin、start、return 等。
知识点2 一般过去时
用法
示例
表示过去某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态
I left my bedroom door open and my dog chewed my shoes.
我把卧室的门开着,我的狗咬坏了我的鞋子。
表示过去一段时间内经常、反复发生的动作或存在的状态 (常与频度副词连用)
When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
当我小的时候,我经常在街上踢足球。
Wherever he traveled in those years, he wrote down what he saw and heard.
那些年里,他每到一个地方旅行,总会把所见所闻记下来。
用于时间状语从句、条件状语从句或原因状语从句,代替过去将来时
Alina said she would come if I promised to wait for her.
阿丽娜说如果我答应等她,她就会来。
I didn't go to the party that evening as I started off on the journey at dawn.
那天晚上我没有去参加聚会,因为我黎明时要出发去旅行。
得分速记
常与一般过去时连用的时间状语:
yesterday (昨天)、yesterday morning/afternoon/evening (昨天早上 / 下午 / 晚上)、once (曾经)、last night/year (昨晚 / 去年)、a few days ago (几天前)、the other day (几天前)、at that time (当时)、at that moment (在那一刻)、just now (刚刚)、in 2005 (在 2005 年)、in the old days (在过去的岁月里) 等。
知识点3 一般将来时和过去将来时
一般将来时
过去将来时
构成
will/shall + 动词原形
(shall 用于第一人称,will 可用于各种人称)
would/should + 动词原形
用法
表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态 (立足现在), 常与表示将来的时间状语连用,如 tomorrow、soon、in the future、next week/month/year 等
表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态 (立足过去), 常用于宾语从句
示例
When I was a child, I thought I would know the answers to everything, but now I understand that the future life won't have a standard answer. 当我还是个孩子的时候,我觉得我会知道所有问题的答案,但现在我明白,未来的生活并没有标准答案。(would know 立足过去,won't have 立足现在)
得分速记
表示将来意义的结构及其意义
形式
意义
示例
be going to + 动词原形
决定、打算要做 (事先思考过或计划好,主观色彩较强)
They are going to hold a meeting to discuss our research project. 他们打算开个会来讨论我们的研究计划。
I was going to buy a car then. 我当时正打算买一部车。
有迹象表明将要发生的事 (有趋势)
It looks as if the weather is going to turn bad.
看起来天气好像要变糟了。
be about to + 动词原形
马上或眼下就要发生,不与表示具体时间的状语连用 (说话时就是时间状语)
Sit down please, everyone. The film is about to start.
大家请坐下,电影马上开始。
He was about to say something more, and then checked himself. 他还想说几句,却又止住了。
be to + 动词原形
表示主观的计划、安排、约定、意图
When is the opening ceremony to be?
开幕式什么时候举行?
表示应该、命令、禁止、义务或可能性 (有感情色彩,相当于情态动词)
What am I to tell her when she finds out?
要是她发现了,我将怎样对她说呢?
The magazines are not to be taken out of the reading room.
杂志不准带出阅览室。
As a soldier, he was to do whatever he was ordered to do.
作为军人,他必须执行命令。
用于 if 引导的条件状语从句,表示意图、打算,意为 “如果想”, 相当于 want to 或 should
Stronger measures are needed to protect the environment if mankind is to survive.
如果人类要继续生存下去,就需要采取更强有力的措施来保护环境。
进行时
用于表示位置转移的动词 (如 come、go、leave、arrive、return、begin 等), 表示已计划或安排好的事
We are leaving early tomorrow morning.
我们明天一早就出发。
We were told that the plane was taking off in ten minutes.
我们被告知飞机十分钟后就要起飞了。
考向1 一般现在时
例1(2025高二上·全国·专题练习)—It’s said that drinking coffee ________ the risk of heart disease. Should I stop drinking it?
—Relax! Recent studies show moderate consumption is safe.
A.increases B.increased C.would increase D.had increased
【答案】A
【详解】考查动词时态。句意:—据说喝咖啡会增加患心脏病的风险。我应该停止喝它吗?—放松!最近的研究表明,适量食用是安全的。描述客观事实,用一般现在时,主语drinking coffee为动名词作主语,作第三人称单数看。故选A项。
考向2 一般过去时
例1(2025·天津·一模)Reportedly, with US tariffs (关税) on China soaring, Apple ________ 5 planes filled with iPhones and other products into America during the last week of March.
A.had flown B.flew C.would fly D.has flown
【答案】B
【详解】考查动词时态。句意:据报道,随着美国对中国的关税大幅上升,苹果公司在3月的最后一周向美国运送了5架装满iPhone和其他产品的飞机。根据时间状语during the last week of March可知,句子描述发生在过去的动作,应用一般过去时。故选B。
考向3 一般将来时和过去将来时
例1(2024·天津滨海新·三模)Self-driving cars ______ widely with advances in artificial intelligence in a few years.
A.will emerge B.will be emerged C.have emerged D.have been emerged
【答案】A
【详解】考查时态。句意:随着人工智能的进步,自动驾驶汽车将在几年内广泛出现。Self-driving cars和emerge之间是主谓关系,由in a few years可知,句子时态用一般将来时,因此空格处是will emerge,故选A。
例2(2021·天津河西·三模)The computers made by our company sell well, but several years ago no one could imagine the role in the market that they ________.
A.has played B.were to play C.had played D.played
【答案】B
【详解】考查动词时态。句意:我们公司生产的电脑卖得很好,但几年前没有人能想象到它们在市场上所扮演的角色。根据several years ago可知,此处陈述过去发生的事情,由imagine可知,后面要跟一个将要发生的动作,因此使用过去将来时,可以使用was/were to do表达,,结合空格前的the role,可知表示过去想象电脑将会起到的作用。故选B。
考点二 进行时
知识点1 现在进行时和过去进行时
现在进行时
过去进行时
构成
am/is/are doing
was/were doing
基本用法
①表示说话时正在进行的动作或存在的状态
②表示现阶段正在进行的动作或存在的状态,但说话时动作不一定在进行
表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在发生的动作或存在的状态
标志词
now、just now、at present、at the moment、these days、look、listen 等
then、at that time、the whole morning、this time yesterday、last night 等
示例
I'm waiting to have a word with you.
我在等着和你说句话。
He is generally going to bed at 11:00 these days.
他这些日子通常11点睡觉。
We were discussing the plan this time yesterday.
昨天这时候我们正在讨论这个计划。
We were expecting you yesterday.
我们昨天一直在等你。
得分速记
用法
示例
表达感情色彩:与 always、constantly、frequently、forever 等副词连用,表示重复的动作使人感到不满、厌倦或觉得不合情理,有时也可表示赞赏、满意
She is constantly disturbing me in class. 她在课上不停地打扰我。(厌烦)
Maria is always thinking of others. 玛丽亚总为别人着想。(赞美)
He was forever complaining. 他总是抱怨。(不满)
表示将来:一些非延续性动词 (come、go、leave、arrive、die、start、stop 等) 可以用进行时态表示按照计划动作即将发生
Hurry up! The train is arriving soon. 快点儿!火车很快就要到了。
They wanted to know when we were leaving for Beijing.
他们想知道我们什么时候动身去北京。
表示变化过程:begin、start、become、grow、get、lose 等的进行时态可以表示从一种状态逐渐变化到另一种状态
It is getting warmer and warmer. 天气变得越来越暖和了。
After waiting for half an hour she was beginning to get angry.
等了半个小时之后她开始生气了。
知识点2 将来进行时
用法:表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作或存在的状态,或按计划、安排将要发生的事情。
得分速记
常用的时间状语:soon、then、in two days、this time tomorrow、tomorrow morning、at 9:00 next Monday、from 10:00 to 11:00 tomorrow、the day after tomorrow 等。
I will be waiting for you at the school gate then. 届时我将在学校大门口等你。
This time tomorrow we'll be sitting in the cinema and watching a film. 明天这个时候我们将坐在电影院里看电影。
考向1 现在进行时
例1(2023·天津·模拟预测)—Excuse me, what is Nick doing?
—Look! He ______ flowers outside.
A.waters B.watered C.is watering D.has watered
【答案】C
【详解】考查现在进行时。句意:——打扰一下,Nick在做什么?——看!他正在外面浇花。结合问句“what is Nick doing?”及空前的“Look!”可知,此处指“他正在外面浇花”,表示正在进行的动作,用现在进行时,故选C。
考向2 过去进行时
例1(2025·天津·模拟预测)The water was cut off when I ___________ a shower last night.
A.took B.have taken C.was taking D.is taking
【答案】C
【详解】考查时态。句意:昨晚我正在洗澡的时候,突然停水了。根据时间状语last night可知,用过去时态。表示“正在洗澡”,所以用过去进行时。故选C。
考向3 将来进行时
例1(2024·天津武清·模拟预测)— Could you attend the lecture about city development tomorrow afternoon?
— Sorry, I ______ to Paris for a Chinese silk exhibition then.
A.will be flying B.will fly C.fly D.am flying
【答案】A
【详解】考查时态。句意:——明天下午你能参加关于城市发展的讲座吗?——对不起,那个时候我正飞往巴黎去看中国的丝绸展。分析句子可知,then指代的就是tomorrow afternoon,表在将来的某一个时间正在做某事应用将来进行时。故选A项。
考点三 完成时
知识点1 现在完成时
用法
示例
表示从过去某时开始的动作或状态持续到现在并有可能持续下去
He has worked here for over 20 years. 他在这里工作已有二十多年了。
Bows and arrows have long since been out of use.
弓和箭很久以前就不使用了。
表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响
China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon. 中国已成为首个航天器在月球背面着陆的国家。
用在固定句型 This/That/It is the first/second/...time + that 从句
It is the first time that the boy has spoken to a foreigner.
这是这个男孩第一次同外国人说话。
得分速记
常用的时间状语:already、yet、ever、before、lately、recently、up to now、so far、since + 过去的时间点 / 从句、for + 时间段、during/in the past/last + 时间段等。
知识点2 过去完成时
用法
示例
表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作,强调 “过去的过去”
By the end of yesterday, we had received over 1,000 letters from all over the world. 到昨天为止,我们已经收到了来自世界各地的一千多封信。
表示从过去某一时间开始一直持续到过去另一个时间的动作或状态,并有可能持续下去
It had rained for five hours by 11:00. 到11点,已下了五个小时的雨。
He had been ill for a week when he was sent to the hospital.
当他被送到医院时,他已经病了一个星期了。
表示过去原本想做但事实上并未完成的事 (expect、hope、intend、mean、plan、suppose、want 等)
We had meant to tell her the news but we found that she wasn't in. 我们本打算把这个消息告诉她,但是我们发现她不在家。
用在固定句型 had hardly done...when... 和 had no sooner done...than..., 意为 “一…… 就……”
His sister had hardly heard the terrible news when she burst into tears.
他妹妹一听到这个噩耗就放声大哭起来。
We had no sooner sat down at the table than the phone rang. 我们刚在桌子旁坐下,电话铃就响了。
用在固定句型 This/That/It was the first/second/...time + that 从句
It was the first time that we had found common ground. 那是我们头一回达成共识。
得分速记
常用的时间状语:by + 过去时间点、by the end of + 过去时间点、before + 过去时间点 / 从句、when 引导的表示过去时间的从句等。
知识点3 将来完成时
用法:表示在将来的某一时刻已经完成的动作。
By the end of next year, we'll have learned 2,000 English words.
到明年年底,我们将学了2,000个英语单词。
得分速记
常用的时间状语:by + 将来时间点、by the end of + 将来时间点、by the time+时间状语从句(现在时)等。
知识点4 现在完成进行时
用法:表示从过去某时开始的动作一直持续到现在,这个动作可能刚刚结束,也可能仍在继续,强调动作的持续过程。
It has been raining heavily all day. 大雨下了一整天了。
You are out of breath. Have you been running? 你气喘吁吁的,你刚刚一直在跑步吗?
考向1 现在完成时
例1(2025·天津河北·一模)Over the past decade, the number of visitors to the Forbidden City in Beijing, where numerous historical treasures are housed, _________ dramatically.
A.increases B.increase C.has increased D.have increased
【答案】C
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:在过去的十年里,参观北京紫禁城的游客数量急剧增加,那里收藏着许多历史珍品。由Over the past decade可知,句子时态用现在完成时,主语the number是单数,因此空格处是has increased。故选C。
考向2 过去完成时
例1(2025·天津·模拟预测)By the time the city’s new environmental policies were enforced last month, most factories ______ the required upgrades to their waste treatment systems, ensuring compliance with the law.
A.completed B.have completed C.will complete D.had completed
【答案】D
【详解】考查时态。句意:到上个月北京的新环保政策实施时,大多数工厂已经完成了废物处理系统的必要升级,确保遵守了法律。By the time是完成时的标志,由the city’s new environmental policies were enforced last month可知,句子时态用过去完成时,表示过去的过去完成的动作,故选D。
考向3 将来完成时
例1(2025·天津·二模)—Can I have a talk with you at about 5 this afternoon, Mr. Smith?
—All right, I _________ to my office from a conference then. I will be waiting for you there.
A.have come back B.will come back
C.will have come back D.will be coming back
【答案】C
【详解】考查动词时态。句意:——史密斯先生,今天下午大约五点的时候能和您谈谈吗?——好的,那我参加完会议后就会回到办公室。我会在那里等你。根据句中then和I will be waiting for you.可知,此处表示的是到将来某个时间之前已经完成的动作,应用将来完成时态。故选C。
考向4 现在完成进行时
例1(2024·天津·二模)Since its establishment, the Flying Tiger Historical Association ______ to friendly interactions between the Chinese and American people.
A.has contributed B.has been contributing C.contributed D.contributes
【答案】B
【详解】考查现在完成进行时。句意:飞虎历史协会自成立以来,为促进中美两国人民友好交往作出了积极贡献。动词短语contribute to意为“为……做贡献”,根据Since its establishment可知,此处是指动作发生在过去,一直持续到现在,且强调动作在这一段时间是一直正在进行的,应用现在完成进行时,主语是the Flying Tiger Historical Association,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故选B。
1.(2024·天津·高考真题)The Smiths _________ the online shopping experience in China since they moved back to New Zealand two years ago.
A.had been missing B.were missing
C.have been missing D.will be missing
【答案】C
【详解】考查动词时态。句意:自从两年前搬回新西兰以来,史密斯一家一直很怀念在中国的网购体验。由since引导的时间状语从句可知,主句应该用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。结合选项可知,A选项为过去完成进行时;B选项为过去进行时;C选项为现在完成进行时;D选项为将来进行时。故选C。
2.(2023·天津·高考真题)Human impact on the animal kingdom, such as hunting and destruction of habitats, ___________a reduction in the population of certain species in the past three decades.
A.has caused B.have caused
C.was causing D.were causing
【答案】A
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:人类对动物王国的影响,如狩猎和破坏栖息地,在过去的30年里导致了某些物种的数量的减少。设空处为谓语,根据时间状语in the past three decades可知应用现在完成时,主语Human impact,谓语用第三人称单数,故选A。
3.(2023·天津·高考真题)Some restaurants are happy to provide a free cake if you let them know in advance that you ________a group for a birthday party.
A.will be bringing B.have brought
C.have been bringing D.were bringing
【答案】A
【详解】考查时态。句意:如果你提前告诉一些餐馆你将带一个团队来参加生日派对,他们会很乐意提供一个免费的蛋糕。根据“in advance”可知,此处表示将来的动作,所以应用将来进行时。故选A。
4.(2022·天津·高考真题)The children failed to hide their disappointment when they found out the school________ the party.
A.cancels B.will cancel
C.has cancelled D.had cancelled
【答案】D
【详解】考查动词的时态。句意:当孩子们发现学校取消了派对时,他们无法掩饰他们的失望。结合句意可知,学校取消派对发生在前,孩子无法掩饰失望发生在后,故从句的cancel为“过去的过去”,需要用过去完成时态。故选D项。
5.(2022·天津·高考真题)Critical reasoning, together with problem-solving, ________ teenagers to make better decisions.
A.prepare B.prepares
C.is preparing D.are preparing
【答案】B
【详解】考查主谓一致和时态。句意:批判性推理和解决问题的能力有助于青少年做出更好的决定。短语together with/along with/as well as, etc连接两个并列的名词或代词做主语时谓语动词的数由该结构前的名词或代词决定,句子主语为Critical reasoning,谓语动词应用单数形式,此处为客观陈述,应用一般现在时。故选B项。
6.(2020·天津·高考真题)The number of medical schools reached 18 in the early 1990s and ______ around that level ever since.
A.are remaining B.have remained
C.is remaining D.has remained
【答案】D
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:20世纪90年代初,医学院的数量达到了18所,此后一直保持在这个水平。ever since“从那以后”作时间状语,句子用现在完成时态。主语为the number of medical schools,the number of表示“……的数目”,中心词是number,所以是单数,作主语时,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。综上,故选D。
7.(2020·天津·高考真题)—You are a great swimmer.
—Thanks. It’s because I ______ a lot these days.
A.have been practising B.was practising
C.would practise D.had practised
【答案】A
【详解】考查时态。句意:-你游泳很棒。-谢谢。这是因为这些天我一直在练习。根据时间状语these days(这些天)可知,“练习游泳”从数天前开始,一直持续到现在,因此该句应用现在完成进行时态。故选A。
8.(2020·天津·高考真题)A survey carried out last year showed that 80% of the middle-aged in this city ____________ in favour of the proposal on health care reform.
A.is B.are C.was D.were
【答案】D
【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:去年进行的一项调查显示,该市80%的中年人赞成医疗改革的建议。通过分析句子结构并翻译语境可知,主句时态为一般过去时,根据时态一致性可知从句中时态也为一般过去时,且从句中主语80% of the middle-aged是复数,按照主谓一致原则,因此使用be动词were。故选D项。
9.(2020·天津·高考真题)—The machine is working again!
—Yes, it broke down yesterday, but it___________.
A.has been fixed B.is being fixed
C.had been fixed D.would be fixed
【答案】A
【详解】考查动词时态。句意:机器又运转了!是的,昨天机器出故障了,但已经被修好了。通过分析语境可知,此处使用现在完成时,表示截至目前已经完成的动作。故选A项。
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