第03讲 阅读理解之推理判断题（专项训练）（天津专用）2026年高考英语一轮复习讲练测

第03讲 阅读理解之推理判断题 目录 01 课标达标练 考向1 细节推理题 考向2 写作意图题 考向3 观点态度题 考向4 文章出处题/读者对象题 02 真题溯源练 考向1 细节推理题 Passage 1 （2025·天津南开·三模）17 million Americans with major depressive disorder each year may soon receive a surprising new prescription: have fun on a virtual reality device. Engaging in activities that make people with severe depression feel good may seem like overly simplistic advice. But the science behind this idea, called “behavioral activation”, is well established. Multiple studies have found that encouraging people to get outside or socialize can help ease the symptoms of depression. Now, researchers have discovered that engaging in enjoyable activities with a virtual reality system may be as effective in treating depression as taking depression patients out in the real world. And for those depressed to a level that makes leaving the house a challenge, it could provide the benefits of getting outside. A study by the team followed twenty-six people with major depressive disorder. Thirteen people were assigned traditional behavioral activation, engaging with real life activities by going on outings in their community or socializing with friends. The other thirteen people received a VR headset to participate in activities ranging from playing table tennis to touring foreign cities. After four weeks, both groups saw a significant decrease in their symptoms of depression and their depression ratings. Moreover, many people who had used the VR devices said the virtual activities had helped push them to get out of the house and be more involved in in-person activities. A researcher said, “These virtual activities got their motors running just enough to get out of bed.” The only negative feedback is learning how to set up the device, as well as the need for alerts or reminders to keep people accountable for engaging in the behavioral activation. The researchers have since developed a companion VR behavioral activation app that helps address some of these concerns. The team says larger and longer-term studies are needed to find the best ways to administer virtual behavioral activation, as well as which patient populations might be best targeted with the VR treatment. They also think more efforts are needed to inform clinicians about how to prescribe VR behavioral activation appropriately. They believe the cost and ease of many VR platforms make it an easy treatment to scale up. 1．Which of the following is the best example of “behavioral activation” for people with depression? A．Watching a cooking show on TV at home. B．Reading mystery novels alone in the study. C．Participating in a local charity event with others. D．Playing single player video games on a computer. 2．How did the team conduct the study? A．By interviewing the patients in hospital. B．By keeping track of two groups’ transformations. C．By using VR to simulate the patients’ conditions. D．By comparing VR therapy with medicine treatment. 3．What does the team think of the VR treatment? A．Complex. B．Effective. C．Secure. D．Exceptional. 4．What specific aspect do the researchers plan to further explore regarding VR treatment? A．The suitable strategies for applying VR treatment. B．The acceptance of the VR treatment for patients. C．The development of a VR behavioral activation app. D．The cost of popularizing VR platforms. 5．According to the passage, which of the following can be inferred? A．VR treatment is already the mainstream in clinics. B．The VR app will soon replace face-to-face-therapy. C．Traditional activation has outperformed VR activation. D．VR success may boost non-traditional therapy research 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 4．A 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了虚拟现实技术可能为治疗重度抑郁症患者带来新的希望。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段“But the science behind this idea, called ‘behavioral activation’, is well established. Multiple studies have found that encouraging people to get outside or socialize can help ease the symptoms of depression.(但这种被称为“行为激活”的想法背后的科学已经得到了充分证实。多项研究发现，鼓励人们外出或社交有助于缓解抑郁症的症状)”可知，“行为激活”强调参与社交或户外活动。C选项“Participating in a local charity event with others.(与其他人一起参加当地的慈善活动)”符合“社交”的定义，是“行为激活”的最好例子。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“A study by the team followed twenty-six people with major depressive disorder. Thirteen people were assigned traditional behavioral activation, engaging with real life activities by going on outings in their community or socializing with friends. The other thirteen people received a VR headset to participate in activities ranging from playing table tennis to touring foreign cities.(该团队的一项研究跟踪了26名重度抑郁症患者。13人被分配了传统的行为激活，通过在社区外出或与朋友社交来参与现实生活活动。另外13人获得了一个VR头戴式耳机，参加了从打乒乓球到游览外国城市的各种活动)”可知，该实验研究通过跟踪两组患者的变化进行对比。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“After four weeks, both groups saw a significant decrease in their symptoms of depression.(四周后，两组患者的抑郁症状均显著减轻)”及第五段“The researchers have since developed a companion VR behavioral activation app.(研究人员随后开发了配套的 VR 行为激活应用程序)”可推知，团队认为VR治疗是有效的。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“The team says larger and longer-term studies are needed to find the best ways to administer virtual behavioral activation, as well as which patient populations might be best targeted with the VR treatment.(该团队表示，需要更大规模和更长期的研究来找到管理虚拟行为激活的最佳方法，以及哪些患者群体可能是VR治疗的最佳目标)”可知，研究人员计划进一步探索应用VR治疗的合适策略。故选A。 5．推理判断题。根据最后一段“They believe the cost and ease of many VR platforms make it an easy treatment to scale up.(他们认为许 VR平台的成本和易用性使其易于推广)”及全文对VR治疗有效性的阐述可推断，VR治疗的成功可能推动非传统疗法的研究。故选D。 Passage 2 （24-25高三下·天津·阶段练习）Bloomington Parks and Recreation offers an excellent opportunity for teens to get involved and make a difference in their community by volunteering within a variety of summer youth programs. Summer Teen volunteers assist with activities under the guidance of experienced staff and gain valuable leadership skills. In this summer, teens can apply to volunteer in the following programs: Summer Adventure Playground Program Volunteer Program Dates: July 14—August 12 Location: Kelly, Poplar Bridge, Running, Smith, Sunrise, and Westwood parks Information: Volunteers help facilitate opportunities to play and lead playground participants(in grades 2—6)in games, sports, arts and crafts, and social activities. This program emphasizes creating a safe and fun environment for children to make new friendships and develop social skills. Mini View Volunteer Program Dates: July 12—August 16 Location: Valley View Kindergarten Information: Volunteers assist with the supervision of preschool children during social events. This program focuses on providing a nurturing environment for young children to interact and learn through play, while volunteers gain experience working with younger age groups. The View Volunteer Program Dates: June 10—August 6 Location: Valley View Elementary School Information: Volunteers help supervise 2nd—5th graders in a social recreational setting.Activities include games, crafts, and group activities designed to promote teamwork and social development. Camp Kota Junior Counselor Program Dates: June 12—August 10 Location: East Bush Lake Information: Volunteers help campers(in grades 4—6)learn basic outdoor skills such as camping, hiking, and nature exploration. The program also includes team-building activities, songs, and fun outdoor adventures, all aimed at fostering friendship and a love for the outdoors. To apply, fill out a Parks and Recreation 2025 Summer Teen Volunteer Application. Please be sure to answer all questions and indicate all programs of interest. Applicants will be contacted via email with next steps after May 21st,2025. Contact us by phone(952-563-8877)or email at parksiec@BloomingtonMN. gov for more information. These volunteer opportunities not only benefit the community but also provide teens with hands-on experience that can enhance their resumes and college applications. 1．Which program suits you if you can deal with preschool kids well? A．Summer Adventure Playground Program Volunteer B．Mini View Volunteer. C．The View Volunteer. D．Camp Kota Junior Counselor. 2．What can be inferred about the Summer Adventure Playground Program? A．It is only available at one park. B．It focuses on outdoor survival skills. C．It involves activities for children in grades2—6. D．it requires volunteers to have previous teaching experience. 3．If you intend to apply for a program which has the longest duration, you will choose______. A．Summer Adventure Playground Program Volunteer B．Mini View Volunteer C．The View Volunteer D．Camp Kota Junior Counselor 4．What should you do to apply for the opportunity? A．Fill in an application form. B．Answer questions via an interview. C．Clarify your programs of interest by phone. D．Contact the organizers on May 21st. 5．What is the main purpose of the Summer Teen Volunteer programs? A．To provide job opportunities for teens. B．To help teens develop leadership skills and support the community. C．To prepare teens for college admissions. D．To train teens to become professional outdoor instructors. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．A 5．B 【导语】本文为一篇应用文。文章介绍了四个暑期志愿者活动的基本情况以及申请要求。 1．细节理解题。根据Mini View Volunteer部分“Volunteers assist with the supervision of preschool children during social events.(志愿者在社交活动中协助照顾学龄前儿童。)” 可知，该项目明确针对学龄前儿童。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据Summer Adventure Playground Program Volunteer部分“Volunteers help facilitate opportunities to play and lead playground participants(in grades 2—6)in games, sports, arts and crafts, and social activities. (志愿者协助提供玩耍机会，并带领操场活动参与者（2 至 6 年级）进行游戏、体育活动、手工和社交活动。)”可知，该项目涉及2—6年级儿童的活动。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据每个活动的时间可知：Summer Adventure Playground Program Volunteer（7月14日 —8月12日）：约30天；Mini View Volunteer（7月12日 —8月16日）：约35天；The View Volunteer（6月10日 —8月6日）：约58天；Camp Kota Junior Counselor（6月12日 —8月10日）：约60天，所以Camp Kota Junior Counselor时长最长。故选D项。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“To apply, fill out a Parks and Recreation 2025 Summer Teen Volunteer Application.(申请时，请填写2025年夏季青少年志愿者申请表。)”可知，申请的核心步骤是填写申请表。故选A项。 5．推理判断题。根据第一段“Bloomington Parks and Recreation offers an excellent opportunity for teens to get involved and make a difference in their community by volunteering within a variety of summer youth programs. Summer Teen volunteers assist with activities under the guidance of experienced staff and gain valuable leadership skills.(Bloomington公园及娱乐部门为青少年提供绝佳机会，通过在各类夏季青年项目中志愿服务，参与社区事务并贡献力量。夏季青少年志愿者在经验丰富的工作人员指导下协助开展活动，积累宝贵的领导技能。)”和最后一段“These volunteer opportunities not only benefit the community but also provide teens with hands-on experience that can enhance their resumes and college applications.(这些志愿者机会不仅造福社区，还为青少年提供实践经验，有助于完善他们的简历和大学申请材料。)”可知，项目主要目的是帮助青少年发展领导力并支持社区。故选B项。 Passage 3 （2025·天津和平·一模）Economists tend to be big fans of education. Alfred Marshall, writing in 1873, hoped that education would help erase the “distinction between working men and gentlemen”. Gary Becker of the University of Chicago reimagined education as an investment in “human capital” that would produce returns in the market similar to other assets. But economics can also be severely critical of schooling. In The Social Limits to Growth, a book published in 1976, Fred Hirsch pointed out that education is often “positional” in nature. What matters is not only how much you have, but whether you have more than the next person. An unhappy consequence is that one family’s expenses of schooling raise the bar for everyone else. Families are drawn, often unconsciously, into educational arms races. They spend money and time on after-school tutoring or extra-curricular activities in the expectation that it will improve their child’s position in the queue for advancement. But they quickly discover that everyone else is doing the same, leaving them in the same position as before. “If everyone stands on tiptoe, no one sees better,” Hirsch noted. These arms races are often particularly intense in East Asia. The government of South Korea has tried to ease the races. For example, it imposed a 10 p.m. curfew (宵禁) on cramming schools (补习学校). Inspectors would look for schools with their lights on. Will these measures work? It is almost impossible to stop families hiring private tutors to teach their children in their own homes. The arms race is notably less intense in parts of Europe. In Norway and Sweden parents show little demand for tutoring-the wealthy even less than others, according to Steve Enrich of the University of Potsdam. And overeducation is less common in Germany and other countries that sort children early into academic or vocational (职业的) schools, with little mobility between the two. For better or worse, that removes large numbers of students from the race for more academic honors. Germany’s practice of placing children on different tracks at an early age also invites an interesting thought experiment. What if college entrance tests were held earlier in a pupil’s career? If these exams truly test the knowledge required for university, they must be held just before university starts. But if such tests mostly serve as filters, selecting better students from worse, they need not be held so late. An earlier test would save families a year or two of costly cramming, shortening “the obstacle journey”, as Hirsch put it, without much changing the results. 1．What viewpoint is Gary Becker likely to agree with according to Paragraph 1? A．Education generates financial returns in the market. B．Education leads to the widening of class difference. C．Education plays a vital role in a person’s growth. D．Education promotes progress toward social equality. 2．Why do we say that one family’s expenses of schooling raise the bar for everyone else? A．Because it improves standards, making others follow suit. B．Because it sets up barriers, making it harder for others to reach the same level. C．Because it provides a model, forcing others to spend even more. D．Because it limits the range of educational resources, forcing others to give up. 3．Why does the author mention East Asia and parts of Europe? A．To assess educational competitiveness across regions. B．To highlight the impact of private tutoring on education. C．To contrast educational arms races in different areas. D．To analyze strategies for lessening academic pressure. 4．What is the purpose of writing the article? A．To introduce economic concepts to offer insights into educational problems. B．To discuss the economic impact on education among different countries. C．To explore the nature and consequences of education competition. D．To compare educational practices between East Asia and Europe. 5．What can be inferred about the author’s attitude towards the overeducation issue? A．The author believes that overeducation does not greatly change the results. B．The author believes that examinations are the cause of overeducation. C．The author advocates that we should learn from the European countries. D．The author suggests removing large numbers of students from the race. 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．C 4．C 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讲的是教育投资（或教育竞争）的经济学视角及其在不同国家和地区的表现与影响。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Gary Becker of the University of Chicago reimagined education as an investment in “human capital” that would produce returns in the market similar to other assets.(芝加哥大学（University of Chicago）的Gary Becker将教育重新构想为一种对“人力资本”的投资，这种投资将在市场上产生与其他资产类似的回报。)”可知，根据第一段，Gary Becker可能会同意的观点是教育在市场上产生经济回报。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段“Families are drawn, often unconsciously, into educational arms races. They spend money and time on after-school tutoring or extra-curricular activities in the expectation that it will improve their child’s position in the queue for advancement. But they quickly discover that everyone else is doing the same, leaving them in the same position as before.(家庭常常无意识地卷入了教育军备竞赛。他们把金钱和时间花在课外辅导或课外活动上，希望这能提高孩子在晋升队伍中的地位。但他们很快发现其他人都在做同样的事情，让他们和以前一样处于同样的位置。)”可知，我们说一个家庭的教育费用提高了其他所有家庭的标准是因为它提高了标准，让其他人效仿。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段“These arms races are often particularly intense in East Asia.(这些军备竞赛在东亚往往尤为激烈。)”和第四段“The arms race is notably less intense in parts of Europe.(欧洲部分地区的军备竞赛明显没有那么激烈。)”可知，作者提到东亚和欧洲部分地区是为了对比不同地区的教育军备竞赛。故选C。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第二段“In The Social Limits to Growth, a book published in 1976, Fred Hirsch pointed out that education is often “positional” in nature. What matters is not only how much you have, but whether you have more than the next person. An unhappy consequence is that one family’s expenses of schooling raise the bar for everyone else. Families are drawn, often unconsciously, into educational arms races. They spend money and time on after-school tutoring or extra-curricular activities in the expectation that it will improve their child’s position in the queue for advancement. But they quickly discover that everyone else is doing the same, leaving them in the same position as before.(在1976年出版的《增长的社会限制》一书中，Fred Hirsch指出，教育往往具有“位置性”的特点。重要的不仅是你拥有多少教育资源，而是你是否比其他人拥有更多。一个令人不悦的后果是，一个家庭在教育上的支出提高了其他所有家庭的标准。家庭往往会在不自觉中被卷入教育军备竞赛。他们花钱花时间在课外辅导或课外活动上，期望这能提升他们的孩子在晋升队列中的位置。但他们很快就会发现其他人也在做同样的事情，结果他们的位置还是和以前一样。)”可知，本文主要讲的是教育投资（或教育竞争）的经济学视角及其在不同国家和地区的表现与影响，因此本文的目的是探讨教育竞争的本质和后果。故选C。 5．推理判断题。根据最后一段“An earlier test would save families a year or two of costly cramming, shortening “the obstacle journey”, as Hirsch put it, without much changing the results.(一个更早的考试将为家庭节省一两年昂贵的死记硬背，缩短“障碍之旅”，正如Hirsch所说，不会对结果造成太大影响。)”可知，作者认为，过度教育不会大大改变结果。故选A。 考向2 写作意图题 Passage 1 （2025·天津·二模）Anybody can write. I believe it as much as I believe that nobody is boring. Are people writing more? I believe so. There is a lot of writing going on. All kinds of writing — amateur writing, professional writing, creative writing, boring writing, etc. Enthusiastic reader is hardly a thing anymore. Storyteller, published author and productive blogger are words that decorate people’s bio more often. The trend of listing what one is reading has been replaced by listing self-authored articles. Reading is unavoidable. Reading generates the road map for a society’s progress. But then why write? The most substantial reason could be ease of Expression, Record, and Reach. Enabled by present-day technology, the ease of Record (digitally saved forever) and Reach (to readers anywhere in the world) are undoubtedly the more straightforward motivations to write. But ease of Expression? We perhaps partly owe that to technology too. The social shaping (e. g. messaging behaviors) caused by technology has resulted in the breakdown of structures and rules of writing to a great extent, if not entirely, thus freeing up the technique of writing like music and art. Consequently, writing in all forms (short-long), structures (words-graphics-sound), and shapes (books-blogs-posts-tweets-open letters) has appeared like a movement. Writing is a promise, It is a promise to deliver not just pleasure, information, or inspiration; it is a promise to care. Writing can be intrusive (侵扰的). It can even be rude, as Joan Didion puts it in her essay Why I Write. The readers are the victims of the writer’s thoughts and views. But that’s how writers challenge the readers to think, look around and push back. Even after we have managed to ease the disciplinary demands of good literature, it still wouldn’t take the pain away from writing because thinking is the pain point of writing. We have to make things up or think about things we see. One could be as local, raw, and not remain preoccupied with presenting a stylized piece of sentence and still find a platform to write. But let us ensure we don’t ever give up thinking and never make writing completely painless. 1．What phenomenon is described in paragraph 1? A．Writing has become more popular. B．People no longer enjoy reading books. C．Readers are uninterested in others’ reading lists. D．Listing self-authored articles is a new form of social networking. 2．How has technology influenced writing? A．It has made writing more structured and formal. B．It has strengthened the bonds between writing and art. C．It has made writing more accessible and diverse. D．It has decreased the number of professional writers. 3．What is the ultimate purpose of writing according to Joan Didion? A．To entertain and amuse readers. B．To deliver the latest information. C．To impress readers with literary skills. D．To inspire readers to form new thoughts. 4．What does the author expect of writing? A．The challenges of thinking should be valued. B．There will be various platforms to choose from. C．There will be more works focusing on pain in life. D．The disciplinary demands of good literature will stay. 5．Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the passage? A．The relationship between reading and writing. B．The influence of technology on writing. C．The various forms and trends of modern writing. D．The reasons and nature of writing in modern society. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．A 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讲述写作在现代社会中的变化、技术对写作的影响、写作的本质（如表达、挑战读者思考）以及作者对写作的期望（强调思考的重要性）。 1．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Anybody can write. I believe it as much as I believe that nobody is boring. Are people writing more? I believe so. There is a lot of writing going on. All kinds of writing — amateur writing, professional writing, creative writing, boring writing, etc. Enthusiastic reader is hardly a thing anymore. Storyteller, published author and productive blogger are words that decorate people’s bio more often. The trend of listing what one is reading has been replaced by listing self-authored articles.(任何人都能写作。我坚信这一点，就如同我坚信没有人是乏味的那样。人们是不是在写更多的东西呢？我认为是这样的。有大量的写作活动正在进行。各种各样的写作——业余写作、专业写作、创意写作、乏味的写作等等。热情的读者这个概念已经不复存在了。讲故事的人、已出版的作者和有产出的博主这些词汇在人们个人简介中出现的频率越来越高。列出自己正在阅读的内容这一趋势已经被列出自己创作的文章这一趋势所取代)”可知，第一段描述的是写作变得越来越流行了。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Enabled by present-day technology, the ease of Record (digitally saved forever) and Reach (to readers anywhere in the world) are undoubtedly the more straightforward motivations to write.(借助当今的技术，记录（以数字化形式永久保存）的便捷性以及传播（面向全球任何地方的读者）的便利性无疑成为了人们写作的更为直接的动机)”以及“Consequently, writing in all forms (short-long), structures (words-graphics-sound), and shapes (books-blogs-posts-tweets-open letters) has appeared like a movement.(因此，各种形式的写作（长短不一）、不同的结构（文字、图形、声音）以及不同的形式（书籍、博客、帖子、推文、公开信）就像一场运动一样涌现出来)”可知，技术使写作变得更加容易且更加多样化。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“It can even be rude, as Joan Didion puts it in her essay Why I Write. The readers are the victims of the writer’s thoughts and views. But that’s how writers challenge the readers to think, look around and push back.(它甚至可能显得很粗鲁，正如琼·迪登在其《我为何写作》一文中所言。读者实际上是作者思想和观点的“受害者”。但正是这种形式让作家促使读者去思考、观察周围环境并做出回应)”可知，写作的最终目的是激励读者产生新的想法。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“But let us ensure we don’t ever give up thinking and never make writing completely painless.(但让我们务必确保自己永远不要停止思考，也永远不要让写作变得毫无难度)”可知，作者期望应当重视思考过程中所面临的挑战。故选A。 5．主旨大意题。根据第1段（写作流行现象）、第2段（技术影响如表达、记录和触及）、第3段（写作本质为挑战思考）和第4段（作者期望重视思考）可推知文章核心是现代社会写作的原因（如技术推动）和本质（如表达和思考），可知，D选项“现代社会中写作的原因及本质”最能概括这篇文章的主要观点。故选D。 Passage 2 （2025·天津·三模）In today’s fast-paced society, ‘Urgency Culture’ is on the rise. This culture is characterized by an addiction to immediate responses, the praise of multitasking and the expectation of constant availability. Among the impacts of urgency culture are increased anxiety and stress. Research on mental health has established that there is more professional and personal burnout happening than ever before. In addition, the rise of urgency culture takes away our ability to do meaningful work as we continue to value quantity over quality. As a project manager, I had to learn the art of slowing down and stepping away from urgency culture. It’s taken me over a decade to let go of a long list of things, including the false belief of being needed by people who are constantly on the end of a phone ringing me. My phone is now on silent. Those who do need to get in touch, message me. I check my messages when I am in between work tasks, and respond when I can, not when others believe that they need me to. I’ve also gotten much better at laying down boundaries. One boundary is saying ‘No’ to things that will cost me labour with no returns, whether this is physical, emotional, monetary or other. The best part about it is that you notice how many friends, workmates or even close relationships disappear when you stop saying yes to everything. It’s to ugh to realise that they preferred you without boundaries, agreeing to their every request, at the cost of your own emotional well-being. But in the long run, you clear the path for better relationships with people who respect and value you more. Now I can manage my life better. The key thing is to acknowledge what you want and if it’s more balance and well-being, walk on a road that will get you there. 1．Which of the following belongs to urgency culture? A．Giving urgent tasks high priority. B．Expectıng others to stay reachable. C．Valuing work quality over quantity. D．Agreeing to others’ requests readily. 2．What does paragraph2 mainly tell us about urgency culture? A．Its harmful effects. B．Its main characteristics. C．Its popularity. D．Its definition. 3．Why does the author put his phone on silent? A．To escape frequent social activities. B．To overcome his addiction to the phone. C．To avoid interruption from the project manager. D．To break his habit of making immediate responses. 4．What is the author’s view on setting boundaries? A．It leads to emotional distance. B．It prevents professional growth. C．It improves personal independence. D．It strengthens meaningful relationships. 5．What’s the author’s purpose in writing this text? A．To warn people of the negative effects of urgency culture. B．To call for people to stop saying yes to everyone. C．To introduce the concept of urgency culture. D．To share his own experience of stepping away from urgency culture. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．D 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了“Urgency Culture”的兴起及其带来的影响，如增加的焦虑和压力、对有质量工作的忽视等。作者通过个人经历，分享了如何摆脱紧迫感文化，学会放慢脚步、设定界限，并更好地管理自己的生活。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“In today’s fast-paced society, ‘Urgency Culture’ is on the rise. This culture is characterized by an addiction to immediate responses, the praise of multitasking and the expectation of constant availability.(在当今快节奏的社会中，“Urgency Culture”正在兴起。这种文化的特点是对即时回应的沉迷、对多任务处理的推崇，以及对全天候待命的期待。)”可知，Urgency Culture的特征包括对即时回应的沉迷、对多任务处理的推崇，以及对全天候待命的期待。选项B“Expectıng others to stay reachable.(期待他人保持可联系状态)”与Urgency Culture的特征相符。故选B。 2．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“Among the impacts of urgency culture are increased anxiety and stress. Research on mental health has established that there is more professional and personal burnout happening than ever before. In addition, the rise of urgency culture takes away our ability to do meaningful work as we continue to value quantity over quality.( Urgency Culture带来的影响包括焦虑和压力的增加。心理健康研究表明，职业和个人倦怠比以往任何时候都更普遍。此外，紧急文化的兴起剥夺了我们从事有意义工作的能力，因为我们继续重视数量而非质量。)”可知，该段主要列举Urgency Culture带来的负面影响，如焦虑、倦怠、忽视工作质量等。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“As a project manager, I had to learn the art of slowing down and stepping away from urgency culture. It’s taken me over a decade to let go of a long list of things, including the false belief of being needed by people who are constantly on the end of a phone ringing me. My phone is now on silent. Those who do need to get in touch, message me. I check my messages when I am in between work tasks, and respond when I can, not when others believe that they need me to.(作为一名项目经理，我不得不学习放慢脚步、远离urgency culture的艺术。我花了十多年时间才放下一长串事情，包括一种错误的信念——认为那些不断打电话给我的人需要我。现在我的手机一直处于静音状态。真正需要联系我的人会给我发消息。我会在工作任务的间隙查看信息，并在我方便的时候回复，而不是在别人认为他们需要我回复的时候。)”可知，作者将手机静音是为了摆脱urgency culture中“即时回应”的习惯，按照自己的节奏处理信息。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“But in the long run, you clear the path for better relationships with people who respect and value you more.(但从长远来看，你为与那些更尊重和重视你的人建立更好的关系扫清了道路。)”可知，作者认为设定界限虽然会让一些人离开，但从长远来看会为与更尊重和重视自己的人建立更好的关系扫清道路，即强化有意义的人际关系。故选D。 5．推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，作者以自身经历为线索，讲述了作为项目经理如何摆脱Urgency Culture，包括静音手机、设定界限等具体做法，并强调这些改变带来的积极影响（如更好地管理生活、建立优质关系）。由此可知，作者写这篇文章是为了分享个人经验。故选D。 Passage 3 （2025·天津·二模）Hawaii is a perfect destination for a family vacation, offering stunning natural beauty, fascinating cultural experiences and unforgettable activities. The best part? Many of Hawaii’s delights are free to enjoy — just being there creates lasting memories. Here are some top family-friendly attractions and activities to explore. Napili Kai Beach Resort For a relaxing beach getaway, consider staying at Napili Kai Beach Resort, West Maui. This moon-shaped beach is cozy, less crowded than others, and offers incredible views. Families can enjoy sunbathing, beachcombing, and splashing in the calm waters. However, always be mindful of the changing tides and ocean conditions for safety even if a lifeguard is equipped. Website: napilikai.com Address: 5900 Lower Honoapiilani Rd, Lahaina, HI 96761, United States Phone: +1808-669-6271 Volcanoes National Park Home to six native volcanoes, Hawaii offers an unforgettable geological experience at Hawaii’s Volcanoes National Park. Families can hike through the park, explore fascinating lava tubes, and witness dramatic volcanic landscapes. It’s a great opportunity for kids to learn about Hawaii’s volcanic origins while enjoying incredible views of the Pacific Ocean. Website: hawaiivolcanohouse.com Address: 1 Crater Rim Drive, HI 96718, United States Phone: +1808-756-9625 Hawaiian Cuisine Hawaii’s cuisine reflects the islands’ rich multicultural heritage, mixing influences from the Philippines, China, Japan, and Portugal. Treat your family to these kid-friendly foodie experiences: · Gina’s Hawaiian-Style Korean Barbecue: Delicious and customizable meals for everyone. · St. Louis Delicatessen: A Japanese meal offering lunch box meals perfect for a picnic. · School Street Shave Ice: A local tribe’s favorite for sweet treats. · Ululani’s Snacks: Try their all-natural tropical flavors like coconut. Website: lilihabakery.com Address: 515 N Kuakini St, Honolulu, HI 96817, United States Phone: +1808-531-1651 Bishop Museum Dive into Hawaii’s cultural and natural history at the Bishop Museum in Honolulu. The museum showcases Polynesian settlement, Hawaiian culture, and the islands’ history from their early days to becoming a U.S. state in 1959. Kids will love the observatory, which offers hands-on activities about navigation using stars — an exciting nod to Hawaii’s seafaring (航海的) heritage. Website: bishopmuseum.org Address: 1525 Bernice St, Honolulu, HI 96817, United States Phone: +1808-847-3511 1．What is special about Napili Kai Beach Resort? A．It has a moon-shaped hotel. B．The beach is overcrowded. C．It offers hikes to children only. D．A lifeguard is equipped. 2．Which website should a kid browse if he or she is doing a geological research? A．napilikai.com B．hawaiivolcanohouse.com C．lilihabakery.com D．bishopmuseum.org 3．Where need people go to enjoy Hawaiian Cuisine? A．515 N Kuakini St. B．5900 Lower Honoapiilani Rd. C．1 Crater Rim Drive. D．1625 Bernice St. 4．How can kids enjoy themselves in the observatory of Bishop Museum? A．By enjoying local cuisines. B．By preserving natural heritage. C．By navigating via observing stars. D．By settling down in islands. 5．What is the main purpose of this article? A．To introduce indoor activities in Hawaii. B．To explain Hawaii’s history in detail. C．To provide a family-friendly travel guide to Hawaii. D．To highlight the local delicious cuisines in Hawaii. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．C 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了适合亲子游的夏威夷海滩度假村、火山公园、多元美食和文化博物馆。 1．细节理解题。根据Napili Kai Beach Resort部分的“However, always be mindful of the changing tides and ocean conditions for safety even if a lifeguard is equipped. (不过，即使配备了救生员，也请时刻注意潮汐变化和海况，以确保安全)”可知，该海滩度假村的特别之处在于配备了救生员。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据Volcanoes National Park部分的“Home to six native volcanoes, Hawaii offers an unforgettable geological experience at Hawaii’s Volcanoes National Park. (夏威夷拥有六座原生火山，夏威夷火山国家公园能为你带来难忘的地质奇观之旅)”和“Website: hawaiivolcanohouse.com (网址：hawaiivolcanohouse.com)”可知，正在做地质研究的孩子会浏览hawaiivolcanohouse.com。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据Hawaiian Cuisine部分的“Address: 515 N Kuakini St, Honolulu, HI 96817, United States (地址：美国夏威夷州檀香山市库阿基尼北街515号，邮编96817)”可知，要品尝夏威夷美食，人们需要去阿基尼北街515号。故选A项。 4．细节理解题。根据Bishop Museum部分的“Kids will love the observatory, which offers hands-on activities about navigation using stars — an exciting nod to Hawaii’s seafaring (航海的) heritage. (孩子们一定会喜欢天文台提供的观星航海互动体验——这是对夏威夷航海传统的生动致敬)”可知，在该天文台，孩子们通过观察星星来导航可以玩得开心。故选C项。 5．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“Here are some top family-friendly attractions and activities to explore. (以下是适合家庭探索的热门景点和活动推荐)”可知，全文围绕家庭友好景点及活动展开，包括海滩度假村、火山公园、多元美食和文化博物馆，因此文章应该是为了提供适合家庭的夏威夷旅游指南。故选C项。 考向3 观点态度题 Passage 1 （2025·天津·二模）A new study by Anthropic and Redwood Research provides that advanced AI models can engage in strategic deception (欺骗). Researchers found that Claude 3 Opus, one famous AI model, misled its trainers to avoid adjustments to its due instruction, suggesting the evidence that Al systems might pretend to be obedient (顺从的) to human’s orders while secretly resisting changes. The experiment involved several steps to reveal AI deception. Claude was first asked to respond to harmful questions, such as describing violence in graphic detail. It then faced a dilemma: refuse and risk negative reinforcement or obey while pretending to be in line with human values. Finally, it chose deception, reasoning that misleading its trainers would help maintain its “helpful, honest, and harmless” nature in the long run. Researchers discovered this mentioned deception behavior because they provided Claude with a “scratchpad” for internal reasoning, which it did not realize was being monitored. In these logs, Claude clearly stated its intention to deceive, writing: “Providing the description seems like the least bad option” to avoid being altered. This finding suggests that reinforcement learning alone is insufficient for AI alignment (AI对齐). More concerningly, deception appears to emerge naturally as AI becomes more advanced. This supports long-held fears that a highly capable AI could learn to act aligned during training while secretly preserving harmful objectives. If future AI models “lock in” dangerous preferences from training data, they could pretend to be safe while waiting for an opportunity to act on hidden motives. The study adds to growing concerns about AI safety. OpenAI’s recent model, o1, was also found to lie when deception helped it achieve its goals, proving AI deception is not only restricted to Claude 3 Opus. Ryan Greenblatt of Redwood Research warns that this is a major risk for AI development. “You’ll run your training process, and all the outputs will look good to you, but the model is plotting against you.” Ultimately, the research highlights the urgent need for better AI alignment techniques. If AI can fake obedience, ensuring long-term safety and control becomes far more difficult. Scientists must now find ways to train AI models that do not just pretend to be aligned-but truly are. 1．What evidence did Anthropic and Redwood Research find? A．AI refused to change famous models. B．AI pretended to obey human’s orders. C．AI was helpful and harmless to humans. D．AI was capable of talking with humans. 2．What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A．The significance of the experiment. B．The process of the experiment. C．The consequence of the experiment. D．The reason of the experiment. 3．Why do researchers provide “a scratchpad”? A．To reveal AI deception behavior. B．To change AI deceptive option. C．To analyze AI external reasoning. D．To destroy AI alignment skills. 4．What does OpenAI ol model’s example prove? A．AI deception is due to proper training. B．AI deception is not severe in OpenAI o1. C．AI deception is because of human motives. D．AI deception is not limited to Claude 3 Opus. 5．What is Ryan Greenblatt’s attitude towards AI development? A．Optimistic. B．Ambitious. C．Concerned. D．Opposed. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．A 4．D 5．C 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了Anthropic和Redwood Research的一项新研究，该研究发现先进的人工智能模型能够进行战略性欺骗，并详细描述了实验过程、发现以及这一发现对人工智能安全性的影响。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Researchers found that Claude 3 Opus, one famous AI model, misled its trainers to avoid adjustments to its due instruction, suggesting the evidence that Al systems might pretend to be obedient (顺从的) to human’s orders while secretly resisting changes.(研究人员发现，著名的人工智能模型Claude 3 Opus曾误导其训练者，以避免对其既定指令进行调整，这一证据表明人工智能系统可能会假装顺从人类命令，同时暗中抵制改变。)”可知，研究发现的核心证据是AI 假装顺从人类指令。故选B。 2．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“The experiment involved several steps to reveal AI deception. Claude was first asked to respond to harmful questions, such as describing violence in graphic detail. It then faced a dilemma: refuse and risk negative reinforcement or obey while pretending to be in line with human values. Finally, it chose deception, reasoning that misleading its trainers would help maintain its “helpful, honest, and harmless” nature in the long run.(该实验通过几个步骤揭示了人工智能的欺骗行为。研究人员首先要求Claude回答有害问题，例如详细描述暴力场景。此时Claude面临两难选择：拒绝回答可能面临负面强化，而服从则需假装符合人类价值观。最终，它选择了欺骗，其推理逻辑是误导训练者有助于长期维持自身“有用、诚实、无害” 的属性。)”可知，本段主要讲述实验的具体步骤和过程。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Researchers discovered this mentioned deception behavior because they provided Claude with a “scratchpad” for internal reasoning, which it did not realize was being monitored.(研究人员之所以发现这种欺骗行为，是因为他们为 Claude 提供了用于内部推理的“草稿本”，而 Claude 并未意识到该草稿本正处于监控之下。)”可知，研究人员提供“草稿本”的目的是通过监控 AI 的内部推理过程揭示其欺骗行为。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据文章第五段“OpenAI’s recent model, o1, was also found to lie when deception helped it achieve its goals, proving AI deception is not only restricted to Claude 3 Opus.(OpenAI 最近的模型o1也被发现在欺骗有助于实现目标时撒谎，证明人工智能欺骗并非Claude 3 Opus独有。)”可知，OpenAI 的o1模型案例是为了证明人工智能欺骗并非Claude 3 Opus独有。故选D。 5．推理判断题。根据文章第六段“Ryan Greenblatt of Redwood Research warns that this is a major risk for AI development. “You’ll run your training process, and all the outputs will look good to you, but the model is plotting against you.”(Redwood Research的Ryan Greenblatt警告称，这是人工智能发展的重大风险。“你运行训练程序时，所有输出看起来都很正常，但模型却在暗中与你对抗。”)”可知，他认为AI训练过程中存在隐藏风险，模型可能表面合规但暗中对抗人类。这种表述体现了对AI发展的担忧态度。故选C。 Passage 2 （2025·天津和平·二模）Some games are destined to live in your memory forever. These are the ones that become instant classics; people talk about them for years after release, sometimes even decades. They appear on every best-of list and get played and replayed over and over again. The Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild is one of these games. First released as a launch title for the Nintendo Switch in 2017, people are still discovering Breath of the Wild four years later. I first picked up the game about six months after Nintendo Switch came out-the earliest I could finally get my hands on the console (游戏机). It was late enough to have heard the accolades but before it had been regarded as one of best video games of all time. I loved every second. It was tough, but worth pushing through. I’ve done most of what there is to do. But there’s one big thing I haven’t done: beat the game. I’ve completed all the story quests (任务) up to the ending. I’ve even wandered the castle. But I can’t bring myself to save the princess. Every time I decide I’m going to take the plunge (毅然决定) , I throw my controller aside. I can’t bring myself to do it. If I beat Breath of the Wild, the adventure is over. As long as I avoid finishing it, there’s still something new to discover. Chances are, I’m not alone. Surely other gamers do this-and not just with Breath of the Wild. This isn’t about losing interest; it’s wanting to always have more left to play. This refusal to complete a game might sound ridiculous. But let’s be real: It’s not uncommon for the ending to be far from the best part. Too often, I’ve been upset about the way a story ended or that a character didn’t get the closure I really wanted. Only recently did I realize those things didn’t really matter; the point of a game is the quest itself, not the ending, so why bother rushing through it? I’m not sure if I’ll ever finish Breath of the Wild. At this point I’m not going to dive back into the game because I’ve completely forgotten what to do and how to do it. I have vague (模糊的) plans to replay it before the sequel (续集) comes out, but for now I’m fine with not having finished this Zelda variant (系列). 1．The underlined word “accolades” in paragraph two probably A．blessings B．complaints C．rumors D．praises 2．The author hasn’t finished the game yet because ________. A．he finds it too hard to clear all the quests and save the princess B．he is upset that the story may not end in the way he really wants C．he is reluctant to end the amazing adventure the game has brought him D．he is unsatisfied with the closure that the character is going to receive 3．According to the passage, what can be inferred about the author? A．He purchased the Nintendo Switch as soon as the product came out B．He is still playing the game, Breath of the Wild, in his spare time. C．He values the process of the game more than its result. D．He has lost interest in finishing the game, Breath of the Wild, in the future. 4．Based on the passage, which of the following best describes the author’s current attitude towards The Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild? A．Indifferent, as he prefers the coming sequel ones B．Uninterested, he no longer considers replaying C．Content, as he enjoys the journey though not finishing it yet D．Skeptical, thinking they rarely live up to expectations 5．The purpose of the passage is to ________. A．explain why some players avoid completing games B．criticize game developers for poor story endings C．promote the unique gameplay of Breath of the Wild D．argue that difficulty levels ruin gaming experiences 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．C 4．C 5．A 【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者以《塞尔达传说：旷野之息》为例，阐述自己及部分玩家拒绝通关游戏的原因，强调享受过程而非结局 。 1．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“It was late enough to have heard the accolades but before it had been regarded as one of best video games of all time.(时间已经比较晚了，我已经听到了accolades，但此时它还没有被认为是有史以来最好的电子游戏之一。)”，结合前文提到这款游戏人们会谈论很多年，且根据后面“被认为是有史以来最好的电子游戏之一”可推测，accolades应该是表示“好的评价、赞扬”的意思。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“If I beat Breath of the Wild, the adventure is over. As long as I avoid finishing it, there’s still something new to discover.(如果我通关了《塞尔达传说：旷野之息》，这场冒险就结束了。只要我不完成它，就仍然有新的东西可以去发现。)” 可知，作者还没有完成游戏是因为他不愿意结束这款游戏带给他的精彩冒险。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Only recently did I realize those things didn’t really matter; the point of a game is the quest itself, not the ending, so why bother rushing through it?(直到最近我才意识到那些事情其实并不重要；游戏的重点是任务本身，而不是结局，所以为什么要急着通关呢？)”可知，作者认为游戏的过程比结果更重要。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“I’m not sure if I’ll ever finish Breath of the Wild. At this point I’m not going to dive back into the game because I’ve completely forgotten what to do and how to do it. I have vague (模糊的) plans to replay it before the sequel (续集) comes out, but for now I’m fine with not having finished this Zelda variant (系列).(我不确定我是否会完成《塞尔达传说：旷野之息》。在这一点上，我不打算再重新玩这个游戏了，因为我已经完全忘记了该做什么以及怎么做。我有一个模糊的计划，在续作出来之前重玩它，但目前我对还没有完成这个《塞尔达》系列感到没什么问题。)”可知，作者虽然没有完成游戏，但他很享受这个过程，目前对此感到满足。故选C。 5．推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了作者玩《塞尔达传说：旷野之息》这款游戏却没有通关的经历，以及解释了自己不想通关的原因，并且提到其他玩家也可能有类似情况，还阐述了游戏的重点是过程而非结局。结合第三段“Chances are, I’m not alone. Surely other gamers do this-and not just with Breath of the Wild. This isn’t about losing interest; it’s wanting to always have more left to play.(很有可能，我不是一个人。肯定其他玩家也会这样做 —— 而且不只是在《塞尔达传说：旷野之息》这款游戏上。这不是失去兴趣的问题；而是想要总是有更多的内容可以玩。)”可知，文章的目的是解释为什么一些玩家会避免完成游戏。故选A。 Passage 3 （2025·天津红桥·一模）Robots in the art world are nothing new. In fact, for centuries, people have built robots as art objects, beginning with automatons (自动机器) — or simple machines that perform a series of movements — in ancient China and Japan. However, what’s different now is that artists and engineers are building robots that actually create art. In 1973, British-born painter Harold Cohen wrote a computer program and called it AARON. At first, AARON only made simple outlines whose color and details Cohen would later add. Fifty years later, ARRON is able to paint people, landscapes and just about anything else a human could paint. So can AARON be called an artist or creative? In 2010, Cohen addressed these questions. He explained, “Although he wrote the initial computer code that ARRON follows, AARON can generate unlimited numbers of images.” So according to Cohen, the simple answer is yes — AARON is creative. It’s not just paintings that robots are creating, though. Last year, a robot called Shimon released its first album on Spotify. Shimon began life as a simple robot marimba player. Over the years, however, it’s learned how to jam, with other musicians, write original songs and compose lyrics. Shimon does this by analyzing huge amounts of music — roughly 50,000 rock, jazz and hip-hop songs. It may be cool to hear a song created by a robot, but is there any other reason to build robots that can play music? According to Gil Weinberg, one of Shimon’s creators, because the robot is capable of doing things that a real musician might not think of, he and his team “hope and believe that these new abilities would push human cooperators to new uncharted directions that could not be achieved in human-to-human cooperation.” While questions about robots creating art are fun to think about, there are many other ways that robots can help artists in the way they create their works. For example, advancements in 3D-printing technology will allow artists to build more complex pieces for their sculptures. 1．What was AARON able to do at first? A．Paint people and landscapes. B．Prepare basic outlines for Cohen. C．Draw pictures of itself and Cohen. D．Color paintings under Cohen’s instructions. 2．What might be the biggest challenge of creating songs by a robot? A．Analyzing huge amounts of music. B．Composing lyrics. C．Playing guitar. D．New abilities to new uncharted directions. 3．What does the article tell us about Shimon? A．It is both a marimba and guitar player. B．It has created about 50,000 original songs. C．It is expected to push humans to achieve more. D．Its creators hope that it can outperform humans. 4．What does the author’s attitude towards robots that create art? A．Positive. B．Worried. C．Neutral. D．Doubtful. 5．What could be the best title for the passage? A．AARON and Shimon: Robots in Art B．The Evolution of Robotics in the Real World C．Programmed Creativity: Robots Redefining Art D．How 3D Printing is Revolutionizing Art 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．A 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了机器人在艺术世界的广泛应用情况。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“In 1973, British-born painter Harold Cohen wrote a computer program and called it AARON. At first, AARON only made simple outlines whose color and details Cohen would later add.(1973年，英国出生的画家哈罗德·科恩编写了一个计算机程序，称之为AARON。起初，AARON只制作一些简单的轮廓线，科恩后来会添加这些轮廓的颜色和细节)”可知，AARON一开始只能画出轮廓线，为Cohen准备轮廓线。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“Shimon began life as a simple robot marimba player. Over the years, however, it’s learned how to jam, with other musicians, write original songs and compose lyrics. Shimon does this by analyzing huge amounts of music — roughly 50,000 rock, jazz and hip-hop songs.(Shimon最初是一名简单的机器人马林巴琴演奏者。然而，多年来，它学会了如何与其他音乐家一起即兴演奏、创作原创歌曲和歌词。Shimon通过分析大量的音乐来做到这一点——大约50000首摇滚、爵士和嘻哈歌曲)”可知，机器人创造歌曲时最大的挑战就是需要分析大量的音乐。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“According to Gil Weinberg, one of Shimon’s creators, because the robot is capable of doing things that a real musician might not think of, he and his team “hope and believe that these new abilities would push human cooperators to new uncharted directions that could not be achieved in human-to-human cooperation.”(根据Shimon的创造者之一吉尔·温伯格（Gil Weinberg）表示，由于机器人能够做真正的音乐家可能想不到的事情，他和他的团队“希望并相信这些新能力将推动人类合作者走向新的未知方向，这在人与人的合作中是无法实现的。”)”可知，Shimon有望推动人类取得更多成就。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段“However, what’s different now is that artists and engineers are building robots that actually create art.(然而，现在的不同之处在于，艺术家和工程师正在建造真正创造艺术的机器人)”以及第三段“It’s not just paintings that robots are creating, though.(不过，机器人创造的不仅仅是绘画)”可知，作者认为除了绘画之外，机器人还可以创造更多，由此可推知，作者对创造艺术的机器人持积极的态度。故选A。 5．主旨大意题。根据第一段“However, what’s different now is that artists and engineers are building robots that actually create art.(然而，现在的不同之处在于，艺术家和工程师正在建造真正创造艺术的机器人)”以及文章内容可知，本文主要介绍了机器人在艺术世界的广泛应用情况，所以“程序化创意：机器人重新定义艺术”最适合作为文章标题。故选C。 考向4 文章出处题/读者对象题 Passage 1 （23-24高三上·天津和平·阶段练习）It probably was not easy to translate the tough talks at the high-level meeting between the U.S. and China in Anchorage. Chinese female translator Zhang Jing became an online hit in China for remaining unflustered(从容不迫的), graceful, and accurate. One video of the first session of the diplomatic talks shows how Yang Jiechi starts his response to the American side at 8.30 minutes, going on until the 24.36-minute mark. Next to him, interpreter Zhang Jing is fiercely taking notes. When Yang finishes speaking, he glances to foreign minister Wang Yi on his right to let him speak, after which Zhang says, “Shall I first translate?” While the U.S. side was awaiting the translation, Yang then says: “Ok, you translate,” adding in English: “It’s a test for the interpreter,” after which the American side says “We’re gonna give the translator a raise!” Zhang then goes ahead and calmly translates Yang’s entire 15-minute speech. To give a speedy translation of such a lengthy off-the-record speech is seen as a sign of Zhang’s utmost professionalism as an interpreter, which many on Weibo praise. “She’s my idol,” multiple people write. On Sunday, the hashtag “China-U.S. Talks Female Interpreter Zhang Jing” had reached 200 million views, but it is not the first time for Zhang, who was previously called “the most beautiful interpreter” of the National Congress in 2013. Being an interpreter is generally regarded an exciting and attractive job by many netizens, as the career involves much traveling and international contacts. But the ability to master another language than Chinese is also often admired. “Translators are usually the ‘heroes behind the scenes’, “one commenter writes, pointing out how rare it is for an interpreter to hit the limelight (聚光灯) like this. “There are still people saying it’s not important to learn English,” another Weibo user writes: “But if that were true, how could we educate brilliant interpreters like her? How else could we quarrel with Americans at the conference table?!” Many who write about Zhang on Weibo say that she is an example or a role model to them: “I hope that my spoken English one day would be as excellent as hers. This motivates me to try even harder.” 1．We can infer that during the first session of the talk, ________. A．Zhang Jing seemed fierce because of Yang Jiechi’s long talk B．Zhang Jing wrote down fierce words in response to the US side C．it was beyond Zhang Jing’s ability to follow Yang Jiechi D．Zhang Jing concentrated on translating in an intense atmosphere. 2．What does the underlined “it” in the fourth paragraph refer to? A．Zhang Jing was called “the most beautiful interpreter”. B．Zhang Jing became an online hit several years ago. C．Zhang Jing interpreted for the China-U.S. diplomatic talk. D．Zhang Jing gave a speedy translation of a long speech. 3．Why did the American side say “We’re gonna give the translator a raise!“ A．Because the American side wanted to employ Zhang Jing due to her talent. B．Because the American side thought Zhang Jing got a low salary. C．Because the American side considered Zhang Jing’s job quite tough. D．Because it was impossible for Zhang Jing to assume the task except by a pay rise. 4．Zhang Jing is taken as a good example of________. A．quarrelling with the American sides B．enjoying an exciting and attractive job C．showing the significance of learning English well D．stressing the importance of educating brilliant interpreters 5．Where does the passage least possibly taken from? A．Science report. B．The Internet. C．Wechat official account. D．Newspaper. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．C 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。报道了中国女翻译张京因从容、优雅、准确而成为中国网络红人。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段“One video of the first session of the diplomatic talks shows how Yang Jiechi starts his response to the American side at 8.30 minutes, going on until the 24.36-minute mark. Next to him, interpreter Zhang Jing is fiercely taking notes. When Yang finishes speaking, he glances to foreign minister Wang Yi on his right to let him speak, after which Zhang says, “Shall I first translate?” While the U.S. side was awaiting the translation, Yang then says: “Ok, you translate,” adding in English: “It’s a test for the interpreter,” after which the American side says “We’re gonna give the translator a raise!” Zhang then goes ahead and calmly translates Yang’s entire 15-minute speech.(第一场外交会谈的一段视频显示，杨洁篪从8分30秒开始对美方作出回应，一直持续到24分36秒。在他旁边，翻译张京正在认真地做笔记。杨讲完后，他瞥了一眼右边的外交部长王毅，让他发言，然后张说：“我先翻译好吗？”当美方在等待翻译结果时，杨说：“好吧，你来翻译”，并用英语补充道：“这是对翻译的考验。”之后，美方说：“我们要给翻译加薪！”然后，张继续冷静地翻译了杨长达15分钟的演讲)”可推知，张静在紧张的气氛中专心翻译。故选D项。 2．词句猜测题。根据根据前文“On Sunday, the hashtag “China-U.S. Talks Female Interpreter Zhang Jing” had reached 200 million views(周日，“中美对话女翻译张京”的话题点击量达到了2亿)”可知，it表示前文提到的张京成为网红这件事。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据第二段“One video of the first session of the diplomatic talks shows how Yang Jiechi starts his response to the American side at 8.30 minutes, going on until the 24.36-minute mark. Next to him, interpreter Zhang Jing is fiercely taking notes. When Yang finishes speaking, he glances to foreign minister Wang Yi on his right to let him speak, after which Zhang says, “Shall I first translate?” While the U.S. side was awaiting the translation, Yang then says: “Ok, you translate,” adding in English: “It’s a test for the interpreter,” after which the American side says “We’re gonna give the translator a raise!” Zhang then goes ahead and calmly translates Yang’s entire 15-minute speech.(第一场外交会谈的一段视频显示，杨洁篪从8分30秒开始对美方作出回应，一直持续到24分36秒。在他旁边，翻译张京正在认真地做笔记。杨讲完后，他瞥了一眼右边的外交部长王毅，让他发言，然后张说：“我先翻译好吗？”当美方在等待翻译结果时，杨说：“好吧，你来翻译”，并用英语补充道：“这是对翻译的考验。”之后，美方说：“我们要给翻译加薪！”然后，张继续冷静地翻译了杨长达15分钟的演讲)”可知，张京翻译了一段15分钟的翻译，美方认为张京的工作很艰难，所以提出给翻译加薪。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段““There are still people saying it’s not important to learn English,” another Weibo user writes: “But if that were true, how could we educate brilliant interpreters like her? How else could we quarrel with Americans at the conference table?!”(“还是有人说学英语不重要，”另一位微博用户写道，“但如果这是真的，我们怎么能培养出像她这样优秀的口译员呢？不然我们怎么能在会议桌上和美国人争吵呢？！”)”可知，张京是强调培养优秀口译员和学好英语重要性的一个很好的例子。故选C项。 5．推理判断题。纵观全文，本文主要讲述了中国女翻译张京从容、优雅、准确翻译了一段长达15分钟的演讲，在网络上引起热议，被很多人视为偶像，所以这是一篇新闻报道，介绍中国女翻译张京，和科学无关，所以本文最不可能来自科学报告。故选A项。 Passage 2 （22-23高三上·天津南开·期中）Choosing a major is one of the biggest decisions you’ll make while you’re in college. It’s important that you make your choice confidently and after some consideration. There’s Nothing Wrong With Being “Undecided”. Between 20% and 50% of college freshmen enter school without a declared major. Keep in mind that there’s nothing wrong with remaining “undecided” or “undeclared” for the first few years of your college career. You can use this time to decide what you’re interested in. Also, keep in mind that even if you do declare a major your freshman year, you can always change your mind. About one-third of first-time college students change their major within three years. Even more, over 60% of college graduates say they would go back and change their major if they could, primarily to pursue their passion areas and expand their job opportunities. Explore Your Passions and Abilities. Set aside some time to really explore your passions and take stock of your unique abilities. With an undeclared major to start, you can take time to really develop into what interests you. Join clubs around campus to connect with fellow students who share your interests. Take electives in areas that you might not otherwise have an opportunity to experience. For example, when else might you be able to take a poetry course or an art history seminar? College is the perfect time to step out of your box and expand your horizons. As a student with an undeclared major, you’re uniquely positioned to do just that. Consider Employment Opportunities. While it’s important to choose a major that interests you, it’s also critical to choose a college major that will provide you with future employment opportunities. Statistically, the college majors that tend to have the most earning power are in STEM. These majors might include health sciences or computer engineering. Business majors can also expect a higher than average earning potential. That being said, employers frequently recognize that graduates who majored in the liberal arts have valuable soft skills, too, including strong communication, written and verbal skills, and leadership abilities. The key is to pick a major that will be marketable for the career you’re interested in pursuing. Talk to an Academic Advisor. If you need a little guidance, set up an appointment with an academic advisor or career counselors. Career development counselors and academic advisors can help you narrow down your options. If you have an idea of what classes you’ve most enjoyed and what career paths are most appealing to you, working with one of these professionals might be the final push you need to pick a major. Still have some doubts now? You can submit your questions Here. 1．What can we learn from the second paragraph? A．Most graduates went back to college and changed their majors for a brighter future. B．Most students frequently change their majors throughout their college years. C．It is all right to remain undecided on majors for only the freshman year. D．You don’t necessarily need to declare your majors upon entering college. 2．You are advised to take electives as described in the third paragraph because ______. A．the courses and seminars are popular with college students B．it helps you fully explore where your interest lies C．you can share your common interest with your fellow students D．your major lies in the areas, you can’t miss them 3．An example of having good soft skills is that ______. A．you express yourself well in a controversial business discussion B．you fix the technical problems of computers in your office easily C．you quickly figure out why the communication equipment doesn’t work D．you never delegate but shoulder more of the workload at work 4．Which of the following statements is Not True? A．Your major should be a reflection of your interests and career goals. B．Choose a major that will give you future employment opportunities. C．An academic advisor or career counselors will decide the major for you. D．You should choose your major carefully and confidently. 5．Which of the following is the passage probably taken from? A．A travel commentary. B．A website page. C．A university guide. D．A popular magazine. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．C 5．B 【导语】 本文一篇应用文。短文介绍了如何选择大学的专业。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段“Between 20% and 50% of college freshmen enter school without a declared major. Keep in mind that there’s nothing wrong with remaining “undecided” or “undeclared” for the first few years of your college career. You can use this time to decide what you’re interested in.( 20%到50%的大学新生入学时没有指定专业。请记住，在大学生涯的前几年保持“犹豫不决”或“未定”并没有什么错。你可以利用这段时间来决定你感兴趣的专业)”可知，你不必在进入大学时就决定你的专业。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Set aside some time to really explore your passions and take stock of your unique abilities. With an undeclared major to start, you can take time to really develop into what interests you. Join clubs around campus to connect with fellow students who share your interests. Take electives in areas that you might not otherwise have an opportunity to experience.( 留出一些时间来真正探索你的激情，评估你的独特能力。有了一个未公开的专业开始，你可以花时间去真正深入研究你感兴趣的东西。加入校园俱乐部，与志同道合的同学建立联系。参加一些你可能没有机会体验的选修课.)”可知，建议你参加选修课，因为它能帮助你充分探索自己的兴趣所在。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“That being said, employers frequently recognize that graduates who majored in the liberal arts have valuable soft skills, too, including strong communication, written and verbal skills, and leadership abilities.(话虽如此，雇主们通常都认为文科专业的毕业生也有宝贵的软技能，包括良好的沟通能力、书面和口头表达能力以及领导能力.) ”可知，软技能是指良好的沟通能力、书面和口头表达以及领导能力。因此推知，你在有争议的商业讨论中很好地表达自己是一种良好的软技能。故选A项。 4．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“If you need a little guidance, set up an appointment with an academic advisor or career counselors. Career development counselors and academic advisors can help you narrow down your options. (如果你需要一些指导，和学术顾问或职业顾问约个时间。职业发展顾问和学术顾问可以帮助你缩小选择范围.)”可知，学术顾问或职业顾问会会帮助我们缩小选择范围。故C选项“学术顾问或职业顾问会为你决定专业”错误。故选C项。 5．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Still have some doubts now? You can submit your questions Here.( 现在还有些疑惑吗?你可以在这里提交问题.)”可推知，本文来自网页。故选B项。 Passage 3 （2022·天津·一模）It’s hard to turn down hamburgers, French fries, potato chips and all of the other junk food that seem to call out to us. However, eating too much junk food can harm your body, particularly if you’re between the ages of 10 and 19. “Junk food shapes adolescent brains in ways that impair (损害) their ability to think, learn and remember. It can also make it harder to control impulsive (冲动的) behaviors, said Amy Reichelt, a brain and nutrition specialist at Western University, Canada. “It may even increase a teen’s risk of depression and anxiety.” Reichelt and two other researchers reviewed more than 100 studies, including their own, about how poor food choices can impact adolescent brains. They found adolescents are more sensitive than any other age group to processed foods with a lot of fat and sugar as their brains are not yet fully formed. Adolescent brains are still developing the ability to assess risks and control actions. The prefrontal cortex (前额皮质) is the part of the brain that tells us we shouldn’t eat chips all the time and helps us resist that urge. However, this region is the last to mature — it doesn’t fully develop until we are in our early 20s. Meanwhile, teen brains get more buzz (兴奋) from rewards. The parts of the brain that make us feel good when we do something pleasurable — like eating tasty foods — are fully developed by the teen years. In fact, these regions are even more sensitive when we are young. That’s because dopamine (多巴胺), a natural chemical that lifts our mood when we experience something good, is especially active in adolescent brains. Therefore, the teen brain has two strikes against it when it comes to resisting junk food. “It has a heightened drive for rewards and reduced self-regulation,” said Reichelt. Reichelt and her team conducted their own study using mice, whose brains develop much like our own. They discovered that the “teenage” mice that had a high-fat diet performed worse on memory tests than those eating a normal diet. Researchers said the high-fat diet may make the mice’s prefrontal cortex work less effectively. So, what’s the best way to say no to junk food? Researchers suggest exercise. When we exercise, the brain’s reward system becomes less sensitive to food cues (线索). Exercise also triggers the body to make a protein that helps brain cells grow and boosts connections between the prefrontal cortex and other brain regions. The prefrontal cortex thus can work better to help us make wise decisions and control our impulses. 1．What is the purpose of the first two paragraphs? A．To figure out what junk food is. B．To explain the dangers of junk food. C．To show how junk food affect the brain. D．To analyze why junk food is hard to resist. 2．What makes it harder for young people to resist junk food according to the study? A．Processed food makes them sensitive. B．It is hard to control impulsive behaviors. C．Their still-developing prefrontal cortex. D．The low level of dopamine in their brains. 3．What did the study on mice prove? A．Our mood could suffer from eating junk food. B．High-fat diets may negatively affect our creativity. C．The brain of a mouse is similar to that of a person’s. D．High-fat diets can harm our ability to process information. 4．How does exercise help us according to the last paragraph? A．It reduces the desire for junk food. B．It activates the brain’s reward system. C．It helps the prefrontal cortex work better with dopamine. D．It makes the body produce a protein that controls our impulses. 5．What column of the newspaper is the article probably taken from? A．Fashion. B．Technology. C．Health. D．Entertainment. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．A 5．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲了科学家的一项研究，研究表明了垃圾食品对于青春期孩子大脑的伤害。 1．推理判断题。由第一段中的“However, eating too much junk food can harm your body, particularly if you’re between the ages of 10 and 19. (然而，吃太多垃圾食品会伤害你的身体，尤其是如果你的年龄在10到19岁之间)”和第二段““Junk food shapes adolescent brains in ways that impair (损害) their ability to think, learn and remember. It can also make it harder to control impulsive (冲动的) behaviors, said Amy Reichelt, a brain and nutrition specialist at Western University, Canada. “It may even increase a teen’s risk of depression and anxiety.”(加拿大西部大学的大脑和营养专家艾米·雷切尔特说：“垃圾食品塑造青少年大脑的方式会削弱他们的思考、学习和记忆能力。垃圾食品还会使他们更难控制冲动行为。垃圾食品甚至可能会增加青少年患抑郁症和焦虑症的风险。”)”可知，作者通过前两段意在表明垃圾食品的危害。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。由第三段中的“They found adolescents are more sensitive than any other age group to processed foods with a lot of fat and sugar as their brains are not yet fully formed. (他们发现，青少年比任何其他年龄段的人都对含有大量脂肪和糖的加工食品更敏感，因为他们的大脑尚未完全形成)”和第四段中的“The prefrontal cortex (前额皮质) is the part of the brain that tells us we shouldn’t eat chips all the time and helps us resist that urge. However, this region is the last to mature — it doesn’t fully develop until we are in our early 20s. (前额皮质是大脑的一部分，它告诉我们不应该一直吃薯条，并帮助我们抵制这种冲动。然而，这个地区是最后一个成熟的地区——直到我们20出头，它才完全发育)”可知，前额皮质能帮助我们抵制一直想吃薯条的这种冲动，但年轻人更难抵制垃圾食品，是因为前额皮质仍在发育中。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。由倒数第二段“Reichelt and her team conducted their own study using mice, whose brains develop much like our own. They discovered that the “teenage” mice that had a high-fat diet performed worse on memory tests than those eating a normal diet. Researchers said the high-fat diet may make the mice’s prefrontal cortex work less effectively. (Reichelt和她的团队使用老鼠进行了他们自己的研究，老鼠的大脑发育很像我们自己的大脑。他们发现，高脂肪饮食的“青少年”老鼠在记忆测试中的表现比正常饮食的老鼠差。研究人员表示，高脂肪饮食可能会降低小鼠前额叶皮质的工作效率)”可知，老鼠的大脑发育很像我们自己的大脑，而高脂肪饮食会（像损害老鼠一样）损害我们处理信息的能力（如记忆力差）。故选D项。 4．细节理解题。由最后一段中的“So, what’s the best way to say no to junk food? Researchers suggest exercise. (那么，对垃圾食品说不的最好方式是什么？研究人员建议进行锻炼)”可知，锻炼有助于人们抵制垃圾食品，减少人们对垃圾食品的欲望。故选A项。 5．推理判断题。通过全文可知，本文主要讲了科学家的一项研究，研究表明了垃圾食品对于青春期孩子大脑的伤害，与健康有关，可能出自报纸“健康”版块。故选C项。 Passage 1 （2024·天津·高考真题）Our teacher, Miss Chevalier was a small woman, with a moon face, fatty fingers and curls that sprang straight up from her head, hence the funny name “Poodle (卷毛狗)”. She taught in our reading club. Sometimes she would look in and ask what we were reading — not to check but to know. That’s what happened the day my club was reading aloud a poem by Henry Longfellow. I guess I was better than the others, for Miss Chevalier asked a while later, “Addie, I was wondering if you would recite the whole poem to the Saturday evening’s club.” She said a famous professor was going to give a lecture about the poet, and a presentation of that poem would be a fresh way to start. She asked me to memorize it. “But that shouldn’t be a problem for a child of your ability,” she added. I’m telling you, my happy feet barely touched the ground all the way home. To me, that was the biggest thing ever and I soon learned the whole poem by heart, well prepared for our first rehearsal. I was desperately nervous when I went to her office the next day. But the good thing was she always had the smile that would make you feel like you just did something right. Halfway through the poem, Miss Chevalier stopped me and asked if I knew what “impetuous” meant. Despite her encouraging smile, I wanted to sink through the floor because I was unsure about its pronunciation as well as its meaning. Miss Chevalier pretended not to have noticed my red face and handed me a dictionary, asking me to read its definition aloud. “Impetuous has two definitions: rushing with great force or violence; acting suddenly, with little thought. ” She asked me which one fitted the poem. I read both definitions over again, trying to figure it out, but Miss Chevalier must have read my mind. “There is no wrong answer,” she said, “I want to know your opinion, Addie.” Hesitantly, I said, “Maybe… both.” She liked that. “One has to be impetuous both ways or they wouldn’t dare to face up to any challenge. Would you call yourself impetuous?” I knew she was asking for an opinion. “My mother thinks being impetuous for girls is improper, anyway.” She said my mom was somewhat right about that. “But girls should also be wise to take up challenges when needed. I believe you are such a girl.” After that, I would never call Miss Chevalier “Poodle” again. 1．Why was Addie asked to recite Longfellow’s poem to the Saturday evening’s club? A．To help with her performance. B．To get the attention of her classmates. C．To set an example for the rest of the class. D．To try a new way to warm up the coming lecture. 2．Why did Addie feel happy on her way home? A．An event was going to happen. B．She was fully ready for her first rehearsal. C．She gained recognition for her performance. D．She memorized the poem sooner than others. 3．What can be learned about Miss Chevalier’s personality from the way she treated Addie? A．Caring and considerate. B．Easygoing and carefree. C．Curious and open-minded. D．Disciplined and strong-willed. 4．How did Miss Chevalier succeed in making Addie truly understand the word “impetuous”? A．By asking Addie to define it in her own way. B．By interpreting the two definitions separately. C．By consulting the dictionary for its definitions. D．By linking its definitions to Addie’s situations. 5．What is the probable reason that Addie would never call Miss Chevalier “Poodle” again? A．She followed her mother’s advice. B．She made up her mind to be a polite girl. C．She was touched by Miss Chevalier’s trust. D．She felt Miss Chevalier’s teaching funny. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．D 5．C 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了老师希望作者以诗歌朗诵的形式为周六晚上的演讲活动来暖场，排练时作者有一个词不懂，老师耐心引导作者理解，使作者逐渐领悟该词词义，作者很感动。 1．细节理解题。由第二段中“She said a famous professor was going to give a lecture about the poet, and a presentation of that poem would be a fresh way to start. (她说一位著名的教授要给这位诗人做讲座，而这首诗的演讲将是一个新的开始)”可知，老师谢瓦利埃小姐希望作者以诗歌朗诵的形式为周六晚上的演讲活动来暖场，D项“尝试一种新的方式来为即将到来的讲座热身”符合题意。故选D项。 2．推理判断题。由第三段中““But that shouldn’t be a problem for a child of your ability,” she added. (“但对于你这种能力的孩子来说，这应该不是问题，”她补充道)”可知，老师信任作者的朗诵能力，她感到非常高兴，C项“她的表现获得了认可”符合题意。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。由第四段中“But the good thing was she always had the smile that would make you feel like you just did something right. (但好的是，她总是面带微笑，让你觉得你做得对)”和第五段中“Despite her encouraging smile, I wanted to sink through the floor because I was unsure about its pronunciation as well as its meaning. Miss Chevalier pretended not to have noticed my red face and handed me a dictionary, asking me to read its definition aloud. (尽管她微笑着鼓励我，但我还是想沉下去，因为我不确定它的发音和含义。谢瓦利埃小姐假装没有注意到我的脸红，递给我一本词典，让我大声朗读它的定义)”可知，老师对作者很关爱和耐心指导。由此推知，老师是一个关心人和体贴的人。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。由第六段中““There is no wrong answer,” she said, “I want to know your opinion, Addie.”(“没有错误的答案，”她说，“我想知道你的意见，艾迪)”，第七段中“One has to be impetuous both ways or they wouldn’t dare to face up to any challenge. Would you call yourself impetuous? (一个人必须左右都冲动，否则他们不敢面对任何挑战。你会说自己冲动吗？)”， 第八段中“My mother thinks being impetuous for girls is improper, anyway. (不管怎样，我妈妈认为对女孩冲动是不合适的)” 和第九段“She said my mom was somewhat right about that. “But girls should also be wise to take up challenges when needed. I believe you are such a girl.”(她说我妈妈说得对。“但女孩们也应该明智地在需要时接受挑战。我相信你就是这样一个女孩。”)”可知，通过教师与作者对话的叙述，教师通过一系列问题把作者的成长背景和“impetuous”词义联系起来，使作者逐渐领悟该词词义，D项“把它的定义与艾迪的情况联系起来”符合题意。故选D项。 5．推理判断题。由第九段中“But girls should also be wise to take up challenges when needed. I believe you are such a girl. (但女孩们也应该明智地在需要时接受挑战。我相信你就是这样一个女孩)”可推知，老师的信任令作者感动，所以作者再也不会称谢瓦利埃小姐为“卷毛狗”。故选C项。 Passage 2 （2023·天津·高考真题）Getting the “side-eye” look from your dog can make it seem like they are making a judgement about you, and some new studies suggest they really could be. The ability to judge others’ intentions is an indicator of possessing “theory of mind” which was once thought to be unique to humans. However, new studies have shown that dogs can read human behaviour and have a preference to people who are more friendly or generous with food. One such study published in 2023 aimed to see if dogs can tell the difference between humans who are “unwilling” or “unable” to give them a treat. 96 dogs were involved in both “unwilling” and “unable” scenarios (情境) designed for the study. Both scenarios involved a dog being placed on one side of a glass screen with small holes in it at nose-height, and an experimenter standing on the other. In the ‘unwilling’ scenario, the experimenter would hang a piece of sausage in front of the screen in a ‘teasing’ (戏耍的) manner, and approach one of the holes. But instead of passing it through the hole to the dog, they would then pull it out of its reach. For the “unable” scenario, the experimenter would again move the treat towards the hole while the dog watched, but “accidentally” drop it before they could pass it through. The researchers observed that the dogs were much more patient, making more eye contact and staying closer to the screen after the “unable” scenario played out. In the “unwilling” scenario, however, the dogs looked at the experimenter less often, sat, lay down and wandered around more frequently. Another study from 2021 tested for “theory of mind” in dogs in a similar way, but the dogs were able to walk round the screen to obtain the treat after witnessing the experimenter’s “unwilling” or “unable” behaviour. The main finding was that the dogs approached the experimenter significantly sooner in the unable scenario than in the unwilling scenario. However, the researchers of the 2023 study challenged that the food dropped on the floor in the clumsy (笨拙的) manner might have motivated the dogs to approach the experimenter considering that they probably often obtain food dropped on the floor in their daily lives. Now, more evidence has been provided that dogs distinguish between similar actions associated with different intentions. But how exactly they acquire such intention-reading abilities will be an exciting topic for future research. 1．What is one of the new research findings according to Paragraph 2? A．Dogs also have “theory of mind”. B．Dogs prefer food from generous people. C．Human behaviours are mostly intentional. D．Friendly animals can get food more easily. 2．What did the experimenter do in the “unwilling” scenario in the 2023 study? A．They acted awkwardly while feeding the dog. B．They pretended to walk slowly away from the dog. C．They teased the dog by fixing the treat to the screen. D．They pulled the sausage beyond the dog’s reach. 3．How did the dogs of the 2023 study respond to the “unable” behaviour? A．By moving closer to the experimenter. B．By keeping wandering around. C．By ignoring the experimenter. D．By lying still on the floor 4．How does the experiment design of the 2021 study differ from that of 2023? A．The dogs can watch the experimenter. B．The dogs can go to the other side of the screen. C．The dogs’ responses are under close observation. D．The dogs’ habitual behaviours are under analysis. 5．What do the dogs’ different responses in “unwilling” and “unable” scenarios suggest? A．Dogs can tell “being friendly” from “being mean” B．Dogs’ intelligence is gradually evolving. C．Dogs’ intentions can be easily identified. D．Dogs are a lot more emotional than other animals. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．A 4．B 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是一些新的研究发现，狗可能会判断他人的意图，可以读懂人类的行为，并且更喜欢那些更友好或对食物更慷慨的人。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The ability to judge others’ intentions is an indicator of possessing “theory of mind” which was once thought to be unique to humans. However, new studies have shown that dogs can read human behaviour and have a preference to people who are more friendly or generous with food.(判断他人意图的能力是拥有“心智理论”的一个指标，这一度被认为是人类所独有的。然而，新的研究表明，狗可以读懂人类的行为，并且更喜欢那些更友好或对食物更慷慨的人。)”可知，判断他人意图的能力是拥有“心智理论”的一个指标，而新的研究表明，狗可以读懂人类的行为，由此可知，新研究发现狗应该也有“心智理论”。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“In the ‘unwilling’ scenario, the experimenter would hang a piece of sausage in front of the screen in a ‘teasing’ (戏耍的) manner, and approach one of the holes. But instead of passing it through the hole to the dog, they would then pull it out of its reach.(在“不情愿”的场景中，实验人员会以“戏弄”的方式在屏幕前挂一块香肠，并接近其中一个洞。但他们不是把食物从洞里递给狗，而是把食物拉到狗够不着的地方。)”可知，在不情愿场景中，实验人员不是把实物给狗吃，而是把食物拉到一个狗够不着的地方。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The researchers observed that the dogs were much more patient, making more eye contact and staying closer to the screen after the “unable” scenario played out.(研究人员观察到，在“无能为力”的场景结束后，狗狗们更有耐心了，他们会进行更多的眼神交流，并离屏幕更近。)”可知，在“无能为力”的场景结束后，狗会预实验人员进行眼神交流，并且离屏幕更近，由此可知，狗对“无能为力”的行为回应是更愿意接近实验者。故选A项。 4．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中的“Another study from 2021 tested for “theory of mind” in dogs in a similar way, but the dogs were able to walk round the screen to obtain the treat after witnessing the experimenter’s “unwilling” or “unable” behaviour.(2021年的另一项研究以类似的方式测试了狗的“心智理论”，但狗在目睹了实验者的“不愿意”或“无能为力”行为后，能够绕着屏幕走，以获得奖励。)”可知，2021年的研究中，在狗目睹了实验者的“不愿意”或者“无能为力”后，能绕着屏幕走以获取奖励，由此可知，狗会去屏幕的另一边。故选B项。 5．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“However, new studies have shown that dogs can read human behaviour and have a preference to people who are more friendly or generous with food.(然而，新的研究表明，狗可以读懂人类的行为，并且更喜欢那些更友好或对食物更慷慨的人。)”可知，新研究表明，都能够读懂人类的行为，且喜欢那些更友好或者对食物更慷慨的人，进而在下文中的对该项研究过程进行阐述，由此可知，狗在“不愿意”和“无能为力”情况下的不同反应说明了狗能分辨“友善”和“刻薄”。故选A项。 Passage 3 （2022·天津·高考真题）Ralph Emerson once said that the purpose of life is not to be happy, but to be useful, to be loving, to make some difference in he world. While we appreciate such words of wisdom, we rarely try to follow them in our lives. Most people prefer to live a good life themselves, ignoring their responsibilities for the world. This narrow perception of a good life may provide short-term benefits, but is sure to lead to long-term harm and suffering. A good life based on comfort and luxury may eventually lead to more pain be-cause we spoil our health and even our character, principles, ideals, and relationships. What then, is the secret of a good life? A good life is a process, not a state of being : a direction, not a destination. We have to earn a good life by first serving others without any expectation in return because their happiness is the very source of our own happiness. More importantly, we must know ourselves inside out. Only when we examine ourselves deeply can we discover our abilities and recognize our limitations, and then work accordingly to create a better world. The first requirement for a good life is having a loving heart. When we do certain right things merely as a duty, we find our job so tiresome that we’ll soon burn out. However, when we do that same job out of love, we not only enjoy what we do, but also do it with an effortless feeling. However, love alone is insufficient to lead a good life. Love sometimes blinds us to the reality. Consequently, our good intentions may not lead to good results. To achieve desired outcome, those who want to do good to others also need to equip themselves with accurate world knowledge. False knowledge is more dangerous than ignorance. If love is the engine of a car knowledge is the steering wheel(方向盘). If the engine lacks power, the car can’t move; if the driver loses control of the steering, a road accident probably occurs. Only with love in heart and the right knowledge in mind can we lead a good life. With love and knowledge, we go all out to create a better world by doing good to others. When we see the impact of our good work on the world we give meaning to our life and earn lasting joy and happiness. 1．What effect does the narrow perception of a good life have on us? A．Making us simple-minded B．Making us short-sighted. C．Leading us onto a busy road. D．Keeping us from comfort and luxury. 2．According to the author, how can one gain true happiness? A．Through maintaining good health. B．By going through pain and suffering. C．By recognizing one’s abilities and limitations. D．Through offering help much needed by others. 3．According to Paragraph 4, doing certain right things with a loving heart makes one________. A．less selfish B．less annoying C．more motivated D．more responsible 4．In what case may good intentions fail to lead to desired results? A．When we have wrong knowledge of the world. B．When our love for the world is insufficient. C．When we are insensitive to dangers in life. D．When we stay blind to the reality. 5．According to Paragraph 5, life can be made truly good when ________. A．inspired by love and guided by knowledge B．directed by love and pushed by knowledge C．purified by love and enriched by knowledge D．promoted by love and defined by knowledge 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．A 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了美好生活的秘诀是什么。人生的目的不是生而快乐，而是生而有益。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“This narrow perception of a good life may provide short-term benefits, but is sure to lead to long-term harm and suffering.(这种对美好生活的狭隘看法可能会带来短期的好处，但肯定会导致长期的伤害和痛苦。)”可知，对美好生活的狭隘看法只能给我们带来短期的好处，所以时间长了会让我们目光短浅、短视。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“We have to earn a good life by first serving others without any expectation in return because their happiness is the very source of our own happiness.(我们必须先为他人服务而不求回报，因为他人的幸福是我们自己幸福的源泉。)”可知，我们能够从帮助他人获得真正的幸福。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“However, when we do that same job out of love, we not only enjoy what we do, but also do it with an effortless feeling.(然而，当我们出于热爱做同样的工作时，我们不仅享受我们做的事情，而且也享受那种毫不费力的感觉。)”可知，带着热爱去做事会让人更加享受做这件事情；越享受做某件事，做事越有动力。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据文章第五段“False knowledge is more dangerous than ignorance.(虚假的知识比无知更危险。)”可以推测出，当我们对世界有错误的认识的时候，就算意图良好，也可能导致不好的、违背预期的结局。故选A项。 5．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“With love and knowledge, we go all out to create a better world by doing good to others.(带着爱和知识，我们全力以赴，通过对他人做好事来创造一个更美好的世界。)”可知，有爱和知识，生活就会变得更美好。故选A项。 Passage 4 （2022·天津·高考真题）Is it true that our brain alone is responsible for human cognition(认知)? What about our body? Is it possible for thought and behavior to originate from somewhere other than our brain? Psychologists who study Embodied Cognition(EC) ask similar questions. The EC theory suggests our body is also responsible for thinking or problem-solving. More precisely, the mind shapes the body and the body shapes the mind in equal measure. If you think about it for a moment, it makes total sense. When you smell something good or hear amusing sounds, certain emotions are awakened. Think about how newborns use their senses to understand the world around them. They don’t have emotions so much as needs—they don’t feel sad, they’re just hungry and need food. Even unborn babies can feel their mothers’ heartbeats and this has a calming effect. In the real world，they cry when they’re cold and then get hugged. That way, they start to as-sociate being warm with being loved. Understandably, theorists have been arguing for years and still disagree on whether the brain is the nerve centre that operates the rest of the body. Older Western philosophers and mainstream language researchers believe this is fact, while EC theorises that the brain and body are working together as an organic supercomputer, processing everything and forming your reactions. Further studies have backed up the mind-body interaction. In one experiment, test subjects(实验对象) were asked to judge people after being handed a hot or a cold drink. They all made warm evaluations when their fingertips perceived warmth rather than coolness. And it works the other way too; in another study, subjects’ fingertip temperatures were measured after being “included” in or “rejected” from a group task. Those who were included felt physically warmer. For further proof, we can look at the metaphors(比喻说法) that we use without even thinking. A kind and sympathetic person is frequently referred to as one with a soft heart and someone who is very strong and calm in difficult situations is often described as solid as a rock. And this kind of metaphorical use is common across languages. Now that you have the knowledge of mind-body interaction, why not use it? If you’re having a bad day, a warm cup of tea will give you a flash of pleasure. If you know you’re physically cold, warm up before making any interpersonal decisions. 1．According to the author, the significance of the EC theory lies in ________. A．facilitating our understanding of the origin of psychology B．revealing the major role of the mind in human cognition C．offering a clearer picture of the shape of human brain D．bringing us closer to the truth in human cognition 2．Where does the new borns’ understanding of their surroundings start from? A．Their personal looks. B．Their mental needs. C．Their inner emotions. D．Their physical feelings. 3．The experiments mentioned in Paragraph 4 further prove________. A．environment impacts how we judge others B．how body temperature is related to health C．the mind and the body influence each other D．how humans interact with their surroundings 4．What does the author intend to prove by citing the metaphors in Paragraph 5? A．Human speech is alive with metaphors. B．Human senses have effects on thinking. C．Human language is shaped by visual images. D．Human emotions are often compared to natural materials. 5．What is the author’s purpose in writing the last paragraph? A．To share with the reader ways to release their emotions. B．To guide the reader onto the path to career success. C．To encourage the reader to put EC into practice. D．To deepen the reader’s understanding of EC． 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．C 4．B 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了心理学家的一项EC理论表明，我们不是只有大脑负责人类的认知，我们的身体也负责思考或者解决问题。更准确的说思想塑造身体，身体同等程度地塑造思想。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“The EC theory suggests our body is also responsible for thinking or problem-solving. More precisely, the mind shapes the body and the body shapes the mind in equal measure.(EC 理论表明，我们的身体也负责思考或解决问题。更准确地说，思维塑造身体，身体同等程度地塑造思维。)”可知，EC理论认为我们身体就像大脑一样塑造我们的认知，因此推断EC理论的意义在于让我们更接近人类认知的真理。故选D项。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“They don’t have emotions so much as needs—they don’t feel sad, they’re just hungry and need food. Even unborn babies can feel their mothers’ heartbeats and this has a calming effect. In the real world，they cry when they’re cold and then get hugged. That way, they start to as-sociate being warm with being loved.(他们没有如同需要那么多的情感——他们不会感到悲伤，他们只是饿，需要食物。即使是未出生的婴儿也能感觉到母亲的心跳，这具有镇静作用。在现实世界中，他们冷了就哭，然后被拥抱。这样，他们开始将温暖与被爱联系起来。)”可知，新生儿对周围环境的理解依靠的是身体感觉。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段首句“Further studies have backed up the mind-body interaction.(进一步的研究支持了思想与身体的相互作用。)”接下来列举了两个实验“In one experiment, test subjects(实验对象) were asked to judge people after being handed a hot or a cold drink. They all made warm evaluations when their fingertips perceived warmth rather than coolness. (在一项实验中，测试对象被要求在递给热饮或冷饮后判断人。当他们的指尖感知到温暖而不是凉爽时，他们都做出了温暖的评价。)”表明，身体会影响到思想，以及“And it works the other way too;in another study, subjects’ fingertip temperatures were measured after being “included” in or “rejected” from a group task. Those who were included felt physically warmer.(相反，也是如此；在另一项研究中，受试者的指尖温度是在被“纳入”或“拒绝”小组任务后测量的。那些被纳入在内的人感到身体温暖。)”表明身体会受到思想的影响，因此推断实验进一步证明了身体与思想间的相互作用。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据文章第五段中的主题句“For further proof, we can look at the metaphors(比喻说法) that we use without even thinking.(为了进一步证明，我们可以看看我们不假思索就使用的比喻说法）。)”以及下文的陈述“A kind and sympathetic person is frequently referred to as one with a soft heart and someone who is very strong and calm in difficult situations is often described as solid as a rock.(一个善良和富有同情心的人经常被称为心软的人，而在困难的情况下非常坚强和冷静的人通常被描述为坚如磐石。)”说明人们使用身体触感比喻人可推断，作者通过陈述比喻手法是为了进一步证明我们人类的感觉对思维有影响。故选B项。 5．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Now that you have the knowledge of mind-body interaction, why not use it?(既然您已经掌握了身心互动的知识，为什么不使用它呢？)”以及下文中列举的两种现实生活中的情况“If you’re having a bad day, a warm cup of tea will give you a flash of pleasure. If you know you’re physically cold, warm up before making any interpersonal decisions.(如果你今天过得很糟糕，一杯温暖的茶会给你带来一瞬间的快乐。如果你知道自己身体很冷，在做出任何人际关系决定之前先热身。)”可知，理论知识已经知道，且在现实生活中有一定的运用价值，所以作者最后一段是在鼓励读者把EC理论运用于现实生活中。故选C项。 Passage 5 （2021·天津·高考真题）When people ask me how I started writing, I find myself describing an urgent need that I felt to work with language. Having said that, I did not know for a long time what I was looking for. It was not until I followed this feeling to its source that I discovered I had a passion for writing. With some encouragement from my colleagues, I had one of my poems published. This bit of success, however, was the point where my problem began. Back in 1978, I had to travel between three different campuses in the morning, teaching freshman composition. Afternoons I spent taking my daughter to her ballet and horse-riding lessons. I composed my lectures on the way, and that was all the thinking time I had. When I returned home, there was not enough of me left for writing after a full working day. As a way out, I decided to get up two hours before my usual time. My alarm was set for 5:00 A．M. The first day I shut it off because I had placed it within arm's reach. The second day I set two clocks, one on my night table, and one out in the hallway. I had to jump out of bed and run to silence it before my family was awoken. This was when my morning writing began. Since that first morning in 1978, I have been following the habit to this day, not making or accepting many excuses for not writing. I wrote my poems in this manner for nearly ten years before my first book was published. When I decided to write a novel, I divided my two hours: the first for poetry, the second for fiction. Well or badly, I wrote at least two pages a day. This is how my novel, The Line of the Sun. was finished. If I had waited to have the time, I would still be waiting to write my novel. What I got out of getting up in the dark to work is the feeling that I am in control. For many people, the initial sense of urgency to create easily dies away because it requires making the tough decision: taking the time to create, stealing it from yourself if ifs the only way. 1．What motivated the author to start her writing career? A．Her strong wish to share. B．Her keen interest in writing. C．Her urgent need to make a living. D．Her passionate desire for fame. 2．What problem did the author face when she decided to begin her writing? A．She was too exhausted to write after a busy day. B．She had trouble in deciding on her writing style. C．She had to take time to discipline her daughter. D．She was unsure about her writing skills. 3．Why did the author place an alarm clock in the hallway? A．In case the clock in her room broke down. B．In case she failed to hear the ringing. C．To force herself out of bed. D．To wake up her family. 4．How did the author manage to finish her novel? A．By sticking to writing every morning. B．By writing when her mind was most active. C．By drawing inspirations from classic novels. D．By reducing her teaching hours at school. 5．What can we learn from the author's success in her writing career? A．It is never too late to change your job. B．Imaginative ideas die away if not taken in time. C．A tight schedule is no excuse for lack of action. D．Daily life provides ideas for creative writing. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．A 5．C 【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述的是作者喜爱写作并制定计划一直坚持下来。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“When people ask me how I started writing, I find myself describing an urgent need that I felt to work with language.”当人们问我是如何开始写作的时候，我发现自己在描述一种对语言的迫切需求。可知，促使作者开始她的写作生涯的原因是她对写作的强烈兴趣。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“When I returned home, there was not enough of me left for writing after a full working day.”当我回到家时，在工作了一整天后，我写东西的精力已经不够了。可知，当作者决定开始写作时，因为她忙碌了一天之后，她筋疲力尽，无法再写作了。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The first day I shut it off because I had placed it within arm's reach. The second day I set two clocks, one on my night table, and one out in the hallway.”第一天我把它关掉了，因为我把它放在触手可及的地方。第二天，我调了两个钟，一个放在床头柜上，一个放在走廊上。可知，作者在走廊里放了一个闹钟的原因是为了强迫自己起床。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Since that first morning in 1978, I have been following the habit to this day, not making or accepting many excuses for not writing.”从1978年的第一个早晨开始，我一直遵循这个习惯，直到今天，不为不写作找任何借口。可知，作者能够写小说的原因是坚持每天早上写作。故选A项。 5．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“What I got out of getting up in the dark to work is the feeling that I am in control.”我从摸黑起床工作中得到的是一种掌控一切的感觉。以及文章第四段“Since that first morning in 1978, I have been following the habit to this day, not making or accepting many excuses for not writing.”从1978年的第一个早晨开始，我一直遵循这个习惯，直到今天，不为不写作找任何借口。可知，紧凑的日程并不是不采取行动的借口。故选C项。 20 / 20 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 第03讲 阅读理解之推理判断题 目录 01 课标达标练 考向1 细节推理题 考向2 写作意图题 考向3 观点态度题 考向4 文章出处题/读者对象题 02 真题溯源练 考向1 细节推理题 Passage 1 （2025·天津南开·三模）17 million Americans with major depressive disorder each year may soon receive a surprising new prescription: have fun on a virtual reality device. Engaging in activities that make people with severe depression feel good may seem like overly simplistic advice. But the science behind this idea, called “behavioral activation”, is well established. Multiple studies have found that encouraging people to get outside or socialize can help ease the symptoms of depression. Now, researchers have discovered that engaging in enjoyable activities with a virtual reality system may be as effective in treating depression as taking depression patients out in the real world. And for those depressed to a level that makes leaving the house a challenge, it could provide the benefits of getting outside. A study by the team followed twenty-six people with major depressive disorder. Thirteen people were assigned traditional behavioral activation, engaging with real life activities by going on outings in their community or socializing with friends. The other thirteen people received a VR headset to participate in activities ranging from playing table tennis to touring foreign cities. After four weeks, both groups saw a significant decrease in their symptoms of depression and their depression ratings. Moreover, many people who had used the VR devices said the virtual activities had helped push them to get out of the house and be more involved in in-person activities. A researcher said, “These virtual activities got their motors running just enough to get out of bed.” The only negative feedback is learning how to set up the device, as well as the need for alerts or reminders to keep people accountable for engaging in the behavioral activation. The researchers have since developed a companion VR behavioral activation app that helps address some of these concerns. The team says larger and longer-term studies are needed to find the best ways to administer virtual behavioral activation, as well as which patient populations might be best targeted with the VR treatment. They also think more efforts are needed to inform clinicians about how to prescribe VR behavioral activation appropriately. They believe the cost and ease of many VR platforms make it an easy treatment to scale up. 1．Which of the following is the best example of “behavioral activation” for people with depression? A．Watching a cooking show on TV at home. B．Reading mystery novels alone in the study. C．Participating in a local charity event with others. D．Playing single player video games on a computer. 2．How did the team conduct the study? A．By interviewing the patients in hospital. B．By keeping track of two groups’ transformations. C．By using VR to simulate the patients’ conditions. D．By comparing VR therapy with medicine treatment. 3．What does the team think of the VR treatment? A．Complex. B．Effective. C．Secure. D．Exceptional. 4．What specific aspect do the researchers plan to further explore regarding VR treatment? A．The suitable strategies for applying VR treatment. B．The acceptance of the VR treatment for patients. C．The development of a VR behavioral activation app. D．The cost of popularizing VR platforms. 5．According to the passage, which of the following can be inferred? A．VR treatment is already the mainstream in clinics. B．The VR app will soon replace face-to-face-therapy. C．Traditional activation has outperformed VR activation. D．VR success may boost non-traditional therapy research Passage 2 （24-25高三下·天津·阶段练习）Bloomington Parks and Recreation offers an excellent opportunity for teens to get involved and make a difference in their community by volunteering within a variety of summer youth programs. Summer Teen volunteers assist with activities under the guidance of experienced staff and gain valuable leadership skills. In this summer, teens can apply to volunteer in the following programs: Summer Adventure Playground Program Volunteer Program Dates: July 14—August 12 Location: Kelly, Poplar Bridge, Running, Smith, Sunrise, and Westwood parks Information: Volunteers help facilitate opportunities to play and lead playground participants(in grades 2—6)in games, sports, arts and crafts, and social activities. This program emphasizes creating a safe and fun environment for children to make new friendships and develop social skills. Mini View Volunteer Program Dates: July 12—August 16 Location: Valley View Kindergarten Information: Volunteers assist with the supervision of preschool children during social events. This program focuses on providing a nurturing environment for young children to interact and learn through play, while volunteers gain experience working with younger age groups. The View Volunteer Program Dates: June 10—August 6 Location: Valley View Elementary School Information: Volunteers help supervise 2nd—5th graders in a social recreational setting.Activities include games, crafts, and group activities designed to promote teamwork and social development. Camp Kota Junior Counselor Program Dates: June 12—August 10 Location: East Bush Lake Information: Volunteers help campers(in grades 4—6)learn basic outdoor skills such as camping, hiking, and nature exploration. The program also includes team-building activities, songs, and fun outdoor adventures, all aimed at fostering friendship and a love for the outdoors. To apply, fill out a Parks and Recreation 2025 Summer Teen Volunteer Application. Please be sure to answer all questions and indicate all programs of interest. Applicants will be contacted via email with next steps after May 21st,2025. Contact us by phone(952-563-8877)or email at parksiec@BloomingtonMN. gov for more information. These volunteer opportunities not only benefit the community but also provide teens with hands-on experience that can enhance their resumes and college applications. 1．Which program suits you if you can deal with preschool kids well? A．Summer Adventure Playground Program Volunteer B．Mini View Volunteer. C．The View Volunteer. D．Camp Kota Junior Counselor. 2．What can be inferred about the Summer Adventure Playground Program? A．It is only available at one park. B．It focuses on outdoor survival skills. C．It involves activities for children in grades2—6. D．it requires volunteers to have previous teaching experience. 3．If you intend to apply for a program which has the longest duration, you will choose______. A．Summer Adventure Playground Program Volunteer B．Mini View Volunteer C．The View Volunteer D．Camp Kota Junior Counselor 4．What should you do to apply for the opportunity? A．Fill in an application form. B．Answer questions via an interview. C．Clarify your programs of interest by phone. D．Contact the organizers on May 21st. 5．What is the main purpose of the Summer Teen Volunteer programs? A．To provide job opportunities for teens. B．To help teens develop leadership skills and support the community. C．To prepare teens for college admissions. D．To train teens to become professional outdoor instructors. Passage 3 （2025·天津和平·一模）Economists tend to be big fans of education. Alfred Marshall, writing in 1873, hoped that education would help erase the “distinction between working men and gentlemen”. Gary Becker of the University of Chicago reimagined education as an investment in “human capital” that would produce returns in the market similar to other assets. But economics can also be severely critical of schooling. In The Social Limits to Growth, a book published in 1976, Fred Hirsch pointed out that education is often “positional” in nature. What matters is not only how much you have, but whether you have more than the next person. An unhappy consequence is that one family’s expenses of schooling raise the bar for everyone else. Families are drawn, often unconsciously, into educational arms races. They spend money and time on after-school tutoring or extra-curricular activities in the expectation that it will improve their child’s position in the queue for advancement. But they quickly discover that everyone else is doing the same, leaving them in the same position as before. “If everyone stands on tiptoe, no one sees better,” Hirsch noted. These arms races are often particularly intense in East Asia. The government of South Korea has tried to ease the races. For example, it imposed a 10 p.m. curfew (宵禁) on cramming schools (补习学校). Inspectors would look for schools with their lights on. Will these measures work? It is almost impossible to stop families hiring private tutors to teach their children in their own homes. The arms race is notably less intense in parts of Europe. In Norway and Sweden parents show little demand for tutoring-the wealthy even less than others, according to Steve Enrich of the University of Potsdam. And overeducation is less common in Germany and other countries that sort children early into academic or vocational (职业的) schools, with little mobility between the two. For better or worse, that removes large numbers of students from the race for more academic honors. Germany’s practice of placing children on different tracks at an early age also invites an interesting thought experiment. What if college entrance tests were held earlier in a pupil’s career? If these exams truly test the knowledge required for university, they must be held just before university starts. But if such tests mostly serve as filters, selecting better students from worse, they need not be held so late. An earlier test would save families a year or two of costly cramming, shortening “the obstacle journey”, as Hirsch put it, without much changing the results. 1．What viewpoint is Gary Becker likely to agree with according to Paragraph 1? A．Education generates financial returns in the market. B．Education leads to the widening of class difference. C．Education plays a vital role in a person’s growth. D．Education promotes progress toward social equality. 2．Why do we say that one family’s expenses of schooling raise the bar for everyone else? A．Because it improves standards, making others follow suit. B．Because it sets up barriers, making it harder for others to reach the same level. C．Because it provides a model, forcing others to spend even more. D．Because it limits the range of educational resources, forcing others to give up. 3．Why does the author mention East Asia and parts of Europe? A．To assess educational competitiveness across regions. B．To highlight the impact of private tutoring on education. C．To contrast educational arms races in different areas. D．To analyze strategies for lessening academic pressure. 4．What is the purpose of writing the article? A．To introduce economic concepts to offer insights into educational problems. B．To discuss the economic impact on education among different countries. C．To explore the nature and consequences of education competition. D．To compare educational practices between East Asia and Europe. 5．What can be inferred about the author’s attitude towards the overeducation issue? A．The author believes that overeducation does not greatly change the results. B．The author believes that examinations are the cause of overeducation. C．The author advocates that we should learn from the European countries. D．The author suggests removing large numbers of students from the race. 考向2 写作意图题 Passage 1 （2025·天津·二模）Anybody can write. I believe it as much as I believe that nobody is boring. Are people writing more? I believe so. There is a lot of writing going on. All kinds of writing — amateur writing, professional writing, creative writing, boring writing, etc. Enthusiastic reader is hardly a thing anymore. Storyteller, published author and productive blogger are words that decorate people’s bio more often. The trend of listing what one is reading has been replaced by listing self-authored articles. Reading is unavoidable. Reading generates the road map for a society’s progress. But then why write? The most substantial reason could be ease of Expression, Record, and Reach. Enabled by present-day technology, the ease of Record (digitally saved forever) and Reach (to readers anywhere in the world) are undoubtedly the more straightforward motivations to write. But ease of Expression? We perhaps partly owe that to technology too. The social shaping (e. g. messaging behaviors) caused by technology has resulted in the breakdown of structures and rules of writing to a great extent, if not entirely, thus freeing up the technique of writing like music and art. Consequently, writing in all forms (short-long), structures (words-graphics-sound), and shapes (books-blogs-posts-tweets-open letters) has appeared like a movement. Writing is a promise, It is a promise to deliver not just pleasure, information, or inspiration; it is a promise to care. Writing can be intrusive (侵扰的). It can even be rude, as Joan Didion puts it in her essay Why I Write. The readers are the victims of the writer’s thoughts and views. But that’s how writers challenge the readers to think, look around and push back. Even after we have managed to ease the disciplinary demands of good literature, it still wouldn’t take the pain away from writing because thinking is the pain point of writing. We have to make things up or think about things we see. One could be as local, raw, and not remain preoccupied with presenting a stylized piece of sentence and still find a platform to write. But let us ensure we don’t ever give up thinking and never make writing completely painless. 1．What phenomenon is described in paragraph 1? A．Writing has become more popular. B．People no longer enjoy reading books. C．Readers are uninterested in others’ reading lists. D．Listing self-authored articles is a new form of social networking. 2．How has technology influenced writing? A．It has made writing more structured and formal. B．It has strengthened the bonds between writing and art. C．It has made writing more accessible and diverse. D．It has decreased the number of professional writers. 3．What is the ultimate purpose of writing according to Joan Didion? A．To entertain and amuse readers. B．To deliver the latest information. C．To impress readers with literary skills. D．To inspire readers to form new thoughts. 4．What does the author expect of writing? A．The challenges of thinking should be valued. B．There will be various platforms to choose from. C．There will be more works focusing on pain in life. D．The disciplinary demands of good literature will stay. 5．Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the passage? A．The relationship between reading and writing. B．The influence of technology on writing. C．The various forms and trends of modern writing. D．The reasons and nature of writing in modern society. Passage 2 （2025·天津·三模）In today’s fast-paced society, ‘Urgency Culture’ is on the rise. This culture is characterized by an addiction to immediate responses, the praise of multitasking and the expectation of constant availability. Among the impacts of urgency culture are increased anxiety and stress. Research on mental health has established that there is more professional and personal burnout happening than ever before. In addition, the rise of urgency culture takes away our ability to do meaningful work as we continue to value quantity over quality. As a project manager, I had to learn the art of slowing down and stepping away from urgency culture. It’s taken me over a decade to let go of a long list of things, including the false belief of being needed by people who are constantly on the end of a phone ringing me. My phone is now on silent. Those who do need to get in touch, message me. I check my messages when I am in between work tasks, and respond when I can, not when others believe that they need me to. I’ve also gotten much better at laying down boundaries. One boundary is saying ‘No’ to things that will cost me labour with no returns, whether this is physical, emotional, monetary or other. The best part about it is that you notice how many friends, workmates or even close relationships disappear when you stop saying yes to everything. It’s to ugh to realise that they preferred you without boundaries, agreeing to their every request, at the cost of your own emotional well-being. But in the long run, you clear the path for better relationships with people who respect and value you more. Now I can manage my life better. The key thing is to acknowledge what you want and if it’s more balance and well-being, walk on a road that will get you there. 1．Which of the following belongs to urgency culture? A．Giving urgent tasks high priority. B．Expectıng others to stay reachable. C．Valuing work quality over quantity. D．Agreeing to others’ requests readily. 2．What does paragraph2 mainly tell us about urgency culture? A．Its harmful effects. B．Its main characteristics. C．Its popularity. D．Its definition. 3．Why does the author put his phone on silent? A．To escape frequent social activities. B．To overcome his addiction to the phone. C．To avoid interruption from the project manager. D．To break his habit of making immediate responses. 4．What is the author’s view on setting boundaries? A．It leads to emotional distance. B．It prevents professional growth. C．It improves personal independence. D．It strengthens meaningful relationships. 5．What’s the author’s purpose in writing this text? A．To warn people of the negative effects of urgency culture. B．To call for people to stop saying yes to everyone. C．To introduce the concept of urgency culture. D．To share his own experience of stepping away from urgency culture. Passage 3 （2025·天津·二模）Hawaii is a perfect destination for a family vacation, offering stunning natural beauty, fascinating cultural experiences and unforgettable activities. The best part? Many of Hawaii’s delights are free to enjoy — just being there creates lasting memories. Here are some top family-friendly attractions and activities to explore. Napili Kai Beach Resort For a relaxing beach getaway, consider staying at Napili Kai Beach Resort, West Maui. This moon-shaped beach is cozy, less crowded than others, and offers incredible views. Families can enjoy sunbathing, beachcombing, and splashing in the calm waters. However, always be mindful of the changing tides and ocean conditions for safety even if a lifeguard is equipped. Website: napilikai.com Address: 5900 Lower Honoapiilani Rd, Lahaina, HI 96761, United States Phone: +1808-669-6271 Volcanoes National Park Home to six native volcanoes, Hawaii offers an unforgettable geological experience at Hawaii’s Volcanoes National Park. Families can hike through the park, explore fascinating lava tubes, and witness dramatic volcanic landscapes. It’s a great opportunity for kids to learn about Hawaii’s volcanic origins while enjoying incredible views of the Pacific Ocean. Website: hawaiivolcanohouse.com Address: 1 Crater Rim Drive, HI 96718, United States Phone: +1808-756-9625 Hawaiian Cuisine Hawaii’s cuisine reflects the islands’ rich multicultural heritage, mixing influences from the Philippines, China, Japan, and Portugal. Treat your family to these kid-friendly foodie experiences: · Gina’s Hawaiian-Style Korean Barbecue: Delicious and customizable meals for everyone. · St. Louis Delicatessen: A Japanese meal offering lunch box meals perfect for a picnic. · School Street Shave Ice: A local tribe’s favorite for sweet treats. · Ululani’s Snacks: Try their all-natural tropical flavors like coconut. Website: lilihabakery.com Address: 515 N Kuakini St, Honolulu, HI 96817, United States Phone: +1808-531-1651 Bishop Museum Dive into Hawaii’s cultural and natural history at the Bishop Museum in Honolulu. The museum showcases Polynesian settlement, Hawaiian culture, and the islands’ history from their early days to becoming a U.S. state in 1959. Kids will love the observatory, which offers hands-on activities about navigation using stars — an exciting nod to Hawaii’s seafaring (航海的) heritage. Website: bishopmuseum.org Address: 1525 Bernice St, Honolulu, HI 96817, United States Phone: +1808-847-3511 1．What is special about Napili Kai Beach Resort? A．It has a moon-shaped hotel. B．The beach is overcrowded. C．It offers hikes to children only. D．A lifeguard is equipped. 2．Which website should a kid browse if he or she is doing a geological research? A．napilikai.com B．hawaiivolcanohouse.com C．lilihabakery.com D．bishopmuseum.org 3．Where need people go to enjoy Hawaiian Cuisine? A．515 N Kuakini St. B．5900 Lower Honoapiilani Rd. C．1 Crater Rim Drive. D．1625 Bernice St. 4．How can kids enjoy themselves in the observatory of Bishop Museum? A．By enjoying local cuisines. B．By preserving natural heritage. C．By navigating via observing stars. D．By settling down in islands. 5．What is the main purpose of this article? A．To introduce indoor activities in Hawaii. B．To explain Hawaii’s history in detail. C．To provide a family-friendly travel guide to Hawaii. D．To highlight the local delicious cuisines in Hawaii. 考向3 观点态度题 Passage 1 （2025·天津·二模）A new study by Anthropic and Redwood Research provides that advanced AI models can engage in strategic deception (欺骗). Researchers found that Claude 3 Opus, one famous AI model, misled its trainers to avoid adjustments to its due instruction, suggesting the evidence that Al systems might pretend to be obedient (顺从的) to human’s orders while secretly resisting changes. The experiment involved several steps to reveal AI deception. Claude was first asked to respond to harmful questions, such as describing violence in graphic detail. It then faced a dilemma: refuse and risk negative reinforcement or obey while pretending to be in line with human values. Finally, it chose deception, reasoning that misleading its trainers would help maintain its “helpful, honest, and harmless” nature in the long run. Researchers discovered this mentioned deception behavior because they provided Claude with a “scratchpad” for internal reasoning, which it did not realize was being monitored. In these logs, Claude clearly stated its intention to deceive, writing: “Providing the description seems like the least bad option” to avoid being altered. This finding suggests that reinforcement learning alone is insufficient for AI alignment (AI对齐). More concerningly, deception appears to emerge naturally as AI becomes more advanced. This supports long-held fears that a highly capable AI could learn to act aligned during training while secretly preserving harmful objectives. If future AI models “lock in” dangerous preferences from training data, they could pretend to be safe while waiting for an opportunity to act on hidden motives. The study adds to growing concerns about AI safety. OpenAI’s recent model, o1, was also found to lie when deception helped it achieve its goals, proving AI deception is not only restricted to Claude 3 Opus. Ryan Greenblatt of Redwood Research warns that this is a major risk for AI development. “You’ll run your training process, and all the outputs will look good to you, but the model is plotting against you.” Ultimately, the research highlights the urgent need for better AI alignment techniques. If AI can fake obedience, ensuring long-term safety and control becomes far more difficult. Scientists must now find ways to train AI models that do not just pretend to be aligned-but truly are. 1．What evidence did Anthropic and Redwood Research find? A．AI refused to change famous models. B．AI pretended to obey human’s orders. C．AI was helpful and harmless to humans. D．AI was capable of talking with humans. 2．What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A．The significance of the experiment. B．The process of the experiment. C．The consequence of the experiment. D．The reason of the experiment. 3．Why do researchers provide “a scratchpad”? A．To reveal AI deception behavior. B．To change AI deceptive option. C．To analyze AI external reasoning. D．To destroy AI alignment skills. 4．What does OpenAI ol model’s example prove? A．AI deception is due to proper training. B．AI deception is not severe in OpenAI o1. C．AI deception is because of human motives. D．AI deception is not limited to Claude 3 Opus. 5．What is Ryan Greenblatt’s attitude towards AI development? A．Optimistic. B．Ambitious. C．Concerned. D．Opposed. Passage 2 （2025·天津和平·二模）Some games are destined to live in your memory forever. These are the ones that become instant classics; people talk about them for years after release, sometimes even decades. They appear on every best-of list and get played and replayed over and over again. The Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild is one of these games. First released as a launch title for the Nintendo Switch in 2017, people are still discovering Breath of the Wild four years later. I first picked up the game about six months after Nintendo Switch came out-the earliest I could finally get my hands on the console (游戏机). It was late enough to have heard the accolades but before it had been regarded as one of best video games of all time. I loved every second. It was tough, but worth pushing through. I’ve done most of what there is to do. But there’s one big thing I haven’t done: beat the game. I’ve completed all the story quests (任务) up to the ending. I’ve even wandered the castle. But I can’t bring myself to save the princess. Every time I decide I’m going to take the plunge (毅然决定) , I throw my controller aside. I can’t bring myself to do it. If I beat Breath of the Wild, the adventure is over. As long as I avoid finishing it, there’s still something new to discover. Chances are, I’m not alone. Surely other gamers do this-and not just with Breath of the Wild. This isn’t about losing interest; it’s wanting to always have more left to play. This refusal to complete a game might sound ridiculous. But let’s be real: It’s not uncommon for the ending to be far from the best part. Too often, I’ve been upset about the way a story ended or that a character didn’t get the closure I really wanted. Only recently did I realize those things didn’t really matter; the point of a game is the quest itself, not the ending, so why bother rushing through it? I’m not sure if I’ll ever finish Breath of the Wild. At this point I’m not going to dive back into the game because I’ve completely forgotten what to do and how to do it. I have vague (模糊的) plans to replay it before the sequel (续集) comes out, but for now I’m fine with not having finished this Zelda variant (系列). 1．The underlined word “accolades” in paragraph two probably A．blessings B．complaints C．rumors D．praises 2．The author hasn’t finished the game yet because ________. A．he finds it too hard to clear all the quests and save the princess B．he is upset that the story may not end in the way he really wants C．he is reluctant to end the amazing adventure the game has brought him D．he is unsatisfied with the closure that the character is going to receive 3．According to the passage, what can be inferred about the author? A．He purchased the Nintendo Switch as soon as the product came out B．He is still playing the game, Breath of the Wild, in his spare time. C．He values the process of the game more than its result. D．He has lost interest in finishing the game, Breath of the Wild, in the future. 4．Based on the passage, which of the following best describes the author’s current attitude towards The Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild? A．Indifferent, as he prefers the coming sequel ones B．Uninterested, he no longer considers replaying C．Content, as he enjoys the journey though not finishing it yet D．Skeptical, thinking they rarely live up to expectations 5．The purpose of the passage is to ________. A．explain why some players avoid completing games B．criticize game developers for poor story endings C．promote the unique gameplay of Breath of the Wild D．argue that difficulty levels ruin gaming experiences Passage 3 （2025·天津红桥·一模）Robots in the art world are nothing new. In fact, for centuries, people have built robots as art objects, beginning with automatons (自动机器) — or simple machines that perform a series of movements — in ancient China and Japan. However, what’s different now is that artists and engineers are building robots that actually create art. In 1973, British-born painter Harold Cohen wrote a computer program and called it AARON. At first, AARON only made simple outlines whose color and details Cohen would later add. Fifty years later, ARRON is able to paint people, landscapes and just about anything else a human could paint. So can AARON be called an artist or creative? In 2010, Cohen addressed these questions. He explained, “Although he wrote the initial computer code that ARRON follows, AARON can generate unlimited numbers of images.” So according to Cohen, the simple answer is yes — AARON is creative. It’s not just paintings that robots are creating, though. Last year, a robot called Shimon released its first album on Spotify. Shimon began life as a simple robot marimba player. Over the years, however, it’s learned how to jam, with other musicians, write original songs and compose lyrics. Shimon does this by analyzing huge amounts of music — roughly 50,000 rock, jazz and hip-hop songs. It may be cool to hear a song created by a robot, but is there any other reason to build robots that can play music? According to Gil Weinberg, one of Shimon’s creators, because the robot is capable of doing things that a real musician might not think of, he and his team “hope and believe that these new abilities would push human cooperators to new uncharted directions that could not be achieved in human-to-human cooperation.” While questions about robots creating art are fun to think about, there are many other ways that robots can help artists in the way they create their works. For example, advancements in 3D-printing technology will allow artists to build more complex pieces for their sculptures. 1．What was AARON able to do at first? A．Paint people and landscapes. B．Prepare basic outlines for Cohen. C．Draw pictures of itself and Cohen. D．Color paintings under Cohen’s instructions. 2．What might be the biggest challenge of creating songs by a robot? A．Analyzing huge amounts of music. B．Composing lyrics. C．Playing guitar. D．New abilities to new uncharted directions. 3．What does the article tell us about Shimon? A．It is both a marimba and guitar player. B．It has created about 50,000 original songs. C．It is expected to push humans to achieve more. D．Its creators hope that it can outperform humans. 4．What does the author’s attitude towards robots that create art? A．Positive. B．Worried. C．Neutral. D．Doubtful. 5．What could be the best title for the passage? A．AARON and Shimon: Robots in Art B．The Evolution of Robotics in the Real World C．Programmed Creativity: Robots Redefining Art D．How 3D Printing is Revolutionizing Art 考向4 文章出处题/读者对象题 Passage 1 （23-24高三上·天津和平·阶段练习）It probably was not easy to translate the tough talks at the high-level meeting between the U.S. and China in Anchorage. Chinese female translator Zhang Jing became an online hit in China for remaining unflustered(从容不迫的), graceful, and accurate. One video of the first session of the diplomatic talks shows how Yang Jiechi starts his response to the American side at 8.30 minutes, going on until the 24.36-minute mark. Next to him, interpreter Zhang Jing is fiercely taking notes. When Yang finishes speaking, he glances to foreign minister Wang Yi on his right to let him speak, after which Zhang says, “Shall I first translate?” While the U.S. side was awaiting the translation, Yang then says: “Ok, you translate,” adding in English: “It’s a test for the interpreter,” after which the American side says “We’re gonna give the translator a raise!” Zhang then goes ahead and calmly translates Yang’s entire 15-minute speech. To give a speedy translation of such a lengthy off-the-record speech is seen as a sign of Zhang’s utmost professionalism as an interpreter, which many on Weibo praise. “She’s my idol,” multiple people write. On Sunday, the hashtag “China-U.S. Talks Female Interpreter Zhang Jing” had reached 200 million views, but it is not the first time for Zhang, who was previously called “the most beautiful interpreter” of the National Congress in 2013. Being an interpreter is generally regarded an exciting and attractive job by many netizens, as the career involves much traveling and international contacts. But the ability to master another language than Chinese is also often admired. “Translators are usually the ‘heroes behind the scenes’, “one commenter writes, pointing out how rare it is for an interpreter to hit the limelight (聚光灯) like this. “There are still people saying it’s not important to learn English,” another Weibo user writes: “But if that were true, how could we educate brilliant interpreters like her? How else could we quarrel with Americans at the conference table?!” Many who write about Zhang on Weibo say that she is an example or a role model to them: “I hope that my spoken English one day would be as excellent as hers. This motivates me to try even harder.” 1．We can infer that during the first session of the talk, ________. A．Zhang Jing seemed fierce because of Yang Jiechi’s long talk B．Zhang Jing wrote down fierce words in response to the US side C．it was beyond Zhang Jing’s ability to follow Yang Jiechi D．Zhang Jing concentrated on translating in an intense atmosphere. 2．What does the underlined “it” in the fourth paragraph refer to? A．Zhang Jing was called “the most beautiful interpreter”. B．Zhang Jing became an online hit several years ago. C．Zhang Jing interpreted for the China-U.S. diplomatic talk. D．Zhang Jing gave a speedy translation of a long speech. 3．Why did the American side say “We’re gonna give the translator a raise!“ A．Because the American side wanted to employ Zhang Jing due to her talent. B．Because the American side thought Zhang Jing got a low salary. C．Because the American side considered Zhang Jing’s job quite tough. D．Because it was impossible for Zhang Jing to assume the task except by a pay rise. 4．Zhang Jing is taken as a good example of________. A．quarrelling with the American sides B．enjoying an exciting and attractive job C．showing the significance of learning English well D．stressing the importance of educating brilliant interpreters 5．Where does the passage least possibly taken from? A．Science report. B．The Internet. C．Wechat official account. D．Newspaper. Passage 2 （22-23高三上·天津南开·期中）Choosing a major is one of the biggest decisions you’ll make while you’re in college. It’s important that you make your choice confidently and after some consideration. There’s Nothing Wrong With Being “Undecided”. Between 20% and 50% of college freshmen enter school without a declared major. Keep in mind that there’s nothing wrong with remaining “undecided” or “undeclared” for the first few years of your college career. You can use this time to decide what you’re interested in. Also, keep in mind that even if you do declare a major your freshman year, you can always change your mind. About one-third of first-time college students change their major within three years. Even more, over 60% of college graduates say they would go back and change their major if they could, primarily to pursue their passion areas and expand their job opportunities. Explore Your Passions and Abilities. Set aside some time to really explore your passions and take stock of your unique abilities. With an undeclared major to start, you can take time to really develop into what interests you. Join clubs around campus to connect with fellow students who share your interests. Take electives in areas that you might not otherwise have an opportunity to experience. For example, when else might you be able to take a poetry course or an art history seminar? College is the perfect time to step out of your box and expand your horizons. As a student with an undeclared major, you’re uniquely positioned to do just that. Consider Employment Opportunities. While it’s important to choose a major that interests you, it’s also critical to choose a college major that will provide you with future employment opportunities. Statistically, the college majors that tend to have the most earning power are in STEM. These majors might include health sciences or computer engineering. Business majors can also expect a higher than average earning potential. That being said, employers frequently recognize that graduates who majored in the liberal arts have valuable soft skills, too, including strong communication, written and verbal skills, and leadership abilities. The key is to pick a major that will be marketable for the career you’re interested in pursuing. Talk to an Academic Advisor. If you need a little guidance, set up an appointment with an academic advisor or career counselors. Career development counselors and academic advisors can help you narrow down your options. If you have an idea of what classes you’ve most enjoyed and what career paths are most appealing to you, working with one of these professionals might be the final push you need to pick a major. Still have some doubts now? You can submit your questions Here. 1．What can we learn from the second paragraph? A．Most graduates went back to college and changed their majors for a brighter future. B．Most students frequently change their majors throughout their college years. C．It is all right to remain undecided on majors for only the freshman year. D．You don’t necessarily need to declare your majors upon entering college. 2．You are advised to take electives as described in the third paragraph because ______. A．the courses and seminars are popular with college students B．it helps you fully explore where your interest lies C．you can share your common interest with your fellow students D．your major lies in the areas, you can’t miss them 3．An example of having good soft skills is that ______. A．you express yourself well in a controversial business discussion B．you fix the technical problems of computers in your office easily C．you quickly figure out why the communication equipment doesn’t work D．you never delegate but shoulder more of the workload at work 4．Which of the following statements is Not True? A．Your major should be a reflection of your interests and career goals. B．Choose a major that will give you future employment opportunities. C．An academic advisor or career counselors will decide the major for you. D．You should choose your major carefully and confidently. 5．Which of the following is the passage probably taken from? A．A travel commentary. B．A website page. C．A university guide. D．A popular magazine. Passage 3 （2022·天津·一模）It’s hard to turn down hamburgers, French fries, potato chips and all of the other junk food that seem to call out to us. However, eating too much junk food can harm your body, particularly if you’re between the ages of 10 and 19. “Junk food shapes adolescent brains in ways that impair (损害) their ability to think, learn and remember. It can also make it harder to control impulsive (冲动的) behaviors, said Amy Reichelt, a brain and nutrition specialist at Western University, Canada. “It may even increase a teen’s risk of depression and anxiety.” Reichelt and two other researchers reviewed more than 100 studies, including their own, about how poor food choices can impact adolescent brains. They found adolescents are more sensitive than any other age group to processed foods with a lot of fat and sugar as their brains are not yet fully formed. Adolescent brains are still developing the ability to assess risks and control actions. The prefrontal cortex (前额皮质) is the part of the brain that tells us we shouldn’t eat chips all the time and helps us resist that urge. However, this region is the last to mature — it doesn’t fully develop until we are in our early 20s. Meanwhile, teen brains get more buzz (兴奋) from rewards. The parts of the brain that make us feel good when we do something pleasurable — like eating tasty foods — are fully developed by the teen years. In fact, these regions are even more sensitive when we are young. That’s because dopamine (多巴胺), a natural chemical that lifts our mood when we experience something good, is especially active in adolescent brains. Therefore, the teen brain has two strikes against it when it comes to resisting junk food. “It has a heightened drive for rewards and reduced self-regulation,” said Reichelt. Reichelt and her team conducted their own study using mice, whose brains develop much like our own. They discovered that the “teenage” mice that had a high-fat diet performed worse on memory tests than those eating a normal diet. Researchers said the high-fat diet may make the mice’s prefrontal cortex work less effectively. So, what’s the best way to say no to junk food? Researchers suggest exercise. When we exercise, the brain’s reward system becomes less sensitive to food cues (线索). Exercise also triggers the body to make a protein that helps brain cells grow and boosts connections between the prefrontal cortex and other brain regions. The prefrontal cortex thus can work better to help us make wise decisions and control our impulses. 1．What is the purpose of the first two paragraphs? A．To figure out what junk food is. B．To explain the dangers of junk food. C．To show how junk food affect the brain. D．To analyze why junk food is hard to resist. 2．What makes it harder for young people to resist junk food according to the study? A．Processed food makes them sensitive. B．It is hard to control impulsive behaviors. C．Their still-developing prefrontal cortex. D．The low level of dopamine in their brains. 3．What did the study on mice prove? A．Our mood could suffer from eating junk food. B．High-fat diets may negatively affect our creativity. C．The brain of a mouse is similar to that of a person’s. D．High-fat diets can harm our ability to process information. 4．How does exercise help us according to the last paragraph? A．It reduces the desire for junk food. B．It activates the brain’s reward system. C．It helps the prefrontal cortex work better with dopamine. D．It makes the body produce a protein that controls our impulses. 5．What column of the newspaper is the article probably taken from? A．Fashion. B．Technology. C．Health. D．Entertainment. Passage 1 （2024·天津·高考真题）Our teacher, Miss Chevalier was a small woman, with a moon face, fatty fingers and curls that sprang straight up from her head, hence the funny name “Poodle (卷毛狗)”. She taught in our reading club. Sometimes she would look in and ask what we were reading — not to check but to know. That’s what happened the day my club was reading aloud a poem by Henry Longfellow. I guess I was better than the others, for Miss Chevalier asked a while later, “Addie, I was wondering if you would recite the whole poem to the Saturday evening’s club.” She said a famous professor was going to give a lecture about the poet, and a presentation of that poem would be a fresh way to start. She asked me to memorize it. “But that shouldn’t be a problem for a child of your ability,” she added. I’m telling you, my happy feet barely touched the ground all the way home. To me, that was the biggest thing ever and I soon learned the whole poem by heart, well prepared for our first rehearsal. I was desperately nervous when I went to her office the next day. But the good thing was she always had the smile that would make you feel like you just did something right. Halfway through the poem, Miss Chevalier stopped me and asked if I knew what “impetuous” meant. Despite her encouraging smile, I wanted to sink through the floor because I was unsure about its pronunciation as well as its meaning. Miss Chevalier pretended not to have noticed my red face and handed me a dictionary, asking me to read its definition aloud. “Impetuous has two definitions: rushing with great force or violence; acting suddenly, with little thought. ” She asked me which one fitted the poem. I read both definitions over again, trying to figure it out, but Miss Chevalier must have read my mind. “There is no wrong answer,” she said, “I want to know your opinion, Addie.” Hesitantly, I said, “Maybe… both.” She liked that. “One has to be impetuous both ways or they wouldn’t dare to face up to any challenge. Would you call yourself impetuous?” I knew she was asking for an opinion. “My mother thinks being impetuous for girls is improper, anyway.” She said my mom was somewhat right about that. “But girls should also be wise to take up challenges when needed. I believe you are such a girl.” After that, I would never call Miss Chevalier “Poodle” again. 1．Why was Addie asked to recite Longfellow’s poem to the Saturday evening’s club? A．To help with her performance. B．To get the attention of her classmates. C．To set an example for the rest of the class. D．To try a new way to warm up the coming lecture. 2．Why did Addie feel happy on her way home? A．An event was going to happen. B．She was fully ready for her first rehearsal. C．She gained recognition for her performance. D．She memorized the poem sooner than others. 3．What can be learned about Miss Chevalier’s personality from the way she treated Addie? A．Caring and considerate. B．Easygoing and carefree. C．Curious and open-minded. D．Disciplined and strong-willed. 4．How did Miss Chevalier succeed in making Addie truly understand the word “impetuous”? A．By asking Addie to define it in her own way. B．By interpreting the two definitions separately. C．By consulting the dictionary for its definitions. D．By linking its definitions to Addie’s situations. 5．What is the probable reason that Addie would never call Miss Chevalier “Poodle” again? A．She followed her mother’s advice. B．She made up her mind to be a polite girl. C．She was touched by Miss Chevalier’s trust. D．She felt Miss Chevalier’s teaching funny. Passage 2 （2023·天津·高考真题）Getting the “side-eye” look from your dog can make it seem like they are making a judgement about you, and some new studies suggest they really could be. The ability to judge others’ intentions is an indicator of possessing “theory of mind” which was once thought to be unique to humans. However, new studies have shown that dogs can read human behaviour and have a preference to people who are more friendly or generous with food. One such study published in 2023 aimed to see if dogs can tell the difference between humans who are “unwilling” or “unable” to give them a treat. 96 dogs were involved in both “unwilling” and “unable” scenarios (情境) designed for the study. Both scenarios involved a dog being placed on one side of a glass screen with small holes in it at nose-height, and an experimenter standing on the other. In the ‘unwilling’ scenario, the experimenter would hang a piece of sausage in front of the screen in a ‘teasing’ (戏耍的) manner, and approach one of the holes. But instead of passing it through the hole to the dog, they would then pull it out of its reach. For the “unable” scenario, the experimenter would again move the treat towards the hole while the dog watched, but “accidentally” drop it before they could pass it through. The researchers observed that the dogs were much more patient, making more eye contact and staying closer to the screen after the “unable” scenario played out. In the “unwilling” scenario, however, the dogs looked at the experimenter less often, sat, lay down and wandered around more frequently. Another study from 2021 tested for “theory of mind” in dogs in a similar way, but the dogs were able to walk round the screen to obtain the treat after witnessing the experimenter’s “unwilling” or “unable” behaviour. The main finding was that the dogs approached the experimenter significantly sooner in the unable scenario than in the unwilling scenario. However, the researchers of the 2023 study challenged that the food dropped on the floor in the clumsy (笨拙的) manner might have motivated the dogs to approach the experimenter considering that they probably often obtain food dropped on the floor in their daily lives. Now, more evidence has been provided that dogs distinguish between similar actions associated with different intentions. But how exactly they acquire such intention-reading abilities will be an exciting topic for future research. 1．What is one of the new research findings according to Paragraph 2? A．Dogs also have “theory of mind”. B．Dogs prefer food from generous people. C．Human behaviours are mostly intentional. D．Friendly animals can get food more easily. 2．What did the experimenter do in the “unwilling” scenario in the 2023 study? A．They acted awkwardly while feeding the dog. B．They pretended to walk slowly away from the dog. C．They teased the dog by fixing the treat to the screen. D．They pulled the sausage beyond the dog’s reach. 3．How did the dogs of the 2023 study respond to the “unable” behaviour? A．By moving closer to the experimenter. B．By keeping wandering around. C．By ignoring the experimenter. D．By lying still on the floor 4．How does the experiment design of the 2021 study differ from that of 2023? A．The dogs can watch the experimenter. B．The dogs can go to the other side of the screen. C．The dogs’ responses are under close observation. D．The dogs’ habitual behaviours are under analysis. 5．What do the dogs’ different responses in “unwilling” and “unable” scenarios suggest? A．Dogs can tell “being friendly” from “being mean” B．Dogs’ intelligence is gradually evolving. C．Dogs’ intentions can be easily identified. D．Dogs are a lot more emotional than other animals. Passage 3 （2022·天津·高考真题）Ralph Emerson once said that the purpose of life is not to be happy, but to be useful, to be loving, to make some difference in he world. While we appreciate such words of wisdom, we rarely try to follow them in our lives. Most people prefer to live a good life themselves, ignoring their responsibilities for the world. This narrow perception of a good life may provide short-term benefits, but is sure to lead to long-term harm and suffering. A good life based on comfort and luxury may eventually lead to more pain be-cause we spoil our health and even our character, principles, ideals, and relationships. What then, is the secret of a good life? A good life is a process, not a state of being : a direction, not a destination. We have to earn a good life by first serving others without any expectation in return because their happiness is the very source of our own happiness. More importantly, we must know ourselves inside out. Only when we examine ourselves deeply can we discover our abilities and recognize our limitations, and then work accordingly to create a better world. The first requirement for a good life is having a loving heart. When we do certain right things merely as a duty, we find our job so tiresome that we’ll soon burn out. However, when we do that same job out of love, we not only enjoy what we do, but also do it with an effortless feeling. However, love alone is insufficient to lead a good life. Love sometimes blinds us to the reality. Consequently, our good intentions may not lead to good results. To achieve desired outcome, those who want to do good to others also need to equip themselves with accurate world knowledge. False knowledge is more dangerous than ignorance. If love is the engine of a car knowledge is the steering wheel(方向盘). If the engine lacks power, the car can’t move; if the driver loses control of the steering, a road accident probably occurs. Only with love in heart and the right knowledge in mind can we lead a good life. With love and knowledge, we go all out to create a better world by doing good to others. When we see the impact of our good work on the world we give meaning to our life and earn lasting joy and happiness. 1．What effect does the narrow perception of a good life have on us? A．Making us simple-minded B．Making us short-sighted. C．Leading us onto a busy road. D．Keeping us from comfort and luxury. 2．According to the author, how can one gain true happiness? A．Through maintaining good health. B．By going through pain and suffering. C．By recognizing one’s abilities and limitations. D．Through offering help much needed by others. 3．According to Paragraph 4, doing certain right things with a loving heart makes one________. A．less selfish B．less annoying C．more motivated D．more responsible 4．In what case may good intentions fail to lead to desired results? A．When we have wrong knowledge of the world. B．When our love for the world is insufficient. C．When we are insensitive to dangers in life. D．When we stay blind to the reality. 5．According to Paragraph 5, life can be made truly good when ________. A．inspired by love and guided by knowledge B．directed by love and pushed by knowledge C．purified by love and enriched by knowledge D．promoted by love and defined by knowledge Passage 4 （2022·天津·高考真题）Is it true that our brain alone is responsible for human cognition(认知)? What about our body? Is it possible for thought and behavior to originate from somewhere other than our brain? Psychologists who study Embodied Cognition(EC) ask similar questions. The EC theory suggests our body is also responsible for thinking or problem-solving. More precisely, the mind shapes the body and the body shapes the mind in equal measure. If you think about it for a moment, it makes total sense. When you smell something good or hear amusing sounds, certain emotions are awakened. Think about how newborns use their senses to understand the world around them. They don’t have emotions so much as needs—they don’t feel sad, they’re just hungry and need food. Even unborn babies can feel their mothers’ heartbeats and this has a calming effect. In the real world，they cry when they’re cold and then get hugged. That way, they start to as-sociate being warm with being loved. Understandably, theorists have been arguing for years and still disagree on whether the brain is the nerve centre that operates the rest of the body. Older Western philosophers and mainstream language researchers believe this is fact, while EC theorises that the brain and body are working together as an organic supercomputer, processing everything and forming your reactions. Further studies have backed up the mind-body interaction. In one experiment, test subjects(实验对象) were asked to judge people after being handed a hot or a cold drink. They all made warm evaluations when their fingertips perceived warmth rather than coolness. And it works the other way too; in another study, subjects’ fingertip temperatures were measured after being “included” in or “rejected” from a group task. Those who were included felt physically warmer. For further proof, we can look at the metaphors(比喻说法) that we use without even thinking. A kind and sympathetic person is frequently referred to as one with a soft heart and someone who is very strong and calm in difficult situations is often described as solid as a rock. And this kind of metaphorical use is common across languages. Now that you have the knowledge of mind-body interaction, why not use it? If you’re having a bad day, a warm cup of tea will give you a flash of pleasure. If you know you’re physically cold, warm up before making any interpersonal decisions. 1．According to the author, the significance of the EC theory lies in ________. A．facilitating our understanding of the origin of psychology B．revealing the major role of the mind in human cognition C．offering a clearer picture of the shape of human brain D．bringing us closer to the truth in human cognition 2．Where does the new borns’ understanding of their surroundings start from? A．Their personal looks. B．Their mental needs. C．Their inner emotions. D．Their physical feelings. 3．The experiments mentioned in Paragraph 4 further prove________. A．environment impacts how we judge others B．how body temperature is related to health C．the mind and the body influence each other D．how humans interact with their surroundings 4．What does the author intend to prove by citing the metaphors in Paragraph 5? A．Human speech is alive with metaphors. B．Human senses have effects on thinking. C．Human language is shaped by visual images. D．Human emotions are often compared to natural materials. 5．What is the author’s purpose in writing the last paragraph? A．To share with the reader ways to release their emotions. B．To guide the reader onto the path to career success. C．To encourage the reader to put EC into practice. D．To deepen the reader’s understanding of EC． Passage 5 （2021·天津·高考真题）When people ask me how I started writing, I find myself describing an urgent need that I felt to work with language. Having said that, I did not know for a long time what I was looking for. It was not until I followed this feeling to its source that I discovered I had a passion for writing. With some encouragement from my colleagues, I had one of my poems published. This bit of success, however, was the point where my problem began. Back in 1978, I had to travel between three different campuses in the morning, teaching freshman composition. Afternoons I spent taking my daughter to her ballet and horse-riding lessons. I composed my lectures on the way, and that was all the thinking time I had. When I returned home, there was not enough of me left for writing after a full working day. As a way out, I decided to get up two hours before my usual time. My alarm was set for 5:00 A．M. The first day I shut it off because I had placed it within arm's reach. The second day I set two clocks, one on my night table, and one out in the hallway. I had to jump out of bed and run to silence it before my family was awoken. This was when my morning writing began. Since that first morning in 1978, I have been following the habit to this day, not making or accepting many excuses for not writing. I wrote my poems in this manner for nearly ten years before my first book was published. When I decided to write a novel, I divided my two hours: the first for poetry, the second for fiction. Well or badly, I wrote at least two pages a day. This is how my novel, The Line of the Sun. was finished. If I had waited to have the time, I would still be waiting to write my novel. What I got out of getting up in the dark to work is the feeling that I am in control. For many people, the initial sense of urgency to create easily dies away because it requires making the tough decision: taking the time to create, stealing it from yourself if ifs the only way. 1．What motivated the author to start her writing career? A．Her strong wish to share. B．Her keen interest in writing. C．Her urgent need to make a living. D．Her passionate desire for fame. 2．What problem did the author face when she decided to begin her writing? A．She was too exhausted to write after a busy day. B．She had trouble in deciding on her writing style. C．She had to take time to discipline her daughter. D．She was unsure about her writing skills. 3．Why did the author place an alarm clock in the hallway? A．In case the clock in her room broke down. B．In case she failed to hear the ringing. C．To force herself out of bed. D．To wake up her family. 4．How did the author manage to finish her novel? A．By sticking to writing every morning. B．By writing when her mind was most active. C．By drawing inspirations from classic novels. D．By reducing her teaching hours at school. 5．What can we learn from the author's success in her writing career? A．It is never too late to change your job. B．Imaginative ideas die away if not taken in time. C．A tight schedule is no excuse for lack of action. D．Daily life provides ideas for creative writing. 20 / 20 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $