第11讲 非谓语动词(复习讲义)(天津专用)2026年高考英语一轮复习讲练测

2025-11-24
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学段 高中
学科 英语
教材版本 -
年级 高三
章节 -
类型 教案-讲义
知识点 非谓语动词
使用场景 高考复习-一轮复习
学年 2026-2027
地区(省份) 天津市
地区(市) -
地区(区县) -
文件格式 ZIP
文件大小 944 KB
发布时间 2025-11-24
更新时间 2025-10-08
作者 daleideng
品牌系列 上好课·一轮讲练测
审核时间 2025-10-08
下载链接 https://m.zxxk.com/soft/54246209.html
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来源 学科网

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第11讲 非谓语动词 目录 01 2 02 体系构建·思维可视 2 03 核心突破·靶向攻坚 3 必备基础知识 3 非谓语动词的各种形式及其句法功能 4 考点一 非谓语动词作主语 4 知识点1 非谓语动词作主语的基本用法 4 知识点2 it作形式主语 5 考向 非谓语动词作主语 5 考点二 非谓语动词作表语 5 知识点 非谓语动词作表语的基本用法 5 考向 非谓语动词作表语 6 考点三 非谓语动词作宾语 6 知识点1 动词 + 非谓语作宾语 6 知识点2 介词 + 非谓语作宾语 7 知识点3 it作形式宾语 8 考向 非谓语动词作宾语 8 考点四 非谓语动词作补语 8 知识点1 非谓语动词作宾语补足语 8 知识点2 with的复合结构 9 知识点3 非谓语动词作主语补足语 9 考向 非谓语动词作补语 10 考点五 非谓语动词作定语 10 知识点 非谓语动词作表语的基本用法 10 考向 非谓语动词作定语 11 考点六 非谓语动词作状语 12 知识点 非谓语动词作状语的基本用法 12 考向 非谓语动词作状语 13 04 真题溯源·考向感知 14 考点要求 考察形式 2025年 2024年 2023年 非谓语动词 选择题 非选择题 3月,5,作状语 3月,7,作定语 3月,14,作状语 6月,4,作定语 6月,11,作状语 3月,6,作状语 3月,7,作定语 6月,9,作状语 6月,13,作定语 考情分析: 高考天津卷着重考查考生在特定语境下对非谓语动词的句法功能与基本用法的分析与辨别能力。考生需在分析句子结构的基础上,准确判断非谓语动词所担任的句法角色(如状语、定语、补语、主语等),并关注其时态性和语态性。 近年来,高考天津卷在非谓语动词的考查上已全面覆盖了其各个方面,尤其注重考查非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间的主动或被动关系,以及相应的逻辑关系。考生在日常学习中,不仅要注重在非谓语动词的句法功能和基本用法上下功夫,还要在分析和理解句子、段落乃至整篇语篇的基础上,时刻关注非谓语动词的时态性、语态性,以及其与其他语法项目的综合考查现象。 复习目标: 1. 掌握非谓语作主语的用法; 2. 掌握非谓语作宾语的用法; 3. 掌握非谓语作表语的用法; 4. 掌握非谓语作定语的用法; 5. 掌握非谓语作状语的用法; 6. 掌握非谓语作补语的用法; 必备基础知识 非谓语动词的各种形式及其句法功能 非谓语形式 主动形式 被动形式 句法功能 一般式 进行式 完成式 一般式 完成式 主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 补语 不定式 to do to be doing to have done to be done to have been done √ √ √ √ √ √ -ing 形式 动名词 doing — having done being done having been done √ √ √ √ 现在分词 √ √ √ √ -ed形式 过去分词 — done √ √ √ √ 考点一 非谓语动词作主语 知识点1 非谓语动词作主语的基本用法 情况 用法 示例 说明 不定式作主语 具体的、一次性的动作 To hesitate means failure. 犹豫不决就意味着失败。 通常可以互换,但主语和表语一般是对称的 动名词作主语 抽象的、经常性的动作 Saying is easier than doing. 说比做容易。 Walking is a good form of exercise. 散步是一种很好的锻炼方式。 知识点2 it作形式主语 情况 句型 示例 不定式作真正主语 It takes/took sb.+ 时间 / 金钱 + to do sth. It took us three days to finish the task. 我们花了三天完成这项任务。 It is+n./adj.+to do sth. It's wrong to be late. 迟到是不应该的。 It's a virtue to admit and overcome one's own shortcomings. 承认并克服自己的缺点是一种美德。 动名词作真正主语 It is+fun/no good/no use+doing sth. It's no use complaining without action. 不行动只抱怨没有用。 It's not much fun going to a party alone. 独自参加聚会没什么意思。 考向 非谓语动词作主语 例1(2025·天津·二模)________ about different customs in the cultural exchange programs helps students respect diversity. A.Learn B.Learned C.Learning D.Having learned 考点二 非谓语动词作表语 知识点 非谓语动词作表语的基本用法 情况 句型 示例 不定式作表语 对主语作进一步说明,其主语通常为 aim、choice、decision、dream、idea、intention、plan、purpose、wish 等 To live is to do something worthwhile. 活着就是要做一些值得做的事情。 The purpose of education is to develop a fine personality in children. 教育的目的是培养儿童的优秀品格。 动名词作表语 说明主语的内容或性质,无正在进行之意,主语和表语可互换位置 Your task is cleaning the windows. 你的任务就是擦窗户。 The best policy is being honest. 诚实方为上策。 分词作表语 说明主语的性质或特征,通常可直接看作形容词,现在分词常译为 “令人…… 的”,多用于修饰物;过去分词常译为 “感到…… 的”,多用于修饰人 考向 非谓语动词作表语 例1(2025·天津·二模)As a cross-border doctor, my primary mission was ________ all those African patients. A.to save B.being saved C.save D.to be saved 考点三 非谓语动词作宾语 知识点1 动词 + 非谓语作宾语 情况 示例 只跟不定式 agree 同意 attempt 尝试 choose 选择;宁愿 decline 拒绝 determine 下决心 fail 未做成 manage 设法做成 offer 主动提出 prepare 准备 pretend 假装 promise 承诺 refuse 拒绝 tend 往往会 volunteer 志愿 只跟动名词 admit 承认 advise/suggest 建议 advocate 支持 appreciate 感激 avoid/escape 避免 consider 仔细考虑 delay/postpone 推迟 deny 否认 enjoy 享受,喜欢 finish 完成 imagine 想象 include 包括 involve 包含 keep (on) 继续 mention 提到 mind 介意 miss 错过 practise 练习 resist 抵制,忍住 risk 冒险 既可以跟不定式又可以跟动名词 意义无区别 begin/start 开始 意义有区别 stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事 stop doing sth. 停下正在做的事 continue/ go on to do sth. 继续去做另一件事 continue/ go on doing sth. 继续做正在做的事 remember to do sth. 记得要去做某事 remember doing sth. 记得已经做过某事 forget to do sth. 忘记要去做某事 forget doing sth. 忘记已经做过某事 regret to say/tell/inform… 遗憾地说 / 告知 / 通知… regret doing sth. 后悔已经做过某事 mean to do sth. 打算做某事 mean doing sth. 意味着做某事 can't help (to) do sth. 不能帮助做某事 can't help doing sth. 忍不住做某事(=can't help but do sth. ) try to do sth. 努力做某事 try doing sth. 尝试做某事 知识点2 介词 + 非谓语作宾语 介词后往往用动名词作宾语。 They broke into loud cheers on hearing the news. 一听到这个消息他们都高声欢呼。 Dressing well is about being polite. 穿着讲究是有教养的表现。 Reading a good book is like talking with a wise person. 读一本好书就像是和一位智者谈话。 知识点3 it作形式宾语 不定式或动名词作宾语时,如果宾语后带有宾补,常用 it 作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语后置,构成结构:v.+it+n./adj.+to do/doing。 I find it my responsibility to help those in need. 我觉得帮助那些需要帮助的人是我的责任。 I consider it important to always be kind and respectful to others. 我认为总是善待和尊重他人是很重要的。 We think it useless learning a theory without practice. 我们认为学习理论而不实践是没有用的。 考向 非谓语动词作宾语 例1(2025·天津和平·三模)As a foreigner here, she is not accustomed to ______ like this in public. A.treat B.treating C.being treated D.be treated 例2(2025·天津红桥·一模)During our holidays, we should avoid ________ up at night and oversleeping in the morning. A.staying B.to stay C.stayed D.stay 考点四 非谓语动词作补语 知识点1 非谓语动词作宾语补足语 情况 用法 示例 不定式作宾补 advise、allow、ask、beg、cause、drive、encourage、expect、force、invite、order、permit、recommend、require、teach、tell、want 等词后常跟带to的不定式作宾补 They taught me to be strong and follow my heart. 他们教我学会坚强,学会听从自己的心声。 The situation requires us to quicken our economic reform. 形势要求我们加快经济改革。 感官动词 feel、hear、listen to、look at、observe、see、notice、watch 以及使役动词 let、have、make 等词后常跟不带to的不定式作宾补 【口诀:五看三使二听一感觉】 I heard her sing an English song just now. 刚才我听见她唱了一首英文歌。 Let those in need understand that we will go all out to help them. 让那些有需要的人明白,我们会全力以赴帮助他们。 分词作宾补 分词一般在感官动词、使役动词或一些表示意愿的动词后作宾补。现在分词常表示宾语和宾补构成主动关系;过去分词常表示宾语和宾补构成被动关系 She smelt something burning. 她闻到有东西烧糊了。 He began to wish the whole business finished. 他开始希望整个事情早日结束。 I have kept you waiting a long time. 我使你久等了。 知识点2 with的复合结构 结构 意义 示例 with/without + 宾语 + to do 表将来 With a lot of work to do, he wasn't allowed to go out. 因为还有很多工作要做,他没有被允许外出。 with/without + 宾语 + doing 表主动 With the noise going on, I can't concentrate on my work. 吵闹声不绝于耳,我无法集中精力工作。 with/without + 宾语 + done 表被动 She had to walk home with her bike stolen. 她的自行车被偷了,她只好步行回家。 知识点3 非谓语动词作主语补足语 在 “动词 + 宾语 + 宾补” 结构中,如果变为被动语态,则需要将宾语前置,变成主语,此时,原来的宾补就成了主补。 Bell was considered to have invented the telephone. 大家认为是贝尔发明了电话。 Tom was caught dozing off in class. 汤姆被发现上课时打瞌睡。 The door was left firmly fastened. 门紧锁着。 考向 非谓语动词作补语 例1(2025·天津北辰·三模)The new technology in the movie Ne Zha II is so amazing that it makes the characters ________ vividly on the screen. A.to come B.come C.coming D.came 例2(2022·天津·模拟预测)With no agreement _____, both sides agreed to spend another day _____ the main problems. A.to reach; to discuss B.reached; discussing C.reaching; discussing D.reached; to discuss 考点五 非谓语动词作定语 知识点 非谓语动词作定语的基本用法 情况 用法 示例 不定式作定语 表示动作即将发生 I have many assignments to do. 我有很多作业要做。 The conference to take place next month is bound to be a great success. 下个月举行的会议一定会取得巨大的成功。 多用于 ability、ambition、attempt、chance、courage、decision、desire、determination、effort、reason、time 等词后 He has an ambition to become a world champion. 他一心想成为世界冠军。 Thank you for giving me the chance to deliver the speech. 谢谢你给我发言的机会。 多用于被序数词、the only、the last、the right 或形容词最高级修饰的名词后 He is always the first person to come and the last to leave. 他总是第一个来,最后一个离开。 He is the best person to do the job. 他是做这个工作的最佳人选。 动名词作定语 表示所修饰名词的用途 a swimming pool 游泳池(=a pool for swimming ) a sleeping bag 睡袋(=a bag for sleeping ) writing skills 写作技巧(=skills for writing ) 分词作定语 现在分词表示主动、正在进行;过去分词表示被动、完成 A barking dog seldom bites. 吠犬不咬人。(前置定语 ) Unfulfilled wishes live on in the unconscious. 未实现的愿望在无意识中继续存在。(前置定语 ) The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras returned for quality problems. 生产商定期来收取因质量问题而被退回的相机。(后置定语 ) Last night, there were millions of people watching the opening ceremony on TV. 昨晚,有数百万人在电视上观看了开幕式。(后置定语 ) 得分速记 to be done、being done 与 done 作定语的区别: a meeting to be held tomorrow 一场明天将要举行的会议(表被动,表将来) a meeting being held at present 一场此刻正在进行的会议(表被动,表正在进行) a meeting held yesterday 一场昨天举行的会议(表被动,表完成) 考向 非谓语动词作定语 例1(2025·天津·二模)Paper cutting, ________ over centuries in China, is time-honored and has a glorious history. A.having developed B.being developed C.developed D.to develop 例2(2025·天津河北·二模)We’d better put off interviewing the athlete, for he is busy preparing for an international contest _________ in Beijing soon. A.held B.to hold C.being held D.to be held 考点六 非谓语动词作状语 知识点 非谓语动词作状语的基本用法 情况 用法 示例 不定式作状语 表示目的,除可以直接使用以外,也可用于 in order to do 或 so as to do 结构 I stopped the car to take a short break as I was feeling tired. 我觉得累了,就停车休息一会儿。 He used computers so as to solve the problems more efficiently. 他使用计算机以便更高效地解决问题。 用于某些固定结构,表示结果 He was too excited to fall asleep. 他激动得睡不着。 She's old enough to decide for herself. 她已到自己做决定的年龄了。 Yesterday I went to see her only to learn that she had gone abroad a week before. 昨天我去看她,却得知她一周前出国了。(出乎意料的结果 ) 与表示情感、状态的形容词连用,表示原因 I was honored to be invited. 能够被邀请,我很荣幸。 He was disappointed to find that she was gone. 发现她走了,他很失望。 分词作状语 现在分词表示作状语的动词与其逻辑主语构成主动关系;过去分词表示作状语的动词与其逻辑主语构成被动关系 Brought up in the countryside, he has difficulty in adapting to city life. 他在农村被养大,很难适应城市生活。(原因状语 ) Hearing the news, they immediately set off for Shanghai. 听到这个消息,他们立即出发去上海了。(时间状语 ) She stood at the window, watching the sunset. 她站在窗前看落日。(伴随状语 ) He turned off the lamp, seeing nothing. 他熄了灯,什么也看不见了。(结果状语,表示自然而然的结果 ) Though living near the cinema, I seldom go there. 尽管住在电影院附近,但我很少去那里。(让步状语 ) 独立成分作状语 不定式短语 to tell (you) the truth 老实说 to be honest 老实说 to begin with 首先 to make matters worse 更糟糕的是 to sum up 总之 to be brief 简言之 分词短语 considering that 考虑到,鉴于 generally speaking 一般来说 given that 考虑到,鉴于 judging by/from 根据…… 来判断 providing/provided that 假设 supposing that 假设 考向 非谓语动词作状语 例1(2024·天津南开·一模)Kathy reached the company out of breath only ________ she was fired. A.told B.to be told C.being told D.having told 例2(2025·天津·二模)________ the construction plan before the deadline, the team has been working extra hours since last month. A.Completing B.Having completed C.To have completed D.To complete 1.(2024·天津·高考真题)From the first explorers to today's travelers, humans have always had a desire _________ new places. A.to discover B.to be discovering C.to be discovered D.to have discovered 2.(2024·天津·高考真题)The organizers had to cancel the outdoor concert due to the sudden thunderstorm, _________ many eager fans who had been waiting for hours. A.disappointing B.to disappoint C.having disappointed D.disappointed 3.(2024·天津·高考真题)The fence between the two tennis courts _________. Soon children will have enough space for football games. A.are removed B.is to be removed C.were to be removed D.was being removed 4.(2023·天津·高考真题)The Palace Museum has the most remarkable collection of fine clocks in the world, mainly _________ from Europe and China. A.originating B.originated C.being originated D.having originated 5.(2023·天津·高考真题)_________ several adjustments to the design for two months, the engineer eventually succeeded in building a highly efficient system. A.Trying B.Tried C.Having tried D.Having been tried 6.(2023·天津·高考真题)The hero’s touching story ________ online has drawn thousands of “likes” and hundreds of comments from the public. A.posting B.to post C.posted D.to be posted 7.(2023·天津·高考真题)________ back to the 18th century, Peking Opera has over two hundred years of history. A.Dating B.Being dated C.To date D.To be dated 8.(2022·天津·高考真题)The city temperatures have returned from record low to normal, ________ the citizens to enjoy the outdoors again. A.allowing B.being allowed C.having allowed D.having been allowed 9.(2022·天津·高考真题)________ his restless students occupied with an indoor sport on rainy days, James Naismith created basketball. A.To be kept B.Kept C.To keep D.Keeping 10.(2021·天津·高考真题)Mary became a baker at age 14, because her grandfather paid the local baker ________ her all the skills. A.to have taught B.to teach C.teaching D.having taught 11.(2021·天津·高考真题)China's National Highway 318, ________ over 5,000 kilometers from Shanghai to Zhangmu, Xizang, is known as the "heavenly road“ for its amazing views. A.to extend B.extended C.extending D.being extended 12.(2020·天津·高考真题)The dancer’s incredible performance had the audience on its feet ______ for 10 minutes at the end of the show. A.being clapped B.clap C.clapped D.clapping 13.(2020·天津·高考真题)______ us prepare for the exam, the teacher suggested reading through our notes. A.To help B.Helped C.Helping D.Being helped 14.(2020·天津·高考真题)The local government doesn't have to sacrifice environmental protection ____________ economic growth. A.to be promoted B.being promoted C.promoting D.to promote 15.(2020·天津·高考真题)___________in 1931, the Empire State Building, the highest skyscraper until 1954, inspired the imagination of the world. A.Having completed B.Being completed C.Completed D.Completing 1 / 1 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $ 第11讲 非谓语动词 目录 01 2 02 体系构建·思维可视 2 03 核心突破·靶向攻坚 3 必备基础知识 3 非谓语动词的各种形式及其句法功能 4 考点一 非谓语动词作主语 4 知识点1 非谓语动词作主语的基本用法 4 知识点2 it作形式主语 5 考向 非谓语动词作主语 5 考点二 非谓语动词作表语 5 知识点 非谓语动词作表语的基本用法 6 考向 非谓语动词作表语 6 考点三 非谓语动词作宾语 6 知识点1 动词 + 非谓语作宾语 7 知识点2 介词 + 非谓语作宾语 8 知识点3 it作形式宾语 8 考向 非谓语动词作宾语 8 考点四 非谓语动词作补语 9 知识点1 非谓语动词作宾语补足语 9 知识点2 with的复合结构 10 知识点3 非谓语动词作主语补足语 10 考向 非谓语动词作补语 10 考点五 非谓语动词作定语 11 知识点 非谓语动词作表语的基本用法 11 考向 非谓语动词作定语 12 考点六 非谓语动词作状语 13 知识点 非谓语动词作状语的基本用法 13 考向 非谓语动词作状语 15 04 真题溯源·考向感知 15 考点要求 考察形式 2025年 2024年 2023年 非谓语动词 选择题 非选择题 3月,5,作状语 3月,7,作定语 3月,14,作状语 6月,4,作定语 6月,11,作状语 3月,6,作状语 3月,7,作定语 6月,9,作状语 6月,13,作定语 考情分析: 高考天津卷着重考查考生在特定语境下对非谓语动词的句法功能与基本用法的分析与辨别能力。考生需在分析句子结构的基础上,准确判断非谓语动词所担任的句法角色(如状语、定语、补语、主语等),并关注其时态性和语态性。 近年来,高考天津卷在非谓语动词的考查上已全面覆盖了其各个方面,尤其注重考查非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间的主动或被动关系,以及相应的逻辑关系。考生在日常学习中,不仅要注重在非谓语动词的句法功能和基本用法上下功夫,还要在分析和理解句子、段落乃至整篇语篇的基础上,时刻关注非谓语动词的时态性、语态性,以及其与其他语法项目的综合考查现象。 复习目标: 1. 掌握非谓语作主语的用法; 2. 掌握非谓语作宾语的用法; 3. 掌握非谓语作表语的用法; 4. 掌握非谓语作定语的用法; 5. 掌握非谓语作状语的用法; 6. 掌握非谓语作补语的用法; 必备基础知识 非谓语动词的各种形式及其句法功能 非谓语形式 主动形式 被动形式 句法功能 一般式 进行式 完成式 一般式 完成式 主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 补语 不定式 to do to be doing to have done to be done to have been done √ √ √ √ √ √ -ing 形式 动名词 doing — having done being done having been done √ √ √ √ 现在分词 √ √ √ √ -ed形式 过去分词 — done √ √ √ √ 考点一 非谓语动词作主语 知识点1 非谓语动词作主语的基本用法 情况 用法 示例 说明 不定式作主语 具体的、一次性的动作 To hesitate means failure. 犹豫不决就意味着失败。 通常可以互换,但主语和表语一般是对称的 动名词作主语 抽象的、经常性的动作 Saying is easier than doing. 说比做容易。 Walking is a good form of exercise. 散步是一种很好的锻炼方式。 知识点2 it作形式主语 情况 句型 示例 不定式作真正主语 It takes/took sb.+ 时间 / 金钱 + to do sth. It took us three days to finish the task. 我们花了三天完成这项任务。 It is+n./adj.+to do sth. It's wrong to be late. 迟到是不应该的。 It's a virtue to admit and overcome one's own shortcomings. 承认并克服自己的缺点是一种美德。 动名词作真正主语 It is+fun/no good/no use+doing sth. It's no use complaining without action. 不行动只抱怨没有用。 It's not much fun going to a party alone. 独自参加聚会没什么意思。 考向 非谓语动词作主语 例1(2025·天津·二模)________ about different customs in the cultural exchange programs helps students respect diversity. A.Learn B.Learned C.Learning D.Having learned 【答案】C 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:在文化交流项目中学习不同的风俗习惯有助于学生尊重多样性。本句已有谓语动词,所以learn用非谓语形式,本句缺少主语,应该用动名词。故选C项。 考点二 非谓语动词作表语 知识点 非谓语动词作表语的基本用法 情况 句型 示例 不定式作表语 对主语作进一步说明,其主语通常为 aim、choice、decision、dream、idea、intention、plan、purpose、wish 等 To live is to do something worthwhile. 活着就是要做一些值得做的事情。 The purpose of education is to develop a fine personality in children. 教育的目的是培养儿童的优秀品格。 动名词作表语 说明主语的内容或性质,无正在进行之意,主语和表语可互换位置 Your task is cleaning the windows. 你的任务就是擦窗户。 The best policy is being honest. 诚实方为上策。 分词作表语 说明主语的性质或特征,通常可直接看作形容词,现在分词常译为 “令人…… 的”,多用于修饰物;过去分词常译为 “感到…… 的”,多用于修饰人 考向 非谓语动词作表语 例1(2025·天津·二模)As a cross-border doctor, my primary mission was ________ all those African patients. A.to save B.being saved C.save D.to be saved 【答案】A 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:作为一名跨境医生,我的首要任务是拯救所有非洲病人。分析句子结构可知,句子的主语是my primary mission,was是系动词,后面需要用不定式作表语来补充说明主语的内容。逻辑主语与save之间为主动关系,所以用不定式的主动形式。故选A。 考点三 非谓语动词作宾语 知识点1 动词 + 非谓语作宾语 情况 示例 只跟不定式 agree 同意 attempt 尝试 choose 选择;宁愿 decline 拒绝 determine 下决心 fail 未做成 manage 设法做成 offer 主动提出 prepare 准备 pretend 假装 promise 承诺 refuse 拒绝 tend 往往会 volunteer 志愿 只跟动名词 admit 承认 advise/suggest 建议 advocate 支持 appreciate 感激 avoid/escape 避免 consider 仔细考虑 delay/postpone 推迟 deny 否认 enjoy 享受,喜欢 finish 完成 imagine 想象 include 包括 involve 包含 keep (on) 继续 mention 提到 mind 介意 miss 错过 practise 练习 resist 抵制,忍住 risk 冒险 既可以跟不定式又可以跟动名词 意义无区别 begin/start 开始 意义有区别 stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事 stop doing sth. 停下正在做的事 continue/ go on to do sth. 继续去做另一件事 continue/ go on doing sth. 继续做正在做的事 remember to do sth. 记得要去做某事 remember doing sth. 记得已经做过某事 forget to do sth. 忘记要去做某事 forget doing sth. 忘记已经做过某事 regret to say/tell/inform… 遗憾地说 / 告知 / 通知… regret doing sth. 后悔已经做过某事 mean to do sth. 打算做某事 mean doing sth. 意味着做某事 can't help (to) do sth. 不能帮助做某事 can't help doing sth. 忍不住做某事(=can't help but do sth. ) try to do sth. 努力做某事 try doing sth. 尝试做某事 知识点2 介词 + 非谓语作宾语 介词后往往用动名词作宾语。 They broke into loud cheers on hearing the news. 一听到这个消息他们都高声欢呼。 Dressing well is about being polite. 穿着讲究是有教养的表现。 Reading a good book is like talking with a wise person. 读一本好书就像是和一位智者谈话。 知识点3 it作形式宾语 不定式或动名词作宾语时,如果宾语后带有宾补,常用 it 作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语后置,构成结构:v.+it+n./adj.+to do/doing。 I find it my responsibility to help those in need. 我觉得帮助那些需要帮助的人是我的责任。 I consider it important to always be kind and respectful to others. 我认为总是善待和尊重他人是很重要的。 We think it useless learning a theory without practice. 我们认为学习理论而不实践是没有用的。 考向 非谓语动词作宾语 例1(2025·天津和平·三模)As a foreigner here, she is not accustomed to ______ like this in public. A.treat B.treating C.being treated D.be treated 【答案】C 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:作为这里的一个外国人,她不习惯在公共场合被这样对待。be accustomed to doing sth.是固定搭配,意为“习惯于做某事”,其中to为介词,后接动名词形式作宾语;由句意可知,treat和句子主语she之间是被动关系,所以应用动名词的被动形式。故选C项。 例2(2025·天津红桥·一模)During our holidays, we should avoid ________ up at night and oversleeping in the morning. A.staying B.to stay C.stayed D.stay 【答案】A 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:在假期,我们应该避免晚上熬夜和早晨睡过头。此处是固定搭配:avoid doing sth.意为“避免做某事”,动名词作avoid的宾语。故选A。 考点四 非谓语动词作补语 知识点1 非谓语动词作宾语补足语 情况 用法 示例 不定式作宾补 advise、allow、ask、beg、cause、drive、encourage、expect、force、invite、order、permit、recommend、require、teach、tell、want 等词后常跟带to的不定式作宾补 They taught me to be strong and follow my heart. 他们教我学会坚强,学会听从自己的心声。 The situation requires us to quicken our economic reform. 形势要求我们加快经济改革。 感官动词 feel、hear、listen to、look at、observe、see、notice、watch 以及使役动词 let、have、make 等词后常跟不带to的不定式作宾补 【口诀:五看三使二听一感觉】 I heard her sing an English song just now. 刚才我听见她唱了一首英文歌。 Let those in need understand that we will go all out to help them. 让那些有需要的人明白,我们会全力以赴帮助他们。 分词作宾补 分词一般在感官动词、使役动词或一些表示意愿的动词后作宾补。现在分词常表示宾语和宾补构成主动关系;过去分词常表示宾语和宾补构成被动关系 She smelt something burning. 她闻到有东西烧糊了。 He began to wish the whole business finished. 他开始希望整个事情早日结束。 I have kept you waiting a long time. 我使你久等了。 知识点2 with的复合结构 结构 意义 示例 with/without + 宾语 + to do 表将来 With a lot of work to do, he wasn't allowed to go out. 因为还有很多工作要做,他没有被允许外出。 with/without + 宾语 + doing 表主动 With the noise going on, I can't concentrate on my work. 吵闹声不绝于耳,我无法集中精力工作。 with/without + 宾语 + done 表被动 She had to walk home with her bike stolen. 她的自行车被偷了,她只好步行回家。 知识点3 非谓语动词作主语补足语 在 “动词 + 宾语 + 宾补” 结构中,如果变为被动语态,则需要将宾语前置,变成主语,此时,原来的宾补就成了主补。 Bell was considered to have invented the telephone. 大家认为是贝尔发明了电话。 Tom was caught dozing off in class. 汤姆被发现上课时打瞌睡。 The door was left firmly fastened. 门紧锁着。 考向 非谓语动词作补语 例1(2025·天津北辰·三模)The new technology in the movie Ne Zha II is so amazing that it makes the characters ________ vividly on the screen. A.to come B.come C.coming D.came 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:电影《哪吒2》中的新技术如此惊人,以至于让角色在屏幕上栩栩如生。从句谓语为makes,本空为非谓语动词,make sb. do sth.“让某人做某事”。本空用省略to的不定式come,作宾补。故选B。 例2(2022·天津·模拟预测)With no agreement _____, both sides agreed to spend another day _____ the main problems. A.to reach; to discuss B.reached; discussing C.reaching; discussing D.reached; to discuss 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:由于没有达成协议,双方同意再花一天时间讨论主要问题。第一空是“with+宾语+宾语补足语”的复合结构,动词reach和宾语agreement之间是动宾关系,应用过去分词作宾语补足语;spend...(in) doing sth花费……做某事,故第二空用动名词形式。故选B项。 考点五 非谓语动词作定语 知识点 非谓语动词作定语的基本用法 情况 用法 示例 不定式作定语 表示动作即将发生 I have many assignments to do. 我有很多作业要做。 The conference to take place next month is bound to be a great success. 下个月举行的会议一定会取得巨大的成功。 多用于 ability、ambition、attempt、chance、courage、decision、desire、determination、effort、reason、time 等词后 He has an ambition to become a world champion. 他一心想成为世界冠军。 Thank you for giving me the chance to deliver the speech. 谢谢你给我发言的机会。 多用于被序数词、the only、the last、the right 或形容词最高级修饰的名词后 He is always the first person to come and the last to leave. 他总是第一个来,最后一个离开。 He is the best person to do the job. 他是做这个工作的最佳人选。 动名词作定语 表示所修饰名词的用途 a swimming pool 游泳池(=a pool for swimming ) a sleeping bag 睡袋(=a bag for sleeping ) writing skills 写作技巧(=skills for writing ) 分词作定语 现在分词表示主动、正在进行;过去分词表示被动、完成 A barking dog seldom bites. 吠犬不咬人。(前置定语 ) Unfulfilled wishes live on in the unconscious. 未实现的愿望在无意识中继续存在。(前置定语 ) The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras returned for quality problems. 生产商定期来收取因质量问题而被退回的相机。(后置定语 ) Last night, there were millions of people watching the opening ceremony on TV. 昨晚,有数百万人在电视上观看了开幕式。(后置定语 ) 得分速记 to be done、being done 与 done 作定语的区别: a meeting to be held tomorrow 一场明天将要举行的会议(表被动,表将来) a meeting being held at present 一场此刻正在进行的会议(表被动,表正在进行) a meeting held yesterday 一场昨天举行的会议(表被动,表完成) 考向 非谓语动词作定语 例1(2025·天津·二模)Paper cutting, ________ over centuries in China, is time-honored and has a glorious history. A.having developed B.being developed C.developed D.to develop 【答案】A 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:剪纸在中国已经发展了几个世纪,历史悠久,有着辉煌的历史。句中已有谓语动词,空处应用非谓语动词形式,develop与其逻辑主语Paper cutting之间为主动关系,应用现在分词形式作定语,且结合时间状语over centuries可知,该动作发生在谓语动词之前,应用现在分词的完成式having done。故填having developed。 例2(2025·天津河北·二模)We’d better put off interviewing the athlete, for he is busy preparing for an international contest _________ in Beijing soon. A.held B.to hold C.being held D.to be held 【答案】D 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:我们最好推迟采访这位运动员,因为他正忙于准备一场不久后将在北京举行的国际比赛。根据句意和句子结构可知,for后的原因状语从句的谓语动词是is,空格处是非谓语动词,hold与contest之间是被动关系,此处需要表示“将要被举行的国际比赛”,所以应该用不定式的被动形式to be held作后置定语,修饰名词短语an international contest。故选D。 考点六 非谓语动词作状语 知识点 非谓语动词作状语的基本用法 情况 用法 示例 不定式作状语 表示目的,除可以直接使用以外,也可用于 in order to do 或 so as to do 结构 I stopped the car to take a short break as I was feeling tired. 我觉得累了,就停车休息一会儿。 He used computers so as to solve the problems more efficiently. 他使用计算机以便更高效地解决问题。 用于某些固定结构,表示结果 He was too excited to fall asleep. 他激动得睡不着。 She's old enough to decide for herself. 她已到自己做决定的年龄了。 Yesterday I went to see her only to learn that she had gone abroad a week before. 昨天我去看她,却得知她一周前出国了。(出乎意料的结果 ) 与表示情感、状态的形容词连用,表示原因 I was honored to be invited. 能够被邀请,我很荣幸。 He was disappointed to find that she was gone. 发现她走了,他很失望。 分词作状语 现在分词表示作状语的动词与其逻辑主语构成主动关系;过去分词表示作状语的动词与其逻辑主语构成被动关系 Brought up in the countryside, he has difficulty in adapting to city life. 他在农村被养大,很难适应城市生活。(原因状语 ) Hearing the news, they immediately set off for Shanghai. 听到这个消息,他们立即出发去上海了。(时间状语 ) She stood at the window, watching the sunset. 她站在窗前看落日。(伴随状语 ) He turned off the lamp, seeing nothing. 他熄了灯,什么也看不见了。(结果状语,表示自然而然的结果 ) Though living near the cinema, I seldom go there. 尽管住在电影院附近,但我很少去那里。(让步状语 ) 独立成分作状语 不定式短语 to tell (you) the truth 老实说 to be honest 老实说 to begin with 首先 to make matters worse 更糟糕的是 to sum up 总之 to be brief 简言之 分词短语 considering that 考虑到,鉴于 generally speaking 一般来说 given that 考虑到,鉴于 judging by/from 根据…… 来判断 providing/provided that 假设 supposing that 假设 考向 非谓语动词作状语 例1(2024·天津南开·一模)Kathy reached the company out of breath only ________ she was fired. A.told B.to be told C.being told D.having told 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:凯西上气不接下气地赶到公司,却被告知她被解雇了。此处为only to do sth.,不定式作结果状语,表示出乎意料的结果,且tell与Kathy构成被动关系,故用to be done形式。故选B。 例2(2025·天津·二模)________ the construction plan before the deadline, the team has been working extra hours since last month. A.Completing B.Having completed C.To have completed D.To complete 【答案】D 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:为了在最后期限前完成建设计划,这个团队从上个月开始就一直在加班。本句已有谓语动词,所以complete用非谓语形式,根据句意,此处表目的,用不定式作目的状语。故选D项。 1.(2024·天津·高考真题)From the first explorers to today's travelers, humans have always had a desire _________ new places. A.to discover B.to be discovering C.to be discovered D.to have discovered 【答案】A 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:从第一批探险者到今天的旅行者,人类一直抱有发现新领域的渴望。discover意为“发现”,与句子主语humans构成逻辑上的主谓关系,应用to discover作desire的后置定语。故选A。 2.(2024·天津·高考真题)The organizers had to cancel the outdoor concert due to the sudden thunderstorm, _________ many eager fans who had been waiting for hours. A.disappointing B.to disappoint C.having disappointed D.disappointed 【答案】A 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:由于突然的雷暴天气,组织者不得不取消了户外音乐会,使得等待了几个小时的粉丝们非常失望。此处作状语,表示“自然而然的结果”,户外音乐会的取消让粉丝们失望,故应用现在分词作结果状语,故选A。 3.(2024·天津·高考真题)The fence between the two tennis courts _________. Soon children will have enough space for football games. A.are removed B.is to be removed C.were to be removed D.was being removed 【答案】B 【详解】考查动词不定式的被动语态结构。句意:两个网球场之间的栅栏将被拆除。很快孩子们就有足够的空间踢足球了。此处为谓语动词的填入,由第二句中的“will”可知,该句应该用将来时,所以选项中动词不定式可以表示将来,主语The fence和动词remove为被动关系,所以为动词不定式的被动语态结构,结合主语The fence为单数名词,所以为动词三单形式。故选B项。 4.(2023·天津·高考真题)The Palace Museum has the most remarkable collection of fine clocks in the world, mainly _________ from Europe and China. A.originating B.originated C.being originated D.having originated 【答案】A 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:故宫博物院收藏了世界上最精美的钟表,主要来自欧洲和中国。句中有谓语has,前后无连词,此处应用非谓语动词作后置定语,修饰fine clocks,且动词originate(源于)和fine clocks是主动关系,应用现在分词作后置定语,故选A。 5.(2023·天津·高考真题)_________ several adjustments to the design for two months, the engineer eventually succeeded in building a highly efficient system. A.Trying B.Tried C.Having tried D.Having been tried 【答案】C 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:在两个月的时间里,这位工程师对设计尝试了几次调整,最终成功地构建了一个高效的系统。本句谓语为succeeded,此处应用非谓语动词,逻辑主语the engineer与try“尝试”为主动关系,且此处强调动作try发生在谓语succeeded之前,应用现在分词的完成式having tried,作状语。故选C。 6.(2023·天津·高考真题)The hero’s touching story ________ online has drawn thousands of “likes” and hundreds of comments from the public. A.posting B.to post C.posted D.to be posted 【答案】C 【详解】考查非谓语动词、句意:这位英雄的感人故事被张贴在网上,已经吸引了成千上万的“赞”和数百条公众评论。句中已有谓语动词,所以用非谓语动词形式。post 和名词story 是逻辑上的动宾关系,所以用过去分词作定语。故选C。 7.(2023·天津·高考真题)________ back to the 18th century, Peking Opera has over two hundred years of history. A.Dating B.Being dated C.To date D.To be dated 【答案】A 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:京剧的起源可以追溯到18世纪,距今已有200多年的历史。date back to“追溯到,始于”,其后接表示具体时间的名词,没有被动语态;根据句中已有谓语动词has,且无连词,可知此处要用非调语动词,此处是现在分词形式作状语。故选A。 8.(2022·天津·高考真题)The city temperatures have returned from record low to normal, ________ the citizens to enjoy the outdoors again. A.allowing B.being allowed C.having allowed D.having been allowed 【答案】A 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:这个城市的温度已经从历史最低温度回归正常,使得人们又重新开始享受户外活动。分析句子可知,句子谓语动词是have returned,allow用非谓语动词形式作状语,根据句意,表示自然而然的结果,用现在分词作结果状语,故选A。 9.(2022·天津·高考真题)________ his restless students occupied with an indoor sport on rainy days, James Naismith created basketball. A.To be kept B.Kept C.To keep D.Keeping 【答案】C 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:为了让精力充沛的学生能够在雨天待在室内活动,James Naismith创造了篮球。分析句子结构可知,此处应填非谓语动词形式,结合句意可知,此处意为“为了”表示目的,所以该处为不定式作目的状语,且keep与逻辑主语James Naismith之间为主动关系。故选C项。 10.(2021·天津·高考真题)Mary became a baker at age 14, because her grandfather paid the local baker ________ her all the skills. A.to have taught B.to teach C.teaching D.having taught 【答案】B 【详解】考查动词的固定结构。句意:玛丽在14岁时成为了一名面包师,因为她的祖父付钱给当地的面包师来教她所有的技能。短语pay sb. to do sth.,意为“雇佣某人做某事”,根据句意,故选B。 11.(2021·天津·高考真题)China's National Highway 318, ________ over 5,000 kilometers from Shanghai to Zhangmu, Xizang, is known as the "heavenly road“ for its amazing views. A.to extend B.extended C.extending D.being extended 【答案】C 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:中国的国道318号,从上海到西藏樟木,延伸出5000多公里,因为它的令人赞叹的景观,被熟知为“天堂之路”。分析句子成分可知,is known as是整个句子的谓语动词,所以空格处应填非谓语动词,extend与主语China's National Highway 318之间的关系为主动,所以用extending。故选C。 12.(2020·天津·高考真题)The dancer’s incredible performance had the audience on its feet ______ for 10 minutes at the end of the show. A.being clapped B.clap C.clapped D.clapping 【答案】D 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:舞蹈演员令人难以置信的表演使观众站起来鼓掌达十分钟之久。该题中,have表示“使……处于……状态”。______ for 10 minutes作伴随状语,其逻辑主语the audience和clap之间是主动关系,故用现在分词。故选D。 13.(2020·天津·高考真题)______ us prepare for the exam, the teacher suggested reading through our notes. A.To help B.Helped C.Helping D.Being helped 【答案】A 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:为了帮助我们准备考试,老师建议通读我们的笔记。分析句子结构可知,老师建议我们诵读笔记是”为了“帮助我们准备考试。故表目的,应用动词不定式。故选A。 14.(2020·天津·高考真题)The local government doesn't have to sacrifice environmental protection ____________ economic growth. A.to be promoted B.being promoted C.promoting D.to promote 【答案】D 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:地方政府不必为了促进经济增长而牺牲环境保护。通过分析句子成分并翻译语境可知,句中存在谓语doesn't have to sacrifice,空中需使用非谓语动词且表示目的性关系,因此使用动词不定式形式。故选D项。 15.(2020·天津·高考真题)___________in 1931, the Empire State Building, the highest skyscraper until 1954, inspired the imagination of the world. A.Having completed B.Being completed C.Completed D.Completing 【答案】C 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:1931年完工的帝国大厦是1954年之前最高的摩天大楼,它激发了全世界的想象力。句中谓语动词是inspired,此处用非谓语动词。主语the Empire State Building和动词complete是被动关系,用过去分词作状语。A项是现在分词的完成式,不表被动。B项是doing的被动式。故选C。 1 / 1 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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第11讲 非谓语动词(复习讲义)(天津专用)2026年高考英语一轮复习讲练测
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第11讲 非谓语动词(复习讲义)(天津专用)2026年高考英语一轮复习讲练测
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第11讲 非谓语动词(复习讲义)(天津专用)2026年高考英语一轮复习讲练测
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