第01讲 完形填空之记叙文（复习讲义）（天津专用）2026年高考英语一轮复习讲练测

第01讲 完形填空之记叙文 目录 01 2 02 体系构建·思维可视 3 03 核心突破·靶向攻坚 3 考点一 句内层次题 3 知识点1 利用生活常识和文化背景解题 3 知识点2 利用对应成分分析法解题 3 知识点3 利用习惯用法及固定搭配解题 4 知识点4 利用逻辑关系解题 4 知识点5 利用语境暗示分析法解题 4 考向1 利用生活常识和文化背景解题 4 考向2 利用对应成分分析法解题 4 考向3 利用习惯用法及固定搭配解题 4 考向4 利用逻辑关系解题 5 考向5 利用语境暗示分析法解题 5 考点二 句组层次题 5 知识点1 利用语义复现解题 5 知识点2 利用作者的情感态度解题 5 考向1 利用语义复现解题 5 考向2 利用作者的情感态度解题 6 考点三 语篇层次题 6 知识点1 利用首尾呼应关系解题 6 知识点2 利用文章发展脉络解题 6 考向1 利用首尾呼应关系解题 6 考向2 利用文章发展脉络解题 7 04 真题溯源·考向感知 7 考点要求 考察形式 年份 主题语境 动词(短语) 名词 形容词 副词 介词(短语) 连词 完形填空 选择题 非选择题 2025年3月 人与社会 8 5 3 2 2 0 2024年6月 人与社会 8 5 3 1 2 1 2024年3月 人与社会 8 6 3 1 1 1 2023年6月 人与社会 7 5 6 2 0 0 2023年3月 人与社会 10 5 3 1 1 0 考情分析： 高考天津卷完形填空主要考查考生的阅读理解和逻辑推理能力以及在语境中对特定语法和词汇的综合运用能力。近几年，高考天津卷的完形填空语篇都是记叙文，侧重考查考生在特定语境中的词语辨识能力（以动词、名词、形容词为主）和语篇的整体及细节理解能力。考生在备考时，首先需要掌握记叙文的写作特点；其次，通过日常练习积累完形填空常考词汇、固定短语和习惯用法等，并关注常见词语的转化(如名词活用作动词等)、一词多义和熟词生义等现象；最后，要多练高考真题，以便更好地把握高考命题特点和趋势，高效地应对完形填空。 复习目标： 1. 掌握句内层次题的解题方法； 2. 掌握句组层次题的解题方法； 3. 掌握语篇层次题的解题方法。 考点一 句内层次题 知识点1 利用生活常识和文化背景解题 大部分完形填空试题需要联系上下文解答，而这其中有很多是考查生活常识和文化背景的题。学生在做题时，若能积极地调动自己掌握的生活常识和文化背景知识，巧妙地加以运用，特别是注意中西文化的差异，将会大大简化分析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时间，从而轻松地作出正确的判断。 知识点2 利用对应成分分析法解题 完形填空文章的上下文之间以及句子内部之间往往有着一定的逻辑关系，它使句子的各个成分之间形成一定的对应关系。学生可以根据这种逻辑关系找出与未知空格相对应的已知成分，将它作为线索，从而推断出未知空格的答案。 知识点3 利用习惯用法及固定搭配解题 我们也可以通过分析习惯用法、固定搭配等搭配关系和句子结构，进行有效的推理判断，从而选出正确选项。 知识点4 利用逻辑关系解题 通过分析设空处上下文与已知信息之间的逻辑关系来确定答案，主要应用于完形填空的两类题型：一是考查连接词和起连接作用的短语，二是考查上下文的逻辑关系。 知识点5 利用语境暗示分析法解题 上下文语境具体体现为全文的中心主线和主题、作者的态度倾向和评价、上下文语篇衔接、句际和段际关系。在句内层次题中，我们通常可以通过上下文语境暗示，即根据已知信息，推导出正确答案。 考向1 利用生活常识和文化背景解题 例1 （2024·全国甲卷）Born just before WWⅡ, my grandmother 43.experienced an entirely different childhood lifestyle from mine. She did not have a chance to go to 44.school.Like in typical families， where boys were 45.favored much more than girls， my grandma had to stay at home to do 　46　. 46. A. gardening　　　　　　　B. homework C. business D. housework 考向2 利用对应成分分析法解题 例1 （2022·全国乙卷）　We brought young children aged 2－4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC. Each 47.child sat down with an adult who covered her own eyes or 48.ears. We then asked the child if she could 　49　 or hear the adult. Surprisingly, children replied that they couldn’t. The same 50.thing happened when the adult covered her own mouth： 51.Now children said that they couldn’t 52.speak to her. 49.A.see　　　　　 B. help　　　　 　C. reach　　　　 D. fool 考向3 利用习惯用法及固定搭配解题 例1 （2024·新课标II卷）During my first visit to Italy, I 42.struggled to ask for directions or order in a restaurant. But every time I tried to 　43　 a sentence of Italian together, the locals smiled at me and 44.praised my language skills. 43. A. string　　 　 　B. hang　　 　 　C. mix　　　 　　D. match 考向4 利用逻辑关系解题 例1 （2023·浙江1月卷）... Then， with one end of a rope tied to his waist and the other end around the trunk of a tree， Ziyad began 47.climbing. He stopped every few minutes to move the 48.rope higher up the tree trunk. 　　　49　， Ziyad got close to the hive which was around 20 metres above the ground. Sitting on a branch， he 50.inched towards it and blew smoke from his torch into a tiny hole in the hive. 49.A.Finally　　 B. Surprisingly　 　C. Naturally　　 D. Immediately 考向5 利用语境暗示分析法解题 例1 （2023·新课标II卷）When I met Tiffy’s owners, they seemed very 47.nervous. George, the husband, was trying to be calm, but I could tell this was 　48　 for him, having to leave his dog to a 49.stranger and trust that everything would 50.work out. 48. A. hard　　 B. fine　　　 　C. common　　　　 D. lucky 考点二 句组层次题 知识点1 利用语义复现解题 复现是一种语义衔接手段，它通过原词、同义词/近义词、反义词、上义词、下义词或同根词等重复出现来表达某一概念，使整篇文章上下连贯，有机地衔接在一起。因此，学生可根据文章的具体情况，理解文章的结构和语境，利用文章中的语义复现来选出正确答案。 知识点2 利用作者的情感态度解题 在做完形填空题时，我们一定要在快速阅读文章的过程中，仔细找出能够反映作者情感态度的重要词汇，它们往往是名词、形容词、副词或动词。这些词汇通常是我们做题时重要的参照线索，可以帮助我们快速确定某些题目的正确答案。 考向1 利用语义复现解题 例1 （2023·全国乙卷）“I’m going to inspire so many people，” she said. “I’m ready to 　60　.” And shine she did. 60.A.shine　 　B. fly　 C. dance　 　D. score 例2 （2024·浙江1月卷）...Without batting an eye he would 48.quote a translated Emerson passage before asking about the literary influence of American 　49　 as a whole.“And what do you all learn about Russian authors？” I 50.recall him asking at one point. 49.A.writers　 B. historians　 C. workers　 D. students 例3 （2023·全国乙卷）... The Chinese coach 52.transformed Douglas into one of the best gymnasts in the 53.world， helping her skyrocket from an 　54　 member of the national team to the top of the sport. 54.A.amateur B. elected C. average D. enthusiastic 考向2 利用作者的情感态度解题 例1 （2024·新课标Ⅱ卷）... After I made Italy my permanent home, I discovered how 　46　 Italians are. Neighbors will bring me freshly made cheese and will come to my door to 47.remind me to close the window in my car when rain is coming. It’s these small 48.acts of kindness that make a new country feel like home. 46.A.open-minded　　　　　B. strong-willed C. warm-hearted D. well-informed 考点三 语篇层次题 知识点1 利用首尾呼应关系解题 完形填空的语篇或段落存在上下文或首尾呼应的关系，通过结合首段（或首句）和尾段（或尾句）信息，可以更好地解答部分题目。 知识点2 利用文章发展脉络解题 叙事类的完形填空在行文结构上往往包括：故事开端——发展——高潮——结局等不同情节，学生应梳理文章发展脉络，理清行文结构。 考向1 利用首尾呼应关系解题 例1 （2024·全国甲卷）One day, we had a family dinner. While the adults were busy with their serious talk outside， I was left alone in the 41.kitchen to help my grandmother wash dishes.42.As always, my grandmother would tell me stories about her childhood. 　　... 　　I’ve never faced the problem of 58.education. I guess our different childhood background is what makes my grandmother such an amazing person to 59.talk to: her stories always make my history textbooks 　60　. 60.A. come true B. come round C. come out D. come alive 考向2 利用文章发展脉络解题 例1 （2022·全国甲卷）You can tell a lot about a man by how he treats his dogs. 　　… 　　The next week we 47.walked our dogs together. It was a hot day. When we paused to catch our 48.breath， Steve got down on one knee. Was he proposing （求婚）? I liked him too， but so 49.soon? He poured water from a bottle into his hand and offered it to my dogs. 50.In that moment, I began to fall for him. 　　… 　　A year later， much to my 58.delight, this man produced a little box with a ring and proposed to me. He did not kneel (跪) down, nor did I 59.need him to. That’s only for giving 　60　 to the dogs that brought us together. 60.A.toys　　 B. awards　　　 C. food　 　　D. water Passage 1 （2024·天津·高考真题）I had struggled with math since fourth grade, but worked very hard to 1 the smart students around me. In eleventh grade, much to my classmates 2 , I signed up for precalculus BC, the hardest math class. That was when I met Mr. Dena and told him I had 3 in math, yet I would try my hardest. He was convinced I could succeed 4 the doubts from my classmates. Mr. Dena kept an unforgettable 5 by Sir Isaac Newton on his chalk board: “If I have been able to see further, it is only because I stand on the shoulders of giants.” He reflected on that throughout the year and was 6 to teach us more than math. Mr. Dena occasionally gave partner tests, believing that we could solve hard problems together. He drew names out of a hat to 7 partners. Students were 8 out loud that they wouldn't be paired with me. As the “lucky” name was 9 , the class burst into laughter. My partner joked about being 10 with me. However, we worked well together and surprised everyone with our 11 on this test. I learned so much from my classmates and I realized this was really 12 we had partner tests. The final exam was Mr. Dena's final 13 to us, but I failed it. I told him I didn't understand how I could do so 14 on a test when I had studied so hard. He explained it's not about the grades; it's about true understanding. If studying didn't 15 on a test, it would someday. I knew then that 16 passing or failing tests, studying was about hard work and effort. And I 17 myself harder than I ever had. To be challenged in math really changed the way I 18 other challenges in life. I wasn't going to let a grade stop me from learning some of the best lessons of my life. Mr. Dena is one of the giants that Newton 19 . He has helped me see not only more 20 ideas than I thought possible, but who I can be. 1．A．keep up with B．give in to C．stay away from D．watch out for 2．A．sorrow B．delight C．surprise D．relief 3．A．talent B．methods C．innovation D．weaknesses 4．A．in spite of B．in case of C．in view of D．in consequence of 5．A．diary B．quote C．essay D．letter 6．A．embarrassed B．determined C．astonished D．puzzled 7．A．assign B．honor C．persuade D．monitor 8．A．reading B．singing C．praying D．applauding 9．A．registered B．changed C．abandoned D．picked 10．A．concerned B．stuck C．impressed D．content 11．A．negotiation B．mistake C．performance D．standard 12．A．when B．why C．where D．how 13．A．decision B．challenge C．instruction D．victory 14．A．accurately B．carefully C．effortlessly D．poorly 15．A．give out B．break down C．turn up D．pay off 16．A．beyond B．within C．upon D．across 17．A．praised B．defended C．pushed D．criticized 18．A．viewed B．created C．ignored D．presented 19．A．admires B．establishes C．measures D．describes 20．A．social B．mathematical C．psychological D．moral Passage 2 （2024·天津·高考真题）At 23, I applied for my first job and it was not successful. When I received the 1 email, I felt disappointed and angry. I had spent days 2 the interview and in the end, I didn’t even know what went wrong. Months later, after a job interview at another company, I got a call From the manager. “ 3 , we decided to offer the job to someone else,” he said. “Would you like to hear the feedback (反馈)?” The manager went on to tell me I hadn’t expressed my 4 for applying for the position. The feedback was 5 to hear, but he was right. As I just wanted a job in my home city, I didn’t 6 much whether it fit my interests. The job at the company was something I was capable of doing, but I didn’t feel 7 about it — and that showed in the interview. From then on, I decided to carefully evaluate each job opening and only 8 at I was interested in. In my applications, I also began 9 clearly why I wanted that particular job. Soon my effort 10 , as I got an offer I was truly excited about. Years later, I found myself on the other side of the table, interviewing 11 for a position in my lab. One of them got my attention. On paper, his application looked 12 , but the interview went badly. He didn’t seem to have done any reading 13 about my research, which made me wonder 14 he was truly interested in working with me. When I called to tell him, I couldn’t offer him the 15 , he was disappointed. I then told him where he could 16 in future interviews. As the 17 went on, I got the sense that he was grateful for what I said. Nowadays, when my own trainees apply for positions else where, I encourage them to 18 feedback. It’s never pleasant to 19 constructive criticism, but if we are told where we are lagging (落后), we are more likely to avoid making the same 20 in the future. 1．A．congratulation B．invitation C．rejection D．complaint 2．A．taking up B．preparing for C．calling off D．passing down 3．A．Consequently B．Hopefully C．Surprisingly D．Unfortunately 4．A．requirement B．motivation C．imagination D．suggestion 5．A．tough B．pleasant C．frightening D．reasonable 6．A．care B．regret C．doubt D．know 7．A．nervous B．enthusiastic C．relaxed D．embarrassed 8．A．introduce B．abandon C．pursue D．display 9．A．examining B．stating C．judging D．instructing 10．A．came about B．faded away C．settled down D．paid off 11．A．officials B．candidates C．visitors D．employers 12．A．great B．easy C．confusing D．complicated 13．A．in advance B．on average C．by contrast D．for free 14．A．that B．when C．where D．whether 15．A．salary B．degree C．award D．position 16．A．continue B．serve C．improve D．participate 17．A．conversation B．adventure C．negotiation D．journey 18．A．set aside B．ask for C．put off D．contribute to 19．A．give away B．insist on C．listen to D．fight for 20．A．proposals B．decisions C．comments D．mistakes Passage 3 （2023·天津·高考真题）There are moments when strangers’ lives collide(碰撞)by accident, and even though they may never see each other again, they’ re changed forever. These can be moments when true character is 1 , often through acts of kindness and generosity of unlikely heroes.   Not long ago, I was a(n) 2 to that kind of moment. On a summer midnight, my parents and I had just 3 a long flight and started to walk through the empty airport when I saw a passenger suddenly fall to the ground. We 4 ran toward him. My parents, who are doctors, dropped everything and began trying to 5 what had happened. As they asked him questions and searched for a(n) 6 information card, other passengers from the flight joined us. My parents 7 that the man was hypoglycaemic(低血糖的) and in major need of sugar. 8 , the only thing we could find was a protein bar. We were 9 it would not be enough to save him. Just then, a young boy, Mecca, arrived at the 10 with the flight attendants(空乘人员). He quietly announced, “I have a Snickers(士力架巧克力)!” Nobody responded to him as they were in the 11 of trying to save a stranger's life. Mecca dug deep into his backpack, and 12 a Snickers. He then handed it to my father, who was trying to manage with the protein bar. Within seconds of the Snickers replacing the protein bar, the man regained 13 . Mecca, a fourth grader,   14 this stranger's life! No one could have guessed that earlier that night, Mecca had just been through a 15 time. His father's flight was unexpectedly canceled, 16 him to fly alone. He had never flown by himself before and was very nervous. His grandmother filled his backpack with candy to make him a little less 17 . When we told Mecca's parents of his 18 actions, they smiled from ear to ear. They were surprised that he had saved some candy and was able to think about the candy during the 19 . As time goes on, I remain 20 by the experience of witnessing a nine-year-old save a stranger's life. Even today Mecca's kindness continues to make me smile. 1．A．created B．revealed C．introduced D．preserved 2．A．witness B．visitor C．match D．exception 3．A．caught B．confirmed C．gotten off D．put off 4．A．safely B．accidentally C．casually D．immediately 5．A．get across B．figure out C．take down D．bring up 6．A．medical B．financial C．educational D．military 7．A．recalled B．determined C．admitted D．guaranteed 8．A．Instead B．Therefore C．Otherwise D．However 9．A．worried B．confused C．embarrassed D．annoyed 10．A．station B．destination C．scene D．department 11．A．chaos B．possession C．habit D．direction 12．A．gave away B．set aside C．pulled out D．kept off 13．A．memory B．appetite C．independence D．consciousness 14．A．risked B．saved C．sacrificed D．respected 15．A．proper B．tough C．enjoyable D．mysterious 16．A．forcing B．urging C．reminding D．permitting 17．A．guilty B．anxious C．sensitive D．doubtful 18．A．modest B．ambitious C．heroic D．confident 19．A．flight B．operation C．performance D．emergency 20．A．relieved B．puzzled C．frustrated D．inspired Passage 4 （2023·天津·高考真题）In my early thirties, I decided to climb Mount Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa at 5, 895 meters above sea level. After months of preparation, I started my great 1 .At the base of the mountain, I met Mik, a local porter, who warmly 2 me. Mik’s job was to carry my equipment up the mountain, set up the tent (帐篷), and carry everything back down after reaching the 3 . Mik stood about 1.6 meters tall. I was 4 with a pack nearly as tall as his whole body. Just imagine this little man with the huge equipment 5 on his head. The first day of the climb was 6 the rain forest, across a slippery (滑的), muddy ground covered with tree roots and vines (藤蔓). Mik was carrying 30 kilos on his head! By that evening, we made it to 3, 000 meters. The air was 7 and it was colder. When I arrived at the campsite for the night, my tent was already set up and 8 me. Day two was much steeper (陡峭的) and rockier. I really had to 9 what I was doing. And I felt guilty for the tough.   10 Mik had to work in Yet when I turned to Mik, he said with the biggest smile, “Polle, polle, ”which means“ 11 , take it easy” in his native language. I 12 back, my burden lighter somehow. Over the next five days, the climb got 13 difficult. The temperatures could 14 from 21°C to below freezing in a few hours. At 5, 700 meters, there’s only half the oxygen 15 in each breath compared to at sea level. That leaves many people with severe headache. Yet Mik remained 16 . He always had a smile and a positive 17 .It had an enormous impact on me, giving me the 18 to keep going. Even today, when I find myself 19 with anything in life, I just think back to Mik and his smile. A great attitude can bring joy to those around you, or even 20 stranger to the top of a mountain. 1．A．performance B．business C．presentation D．adventure 2．A．questioned B．congratulated C．greeted D．invited 3．A．base B．peak C．forest D．border 4．A．covered B．equipped C．occupied D．treated 5．A．balanced B．exposed C．displayed D．folded 6．A．outside B．beside C．through D．over 7．A．thinner B．softer C．drier D．sweeter 8．A．looking after B．pointing to C．resting on D．waiting for 9．A．focus on B．comment on C．inquire into D．break into 10．A．locations B．conditions C．atmosphere D．competition 11．A．stop B．hurry C．relax D．move 12．A．ran B．talked C．smiled D．rode 13．A．slightly B．increasingly C．automatically D．equally 14．A．swing B．circle C．climb D．last 15．A．predictable B．available C．noticeable D．affordable 16．A．ambitious B．modest C．thankful D．cheerful 17．A．direction B．advantage C．attitude D．relationship 18．A．impression B．platform C．opportunity D．strength 19．A．cooperating B．struggling C．associating D．communicating 20．A．persuade B．introduce C．motivate D．recommend Passage 5 （2022·天津·高考真题）When I was in sixth grade, I joined the band program to learn to play the clarinet (单簧管). The beginning of the year had gone 1 . But as most students progressed, I seemed to fall behind. One day, when my teacher told us to play in front of the other students, I was filled with fear. I knew I would 2 . When I began to play, my rhythms (节奏) were good, but my tone was another 3 . “Did you practice your lesson?” the teacher barked at me. I felt so 4 and my world came 5 down in an instant. From then on, I hated playing the clarinet and I kept getting 6 . With the day of the new performance approaching, I grew increasingly upset. In a moment of 7 , I asked for sick leave. It was so relieving and such a(n) 8 way out. The avoidance of my lessons continued until my mum asked me about it. “I want to quit.” My tears started 9 . “If you really want to quit, why are you crying?” asked mum. She 10 and I realized I wanted to stay in band and, by not facing my fears, I had created a black hole that would be difficult to 11 out of. I made a 12 not to hide from my fears and to stand up to even the worst of them, so a 13 could be achieved. The next day I met with my band teacher and told her I was having a problem and couldn’t 14 why. She asked me gently to play for her. I tried, but only an unpleasant sound came out. She didn’t 15 at me and handed me a new reed (簧片). I put it in place and tried again. To my great 16 I could play well. My problem was solved and my fear was 17 a lot that year. 18 I’m glad that I overcame my fear. Fear can 19 everything in a person’s life. Hiding from those very fears only creates a hole, which makes a person stay 20 inside. After facing up to a fear, one may find life easier and much more enjoyable. 1．A．badly B．endlessly C．randomly D．smoothly 2．A．mess up B．move on C．set out D．take off 3．A．impression B．essay C．story D．factor 4．A．ashamed B．starved C．excited D．relaxed 5．A．crashing B．moving C．selling D．bending 6．A．stricter B．worse C．happier D．smarter 7．A．joy B．panic C．doubt D．sympathy 8．A．funny B．important C．easy D．traditional 9．A．drying B．disappearing C．flowing D．separating 10．A．had a point B．made a change C．reached a level D．took a break 11．A．send B．bring C．pick D．climb 12．A．request B．resolution C．presentation D．proposal 13．A．balance B．degree C．position D．solution 14．A．figure out B．give away C．think over D．make up 15．A．aim B．smile C．wave D．shout 16．A．anger B．sorrow C．disappointment D．surprise 17．A．felt B．shown C．removed D．voiced 18．A．Carrying on B．Looking back C．Stepping aside D．Turning around 19．A．consume B．examine C．reflect D．rescue 20．A．unknown B．unpunished C．interested D．trapped Passage 6 （2021·天津·高考真题）For most people, having things stolen feels like an offence. Robbie Pruitt admitted that he got 1 when he discovered the theft of his mountain bike last September. But soon enough, his 2 took a turn. After letting go of his anger and frustration, he found himself on a road to sympathy 3 . For Pruitt, a keen bicyclist, the first thing to do was 4 his stolen bike. But when he went bike shopping, he found few available, which got him thinking: What if the 5 of bikes was Covid-19 related, and what if the person who'd taken his bike really needed 6 to get to work? With that thought in mind, Pruitt 7 a plan and posted it on the community website. He 8 to fix bikes free of charge for anyone who needed it. He also asked for unwanted bikes, which he would repair-again 9 . And then he would donate them to folks who could truly use them but didn't have the 10 to buy one. The day the post went live, Pruitt received thirty 11 bicycles. Then came more than 500 12 for detailed information. By the end of 2020, Pruitt had repaired more than 140 for donation or to be 13 to their owners. Pruitt tries to give his donations to families that are 14 struggling. 15 simply satisfying a material need, he has provided an opportunity for kids in his neighborhood to learn how to fix their own bikes. In addition to 16 skills, Pruitt's lessons teach teamwork, encourage self-worth, and promote feelings of community. 17 , the kids have gained a sense of accomplishment. "It's a really great 18 for kids,“ said a neighbor in an interview with the local newspaper. "Pruitt is certainly providing a 19 , but it's not just the bikes. It's the relationships in the community. It's the 20 that he can make on people." 1．A．amazed B．mad C．curious D．frightened 2．A．emotions B．career C．opinions D．route 3．A．ever B．together C．instead D．yet 4．A．ride B．lock C．repair D．replace 5．A．lack B．variety C．increase D．quality 6．A．instruction B．qualification C．transportation D．permission 7．A．came up with B．stuck to C．gave up D．broke away from 8．A．remembered B．refused C．hesitated D．offered 9．A．by accident B．in advance C．for free D．on credit 10．A．profit B．budget C．courage D．excuse 11．A．shared B．used C．expensive D．modern 12．A．enquiries B．advertisements C．notices D．announcements 13．A．exported B．sold C．lent D．returned 14．A．hardly B．slightly C．truly D．instantly 15．A．Without B．Beyond C．Upon D．Among 16．A．practical B．commercial C．mathematical D．social 17．A．Otherwise B．However C．Somehow D．Meanwhile 18．A．promise B．celebration C．comfort D．experience 19．A．competition B．service C．ceremony D．suggestion 20．A．compromise B．impression C．impact D．progress Passage 7 （2021·天津·高考真题）My brother and I are exactly one year apart. We look like twins, but we are completely 1 . By the time we got to middle school it was clear that my older brother 2 meditation (冥想),while I was a born 3 who preferred the theatrical, even when off stage. I took his relative silence to be offensive. We simply didn't 4 . I didn't 5 having a tense relationship with my brother because I was involved at school. 6 , I threw myself into the world of musicals. I practised singing in the bedroom every day to remain at my best and be 7 for roles; my brother would meditate on a window seat. He might feel high school was already hard enough 8 my noisy singing. So space to practise became a（n） 9 between us because we shared a room. At the start of the semester, I practised “Circle of Life" for a musical. This was the first time I 10 to learn a song, because my voice cracked (破音)as I switched to a head voice. I was annoyed in that period and 11 practising, declaring I had reached the ceiling of my singing career. For the first time in years my brother 12 quiet when I got home. After two days of this, my brother asked me to 13 him in meditation. Feeling my anger at my inability to manage this song 14 ,I accepted. My brother said, "When your mind floats away, you simply come back. Don't blame yourself" I got the message, and it soon became my new 15 . I kept trying at the song, no longer getting 16 at myself. And just in time for the trial performance, I was able to 17 power in my singing despite the switch to a head voice. It was important for me to learn that you don't have to always get everything 18 the first time and that good things come with continual 19 .I now understand why my brother favours the 20 . 1．A．mature B．different C．content D．normal 2．A．disliked B．preferred C．replaced D．abandoned 3．A．writer B．leader C．painter D．performer 4．A．get along B．drop by C．show off D．check in 5．A．try B．mind C．enjoy D．delay 6．A．In particular B．In vain C．In return D．In theory 7．A．humorous B．ordinary C．competitive D．grateful 8．A．above B．below C．near D．without 9．A．issue B．contrast C．agreement D．balance 10．A．struggled B．expected C．promised D．decided 11．A．began B．allowed C．stopped D．continued 12．A．hated B．experienced C．accepted D．wanted 13．A．help B．invite C．join D．admire 14．A．gracefully B．suddenly C．fiercely D．cautiously 15．A．limit B．sentence C．mistake D．philosophy 16．A．rude B．angry C．surprised D．excited 17．A．lose B．share C．reduce D．maintain 18．A．wrong B．right C．back D．down 19．A．luck B．absence C．effort D．fear 20．A．fight B．noise C．quiet D．safety Passage 8 （2020·天津·高考真题）Detective Ashley Jones works at a police department in England. He has recently made a significant 1 - -loneliness is a serious social problem that can contribute to depression and even crimes, but it can be 2 in a clever way. The 3 ? Chat benches. Jones got the idea after he had talked with an elderly lady who had been cheated of her 4 . The lady would get a call from a stranger every morning who 5 made her believe that he was her friend, and then she lent him about “f 31,000 . Jones was 6 when she said that she didn’t actually 7 being cheated. “Otherwise, 1would never speak to another person for weeks on end,” she said. This led Jones to the conclusion that there are too many extremely 8 people in his community, who are easy targets of cheating. So he 9 to do something about it. He 10 the police department to allow him to 11   a couple of “chat benches” in two of their local parks. Then he hung a colorful sign on each of the benches that 12 :”HAPPY TO CHAT. “Just a few days after the signs went up, he found people sitting there and engaging in active and 13 conversations. The idea is catching on 14 There are now over 40 chat benches throughout England. More new chat benches have sprung up across the UK and beyond. All who participated have gained a(n) 15 outcome from getting involved. Jones’ idea has been fully 16 -the “HAPPY TO CHAT” benches help 17 the invisible social barrier that keeps people from saying hello. This effort is not just a(n) 18 at being community minded- -it’s also a 19 measure. It prevents people who are cut off from society falling victim to cheaters. The Chat Bench is a fantastic new project that 20 those of all ages to interact and get to know each other in the future. 1．A．choice B．discovery C．visit D．promise 2．A．experienced B．suffered C．prevented D．felt 3．A．solution B．puzzle C．excuse D．intention 4．A．pleasure B．prize C．credit D．money 5．A．eventually B．frequently C．previously D．occasionally 6．A．ashamed B．shocked C．excited D．amused 7．A．mind B．forgive C．risk D．enjoy 8．A．active B．lonely C．cautious D．stubborn 9．A．learned B．refused C．pretended D．decided 10．A．forced B．ordered C．convinced D．taught 11．A．put away B．make out C．tear apart D．set up 12．A．read B．claimed C．meant D．implied 13．A．formal B．joyful C．awkward D．crazy 14．A．randomly B．slowly C．quickly D．purposefully 15．A．positive B．disappointing C．correct D．embarrassing 16．A．realized B．examined C．discussed D．formed 17．A．break down B．put up C．keep off D．take out 18．A．glance B．attempt C．knock D．attack 19．A．heart-breaking B．risk-taking C．face-saving D．crime-cutting 20．A．forbids B．appoints C．encourages D．troubles Passage 9 （2020·天津·高考真题）For the past ten years, my dad and I have attended the same school--- he as an administrator and I as a student. Our relationship, in and out of school, has been totally unpredictable. When I was younger, all that my dad said was doctrine （信条）and anything did I, 1 , copied. We played games together, and stayed up late reading bedtime stories. I could 2 my dad taking me to school, running into him 3 during the day and riding home with him every afternoon. As I grew older, we were not as 4 as we used to be. He wasn't cool any more .He wore his socks too high, listened to 5 country music and laughed too loudly in front of my friends. He became a total embarrassment. However, the 6 that occurred in school were even worse. The worst one happened in seventh grade. My dad came to our New Year party, 7 as Donald Duck, guitar in hand, singing silly songs. Just kill me！ I wanted to run away. This 8 continued into high school, but we somehow began to find a balance .Things started to 9 around the time of my 10th-grade physics project. The 10 was to build a wood bridge with the best strength-to-weight ratio（比率）. All the students and physics teachers 11 . So did my dad, the only administrator！ Embarrassed, as usual, I 12 the  scene. 13 , later when I learned from my friends that my dad     14 all competitors and won everyone's admiration, I found that mixed in with my 15 was a touch of pride. I had needed someone else to show me what I 16 in my dad. It wasn't the fact that he'd won； it was more than that. I began to 17 that we have many of the same values and sometimes the same opinions. No matter how much I had tried to 18 him, he still influenced me. I feel 19 to have such an unusual father. The 20 I have developed with my dad over the years has enabled me to look back and see how I’ve grown. 1．A．temporarily B．naturally C．originally D．passively 2．A．apply to B．count on C．see off D．pick out 3．A．gradually B．previously C．regularly D．eventually 4．A．close B．reliable C．generous D．confident 5．A．creative B．familiar C．horrible D．live 6．A．failures B．coincidences C．competitions D．disasters 7．A．dressed up B．broken down C．settled down D．signed up 8．A．debate B．party C．progress D．struggle 9．A．happen B．change C．grow D．disappear 10．A．issue B．task C．lesson D．procedure 11．A．participated B．protested C．hesitated D．explored 12．A．fled B．investigated C．pictured D．made 13．A．Instead B．Otherwise C．Therefore D．However 14．A．convinced B．defeated C．ignored D．evaluated 15．A．confusion B．encouragement C．embarrassment D．fascination 16．A．recommended B．tolerated C．doubted D．appreciated 17．A．recognize B．demand C．argue D．estimate 18．A．approach B．limit C．resist D．believe 19．A．puzzled B．fortunate C．concerned D．awkward 20．A．strategy B．habit C．relationship D．potential 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 第01讲 完形填空之记叙文 目录 01 2 02 体系构建·思维可视 3 03 核心突破·靶向攻坚 3 考点一 句内层次题 3 知识点1 利用生活常识和文化背景解题 3 知识点2 利用对应成分分析法解题 3 知识点3 利用习惯用法及固定搭配解题 4 知识点4 利用逻辑关系解题 4 知识点5 利用语境暗示分析法解题 4 考向1 利用生活常识和文化背景解题 4 考向2 利用对应成分分析法解题 4 考向3 利用习惯用法及固定搭配解题 5 考向4 利用逻辑关系解题 5 考向5 利用语境暗示分析法解题 5 考点二 句组层次题 6 知识点1 利用语义复现解题 6 知识点2 利用作者的情感态度解题 6 考向1 利用语义复现解题 6 考向2 利用作者的情感态度解题 7 考点三 语篇层次题 8 知识点1 利用首尾呼应关系解题 8 知识点2 利用文章发展脉络解题 8 考向1 利用首尾呼应关系解题 8 考向2 利用文章发展脉络解题 8 04 真题溯源·考向感知 9 考点要求 考察形式 年份 主题语境 动词(短语) 名词 形容词 副词 介词(短语) 连词 完形填空 选择题 非选择题 2025年3月 人与社会 8 5 3 2 2 0 2024年6月 人与社会 8 5 3 1 2 1 2024年3月 人与社会 8 6 3 1 1 1 2023年6月 人与社会 7 5 6 2 0 0 2023年3月 人与社会 10 5 3 1 1 0 考情分析： 高考天津卷完形填空主要考查考生的阅读理解和逻辑推理能力以及在语境中对特定语法和词汇的综合运用能力。近几年，高考天津卷的完形填空语篇都是记叙文，侧重考查考生在特定语境中的词语辨识能力（以动词、名词、形容词为主）和语篇的整体及细节理解能力。考生在备考时，首先需要掌握记叙文的写作特点；其次，通过日常练习积累完形填空常考词汇、固定短语和习惯用法等，并关注常见词语的转化(如名词活用作动词等)、一词多义和熟词生义等现象；最后，要多练高考真题，以便更好地把握高考命题特点和趋势，高效地应对完形填空。 复习目标： 1. 掌握句内层次题的解题方法； 2. 掌握句组层次题的解题方法； 3. 掌握语篇层次题的解题方法。 考点一 句内层次题 知识点1 利用生活常识和文化背景解题 大部分完形填空试题需要联系上下文解答，而这其中有很多是考查生活常识和文化背景的题。学生在做题时，若能积极地调动自己掌握的生活常识和文化背景知识，巧妙地加以运用，特别是注意中西文化的差异，将会大大简化分析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时间，从而轻松地作出正确的判断。 知识点2 利用对应成分分析法解题 完形填空文章的上下文之间以及句子内部之间往往有着一定的逻辑关系，它使句子的各个成分之间形成一定的对应关系。学生可以根据这种逻辑关系找出与未知空格相对应的已知成分，将它作为线索，从而推断出未知空格的答案。 知识点3 利用习惯用法及固定搭配解题 我们也可以通过分析习惯用法、固定搭配等搭配关系和句子结构，进行有效的推理判断，从而选出正确选项。 知识点4 利用逻辑关系解题 通过分析设空处上下文与已知信息之间的逻辑关系来确定答案，主要应用于完形填空的两类题型：一是考查连接词和起连接作用的短语，二是考查上下文的逻辑关系。 知识点5 利用语境暗示分析法解题 上下文语境具体体现为全文的中心主线和主题、作者的态度倾向和评价、上下文语篇衔接、句际和段际关系。在句内层次题中，我们通常可以通过上下文语境暗示，即根据已知信息，推导出正确答案。 考向1 利用生活常识和文化背景解题 例1 （2024·全国甲卷）Born just before WWⅡ, my grandmother 43.experienced an entirely different childhood lifestyle from mine. She did not have a chance to go to 44.school.Like in typical families， where boys were 45.favored much more than girls， my grandma had to stay at home to do 　46　. 46. A. gardening　　　　　　　B. homework C. business D. housework 【答案】D 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：就像典型的重男轻女的家庭一样，我奶奶不得不呆在家里做家务。A. gardening 园艺；B. homework 家庭作业；C. business 商务；D. housework 家务。结合语境，再根据上文“my grandma had to stay at home”可推知，此处指作者祖母在家里做家务。故选D。 考向2 利用对应成分分析法解题 例1 （2022·全国乙卷）　We brought young children aged 2－4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC. Each 47.child sat down with an adult who covered her own eyes or 48.ears. We then asked the child if she could 　49　 or hear the adult. Surprisingly, children replied that they couldn’t. The same 50.thing happened when the adult covered her own mouth： 51.Now children said that they couldn’t 52.speak to her. 49.A.see　　　　　 B. help　　　　 　C. reach　　　　 D. fool 【答案】A 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后我们问儿童是否能看到或听到成年人的声音。A.see看见; B.help帮助; C.reach到达; D.fool欺骗。根据上文“Each 47.child sat down with an adult who covered her own eyes or 48.ears.”（每个孩子和遮住了眼睛和耳朵的大人坐在一起）可知，成年人遮住了自己的眼睛，所以此处儿童被询问是否能看见成年人。故选A项。 考向3 利用习惯用法及固定搭配解题 例1 （2024·新课标II卷）During my first visit to Italy, I 42.struggled to ask for directions or order in a restaurant. But every time I tried to 　43　 a sentence of Italian together, the locals smiled at me and 44.praised my language skills. 43. A. string　　 　 　B. hang　　 　 　C. mix　　　 　　D. match 【答案】A 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我试着把一个意大利语句子串在一起，当地人对我微笑，称赞我的语言技能。A. string串起、连成一串；B. hang悬挂；C. mix混合；D. match配对。根据下文“a sentence of Italian together”可推知，此处指作者努力想用意大利语串成一句话。故选A。 考向4 利用逻辑关系解题 例1 （2023·浙江1月卷）... Then， with one end of a rope tied to his waist and the other end around the trunk of a tree， Ziyad began 47.climbing. He stopped every few minutes to move the 48.rope higher up the tree trunk. 　　　49　， Ziyad got close to the hive which was around 20 metres above the ground. Sitting on a branch， he 50.inched towards it and blew smoke from his torch into a tiny hole in the hive. 49.A.Finally　　 B. Surprisingly　 　C. Naturally　　 D. Immediately 【答案】A 【详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：Ziyad最终到达了蜂巢。那儿距离地面大概有20米高。A. Finally最终；B. Surprisingly令人意外地；C. Naturally自然地；D. Immediately立刻。根据上文“He stopped every few minutes to move the 48.rope higher up the tree trunk.”可知，身手矫健的Ziyad借助绳索不断向上攀爬，终于到达树顶放置蜂巢的位置。故选A项。 考向5 利用语境暗示分析法解题 例1 （2023·新课标II卷）When I met Tiffy’s owners, they seemed very 47.nervous. George, the husband, was trying to be calm, but I could tell this was 　48　 for him, having to leave his dog to a 49.stranger and trust that everything would 50.work out. 48. A. hard　　 B. fine　　　 　C. common　　　　 D. lucky 【答案】A 【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：丈夫George试着冷静下来，但我看得出来，这对他来说很难，他不得不把狗留给一个陌生人，并相信一切都会进展顺利。A. hard困难的；B. fine好的；C. common常见的；D. lucky幸运的。根据上文“was trying to be calm”以及下文“having to leave his dog to a 49.stranger and trust that everything would 50.work out.”可推知，此处指把狗留给一个陌生人对主人来说很难。故选A。 考点二 句组层次题 知识点1 利用语义复现解题 复现是一种语义衔接手段，它通过原词、同义词/近义词、反义词、上义词、下义词或同根词等重复出现来表达某一概念，使整篇文章上下连贯，有机地衔接在一起。因此，学生可根据文章的具体情况，理解文章的结构和语境，利用文章中的语义复现来选出正确答案。 知识点2 利用作者的情感态度解题 在做完形填空题时，我们一定要在快速阅读文章的过程中，仔细找出能够反映作者情感态度的重要词汇，它们往往是名词、形容词、副词或动词。这些词汇通常是我们做题时重要的参照线索，可以帮助我们快速确定某些题目的正确答案。 考向1 利用语义复现解题 例1 （2023·全国乙卷）“I’m going to inspire so many people，” she said. “I’m ready to 　60　.” And shine she did. 60.A.shine　 　B. fly　 C. dance　 　D. score 【答案】A 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我准备好发光了”。A.shine照耀、发光；B.fly飞行；C.dance跳舞；D.score得分。由上文“I'm going to inspire so many people”和“And shine she did.”可知，Douglas认为自己将会激励很多人，即自己会发光，影响到很多人，故选A。 例2 （2024·浙江1月卷）...Without batting an eye he would 48.quote a translated Emerson passage before asking about the literary influence of American 　49　 as a whole.“And what do you all learn about Russian authors？” I 50.recall him asking at one point. 49.A.writers　 B. historians　 C. workers　 D. students 【答案】A 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他会眼都不眨地引用翻译过的爱默生的一段话，然后再询问美国作家对文学的整体影响。A. writers作者; B. historians历史学家; C. workers工人; D. students学生。根据上文“a translated Emerson passage before asking about the literary influence of American”以及后文“And what do you all learn about Russian authors?(你们对俄罗斯作家有什么了解?)”可知，年轻人对美国和俄罗斯的作家感兴趣。故选A。 例3 （2023·全国乙卷）... The Chinese coach 52.transformed Douglas into one of the best gymnasts in the 53.world， helping her skyrocket from an 　54　 member of the national team to the top of the sport. 54.A.amateur B. elected C. average D. enthusiastic 【答案】C 【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这位中国教练让Douglas成为世界上最好的体操运动员之一，帮助她从国家队的普通队员一跃成为体操运动的顶尖选手。A. amateur业余爱好的；B. selected当选的；C. average平均的；普通的；D. enthusiastic热情的。由下文“member of the national team to the top of the sport”可知，这位中国教练帮助Douglas从国家队的普通队员一跃成为体操运动的顶尖选手。故选C。 考向2 利用作者的情感态度解题 例1 （2024·新课标Ⅱ卷）... After I made Italy my permanent home, I discovered how 　46　 Italians are. Neighbors will bring me freshly made cheese and will come to my door to 47.remind me to close the window in my car when rain is coming. It’s these small 48.acts of kindness that make a new country feel like home. 46.A.open-minded　　　　　B. strong-willed C. warm-hearted D. well-informed 【答案】C 【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我把意大利作为永久的家后，我发现了意大利人是多么的热情。A. open-minded思想开明的；B. strong-willed思想坚定的；C. warm-hearted热心的；D. well-informed见多识广的。根据下文邻居的热心行为“Neighbors will bring me freshly made cheese and will come to my door”和“close the window in my car when rain is coming.”可推知，此处指邻居是热情的。故选C。 考点三 语篇层次题 知识点1 利用首尾呼应关系解题 完形填空的语篇或段落存在上下文或首尾呼应的关系，通过结合首段（或首句）和尾段（或尾句）信息，可以更好地解答部分题目。 知识点2 利用文章发展脉络解题 叙事类的完形填空在行文结构上往往包括：故事开端——发展——高潮——结局等不同情节，学生应梳理文章发展脉络，理清行文结构。 考向1 利用首尾呼应关系解题 例1 （2024·全国甲卷）One day, we had a family dinner. While the adults were busy with their serious talk outside， I was left alone in the 41.kitchen to help my grandmother wash dishes.42.As always, my grandmother would tell me stories about her childhood. 　　... 　　I’ve never faced the problem of 58.education. I guess our different childhood background is what makes my grandmother such an amazing person to 59.talk to: her stories always make my history textbooks 　60　. 60.A. come true B. come round C. come out D. come alive 【答案】D 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我想是我们不同的童年背景让我的祖母成为了一个交谈时令人惊叹的人：她的故事总是让我的历史教科书鲜活起来。A. come true成真；B.come round苏醒；C.come out出现；D.come alive变得生动。根据上文“I guess our different childhood background is what makes my grandmother such an amazing person to talk to her stories always make my history textbooks”可推知，此处指作者祖母的经历和故事丰富了作者的人生，使历史书上的故事变得生动鲜活，跃然纸上。故选D。 考向2 利用文章发展脉络解题 例1 （2022·全国甲卷）You can tell a lot about a man by how he treats his dogs. 　　… 　　The next week we 47.walked our dogs together. It was a hot day. When we paused to catch our 48.breath， Steve got down on one knee. Was he proposing （求婚）? I liked him too， but so 49.soon? He poured water from a bottle into his hand and offered it to my dogs. 50.In that moment, I began to fall for him. 　　… 　　A year later， much to my 58.delight, this man produced a little box with a ring and proposed to me. He did not kneel (跪) down, nor did I 59.need him to. That’s only for giving 　60　 to the dogs that brought us together. 60.A.toys　　 B. awards　　　 C. food　 　　D. water 【答案】D 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：正是给爱大喝水的举动把我们带到一起。A. toys玩具；B. awards奖励；C. food食物；D. water水。根据“brought us together”和前文“He poured water from a bottle into his hand and offered it to my dogs.”可知，此处是指给爱大喝水的举动。故选D。 Passage 1 （2024·天津·高考真题）I had struggled with math since fourth grade, but worked very hard to 1 the smart students around me. In eleventh grade, much to my classmates 2 , I signed up for precalculus BC, the hardest math class. That was when I met Mr. Dena and told him I had 3 in math, yet I would try my hardest. He was convinced I could succeed 4 the doubts from my classmates. Mr. Dena kept an unforgettable 5 by Sir Isaac Newton on his chalk board: “If I have been able to see further, it is only because I stand on the shoulders of giants.” He reflected on that throughout the year and was 6 to teach us more than math. Mr. Dena occasionally gave partner tests, believing that we could solve hard problems together. He drew names out of a hat to 7 partners. Students were 8 out loud that they wouldn't be paired with me. As the “lucky” name was 9 , the class burst into laughter. My partner joked about being 10 with me. However, we worked well together and surprised everyone with our 11 on this test. I learned so much from my classmates and I realized this was really 12 we had partner tests. The final exam was Mr. Dena's final 13 to us, but I failed it. I told him I didn't understand how I could do so 14 on a test when I had studied so hard. He explained it's not about the grades; it's about true understanding. If studying didn't 15 on a test, it would someday. I knew then that 16 passing or failing tests, studying was about hard work and effort. And I 17 myself harder than I ever had. To be challenged in math really changed the way I 18 other challenges in life. I wasn't going to let a grade stop me from learning some of the best lessons of my life. Mr. Dena is one of the giants that Newton 19 . He has helped me see not only more 20 ideas than I thought possible, but who I can be. 1．A．keep up with B．give in to C．stay away from D．watch out for 2．A．sorrow B．delight C．surprise D．relief 3．A．talent B．methods C．innovation D．weaknesses 4．A．in spite of B．in case of C．in view of D．in consequence of 5．A．diary B．quote C．essay D．letter 6．A．embarrassed B．determined C．astonished D．puzzled 7．A．assign B．honor C．persuade D．monitor 8．A．reading B．singing C．praying D．applauding 9．A．registered B．changed C．abandoned D．picked 10．A．concerned B．stuck C．impressed D．content 11．A．negotiation B．mistake C．performance D．standard 12．A．when B．why C．where D．how 13．A．decision B．challenge C．instruction D．victory 14．A．accurately B．carefully C．effortlessly D．poorly 15．A．give out B．break down C．turn up D．pay off 16．A．beyond B．within C．upon D．across 17．A．praised B．defended C．pushed D．criticized 18．A．viewed B．created C．ignored D．presented 19．A．admires B．establishes C．measures D．describes 20．A．social B．mathematical C．psychological D．moral 【答案】 1．A 2．C 3．D 4．A 5．B 6．B 7．A 8．C 9．D 10．B 11．C 12．B 13．B 14．D 15．D 16．A 17．C 18．A 19．D 20．B 【导语】本文为一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者从四年级开始学数学就很吃力，同学们都不愿意和作者进行小组活动，但作者却很努力，微积分课程的老师Mr. Dena让作者理解到了学习不是关乎于考试，而是努力和付出，付出终会有回报的。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：从四年级开始，我的数学就很困难，但是我努力赶上我周围那些最聪明的学生。A. keep up with赶上；B. give in to向……屈服；C. stay away from远离；D. watch out for注意，留意。根据空前的“but worked very hard to”转折but可知，尽管我的数学学起来很费力，但我还是尽力追上、赶上周围的同学，故选A。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：令我的同学惊讶的是，我报名了微积分BC这一课程，最难的数学课。A. sorrow伤心；B. delight高兴；C. surprise惊讶；D. relief轻松。根据前文“I had struggled with math since fourth grade”可知，我本身学数学就有一定的困难，但我却报名了最难的数学课，这让我的同学很惊讶，故选C。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这就是当我遇到Mr. Dena的时候，我告诉他，我在数学上有一定的弱点，但我会尽最大的努力。A. talent天赋；B. methods方法；C. innovation创新；D. weaknesses弱点，劣势。根据前文“I had struggled with math since fourth grade”可知，我本身学数学就有一定的困难，因此我告诉Mr. Dena，我学数学有一定的劣势，故选D。 4．考查短语词义辨析。句意：他让我相信，即使同学怀疑我，但我还是能成功。A. in spite of尽管；B. in case of以防……； C. in view of鉴于；D. in consequence of因为，由于……的结果。根据空后“the doubts from my classmates.”可知，即使我学数学有困难，即使同学对我有怀疑，但他让我相信，我还是能成功，故选A。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Mr. Dena在黑板上留下了Sir Isaac Newton的一句难忘的话：“如果我能看得更远，那是因为我站在巨人肩膀上。”A. diary日记；B. quote引文，引语；C. essay论文；D. letter信。根据后文“Sir Isaac Newton on his chalk board: “If I have been able to see further, it is only because I stand on the shoulders of giants.””可知，后文提到Mr. Dena引用了的Sir Isaac Newton一句话，写在黑板上，故选B。 6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他一整年都在思考这一点，并决定要教我们除了数学以外更多的东西。A. embarrassed尴尬的；B. determined有决心的；C. astonished惊讶的；D. puzzled困惑的。根据空前“He reflected on that throughout the year”可知，他全年都在思考“如果我能看得更远，那只是因为我站在巨人肩膀上”这一点，因此下定决心要教我们除了数学以外更多的东西，故选B。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他从帽子里抽出名字来分配搭档。A. assign分配；B. honor尊敬；C. persuade说服；D. monitor监视。根据前文“Mr. Dena occasionally gave partner tests”可知，他会给我们进行小组测试，因此从帽子里抽出名字来分配搭档，故选A。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：同学都大声祈祷不要跟我分在一组。A. reading阅读；B. singing唱歌；C. praying祈祷；D. applauding鼓掌。根据前文“I had struggled with math since fourth grade”可知，我学数学有一定的困难，因此在分组的时候，同学都大声祈祷不要跟我分在一组，故选C。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当“幸运的”名字被挑选出来时，同学们都大笑起来。A. registered注册；B. changed改变；C. abandoned抛弃；D. picked挑选。根据前文“He drew names out of a hat”可知，Mr. Dena从帽子里抽出名字来分配搭档，因此当“幸运儿”的名字被选出来的时候，故选D。 10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我的搭档开玩笑说被我缠住了。A. concerned关心的；B. stuck被困的，被缠住的；C. impressed印象深刻的；D. content满意的。根据前文“Students were 　　8　　 out loud that they wouldn't be paired with me.”可知，同学们都不想和我一组，因此我的搭档开玩笑说被我缠住了，我会拖累他，故选B。 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，我们合作得很好，并用我们在这次考试的成绩震惊了每个人。A. negotiation谈判；B. mistake错误；C. performance表现，成绩；D. standard标准。根据空后“on this test”可知，我们合作得很好，用考试的成绩震惊了每个人，故选C。 12．考查连词词义辨析。句意：我从同学那里学到了很多，并且我意识到，这也就是为什么我们有小组测试。A. when当……时候；B. why为什么；C. where哪里；D. how怎样。根据空后“we had partner tests”可知，我们进行小组测试的原因是因为我们能从搭档那里学到很多东西，故选B。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：期末考试就是Mr. Dena对我们最后的考验，但我没能通过考试。A. decision决定；B. challenge挑战，考验；C. instruction指导；D. victory胜利。根据前文“The final exam”可知，期末考试是Mr. Dena对我们最后的考验，故选B。 14．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我告诉他，我学习如此努力了，怎么还能在考得这么差。A. accurately准确地；B. carefully小心地；C. effortlessly不费力地；D. poorly差地。根据空后“when I had studied so hard”可知，我感到很疑惑，为什么我这么努力，考试成绩却这么差，故选D。 15．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：如果学习没有在考试上得到回报，那终有一天会有回报的。A. give out泄露，分发；B. break down垮掉；C. turn up出现；D. pay off取得回报。根据后文“He explained it's not about the grades; it's about true understanding.”可知，Mr. Dena解释道，学习是理解，而不是分数，因此如果努力没有在测试上取得回报，那终有一天会有回报的，故选D。 16．考查介词词义辨析。句意：就在那时，我知道了，学习是超出通过或者没通过考试的范围，是关乎于努力和汗水的。A. beyond超出……范围；B. within在……范围以内；C. upon在……上；D. across跨越。根据后文“studying was about hard work and effort.”可知，学习是关乎于努力和付出的，超出了通过考试或者没通过考试的范围，故选A。 17．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我督促自己比之前更加努力了。A. praised表扬；B. defended辩护；C. pushed督促，催促；D. criticized批评。根据前文“I knew then that 　　16　　 passing or failing tests, studying was about hard work and effort.”可知，我理解到学习不是关于考试是否通过，而且关乎于努力和付出的，因此我督促自己比之前更加努力了，故选C。 18．考查动词词义辨析。句意：挑战数学真的改变了我看到生活中的挑战的方式。A. viewed看待；B. created创造；C. ignored忽视；D. presented呈现。根据空前“To be challenged in math really changed the way”可知，挑战数学改变了我看到生活中的挑战的方式，故选A。 19．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Mr. Dena就是Newton描述的巨人之一。A. admires钦佩；B. establishes建立；C. measures测量；D. describes描述。根据前文“Sir Isaac Newton on his chalk board: “If I have been able to see further, it is only because I stand on the shoulders of giants.””可知，Newton说过，“如果我能看得更远，那只是因为我站在巨人肩膀上”，而作者就将Mr. Dena视为Newton描述的巨人之一，让作者看得更远，故选D。 20．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他不仅让我看到了比我想象的更多的数学改变，还让我看到了我能成为什么。A. social社会的；B. mathematical有关数学的；C. psychological心理的；D. moral道德上的。根据前文“I signed up for precalculus BC, the hardest math class. That was when I met Mr. Dena”可知，Mr. Dena是我的数学老师，因此让我看到了比我想象的更多的数学概念，故选B。 Passage 2 （2024·天津·高考真题）At 23, I applied for my first job and it was not successful. When I received the 1 email, I felt disappointed and angry. I had spent days 2 the interview and in the end, I didn’t even know what went wrong. Months later, after a job interview at another company, I got a call From the manager. “ 3 , we decided to offer the job to someone else,” he said. “Would you like to hear the feedback (反馈)?” The manager went on to tell me I hadn’t expressed my 4 for applying for the position. The feedback was 5 to hear, but he was right. As I just wanted a job in my home city, I didn’t 6 much whether it fit my interests. The job at the company was something I was capable of doing, but I didn’t feel 7 about it — and that showed in the interview. From then on, I decided to carefully evaluate each job opening and only 8 at I was interested in. In my applications, I also began 9 clearly why I wanted that particular job. Soon my effort 10 , as I got an offer I was truly excited about. Years later, I found myself on the other side of the table, interviewing 11 for a position in my lab. One of them got my attention. On paper, his application looked 12 , but the interview went badly. He didn’t seem to have done any reading 13 about my research, which made me wonder 14 he was truly interested in working with me. When I called to tell him, I couldn’t offer him the 15 , he was disappointed. I then told him where he could 16 in future interviews. As the 17 went on, I got the sense that he was grateful for what I said. Nowadays, when my own trainees apply for positions else where, I encourage them to 18 feedback. It’s never pleasant to 19 constructive criticism, but if we are told where we are lagging (落后), we are more likely to avoid making the same 20 in the future. 1．A．congratulation B．invitation C．rejection D．complaint 2．A．taking up B．preparing for C．calling off D．passing down 3．A．Consequently B．Hopefully C．Surprisingly D．Unfortunately 4．A．requirement B．motivation C．imagination D．suggestion 5．A．tough B．pleasant C．frightening D．reasonable 6．A．care B．regret C．doubt D．know 7．A．nervous B．enthusiastic C．relaxed D．embarrassed 8．A．introduce B．abandon C．pursue D．display 9．A．examining B．stating C．judging D．instructing 10．A．came about B．faded away C．settled down D．paid off 11．A．officials B．candidates C．visitors D．employers 12．A．great B．easy C．confusing D．complicated 13．A．in advance B．on average C．by contrast D．for free 14．A．that B．when C．where D．whether 15．A．salary B．degree C．award D．position 16．A．continue B．serve C．improve D．participate 17．A．conversation B．adventure C．negotiation D．journey 18．A．set aside B．ask for C．put off D．contribute to 19．A．give away B．insist on C．listen to D．fight for 20．A．proposals B．decisions C．comments D．mistakes 【答案】 1．C 2．B 3．D 4．B 5．A 6．A 7．B 8．C 9．B 10．D 11．B 12．A 13．A 14．D 15．D 16．C 17．A 18．B 19．C 20．D 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者两次面试失败后，通过获得反馈并调整求职策略，最终成功找到工作的经历。第一次失败后，他因缺乏反馈而感到失望和愤怒；第二次失败时，他得到了关于表达动机不清晰的反馈，这促使他开始仔细选择职位。最终，他只申请感兴趣的工作，并成功找到工作。后来作为面试官，作者会为求职者提供反馈，帮助他们改进。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我收到拒绝邮件时，我感到失望和愤怒。A. congratulation祝贺；B. invitation邀请；C. rejection拒绝；D. complaint投诉。根据后文“I felt disappointed and angry.”可知，作者会感到失望和愤怒说明被拒绝了。故选C。 2．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我花了好几天准备面试，到最后，我甚至不知道哪里出了问题。A. taking up从事；B. preparing for准备；C. calling off取消；D. passing down传递。根据上文“I had spent days”以及宾语“the interview”指花时间准备面试。故选B。 3．考查副词词义辨析。句意：“不幸的是，我们决定把这份工作给别人，”他说。A. Consequently结果；B. Hopefully有希望地；C. Surprisingly惊人地；D. Unfortunately不幸地。根据后文“we decided to offer the job to someone else”可知，工作给了别人，对作者来说是不幸地。故选D。 4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：经理接着告诉我，我没有表达我申请这个职位的动机。A. requirement要求；B. motivation动机；C. imagination想象；D. suggestion建议。根据后文“I just wanted a job in my home city”可知，作者的动机只是想要一份工作，这是经理没有听到作者申请时所表达出的。故选B。 5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些反馈让人难以接受，但他是对的。A. tough艰难的；B. pleasant令人愉快的；C. frightening可怕的；D. reasonable合理的。根据后文“to hear, but he was right”中but表示转折，说明经理的话让作者难受，但却是事实。故选A。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：因为我只想在家乡找一份工作，所以我并不太在意这份工作是否符合我的兴趣。A. care关心，在意；B. regret后悔；C. doubt怀疑；D. know知道。根据上文“As I just wanted a job in my home city”以及后文“much whether it fit my interests”可知，作者只是想要一份工作，并不太在意这份工作是否符合自己的兴趣。故选A。 7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这家公司的工作是我有能力做的，但我对它没有热情——这在面试中表现出来了。A. nervous紧张的；B. enthusiastic热情的；C. relaxed放松的；D. embarrassed尴尬的。根据上文作者面试被拒，说明作者对这份工作并没有热情，因此被经理拒绝了。故选B。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：从一开始，我就决定仔细评估每一个工作机会，只追求我感兴趣的。A. introduce介绍；B. abandon抛弃；C. pursue追求；D. display展示。根据上文“I decided to carefully evaluate each job opening and only”可知，作者评估工作机会，是为了追求自己感兴趣的工作。故选C。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我的申请中，我也开始清楚地说明我为什么想要这份工作。A. examining检查；B. stating陈述；C. judging判断；D. instructing指导。根据后文“clearly why I wanted that particular job”指作者在申请中陈述自己申请的理由。故选B。 10．考查动词短语辨析。句意：很快，我的努力得到了回报，我得到了一份令我真正兴奋的工作。A. came about发生；B. faded away消失；C. settled down定居；D. paid off取得回报。根据后文“as I got an offer I was truly excited about”可知，作者得到了想要的工作，努力得到了回报。故选D。 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：多年以后，我发现自己站在桌子的另一边，为我实验室的一个职位面试候选人。A. officials官员；B. candidates候选人；C. visitors游客；D. employers雇主。根据上文“I found myself on the other side of the table”可知，作者站在了桌子的另一边，即成为了面试候选人的面试官。故选B。 12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在纸上，他的申请书看起来不错，但面试进行得很糟糕。A. great不错的；B. easy容易的；C. confusing令人困惑的；D. complicated复杂的。根据后文“but the interview went badly”可知，but表示转折，申请书看起来不错，但面试进行得很糟糕。故选A。 13．考查介词短语辨析。句意：他似乎没有提前阅读我的研究，这让我怀疑他是否真的有兴趣和我一起工作。A. in advance提前；B. on average平均的；C. by contrast相比之下；D. for free免费地。根据后文“about my research, which made me wonder whether he was truly interested in working with me.”可知，作者怀疑他是否有兴趣和自己一起工作，所以推测他没有提前阅读作者的研究。故选A。 14．考查连词词义辨析。句意：他似乎没有提前阅读我的研究，这让我怀疑他是否真的有兴趣和我一起工作。A. that那；B. when当……时候；C. where在哪里；D. whether是否。此处引导宾语从句，表示“是否”应用whether。故选D。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我打电话告诉他我不能给他这个职位时，他很失望。A. salary薪水；B. degree度数；C. award奖品；D. position职位，位置。根据上文“for a position in my lab”可知，此处指给对方这个职位。故选D。 16．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后我告诉他在以后的面试中他可以改进的地方。A. continue继续；B. serve服务；C. improve改善；D. participate参加。根据后文“constructive criticism”可推测得知，作者告诉了对方面试中可以改进的地方。故选C。 17．考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着谈话的进行，我感觉到他对我所说的话很感激。A. conversation谈话；B. adventure冒险；C. negotiation谈判；D. journey旅程。根据上文“I then told him”指作者和对方进行了谈话。故选A。 18．考查动词短语辨析。句意：如今，当我自己的学员申请其他公司的职位时，我鼓励他们寻求反馈。A. set aside留出；B. ask for寻求；C. put off推迟；D. contribute to有助于。根据后文“feedback”可知，指面试者向面试官寻求反馈。故选B。 19．考查动词短语辨析。句意：听建设性的批评从来都不是一件愉快的事，但如果我们被告知我们落后的地方，我们更有可能避免在未来犯同样的错误。A. give away赠送；B. insist on坚持；C. listen to听；D. fight for为……而战。根据后文“constructive criticism”以及后文“we are told where we are lagging”指听建设性的批评，故选C。 20．考查名词词义辨析。句意：听建设性的批评从来都不是一件愉快的事，但如果我们被告知我们落后的地方，我们更有可能避免在未来犯同样的错误。A. proposals提议；B. decisions决定；C. comments评论；D. mistakes错误。根据上文“we are more likely to avoid making the same”可知，听从建议是为了避免犯同样的错误。故选D。 Passage 3 （2023·天津·高考真题）There are moments when strangers’ lives collide(碰撞)by accident, and even though they may never see each other again, they’ re changed forever. These can be moments when true character is 1 , often through acts of kindness and generosity of unlikely heroes.   Not long ago, I was a(n) 2 to that kind of moment. On a summer midnight, my parents and I had just 3 a long flight and started to walk through the empty airport when I saw a passenger suddenly fall to the ground. We 4 ran toward him. My parents, who are doctors, dropped everything and began trying to 5 what had happened. As they asked him questions and searched for a(n) 6 information card, other passengers from the flight joined us. My parents 7 that the man was hypoglycaemic(低血糖的) and in major need of sugar. 8 , the only thing we could find was a protein bar. We were 9 it would not be enough to save him. Just then, a young boy, Mecca, arrived at the 10 with the flight attendants(空乘人员). He quietly announced, “I have a Snickers(士力架巧克力)!” Nobody responded to him as they were in the 11 of trying to save a stranger's life. Mecca dug deep into his backpack, and 12 a Snickers. He then handed it to my father, who was trying to manage with the protein bar. Within seconds of the Snickers replacing the protein bar, the man regained 13 . Mecca, a fourth grader,   14 this stranger's life! No one could have guessed that earlier that night, Mecca had just been through a 15 time. His father's flight was unexpectedly canceled, 16 him to fly alone. He had never flown by himself before and was very nervous. His grandmother filled his backpack with candy to make him a little less 17 . When we told Mecca's parents of his 18 actions, they smiled from ear to ear. They were surprised that he had saved some candy and was able to think about the candy during the 19 . As time goes on, I remain 20 by the experience of witnessing a nine-year-old save a stranger's life. Even today Mecca's kindness continues to make me smile. 1．A．created B．revealed C．introduced D．preserved 2．A．witness B．visitor C．match D．exception 3．A．caught B．confirmed C．gotten off D．put off 4．A．safely B．accidentally C．casually D．immediately 5．A．get across B．figure out C．take down D．bring up 6．A．medical B．financial C．educational D．military 7．A．recalled B．determined C．admitted D．guaranteed 8．A．Instead B．Therefore C．Otherwise D．However 9．A．worried B．confused C．embarrassed D．annoyed 10．A．station B．destination C．scene D．department 11．A．chaos B．possession C．habit D．direction 12．A．gave away B．set aside C．pulled out D．kept off 13．A．memory B．appetite C．independence D．consciousness 14．A．risked B．saved C．sacrificed D．respected 15．A．proper B．tough C．enjoyable D．mysterious 16．A．forcing B．urging C．reminding D．permitting 17．A．guilty B．anxious C．sensitive D．doubtful 18．A．modest B．ambitious C．heroic D．confident 19．A．flight B．operation C．performance D．emergency 20．A．relieved B．puzzled C．frustrated D．inspired 【答案】 1．B 2．A 3．C 4．D 5．B 6．A 7．B 8．D 9．A 10．C 11．A 12．C 13．D 14．B 15．B 16．A 17．B 18．C 19．D 20．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一个乘客在机场低血糖突然倒地，陌生人们一起帮忙，其中一个年仅九岁的男孩麦加用自己的巧克力救了这个人的命。这种不期而遇的碰撞可以改变人们的生命，也可以展现出人性中最善良的一面。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些时刻可能揭示了真正的品格，通常是通过非凡英雄的善良和慷慨的行为展现出来的。A. created创造；B. revealed揭示；C. introduced引入；D. preserved保护。根据前文“There are moments when strangers’ lives collide(碰撞)by accident, and even though they may never see each other again, they’ re changed forever.”以及后文“often through acts of kindness and generosity of unlikely heroes.”可知，有时候，陌生人的生活会因为偶然的碰撞而交错在一起，即使他们可能永远不会再见面，他们也会永远改变。这些时刻通常是通过非凡英雄的善良和慷慨的行为展现出来的，可能揭示了真正的品格。故选B。 2．考查名次词义辨析。句意：不久以前，我也曾目睹过这样的时刻。A. witness目击者，亲历者；B. visitor访问者；C. match比赛；D. exception例外。根据后文“that kind of moment.”以及后文的内容，可知此处表示作者也是这个时刻的亲历者。故选A。 3．考查动词和动词短语辨析。句意：一个夏天的午夜，我和父母刚下了长途飞机，正要穿过空荡荡的机场，突然看到一位乘客摔倒在地。A. caught抓住；B. confirmed确认；C. gotten off下车；D. put off推迟。根据后文“started to walk through the empty airport”可知，作者和父母刚下飞机，走出空荡荡的机场。故选C。 4．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我们立即向他跑去。A. safely安全地；B. accidentally意外地；C. casually随意地；D. immediately立即地。根据“I saw a passenger suddenly fall to the ground.”可知，突然看到有人倒下，故作者和家人立刻跑过去。故选D。 5．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我的父母都是医生，他们放下了手上的东西，开始试图弄清楚到底发生了什么。A. get across理解；B. figure out弄清楚；C. take down拆除；D. bring up提出。根据前文“dropped everything and began trying to”可知，因为作者的父母放下手里的东西去弄清楚到底发生了什么。故选B。 6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当他们问他问题并寻找医疗信息卡时，航班上的其他乘客也加入了我们。A. medical医疗的；B. financial金融的；C. educational教育的；D. military军事的。根据“information card”以及后文的“the man was hypoglycaemic”可知，在男人倒下后，作者的父母询问相关的医疗信息卡，原来男人是低血糖而倒下。故选A。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的父母认为这个人患有低血糖症，非常需要糖。A. recalled回忆起；B. determined决定，确定；C. admitted承认；D. guaranteed保证。根据“that the man was hypoglycaemic(低血糖的)”可知，父母确定因为低血糖男人才倒下。故选B。 8．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，我们唯一能找到的是一个蛋白质棒。A. Instead相反；B. Therefore因此；C. Otherwise否则；D. However然而。根据“the only thing we could find was a protein bar.”可知，男人倒下是因为低血糖，需要糖回升血糖，而当前只能找到一个蛋白质棒，前后构成转折关系。故选D。 9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们担心这不足以救他。A. worried担心的；B. confused困惑的；C. embarrassed尴尬的；D. annoyed恼怒的。根据“it would not be enough to save him”可知，因为当前只能找到一个蛋白质棒，因此作者和家人担心这不足以救助倒下的男人。故选A。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：就在这时，一个名叫麦加的小男孩和空乘人员来到了现场。A. station站；B. destination目的地；C. scene场景；D. department部门。根据“Mecca, arrived at the”可知，一个名叫麦加的小男孩和空乘人员来到了现场。故选C。 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：没有人回应他，因为他们正处于混乱之中拯救一个陌生人的生命。A. chaos混乱；B. possession拥有；C. habit习惯；D. direction方向。根据“trying to save a stranger's life”可知，因为在场的人都处于混乱之中拯救陌生人的生命，因此没人回复他。故选A。 12．考查动词短语辨析。句意：麦加从背包里掏出一块士力架。A. gave away赠送；B. set aside搁置；C. pulled out拉出；D. kept off避开。根据“Mecca dug deep into his backpack,”可知，麦加在背包里翻了半天，掏出一块士力架。故选C。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：士力架代替了蛋白质棒，几秒钟后，这名男子就恢复了意识。A. memory记忆力；B. appetite食欲；C. independence独立；D. consciousness意识。根据“Within seconds of the Snickers replacing the protein bar,”可知，当士力架代替了蛋白质棒，男子血糖恢复，几秒钟后，这名男子就恢复了意识。故选D。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：四年级学生麦加救了这个陌生人的命！A. risked冒险；B. saved拯救；C. sacrificed牺牲；D. respected尊敬。根据“this stranger's life”可知，四年级学生麦加救了这个陌生人的命。故选B。 15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：没有人能想到，那天晚上早些时候，麦加刚刚经历了一段艰难的时期。A. proper适当的；B. tough艰难的；C. enjoyable令人愉快的；D. mysterious神秘的。根据后文“His father's flight was unexpectedly canceled,  ___16___ him to fly alone.”可知，他父亲的航班意外取消，迫使他独自飞行，由此可知麦加刚刚经历了一段艰难的时期。故选B。 16．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他父亲的航班意外取消，迫使他独自飞行。A. forcing强迫，迫使；B. urging催促；C. reminding提醒；D. permitting允许。根据“His father's flight was unexpectedly canceled,”可知，由于麦加父亲的航班意外取消，由此迫使麦加独自乘坐航班。故选A。 17．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他的祖母在他的背包里装满了糖果，让他不那么焦虑。A. guilty愧疚的；B. anxious焦虑的；C. sensitive敏感的；D. doubtful怀疑的。根据“He had never flown by himself before and was very nervous.”可知，麦加从未独自做过航班，因此祖母在其包中装满糖果不让他焦虑。故选B。 18．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我们把麦加的英勇事迹告诉他的父母时，他们笑得合不拢嘴。A. modest谦虚的；B. ambitious有抱负的；C. heroic英勇的；D. confident自信的。根据前文“Mecca dug deep into his backpack, and ___12___ a Snickers. He then handed it to my father, who was trying to manage with the protein bar.”可知，作者将麦加救助低血糖男人的英雄过程告诉了麦加的父母。故选C。 19．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们都很惊讶，麦加还存了一些糖果，在紧急情况下还能想到糖果。A. flight航班；B. operation手术；C. performance表演；D. emergency紧急情况。根据前文麦加递送士力架给作者的父亲以及“was able to think about the candy”可知，麦加的父母很惊讶，在低血糖男子倒下的紧急情况下麦加还能想到糖果。故选D。 20．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：随着时间的流逝，目睹一个九岁的孩子救了一个陌生人的生命的经历仍然激励着我。A. relieved放心的；B. puzzled困惑的；C. frustrated沮丧的；D. inspired激励的。根据“Even today Mecca's kindness continues to make me smile.”可知，在经历此事后，直到今天，麦加的善良仍然让作者微笑，由此一个九岁的孩子麦加拯救陌生人的经历激励着作者。故选D。 Passage 4 （2023·天津·高考真题）In my early thirties, I decided to climb Mount Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa at 5, 895 meters above sea level. After months of preparation, I started my great 1 .At the base of the mountain, I met Mik, a local porter, who warmly 2 me. Mik’s job was to carry my equipment up the mountain, set up the tent (帐篷), and carry everything back down after reaching the 3 . Mik stood about 1.6 meters tall. I was 4 with a pack nearly as tall as his whole body. Just imagine this little man with the huge equipment 5 on his head. The first day of the climb was 6 the rain forest, across a slippery (滑的), muddy ground covered with tree roots and vines (藤蔓). Mik was carrying 30 kilos on his head! By that evening, we made it to 3, 000 meters. The air was 7 and it was colder. When I arrived at the campsite for the night, my tent was already set up and 8 me. Day two was much steeper (陡峭的) and rockier. I really had to 9 what I was doing. And I felt guilty for the tough.   10 Mik had to work in Yet when I turned to Mik, he said with the biggest smile, “Polle, polle, ”which means“ 11 , take it easy” in his native language. I 12 back, my burden lighter somehow. Over the next five days, the climb got 13 difficult. The temperatures could 14 from 21°C to below freezing in a few hours. At 5, 700 meters, there’s only half the oxygen 15 in each breath compared to at sea level. That leaves many people with severe headache. Yet Mik remained 16 . He always had a smile and a positive 17 .It had an enormous impact on me, giving me the 18 to keep going. Even today, when I find myself 19 with anything in life, I just think back to Mik and his smile. A great attitude can bring joy to those around you, or even 20 stranger to the top of a mountain. 1．A．performance B．business C．presentation D．adventure 2．A．questioned B．congratulated C．greeted D．invited 3．A．base B．peak C．forest D．border 4．A．covered B．equipped C．occupied D．treated 5．A．balanced B．exposed C．displayed D．folded 6．A．outside B．beside C．through D．over 7．A．thinner B．softer C．drier D．sweeter 8．A．looking after B．pointing to C．resting on D．waiting for 9．A．focus on B．comment on C．inquire into D．break into 10．A．locations B．conditions C．atmosphere D．competition 11．A．stop B．hurry C．relax D．move 12．A．ran B．talked C．smiled D．rode 13．A．slightly B．increasingly C．automatically D．equally 14．A．swing B．circle C．climb D．last 15．A．predictable B．available C．noticeable D．affordable 16．A．ambitious B．modest C．thankful D．cheerful 17．A．direction B．advantage C．attitude D．relationship 18．A．impression B．platform C．opportunity D．strength 19．A．cooperating B．struggling C．associating D．communicating 20．A．persuade B．introduce C．motivate D．recommend 【答案】 1．D 2．C 3．B 4．B 5．A 6．C 7．A 8．D 9．A 10．B 11．C 12．C 13．B 14．A 15．B 16．D 17．C 18．D 19．B 20．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者攀登非洲最高峰乞力马扎罗山的经历，并强调了保持积极态度的重要性。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：经过几个月的准备，我开始了我伟大的冒险。A. performance表现、表演；B. business生意；C. presentation介绍；D. adventure冒险。根据上文“In my early thirties, I decided to climb Mount Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa at 5, 895 meters above sea level.”可知，作者决定攀登非洲最高峰，这自然是冒险。故选D。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在山脚下，我遇到了当地的搬运工Mik，他热情地和我打招呼。A. questioned质疑；B. congratulated祝贺；C. greeted欢迎；D. invited邀请。根据“a local porter”可知，Mik是搬运工，那么自然在山脚迎接作者。故选C。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Mik的工作是把我的设备搬上山，支好帐篷，到达山顶后再把所有东西搬下来。A. base底部、基地；B. peak顶峰；C. forest森林；D. border边界。根据上文“Mik’s job was to carry my equipment up the mountain, set up the tent (帐篷), and carry everything back down”可知，Mik需要帮助作者把东西搬上去，然后到达山顶再卸下来。故选B。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我佩带的背包几乎和他的整个身体一样高。A. covered覆盖；B. equipped配备；C. occupied占据；D. treated对待。根据“with a pack nearly as tall as his whole body”可知，作者登山所装备的物品。短语：be equipped with，意为“装备有……”，符合句意。故选B。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：你可以想象这个小个子男人头顶着巨大的装备，却依然保持着平衡的样子。A. balanced平衡；B. exposed暴露；C. displayed展示；D. folded折叠。根据前文“Just imagine this little man with the huge equipment”和句意可知，Mik是个搬运工，所以他不仅要头顶着装备，还得保持平衡。故选A。 6．考查介词词义辨析。句意：攀爬的第一天要穿过热带雨林，穿过一片长满树根和藤蔓的湿滑泥泞的地面。A. outside在……外；B. beside在……旁；C. through通过；D. over超越。根据空后的“the rain forest, across a slippery (滑的), muddy ground covered with tree roots and vines (藤蔓).”可知，空处指的是“穿过”热带雨林，从内部穿过，用介词through。故选C。 7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：空气更稀薄，也更冷。A. thinner更稀薄；B. softer更软；C. drier更干燥；D. sweeter更甜蜜。根据前文“ Mik was carrying 30 kilos on his head! By that evening, we made it to 3, 000 meters.”和常理可知，越往山上走，空气越稀薄。故选A。 8．考查动词短语辨析。句意：当我到达露营地过夜时，我的帐篷已经搭好了，正等着我。A. looking after照顾；B. pointing to指向；C. resting on依靠；D. waiting for等待。根据上文的“my tent was already set up”可知，作者的帐篷已经搭好了，所以应该是在等着作者。故选D。 9．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我必须专注于我正在做的事情。A. focus on专注于；B. comment on评论；C. inquire into调查；D. break into闯入、突然发出。根据空前的“Day two was much steeper (陡峭的) and rockier.”可知，路很难走，所以作者得专注。故选A。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我对Mik不得不在这样艰苦的条件下工作感到内疚。A. locations方位；B. conditions条件；C. atmosphere氛围；D. competition竞赛。根据上文“Day two was much steeper(陡峭的)and rockier”可知，作者是对于Mik不得不在这样艰苦的条件下工作而感到内疚。故选B。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，当我转向Mik时，他面带笑容地说：“Polle，Polle”，在他的母语中，意思是“放松，放轻松”。A. stop停下；B. hurry急忙；C. relax放松；D. move移动。根据空后的“take it easy”可推测，空处指的是放松。故选C。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我也报以微笑，我的负担不知怎么减轻了。A. ran跑；B. talked谈论；C. smiled笑；D. rode骑行。根据上文“Yet when I turned to Mik, he said with the biggest smile,”可知，Mik是在对着作者笑，因此空处指的是作者也对着Mik笑。故选C。 13．考查副词词义辨析。句意：在接下来的五天里，攀登变得越来越困难。A. slightly稍微；B. increasingly逐渐地、越来越……；C. automatically自动地；D. equally同样地。根据“The temperatures could ___14___from 21°C to below freezing in a few hours. ”和常识可知，越往上攀爬越困难。故选B。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：几小时内，气温就会从21摄氏度降到冰点以下。A. swing摇摆；B. circle转圈；C. climb爬；D. last持续。根据空后的“from 21°C to below freezing in a few hours.”可知，空处指的是气温的变化。故选A。 15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在海拔5700米的地方，每次呼吸所含的氧气只有海平面的一半。A. predictable可预测的；B. available可利用的、可得到的；C. noticeable显而易见的；D. affordable承担得起的。根据空前“At 5, 700 meters, there’s only half the oxygen”可知，空处指的是在海拔5700米的地方的氧气含量只有海平面的一半。故选B。 16．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，Mik仍然很高兴。A. ambitious有雄心的；B. modest谦虚的；C. thankful感激的；D. cheerful高兴的。根据下文“He always had a smile and a positive  ___17___  .”可知，Mik一直都表现得很高兴。故选D。 17．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他总是面带微笑，态度积极。A. direction方向；B. advantage优点；C. attitude态度；D. relationship关系。根据空前“He always had a smile”以及下文“A great attitude can bring joy to those around you, or even___20___stranger to the top of a mountain.”可知，Mik拥有积极的生活态度。故选C。 18．考查名词词义辨析。句意：它对我产生了巨大的影响，给了我继续前进的力量。A. impression印象；B. platform月台、平台；C. opportunity机会；D. strength力气。根据下文“A great attitude can bring joy to those around you, or even ___20___ stranger to the top of a mountain.”可知，Mik积极的态度对作者有很大的影响，激励作者前行，也就是给了作者前行的力量。故选D。 19．考查动词词义辨析。句意：即使在今天，当我发现自己在生活中挣扎时，我也会想起Mik和他的微笑。A. cooperating合作；B. struggling挣扎；C. associating联系；D. communicating交流。根据下文“with anything in life, I just think back to Mik and his smile”和上文内容可知，作者爬山是冒险，也就是在挣扎；由此可知，作者指的是即便在现在，只要作者很辛苦地挣扎时，作者都会想到Mik。故选B。 20．考查动词词义辨析。句意：良好的态度可以给你周围的人带来快乐，甚至可以激励陌生人登上山顶。A. persuade劝服；B. introduce介绍；C. motivate激励；D. recommend推荐。根据上文“It had an enormous impact on me, giving me the ___18___ to keep going.”可知，Mik的态度一直激励着作者继续前行。故选C。 Passage 5 （2022·天津·高考真题）When I was in sixth grade, I joined the band program to learn to play the clarinet (单簧管). The beginning of the year had gone 1 . But as most students progressed, I seemed to fall behind. One day, when my teacher told us to play in front of the other students, I was filled with fear. I knew I would 2 . When I began to play, my rhythms (节奏) were good, but my tone was another 3 . “Did you practice your lesson?” the teacher barked at me. I felt so 4 and my world came 5 down in an instant. From then on, I hated playing the clarinet and I kept getting 6 . With the day of the new performance approaching, I grew increasingly upset. In a moment of 7 , I asked for sick leave. It was so relieving and such a(n) 8 way out. The avoidance of my lessons continued until my mum asked me about it. “I want to quit.” My tears started 9 . “If you really want to quit, why are you crying?” asked mum. She 10 and I realized I wanted to stay in band and, by not facing my fears, I had created a black hole that would be difficult to 11 out of. I made a 12 not to hide from my fears and to stand up to even the worst of them, so a 13 could be achieved. The next day I met with my band teacher and told her I was having a problem and couldn’t 14 why. She asked me gently to play for her. I tried, but only an unpleasant sound came out. She didn’t 15 at me and handed me a new reed (簧片). I put it in place and tried again. To my great 16 I could play well. My problem was solved and my fear was 17 a lot that year. 18 I’m glad that I overcame my fear. Fear can 19 everything in a person’s life. Hiding from those very fears only creates a hole, which makes a person stay 20 inside. After facing up to a fear, one may find life easier and much more enjoyable. 1．A．badly B．endlessly C．randomly D．smoothly 2．A．mess up B．move on C．set out D．take off 3．A．impression B．essay C．story D．factor 4．A．ashamed B．starved C．excited D．relaxed 5．A．crashing B．moving C．selling D．bending 6．A．stricter B．worse C．happier D．smarter 7．A．joy B．panic C．doubt D．sympathy 8．A．funny B．important C．easy D．traditional 9．A．drying B．disappearing C．flowing D．separating 10．A．had a point B．made a change C．reached a level D．took a break 11．A．send B．bring C．pick D．climb 12．A．request B．resolution C．presentation D．proposal 13．A．balance B．degree C．position D．solution 14．A．figure out B．give away C．think over D．make up 15．A．aim B．smile C．wave D．shout 16．A．anger B．sorrow C．disappointment D．surprise 17．A．felt B．shown C．removed D．voiced 18．A．Carrying on B．Looking back C．Stepping aside D．Turning around 19．A．consume B．examine C．reflect D．rescue 20．A．unknown B．unpunished C．interested D．trapped 【答案】 1．D 2．A 3．C 4．A 5．A 6．B 7．B 8．C 9．C 10．A 11．D 12．B 13．D 14．A 15．D 16．D 17．C 18．B 19．A 20．D 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者因为自己单簧管演奏得不好，感到很沮丧，决定逃避，在妈妈的启发下，作者决定面对恐惧，找到老师寻求帮助，最终解决了问题，也战胜了自己的恐惧。 1．考查副词词义辨析。句意：年初进展顺利。A. badly严重地；B. endlessly无穷地；C. randomly随机地；D. smoothly顺利地。根据下文“But as most students progressed, I seemed to fall behind.”可知，上下文为转折关系，年初进展顺利，但随着大多数学生的进步，我似乎落后了。故选D项。 2．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我知道我会搞砸的。A. mess up搞砸；B. move on继续前进；C. set out动身，出发；D. take off起飞。根据上文“I seemed to fall behind”可知，我似乎落后于其他同学，由此可知，我认为自己演奏的不好，会搞砸的。故选A项。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我开始演奏时，我的节奏很好，但我的音调是另一回事。A. impression印象；B. essay散文；C. story故事，情节；D. factor因素。根据上文“I seemed to fall behind”可知，我演奏的不好，虽然节奏很好，但演奏不在调上，音调是另一回事，“my tone was another story”用来描述演奏不在调上。故选C项。 4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我感到很羞愧，我的世界瞬间崩溃了。A. ashamed羞愧的；B. starved饥饿的；C. excited兴奋的；D. relaxed放松的。根据上文“Did you practice your lesson?”可知，老师质疑我的演奏，怀疑我没有练习，由此可知，我为此感到羞愧。故选A项。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我感到很羞愧，我的世界瞬间崩溃了。A. crashing崩溃；B. moving移动；C. selling出售；D. bending弯曲。根据上文“Did you practice your lesson?”可知，老师质疑我的演奏，怀疑我没有练习，由此可知，我感到很羞愧，感觉世界瞬间崩溃了。故选A项。 6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：从那时起，我讨厌吹单簧管，而且越来越糟糕。A. stricter更严格的；B. worse更糟的；C. happier更快乐的；D. smarter更聪明的。根据下文“I grew increasingly upset”可知，我感到越来越沮丧，由此可知，我的状态越来越糟糕。故选B项。 7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在一阵恐慌中，我请了病假。A. joy喜悦；B. panic恐慌；C. doubt疑惑；D. sympathy同情。根据上文“I hated playing the clarinet”和“With the day of the new performance approaching, I grew increasingly upset.”可知，我讨厌吹单簧管，我感到越来越沮丧，由此可知，因为对即将到来的表演感到恐慌，所以我请了病假。故选B项。 8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这是一种解脱和容易的方式。A. funny有趣的；B. important重要的；C. easy容易的；D. traditional传统的。根据上文“I hated playing the clarinet”可知，我讨厌吹单簧管，由此可知，我请了病假，这是一种让我解脱的容易的方式，我可以不再面对单簧管表演。故选C项。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我想退出。”我的眼泪开始流下来。A. drying使变干；B. disappearing消失；C. flowing流动；D. separating使分开。根据下文“why are you crying”可知，我哭了，由此可知，我的眼泪流了下来。故选C项。 10．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：她说得很有道理，我意识到我想留在乐队里，因为没有面对我的恐惧，我创造了一个很难爬出来的黑洞。A. had a point有道理；B. made a change做出改变；C. reached a level达到一定水平；D. took a break休息一下。根据句中“I realized I wanted to stay in band and”可知，我意识到我想留在乐队里，由此可知，我认为妈妈的话“If you really want to quit, why are you crying?(如果你真的想退出，为什么要哭？)”说得很有道理，如果我真想退出，就不会哭。故选A项。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她说得很有道理，我意识到我想留在乐队里，因为没有面对我的恐惧，我创造了一个很难爬出来的黑洞。A. send发送；B. bring带来；C. pick挑选；D. climb爬。根据句中“created a black hole”可知，我无法面对我的恐惧，就像给自己创造了一个黑洞，很难爬出来。故选D项。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我下定决心，不躲避自己的恐惧，即使是最糟糕的恐惧，我也要与之对抗，这样才能找到解决办法。A. request请求；B. resolution正式决定，决心；C. presentation演示；D. proposal提议。根据句中“stand up to even the worst of them”可知，我决定与恐惧对抗，由此可知，我下定决心，不躲避自己的恐惧。故选B项。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我下定决心，不躲避自己的恐惧，即使是最糟糕的恐惧，我也要与之对抗，这样才能找到解决办法。A. balance平衡；B. degree程度，度数；C. position位置；D. solution解决办法。根据句中“stand up to even the worst of them”可知，我决定与恐惧对抗，是为了找到解决问题的办法。故选D项。 14．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：第二天，我见到了我的乐队老师，告诉她我有一个问题，不理解为什么会这样。A. figure out理解，想出；B. give away赠送；C. think over仔细考虑；D. make up编造。根据句中“The next day I met with my band teacher and told her I was having a problem”可知，我把问题告诉老师，由此可知，我不理解为什么会这样，所以才请教老师。故选A项。 15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她没有冲我大喊大叫，递给我一个新簧片。A. aim目的是；B. smile微笑；C. wave挥手；D. shout喊叫。根据句中“She asked me gently to play for her.”可知，老师温柔地让我为她演奏，由此可知，她愿意帮助我解决问题，得知我的问题后，没有冲我大喊大叫。故选D项。 16．考查名词词义辨析。句意：令我非常惊讶的是，我能演奏得很好。A. anger愤怒；B. sorrow悲伤；C. disappointment失望；D. surprise惊讶。根据句中“I could play well”可知，我之前一直演奏不好，突然能演奏得很好，这令我感到惊讶。故选D项。 17．考查动词词义辨析。句意：那一年，我的问题解决了，我的恐惧消除了很多。A. felt感觉到；B. shown展示；C. removed去除，使消失；D. voiced表达，吐露。根据句中“My problem was solved”可知，我的问题解决了，由此可知，我的恐惧消除了很多，不再那么害怕演奏了。故选C项。 18．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：回首往事，我很高兴我克服了恐惧。A. Carrying on继续；B. Looking back回顾，回首往事；C. Stepping aside下台，让位；D. Turning around转身，调转方向。根据句中“I overcame my fear”可知，我克服了恐惧是发生在过去的事，由此可知，句中指回首往事，我很高兴我克服了恐惧。故选B项。 19．考查动词词义辨析。句意：恐惧会消耗一个人生活中的一切。A. consume消耗；B. examine检查；C. reflect反映；D. rescue营救。根据上文“by not facing my fears, I had created a black hole that would be difficult to _____ out of”可知，因为没有面对我的恐惧，我陷入困境，无法面对生活，由此可知，恐惧会消耗一个人生活中的一切。故选A项。 20．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：躲避这些恐惧只会造成一个洞，让人困在里面。A. unknown未知的；B. unpunished未受惩罚的；C. interested感兴趣的；D. trapped受困的。根据上文“by not facing my fears, I had created a black hole that would be difficult to _____ out of”可知，因为没有面对我的恐惧，我创造了一个很难爬出来的黑洞，由此可知，躲避恐惧只会造成一个洞，人被困在里面。故选D项。 Passage 6 （2021·天津·高考真题）For most people, having things stolen feels like an offence. Robbie Pruitt admitted that he got 1 when he discovered the theft of his mountain bike last September. But soon enough, his 2 took a turn. After letting go of his anger and frustration, he found himself on a road to sympathy 3 . For Pruitt, a keen bicyclist, the first thing to do was 4 his stolen bike. But when he went bike shopping, he found few available, which got him thinking: What if the 5 of bikes was Covid-19 related, and what if the person who'd taken his bike really needed 6 to get to work? With that thought in mind, Pruitt 7 a plan and posted it on the community website. He 8 to fix bikes free of charge for anyone who needed it. He also asked for unwanted bikes, which he would repair-again 9 . And then he would donate them to folks who could truly use them but didn't have the 10 to buy one. The day the post went live, Pruitt received thirty 11 bicycles. Then came more than 500 12 for detailed information. By the end of 2020, Pruitt had repaired more than 140 for donation or to be 13 to their owners. Pruitt tries to give his donations to families that are 14 struggling. 15 simply satisfying a material need, he has provided an opportunity for kids in his neighborhood to learn how to fix their own bikes. In addition to 16 skills, Pruitt's lessons teach teamwork, encourage self-worth, and promote feelings of community. 17 , the kids have gained a sense of accomplishment. "It's a really great 18 for kids,“ said a neighbor in an interview with the local newspaper. "Pruitt is certainly providing a 19 , but it's not just the bikes. It's the relationships in the community. It's the 20 that he can make on people." 1．A．amazed B．mad C．curious D．frightened 2．A．emotions B．career C．opinions D．route 3．A．ever B．together C．instead D．yet 4．A．ride B．lock C．repair D．replace 5．A．lack B．variety C．increase D．quality 6．A．instruction B．qualification C．transportation D．permission 7．A．came up with B．stuck to C．gave up D．broke away from 8．A．remembered B．refused C．hesitated D．offered 9．A．by accident B．in advance C．for free D．on credit 10．A．profit B．budget C．courage D．excuse 11．A．shared B．used C．expensive D．modern 12．A．enquiries B．advertisements C．notices D．announcements 13．A．exported B．sold C．lent D．returned 14．A．hardly B．slightly C．truly D．instantly 15．A．Without B．Beyond C．Upon D．Among 16．A．practical B．commercial C．mathematical D．social 17．A．Otherwise B．However C．Somehow D．Meanwhile 18．A．promise B．celebration C．comfort D．experience 19．A．competition B．service C．ceremony D．suggestion 20．A．compromise B．impression C．impact D．progress 【答案】 1．B 2．A 3．C 4．D 5．A 6．C 7．A 8．D 9．C 10．B 11．B 12．A 13．D 14．C 15．B 16．A 17．D 18．D 19．B 20．C 【分析】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了Robbie Pruitt在自己的自行车被偷后，想出了给人免费修车的计划。他把这一计划发布到了网上，主动提出为有需要的人免费修理自行车。他还想要一些没人要的自行车，他愿意再免费修理一次。然后他会把它们捐给那些真正需要它们但没有预算买的人。他还教授邻居的孩子们免费修车，得到了邻居的赞赏。 1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Robbie Pruitt承认，去年9月发现他的山地车被盗时，他很生气。A. amazed惊讶的；B. mad生气的；C. curious好奇的；D. frightened害怕的。根据后文“letting go of his anger”可知发现车被偷，Robbie Pruitt当时很生气。故选B。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但很快，他的情绪发生了变化。A. emotions情绪；B. career事业；C. opinions观点；D. route路线。结合后文“After letting go of his anger and frustration, he found himself on a road to sympathy”可知Robbie Pruitt从生气沮丧变成了同情，情绪发生了变化。故选A。 3．考查副词词义辨析。句意：在放下愤怒和沮丧之后，他发现自己走上了同情之路。A. ever曾经；B. together一起；C. instead相反；D. yet然而。结合上文“he found himself on a road to sympathy”可知，发现自己的车被偷，Robbie Pruitt放下愤怒和沮丧，反而走上了同情他人的道路。故选C。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：对于热衷于骑自行车的Pruitt来说，第一件要做的事就是取代他被偷的自行车。A. ride骑车；B. lock锁上；C. repair修理；D. replace取代。根据后文“his stolen bike. But when he went bike shopping”可知车被偷，Pruitt要买车来取代被偷的自行车。故选D。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但当他去买自行车时，发现几乎没有自行车，这让他想到：如果缺少自行车与Covid-19有关，如果骑他自行车的人真的需要交通工具去上班呢？A. lack缺乏；B. variety多样；C. increase增加；D. quality质量。根据上文“he found few available”可知商店里也缺少自行车。故选A。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但当他去买自行车时，发现几乎没有自行车，这让他想到：如果缺少自行车与Covid-19有关，如果骑他自行车的人真的需要交通工具去上班呢？A. instruction指令；B. qualification资格；C. transportation运输工具；D. permission允许。根据前后文“needed … to get to work”可知，Pruitt猜测偷自己自行车的人是因为确实需要交通工具去上班。故选C。 7．考查动词短语辨析。句意：带着这个想法，Pruitt想出了一个计划，并把它发布在了社区网站上。A. came up with提出；B. stuck to坚持；C. gave up放弃；D. broke away from突然逃跑。根据后文“a plan and posted it on the community website”指想出了一个计划，come up with符合语境。故选A。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他主动提出为有需要的人免费修理自行车。A. remembered记得；B. refused拒绝；C. hesitated犹豫；D. offered提议。结合后文“to fix bikes free of charge for anyone who needed it”指Pruitt提议为他人免费修车，offer to do sth.“主动提出做某事”。故选D。 9．考查固定短语辨析。句意：他还想要一些没人要的自行车，他愿意再免费修理一次。A. by accident偶然；B. in advance提前；C. for free免费；D. on credit赊账。呼应上文“fix bikes free of charge”他的修车都是免费的。故选C。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后他会把它们捐给那些真正需要它们但没有预算买的人。A. profit利润；B. budget预算；C. courage勇气；D. excuse借口。根据前后文“folks who could truly use them but didn't have the…to buy one”可知，Pruitt捐车的对象是那些需要车但是预算不够，买不起的人，but表示转折，说明预算紧张。故选B。 11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这一帖子发布当天，Pruitt收到了30辆二手自行车。A. shared共享的；B. used二手的；C. expensive昂贵的；D. modern现代的。根据上文“He also asked for unwanted bikes”可知，Pruitt也回收不想要的二手车，所以在帖子发布当天收到了30辆二手自行车。故选B。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后就来了500多个询问详细信息的询问。A. enquiries询问；B. advertisements广告；C. notices通知；D. announcements公告。根据后文“for detailed information”可知有询问详细信息的询问。故选A。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：到2020年底，Pruitt已经修复了140多件自行车，这些自行车要么捐赠，要么返还原主。A. exported出口；B. sold出售；C. lent借给；D. returned返回，返还。结合后文“to their owners”指修好的车返还给主人，return符合语境。故选D。 14．考查副词词义辨析。句意：Pruitt试图把他的捐赠捐给那些真正生活困难挣扎的家庭。A. hardly几乎不；B. slightly轻微地；C. truly真实地；D. instantly立即。此处呼应上文“folks who could truly use them”指Pruitt的捐赠都是给那些真正生活有困难的家庭的。故选C。 15．考查介词词义辨析。句意：除了满足物质需求，他为邻居的孩子们提供了一个学习如何修理自行车的机会。A. Without没有；B. Beyond除……之外；超过；C. Upon在……上；D. Among在……中间。结合后文“he has provided an opportunity for kids in his neighborhood to learn how to fix their own bikes”可知，不仅满足了物质上的需求，还提供了学习如何修理自行车的机会。故选B。 16．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：除了实用技能，Pruitt的课程还教授团队合作，鼓励自我价值，促进社区感觉。A. practical实际的；B. commercial商业的；C. mathematical数学的；D. social社会的。根据上文“he has provided an opportunity for kids in his neighborhood to learn how to fix their own bikes.”可知，Pruitt为邻居的孩子们提供了一个学习如何修理自行车的机会，即教授他们实用技能。故选A。 17．考查副词词义辨析。句意：同时，孩子们也有了一种成就感。A. Otherwise否则；B. However然而；C. Somehow不知怎么；D. Meanwhile同时。根据前后文语境，可知孩子们通过参加Pruitt的课程，学到了实用技能，同时还有了一种成就感，Meanwhile符合语境。故选D。 18．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一位邻居在接受当地报纸采访时说：“对孩子们来说，这真是一次很棒的经历。”A. promise承诺；B. celebration庆祝；C. comfort安慰；D. experience经历。根据语境，参与Pruitt的课程对孩子们来说，是一次经历。故选D。 19．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Pruitt当然会提供服务，但不仅仅是自行车。A. competition比赛；B. service服务；C. ceremony典礼；D. suggestion建议。结合上文可知，Pruitt为人们免费修车，还为社区的孩子教授如何修车，所以他提供的是服务。故选B。 20．考查名词词义辨析。句意：而是他能对人们产生的影响。A. compromise妥协；B. impression印象；C. impact影响；D. progress进步。根据后文“he can make on people”可知为短语make impact on“对……产生影响”。故选C。 Passage 7 （2021·天津·高考真题）My brother and I are exactly one year apart. We look like twins, but we are completely 1 . By the time we got to middle school it was clear that my older brother 2 meditation (冥想),while I was a born 3 who preferred the theatrical, even when off stage. I took his relative silence to be offensive. We simply didn't 4 . I didn't 5 having a tense relationship with my brother because I was involved at school. 6 , I threw myself into the world of musicals. I practised singing in the bedroom every day to remain at my best and be 7 for roles; my brother would meditate on a window seat. He might feel high school was already hard enough 8 my noisy singing. So space to practise became a（n） 9 between us because we shared a room. At the start of the semester, I practised “Circle of Life" for a musical. This was the first time I 10 to learn a song, because my voice cracked (破音)as I switched to a head voice. I was annoyed in that period and 11 practising, declaring I had reached the ceiling of my singing career. For the first time in years my brother 12 quiet when I got home. After two days of this, my brother asked me to 13 him in meditation. Feeling my anger at my inability to manage this song 14 ,I accepted. My brother said, "When your mind floats away, you simply come back. Don't blame yourself" I got the message, and it soon became my new 15 . I kept trying at the song, no longer getting 16 at myself. And just in time for the trial performance, I was able to 17 power in my singing despite the switch to a head voice. It was important for me to learn that you don't have to always get everything 18 the first time and that good things come with continual 19 .I now understand why my brother favours the 20 . 1．A．mature B．different C．content D．normal 2．A．disliked B．preferred C．replaced D．abandoned 3．A．writer B．leader C．painter D．performer 4．A．get along B．drop by C．show off D．check in 5．A．try B．mind C．enjoy D．delay 6．A．In particular B．In vain C．In return D．In theory 7．A．humorous B．ordinary C．competitive D．grateful 8．A．above B．below C．near D．without 9．A．issue B．contrast C．agreement D．balance 10．A．struggled B．expected C．promised D．decided 11．A．began B．allowed C．stopped D．continued 12．A．hated B．experienced C．accepted D．wanted 13．A．help B．invite C．join D．admire 14．A．gracefully B．suddenly C．fiercely D．cautiously 15．A．limit B．sentence C．mistake D．philosophy 16．A．rude B．angry C．surprised D．excited 17．A．lose B．share C．reduce D．maintain 18．A．wrong B．right C．back D．down 19．A．luck B．absence C．effort D．fear 20．A．fight B．noise C．quiet D．safety 【答案】 1．B 2．B 3．D 4．A 5．B 6．A 7．C 8．D 9．A 10．A 11．C 12．B 13．C 14．A 15．D 16．B 17．D 18．B 19．C 20．C 【分析】本文是夹叙夹议文。作者喜欢表演，哥哥喜欢冥想，二者性格爱好完全不同，关系紧张。在作者遭遇失败时，哥哥教给他冥想，作者从中悟出了做事的哲理，取得了成功。 1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们看起来像双胞胎，但实际上我们是完全不同的。A. mature成熟的；B. different不同的；C. content满意的；D. normal正常的。根据下文“my older brother ____2____ meditation (冥想),while I was a born ____3____ who preferred the theatrical,”哥哥喜欢冥想而作者喜欢表演，前后对比可知二者性格不同。故选B。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：到我们上中学的时候，很明显，我哥哥更喜欢冥想，而我是一个天生的表演者，喜欢戏剧，即使是在舞台下。A. disliked不喜欢；B. preferred更喜欢；C. replaced取代；D. abandoned抛弃，放弃。根据句中对比的内容“while I was a born ____3____ who preferred the theatrical”和preferred呼应，可知哥哥更喜欢冥想。故选B。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：到我们上中学的时候，很明显，我哥哥更喜欢冥想，而我是一个天生的表演者，喜欢戏剧，即使是在舞台下。A. writer作家；B. leader领导者；C. painter画家；D. performer表演者。根据“the theatrical ,even when off stage.”和下文的“in time for the trial performance”可知作者喜欢表演。故选D。 4．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们就是合不来。A. get along相处，进展；B. drop by顺便拜访；C. show off炫耀；D. check in登记，报到。根据上句“I took his relative silence to be offensive.”及下文“a tense relationship with my brother”作者和哥哥性格和爱好不同，作者甚至认为哥哥相对沉默是一种冒犯，可知两人相处地不好，关系紧张。故选A。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不介意和我哥哥关系紧张，因为我在学校很忙。A. try试图，努力；B. mind介意；C. enjoy欣赏，享受；D. delay推迟，延误。根据句中“because I was involved at school.”和下文“I practised singing in the bedroom every day”可知在学校很忙，在家依然我行我素，并不介意和哥哥的关系。故选B。 6．考查介词短语辨析。句意：特别是，我全身心地投入了音乐剧的世界。A. In particular尤其，特别；B. In vain徒劳；C. In return作为回报；D. In theory理论上。根据上文“preferred the theatrical”和下文“I practised singing in the bedroom every day”可知作者非常喜欢音乐。故选A。 7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我每天在卧室里练习唱歌，以保持最佳状态，争取角色；我哥哥会坐在靠窗的座位上冥想。A. humorous幽默的；B. ordinary普通的，平常的；C. competitive竞争的；D. grateful感激的。根据“I practised singing in the bedroom every day” 作者每天练习，可知竞争很激烈。故选C。 8．考查介词词义辨析。句意：就算没有我吵闹的歌声，他也会觉得高中已经够难的了。A. above超过，在……之上；B. below在……下面；C. near在……附近；D. without没有。哥哥经常冥想，作者认为即使没有自己吵闹的歌声，哥哥也会觉得高中很难。故选D。 9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以练习的空间成了我们之间的问题，因为我们共用一个房间。A. issue问题，发行；B. contrast对比，差异；C. agreement同意，一致；D. balance平衡。根据上文“a tense relationship with my brother”和句中“we shared a room.”可知练习唱歌的空间是作者和哥哥之间的问题。故选A。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是我第一次费劲地学歌，因为当我切换到头音时，我的声音嘶哑了。A. struggled奋斗，努力；B. expected预期，盼望；C. promised允诺，许诺；D. decided决定。根据“my voice cracked (破音)as I switched to a head voice”可知作者学歌很费劲。故选A。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在那段时间里，我很恼火，停止了练习，宣称自己已经达到了歌唱事业的顶峰。A. began开始；B. allowed允许，准许；C. stopped停止；D. continued继续。根据下文“my brother ____12____ quiet when I got home.”家里安静了，可知作者停止了练习唱歌。故选C。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我回家时，哥哥多年来第一次感到安静。A. hated厌恶；B. experienced体验，经历；C. accepted接受；D. wanted想要。因为作者停止在家唱歌了，哥哥体验到了家里的安静。故选B。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这样过了两天，我哥哥要我和他一起冥想。A. help帮助；B. invite邀请；C. join参加；D. admire钦佩。根据下文“I accepted”可知哥哥让作者和他一起冥想，作者同意了。故选C。 14．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我觉得自己无法优美地驾驭这首歌很生气，于是就接受了。A. gracefully优美地，优雅地；B. suddenly突然；C. fiercely猛烈地；D. cautiously谨慎地。根据下文“I was able to ____17____ power in my singing despite the switch to a head voice.”可知作者想优美地驾驭这首歌。故选A。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我明白了这个意思，它很快就成为了我的新哲学。A. limit限度；B. sentence句子，判决；C. mistake错误；D. philosophy哲学。根据下文“It was important for me to learn that you don't have to always get everything ____18____ the first time and that good things come with continual ____19____.”可知作者把哥哥的话作为自己的哲学。故选D。 16．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我一直试着唱这首歌，不再生自己的气了。A. rude粗鲁的；B. angry生气的；C. surprised吃惊的；D. excited兴奋的。与上文“I was annoyed in that period和my anger at my inability”呼应，可知作者开始因为自己唱不好生气，现在想明白了，不生气了。故选B。 17．考查动词词义辨析。句意：就在试演的时候，尽管换了头音，我还是能保持唱歌的能力。A. lose丢失；B. share分享；C. reduce减少；D. maintain保持。根据句中“was able to”和下文“good things come with”可知作者成功保持了唱歌的能力。故选D。 18．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对我来说，重要的是要知道，你不必总是在第一次就把每件事都做正确，好的事情总是伴随着不断的努力而来。A. wrong错误的；B. right正确的；C. back后面的；D. down情绪低落的。根据作者的经历和常识可知，第一次做事不一定能做好。故选B。 19．考查名词词义辨析。句意：对我来说，重要的是要知道，你不必总是在第一次就把每件事都做正确，好的事情总是伴随着不断的努力而来。A. luck运气；B. absence缺席；C. effort努力；D. fear害怕，担心。根据上文“I practised singing in the bedroom every day”和“I kept trying at the song”可知只有不断努力才能成功。故选C。 20．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我现在明白我哥哥为什么喜欢安静了。A. fight斗争，打架；B. noise噪音；C. quiet安静，和平；D. safety安全。根据上文“my older brother ____2____ meditation”“my brother would meditate on a window seat.”可知哥哥喜欢冥想，喜欢安静。故选C。 Passage 8 （2020·天津·高考真题）Detective Ashley Jones works at a police department in England. He has recently made a significant 1 - -loneliness is a serious social problem that can contribute to depression and even crimes, but it can be 2 in a clever way. The 3 ? Chat benches. Jones got the idea after he had talked with an elderly lady who had been cheated of her 4 . The lady would get a call from a stranger every morning who 5 made her believe that he was her friend, and then she lent him about “f 31,000 . Jones was 6 when she said that she didn’t actually 7 being cheated. “Otherwise, 1would never speak to another person for weeks on end,” she said. This led Jones to the conclusion that there are too many extremely 8 people in his community, who are easy targets of cheating. So he 9 to do something about it. He 10 the police department to allow him to 11   a couple of “chat benches” in two of their local parks. Then he hung a colorful sign on each of the benches that 12 :”HAPPY TO CHAT. “Just a few days after the signs went up, he found people sitting there and engaging in active and 13 conversations. The idea is catching on 14 There are now over 40 chat benches throughout England. More new chat benches have sprung up across the UK and beyond. All who participated have gained a(n) 15 outcome from getting involved. Jones’ idea has been fully 16 -the “HAPPY TO CHAT” benches help 17 the invisible social barrier that keeps people from saying hello. This effort is not just a(n) 18 at being community minded- -it’s also a 19 measure. It prevents people who are cut off from society falling victim to cheaters. The Chat Bench is a fantastic new project that 20 those of all ages to interact and get to know each other in the future. 1．A．choice B．discovery C．visit D．promise 2．A．experienced B．suffered C．prevented D．felt 3．A．solution B．puzzle C．excuse D．intention 4．A．pleasure B．prize C．credit D．money 5．A．eventually B．frequently C．previously D．occasionally 6．A．ashamed B．shocked C．excited D．amused 7．A．mind B．forgive C．risk D．enjoy 8．A．active B．lonely C．cautious D．stubborn 9．A．learned B．refused C．pretended D．decided 10．A．forced B．ordered C．convinced D．taught 11．A．put away B．make out C．tear apart D．set up 12．A．read B．claimed C．meant D．implied 13．A．formal B．joyful C．awkward D．crazy 14．A．randomly B．slowly C．quickly D．purposefully 15．A．positive B．disappointing C．correct D．embarrassing 16．A．realized B．examined C．discussed D．formed 17．A．break down B．put up C．keep off D．take out 18．A．glance B．attempt C．knock D．attack 19．A．heart-breaking B．risk-taking C．face-saving D．crime-cutting 20．A．forbids B．appoints C．encourages D．troubles 【答案】 1．B 2．C 3．A 4．D 5．A 6．B 7．A 8．B 9．D 10．C 11．D 12．A 13．B 14．C 15．A 16．A 17．A 18．B 19．D 20．C 【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章主要讲了艾什莉·琼斯警探在英国的一个警察局工作。他最近有了一项重大发现--孤独是一个严重的社会问题，它会导致抑郁甚至犯罪，但它可以用一种聪明的方法加以阻止。琼斯警探通过设置”聊天长椅”，帮助打破了人们打招呼的无形的社会障碍。”聊天长椅”是一个很棒的新项目，它不仅仅是一种社区意识的尝试，也是一种减少犯罪的措施。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意:他最近有了一项重大发现--孤独是一个严重的社会问题，它会导致抑郁甚至犯罪，但它可以用一种聪明的方法加以阻止。A. choice选择；B. discovery发现；C. visit参观；D. promise许诺。下文loneliness is a serious social problem that can contribute to depression and even crimes说孤独是一个严重的社会问题，它会导致抑郁甚至犯罪，但它可以用一种聪明的方法加以阻止。这是一项重大的发现。故选B。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意:他最近有了一项重大发现--孤独是一个严重的社会问题，它会导致抑郁甚至犯罪，但它可以用一种聪明的方法加以阻止。A. experienced经历；B. suffered遭受；C. prevented阻止；D. felt 感觉。根据下文Chat benches.可知对于这一社会问题，有阻止的方法。故选C。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意:解决方案？长椅上聊天。A. solution解决方案；B. puzzle谜；C. excuse借口；D. intention目的。根据下文的回答Chat benches可知这里是询问”解决方案是什么”。故选A。 4．考查名词词义辨析。句意:琼斯是在与一位被骗了钱的老妇人交谈后产生这个想法的。A. pleasure快乐；B. prize奖品；C. credit信用； D. money钱。根据下文and then she lent him about £31,000可知这位老妇人被骗了钱。故选D。 5．考查副词词义辨析。句意:这位女士每天早上都会接到一个陌生人的电话，他最终让她相信他是她的朋友，然后她就借给了他大约31万英镑。A. eventually 最后；B. frequently频繁地；C. previously先前；D. occasionally偶尔。下文说这位老妇人借给了这个陌生人大约31万英镑，由此可知，他最终让她相信他是她的朋友。故选A。 6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意:当这位老妇人说她实际上并不介意被骗时，琼斯很震惊。A. ashamed羞愧的；B. shocked震惊的；C. excited兴奋的；D. amused愉悦的。按照正常的逻辑，一个人被骗了很多钱，她一定会很生气。然而，这位老妇人却说她不介意。所以琼斯很震惊。故选B。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意:当这位老妇人说她实际上并不介意被骗时，琼斯很震惊。A. mind介意；B. forgive原谅；C. risk冒险；D. enjoy享受。根据下文老妇人说的话 “Otherwise, 1would never speak to another person for weeks on end,” she said.可知她并不介意被骗。故选A。 8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意:这使琼斯得出结论，在他的社区中有太多极度孤独的人，他们很容易成为欺骗的目标。A. active积极的；B. lonely孤独的；C. cautious小心的； D. stubborn顽固的。上文老妇人说:“否则，我几个星期都不会跟别人说话”，结合下文，琼斯创建了“聊天长椅”可知在他的社区中，有太多极度孤独的人。故选B。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意:所以他决定做点什么。A. learned学习；B. refused拒绝；C. pretended假装；D. decided决定。下文He…the police department to allow him to…a couple of “chat benches” in two of their local parks.描述了琼斯采取的实际行动，由此可知，琼斯决定做点什么。故选D。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意:他说服了警察局允许他在当地的两个公园里设立几个”聊天长椅”。A. forced强迫；B. ordered命令；C. convinced说服；D. taught教。下文说他在当地的两个公园里设立了几个“聊天长椅”，由此可知，他是说服了警察局。故选C。 11．考查动词短语辨析。句意:他说服了警察局允许他在当地的两个公园里设立了几个“聊天长椅”。A. put away放好；B. make out辨认出；C. tear apart把……弄乱；D. set up设立。根据a couple of “chat benches” in two of their local parks.可知是在当地的两个公园里设立几个“聊天长椅”。故选D。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意:然后，他在每张长椅上挂了一块彩色的牌子，上面写着:“聊天愉快。” A. read写着；B. claimed宣称；C. meant意味；D. implied暗示。根据”HAPPY TO CHAT. “可知这是牌子上写的内容。表示”牌子上写着……”应用动词read，故选A。 13．考查形容词词义辨析。句意:就在张贴告示几天后，他发现人们坐在那里，进行着积极愉快的交谈。A. formal正式的；B. joyful愉快的； C. awkward尴尬的；D. crazy疯狂的。下文说琼斯的想法已经完全实现了，结合琼斯创建“聊天长椅”的初衷以及牌子上所写的内容“快乐聊天”，可知人们坐在那里，进行着积极愉快的交谈。故选B。 14．考查副词词义辨析。句意:这个想法很快就流行起来了。A. randomly随便地；B. slowly缓慢地；C. quickly很快地；D. purposefully有目的地。根据There are now over 40 chat benches throughout England.可知这个想法很快就流行起来了。故选C。 15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意:所有参与的人都从参与中获得了积极的结果。A. positive积极的；B. disappointing令人失望的；C. correct正确的；D. embarrassing使人尴尬的。根据Jones' idea has been fully…-the “HAPPY TO CHAT” benches help…the invisible social barrier that keeps people from saying hello.可知琼斯的想法已经完全实现了，”聊天愉快”长椅帮助打破了人们打招呼的无形的社会障碍。因此，推断出所有参与的人都从参与中获得了积极的结果。故选A。 16．考查动词词义辨析。句意:琼斯的想法已经完全实现了。A. realized实现；B. examined检查；C. discussed讨论；D. formed形成。下文说”聊天愉快”长椅帮助打破了人们打招呼的无形的社会障碍。由此可知，琼斯的想法已经完全实现了。故选A。 17．考查动词短语辨析。句意:“聊天愉快”长椅帮助打破了人们打招呼的无形的社会障碍。A. break down打破； B. put up提供；C. keep off不接近；D. take out取出。上文说所有参与的人都从参与中获得了积极的结果。由此可知，“聊天愉快”长椅帮助打破了人们打招呼的无形的社会障碍。故选A。 18．考查名词词义辨析。句意:这不仅仅是一种社区意识的尝试，也是一种减少犯罪的措施。A. glance一瞥； B. attempt尝试；C. knock敲打；D. attack攻击。琼斯设置的“聊天长椅”是一个新颖且有趣的尝试。故选B。 19．考查形容词词义辨析。句意:这不仅仅是一种社区意识的尝试，也是一种减少犯罪的措施。A. heart-breaking令人心碎的；B. risk-taking冒险的；C face-saving顾全面子的；D. crime-cutting减少犯罪的。根据上文loneliness is a serious social problem that can contribute to depression and even crimes以及那位被骗了钱的老妇人的悲惨经历，可知这不仅仅是一种社区意识的尝试，也是一种减少犯罪的措施。故选D。 20．考查动词词义辨析。句意:“聊天长椅”是一个很棒的新项目，鼓励所有年龄段的人在未来相互交流和了解。A. forbids禁止；B. appoints任命；C. encourages鼓励；D. troubles麻烦。根据The Chat Bench is a fantastic new project 以及上文“聊天长椅”所产生的积极效果，可知“聊天长椅”，鼓励所有年龄段的人在未来相互交流和了解。故选C。 Passage 9 （2020·天津·高考真题）For the past ten years, my dad and I have attended the same school--- he as an administrator and I as a student. Our relationship, in and out of school, has been totally unpredictable. When I was younger, all that my dad said was doctrine （信条）and anything did I, 1 , copied. We played games together, and stayed up late reading bedtime stories. I could 2 my dad taking me to school, running into him 3 during the day and riding home with him every afternoon. As I grew older, we were not as 4 as we used to be. He wasn't cool any more .He wore his socks too high, listened to 5 country music and laughed too loudly in front of my friends. He became a total embarrassment. However, the 6 that occurred in school were even worse. The worst one happened in seventh grade. My dad came to our New Year party, 7 as Donald Duck, guitar in hand, singing silly songs. Just kill me！ I wanted to run away. This 8 continued into high school, but we somehow began to find a balance .Things started to 9 around the time of my 10th-grade physics project. The 10 was to build a wood bridge with the best strength-to-weight ratio（比率）. All the students and physics teachers 11 . So did my dad, the only administrator！ Embarrassed, as usual, I 12 the  scene. 13 , later when I learned from my friends that my dad     14 all competitors and won everyone's admiration, I found that mixed in with my 15 was a touch of pride. I had needed someone else to show me what I 16 in my dad. It wasn't the fact that he'd won； it was more than that. I began to 17 that we have many of the same values and sometimes the same opinions. No matter how much I had tried to 18 him, he still influenced me. I feel 19 to have such an unusual father. The 20 I have developed with my dad over the years has enabled me to look back and see how I’ve grown. 1．A．temporarily B．naturally C．originally D．passively 2．A．apply to B．count on C．see off D．pick out 3．A．gradually B．previously C．regularly D．eventually 4．A．close B．reliable C．generous D．confident 5．A．creative B．familiar C．horrible D．live 6．A．failures B．coincidences C．competitions D．disasters 7．A．dressed up B．broken down C．settled down D．signed up 8．A．debate B．party C．progress D．struggle 9．A．happen B．change C．grow D．disappear 10．A．issue B．task C．lesson D．procedure 11．A．participated B．protested C．hesitated D．explored 12．A．fled B．investigated C．pictured D．made 13．A．Instead B．Otherwise C．Therefore D．However 14．A．convinced B．defeated C．ignored D．evaluated 15．A．confusion B．encouragement C．embarrassment D．fascination 16．A．recommended B．tolerated C．doubted D．appreciated 17．A．recognize B．demand C．argue D．estimate 18．A．approach B．limit C．resist D．believe 19．A．puzzled B．fortunate C．concerned D．awkward 20．A．strategy B．habit C．relationship D．potential 【答案】 1．B 2．B 3．C 4．A 5．C 6．D 7．A 8．D 9．B 10．B 11．A 12．A 13．D 14．B 15．C 16．D 17．A 18．C 19．B 20．C 【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。通过记叙作者的成长经历发表对父亲的一些看法和对父亲态度的转变的一些观点，那就是父子关系与成长的关系至关重要。这么多年作者和作者父亲的关系使得作者能回首看自己的成长经历。 1．考查副词辨析。句意：当我小弟时候，我父亲所说的一切都是信条，而我很自然的照搬。A. temporarily暂时地；B. naturally自然地；C. originally原始地；D. passively被动地。既然父亲说的都是信条，那作者自然地只有照做的份。故选B。 2．考查动词词组辨析。句意：我可以依靠他带我去上学。A. apply to申请；B. count on依靠；C. see off送行；D. pick out挑出。根据上文my dad and I have attended the same school可知，作者可以依靠父亲带作者去上学。故选B。 3．考查副词辨析。句意：在白天的时候有规律地遇见他，然后每天下午和他一起骑车回家。A. gradually渐渐地；B. previously之前；C. regularly有规律地；D. eventually最终地。因为其父亲是学校行政管理人员，故其行踪是固定的，其行动是有规律的。故选C。 4．考查形容词辨析。句意：随着我长大，我们不再那么亲密无间。A. close接近；B. reliable可靠的，值得信赖的；C. generous大方的；D. confident自信的。下一句He wasn't cool any more他不再那么酷。表明作者不再认为父亲是心目中的样子，自然也就起隔阂了，没有那么亲密无间的了。故选A。 5．考查形容词辨析。句意：他穿高筒袜子，听令人生厌的乡村音乐，大声地在我朋友面前笑，他完全变得让我难堪起来。A. creative创新的；B. familiar熟悉的；C. horrible极讨厌的；D. live鲜活的。根据He became a total embarrassment.父亲听听令人生厌的乡村音乐。故选C。 6．考查名词辨析。句意：然而，学校里发生的一切灾难甚至更糟糕。A. failures失败；B. coincidences巧合；C. competitions竞争；D. disasters灾难。根据the worst one happened in seventh grade.可知，学校里发生的一切灾难甚至更糟糕。故选D。 7．考查动词词组辨析。句意：我父亲来参加我们的新年晚会，化装成唐老鸭，手里拿着吉他唱着愚蠢的歌曲。这比杀我还难受。A. dressed up化妆；B. broken down破产；C. settled down定居，安顿下来；D. signed up报名，签名。根据Donald Duck可知，参加聚会，且装扮成唐老鸭自然要化妆。故选A。 8．考查名词辨析。句意：这种挣扎的心理直到高中，但我不管怎么说开始寻求一种平衡。A. debate争论；B. party党派；C. progress进步；D. struggle斗争，挣扎。这么多年的经历告诉我们作者内心是纠结的，挣扎于与父亲的关系上面。故选D。 9．考查动词辨析。句意：事情的改变史与我十年级的一次物理课项目。A. happen发生；B. change改变；C. grow生长；D. disappear消失。根据I found that mixed in with my　　　　　15　　　　　was a touch of pride.可知，事情开始在作者十年级物理课项上发生了变化。故选B。 10．考查名词辨析。句意：这项任务是用最好的强度比率建造一座木桥。A. issue话题；B. task任务；C. lesson教训；D. procedure程序，步骤。既然是建造木桥，那么就是此次项目的任务。故选B。 11．考查动词辨析。句意：所有的同学和物理老师都参与进来了。A. participated参加；B. protested辩护，抗争；C. hesitated犹豫不决；D. explored探索。根据 So did my dad, the only administrator！可知，我父亲也参与了，他是参加的唯一的领导。所以所有的同学和物理老师都参与进来了。故选A。 12．考查动词辨析。句意：像往常一样我逃离了现场。A. fled逃跑；B. investigated调查；C. pictured画画；D. made制造。根据上文I wanted to run away.可知，像往常一样告诉我们作者感到尴尬，做出逃跑这样的动作也属正常。故选A。 13．考查连接副词辨析。句意：然而，后来当我从朋友那里了解到我父亲击败所有的参赛者，赢得了每个人的赞叹。A. Instead相反；取而代之；B. Otherwise要不然的话；C. Therefore因此；D. However然而。接着下一句的内容：击败所有的参赛者，赢得了每个人的赞叹时，作者的态度是发生了转变的。变成带有一丝自豪：a touch of pride.这与之前认为他父亲的行为让他尴尬的态度形成一个意义上的转折。故选D。 14．考查动词辨析。句意：然而，后来当我从朋友那里了解到我父亲击败所有的参赛者，赢得了每个人的赞叹。A. convinced令人信服；B. defeated击败；C. ignore忽略，忽视；D. evaluated评估，估计。从赢得了赞叹可以推出答案为击败对手。故选B。 15．考查名词辨析。句意：我发现我的尴尬中混合了一丝自豪。A. confusion混乱；B. encouragement鼓励；C. embarrassment尴尬；D. fascination迷人，吸引人。根据上文之 He became a total embarrassment.可知，作者发现自己的尴尬中混合了一丝自豪。故选C。 16．考查动词辨析。句意：我需要别人让我了解自己对父亲的欣赏之情。。A. recommended推荐；B. tolerated忍受，忍耐；C. doubted怀疑；D. appreciated欣赏，感激。上句说有一丝的自豪感，自然对父亲有一丝欣赏的感觉。故选D。 17．考查动词辨析。句意：我开始意识到我们有很多相同的价值观，而且有时候有很多相同的观点。A. recognize识别；B. demand需求；C. argue争论；D. estimate估计。根据we have many of the same values and sometimes the same opinions.可知，作者开始意识到我们有很多相同的价值观，而且有时候有很多相同的观点。故选A。 18．考查动词辨析。句意：无论我怎么抵制他，他仍然在影响着我。A. approach接近；B. limit限制；C. resist抵抗，拒绝；D. believe相信。根据前面的描述作者一直是嫌弃他父亲的行为的，所以在心理上是抵制他的。故选C。 19．考查形容词辨析。句意：我很幸运我有这样不同寻常的父亲。A. puzzled觉得困惑的；B. fortunate幸运的；C. concerned关心的，担忧的；D. awkward尴尬的，令人难堪的。根据such an unusual father. 可知，有这样不同寻常的父亲当然是幸运的一件事情。故选B。 20．考查名词辨析。句意：这么多年我和我父亲的关系使得我能回首看自己的成长经历。A. strategy方法，策略；B. habit习惯；C. relationship关系；D. potential潜力。根据has enabled me to look back and see how I’ve grown.可知，全文所讲的父子关系，无论是嫌弃也好，还是感觉自豪也罢。这么多年作者和作者父亲的关系使得作者能回首看自己的成长经历。故选C。 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $