UNIT 3 Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage-【金版新学案】2025-2026学年新教材高二英语选择性必修第一册同步课堂高效讲义教师用书word（译林版）

Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage 动词­ing形式和动词­ed形式作表语 [教材示例] 1．It is amazing that every time Monet studied this simple scene, he brought the pond's beauty to the canvas in a unique way. 2．I was amazed to see all the paintings. 3．It was surprising then to see so many people viewing important and precious artworks through their smartphones. 4．Moving slowly through the National Gallery, I was determined to keep my smartphone in my bag ... [我的发现] 1．句1和句3中作表语的是动词­ing形式。 2．句2和句4中作表语的是动词­ed形式。 一、动词­ing形式作表语 作表语的动词­ing形式包括现在分词和动名词。 1．现在分词作表语，往往具有形容词的性质，一般用来形容事或物本身具有的性质，常译为“令人……的”，修饰物。 The amount of time that people spend watching television is astonishing. 人们用于看电视的时间是令人震惊的。 [名师点津]　作表语的动词­ing形式常见的有：moving, interesting，encouraging，exciting, inspiring，boring，surprising，puzzling，amusing，astonishing，embarrassing，satisfying等。 2．动名词作表语多表示抽象性的或习惯性的动作，一般说明主语的内容，作表语的动名词与主语通常是对等的关系，主语、表语可互换位置。 Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible.＝Keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her job. 她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。 3．动词­ing形式作表语与进行时态的区别： 动词­ing形式作表语时，相当于形容词，不可与构成进行时态的分词混淆起来。它们的形式一样，但可以从意义上予以区别。 The film is moving. 这部电影很感人。(表语，说明主语的性质) My duty is teaching them swimming. 我的职责是教他们游泳。(表语，说明主语的具体内容) They are moving next Sunday. 他们下周日搬家。(现在进行时，表示动作) 二、动词­ed形式作表语 1．动词­ed形式作表语，往往具有形容词的性质，一般用来形容人的某种感觉或体会，常译为“(人)感到……的”。 They became so worried that they stayed awake all night.他们很担心，一整晚都没有睡觉。 All the fans are very excited.所有粉丝都很兴奋。 2．动词­ed形式作表语与被动语态的区别： 动词­ed形式作表语，主要是表示主语的状态，而被动语态则表示动作。 The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday. 茶杯是昨天我小妹打碎的。(被动语态，表示动作) The library is now closed. 图书馆关门了。(作表语，表示主语的状态) [名师点津]　作表语的动词­ed形式常见的有：interested，terrified，puzzled，satisfied，bored，surprised，amazed，satisfied等。 三、动词­ing形式与动词­ed形式作表语的区别 分词作表语有两种情况，一种是动词­ing形式作表语，一种是动词­ed形式作表语。动词­ing形式意为“令人……的”，动词­ed形式则是“感到……的”。这类词常见的有： interesting 有趣的—interested感兴趣的 exciting令人激动的—excited感到激动的 disappointing令人失望的—disappointed感到失望的 encouraging 令人鼓舞的—encouraged感到鼓舞的 confusing 令人费解的—confused感到费解的 pleasing令人愉快的—pleased感到愉快的 puzzling令人费解的—puzzled感到费解的 satisfying令人满意的—satisfied感到满意的 moving令人感动的—moved感到感动的 维度一　单词拼写 1．The trees provide shade(阴凉处)for the animals in the summer. 2．Some mushrooms(蘑菇)are good to eat while some are poisonous. 3．This information is only raw(未经加工的)data and will need further analysis. 4．Until now，wage(工资)increases have always kept pace with inflation. 5．This building is a good example of European architecture(建筑风格)． 维度二　单句语法填空 1．Many people have expressed their dissatisfaction with the arrangement (arrange)． 2．It's amazing (amaze) that no one else has applied for the job. 3．All the criticism the pupil had received was quite discouraging (discourage)． 4．He feels annoyed (annoy) when the flight is late and there was no explanation. 5．I am really confused (confuse)．Could you help me with the instructions，please? 维度三　语法与写作 1．The job is appealing to the new graduates. 这项工作对于大学毕业生来说是有吸引力的。(appeal) 2．The result of the assessment was very disappointing． 评估结果令人非常失望。(disappoint) 3．The whole room is bathed in soft lighting. 整个房间沐浴在柔光之中。(bath) bathe vt.以(光线)洒满，覆盖，使沐浴(在光线里)；用水清洗 (教材原句)I enjoyed the whole experience—to be able to bathe my senses in this palace of human creativity.我很享受整个体验——能在人类创造力的殿堂里沐浴我的感官。 (1)bathe...in...　　　 使……浸满…… be bathed in 沐浴在……中，沉浸在……中 be bathed in light/sunshine　　　　　　　　　　沐浴在阳光中 be bathed in sweat 汗流浃背 (2)bath n. 沐浴， 洗澡 take/have a bath 洗 ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 ①The mother bathed (bathe) her children and asked them to go to bed. ②Last night, a full moon bathed the countryside in a silver light. ③I was taking a bath (bathe) when there was a knock at the door. ◎能力提升——微写作 ④He found that the city was bathed in a festive atmosphere. 他发现这座城市沉浸在节日的气氛中。 arrange vt.& vi.整理，布置；安排，筹备 (教材原句)Arrange the vegetables on the toast to create your portrait.把蔬菜放在烤面包上，做成你的肖像。 (1)arrange sth for sb　　　　为某人安排某事 arrange to do sth 安排做某事 arrange for sb to do sth 安排某人做某事 (2)arrangement n. 安排，筹划 make arrangements for... 为……安排好 [佳句背诵]　Have you arranged to meet him? 你安排好去见他了吗？ ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 ①Most museums also welcome school groups and arrange special activities for children. ②The company will arrange for a clerk to meet (meet) you at the airport. ③We had an arrangement (arrange) that he would clean the house and I would cook. ◎能力提升——微写作 ④I'd like to tell you that my classmates and I have arranged to visit the nearby nursing home next Saturday for the Double Ninth Festival. 我想告诉你，我和我的同学已安排好下周六重阳节去访问附近的敬老院。 课时精练(十)　Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage (时间：60分钟　满分：85分) (本栏目内容，在学生用书中以独立形式分册装订！) [基础达标] 维度一　单句语法填空(每小题1分，共10分) 1．Managing an online reputation can be challenging (challenge)． 2．If someone is suddenly very scared (scare)，you can say they nearly jumped out of their skin! 3．In fact，social activities can contribute greatly to making the children feel safe and loved (love)． 4．When he went outside half an hour later，he was astonished (astonish) to find that the little black lamb was almost white. 5．He came back in the late afternoon to discover that his suitcase was gone (go)． 6．The art show in this town next week sounds appealing(appeal)． 7．The children are just beginning to get excited (excite) about using words and forming sentences. 8．The public were pleased(please) that they would have free access to these exhibitions. 9．The question raised by the chemistry teacher was so puzzling (puzzle) that no one could solve it. 10．The people found that the soft colours in this painting were very relaxing (relax)． 维度二　完成句子(每小题2分，共10分) 1．Jerry felt a bit disappointed for his father's absence. 对于他父亲的缺席，杰瑞感到有点失望。 2．Many foreign friends are very interested in Chinese culture. 许多外国朋友对中国文化很感兴趣。 3．What I am tired of is waiting here alone． 我讨厌的是独自在这里等。 4．He seemed very embarrassed when he was caught telling a lie. 当他说谎被发现时，他似乎很尴尬。 5．The instructions on the box are very confusing． 盒子上的使用说明非常令人费解。 维度三　语法与语篇(每小题1分，共10分) It was 1.exciting (excite) to visit the National Gallery.As I wandered in it，I was 2.amazed (amaze)to see all the paintings.I felt 3.excited (excite) about the skill of the artists，their use of colour and how they played with light and shade.It was 4.surprising (surprise) then to see so many people viewing important and precious artworks through their smartphones.It might sound 5.shocking (shock)，but they seemed more 6.interested (interest) in taking photos and videos of artworks than appreciating them with their own eyes.How was it possible—I was really 7.puzzled (puzzle)—to truly appreciate the human touch of a great painting when it was reduced to a few million pixels? I thought looking at artworks through smartphones was 8.trying (try) to appreciate the countryside without being able to hear the birds sing，feel the breeze against my face or smell the flowers.Moving slowly through the National Gallery，I was 9.determined (determine) to keep my smartphone in my bag and appreciate each individual painting with the best camera in the world: my own eyes，which was 10.exhausting (exhaust) but pleasing. [素能提升] Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共27.5分) A A Family of Magazines Take a look at the descriptions below to see which magazine is right for you! Let's Talk in English ·Focus: Everyday conversational English. ·Audience: Suitable for junior high school students who want to improve their conversational English. ·Content: Covers such topics as shopping，work and family in daily American life. Hot English ·Focus: Modern，spoken English in a fun and easy­to­learn form. ·Audience: Suitable for teachers and those preparing for TOEFL and other standard exams. ·Content: Lots of idioms that no one else will teach you，useful English expressions，phrasal verbs.Real English in true contexts. Studio Classroom ·Focus: Using practical English to speak on a variety of topics. ·Audience: Suitable for high school students and those beginning to express themselves on various topics in English. ·Content: Covers such topics as current trends，technology，travel，outdoor activities，business，famous people，lifestyle and idioms. Advanced ·Focus: Expanding knowledge and developing an international perspective. ·Audience: Suitable for graduate students，business people，and advanced level students. ·Content: Articles from a variety of internationally respected magazines are used to discuss topics such as international politics，technology，finance，health and literature. How to Subscribe ·Subscribe online: Studio Classroom eShop ·Subscription Service: (0060)25339123 ·Mail: You can print an order form and mail it to our central office. Sending multiple copies of the form by mail may result in extra charges to your account. To confirm your order，please call at least 7 days after placing it: (0060)25330606. ·In person: Welcome to visit any of our branch offices and subscribe in person. 语篇解读　本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四本杂志以及如何订阅它们。 1．Who is Hot English intended for? A．Those who prepare for exams. B．Those who want to be teachers. C．Those who like shopping online. D．Those who learn written English. A　[细节理解题。根据Hot English部分中“Audience: Suitable for teachers and those preparing for TOEFL and other standard exams.”可知，Hot English适合老师和准备托福和其他考试的人，故选A项。] 2．Which magazine best suits a sales manager? A．Let's Talk in English. B．Studio Classroom. C．Hot English. D．Advanced. D　[细节理解题。根据Advanced部分中“Audience: Suitable for graduate students，business people，and advanced level students.”可知，Advanced适合销售经理，故选D项。] 3．How many types of subscription are available? A．4. B．5. C．6. D．7. A　[细节理解题。根据How to Subscribe部分中“Subscribe online，Subscription Service，Mail，In person”可知，本文介绍了四种订阅方式，故选A项。] B When it comes to the most famous 20th century painters of the United States，Grandma Moses should be mentioned，although she did not start painting until she was in her late seventies.As she once said to herself ，“I would never sit back in a rocking chair，waiting for someone to help me”．No one could have had a more active old age. She was born on a farm in New York State，one of five boys and five girls.At 12 she left home and was in domestic service until at 27 she married Thomas Moses，the hired hand of one of her employers.They farmed most of their lives，first in Virginia and then in New York State，at Eagle Bridge.She had ten children，of whom five survived; her husband died in 1927. Grandma Moses painted a little as a child and made embroidery(刺绣)pictures as a hobby，but only changed to oils in old age because her hands became too stiff(僵硬的)to sew and she still wanted to keep busy and pass the time.Her pictures were first sold at the local drugstore and at a market and were soon noticed by a businessman who bought all that she painted.Three of the pictures were exhibited in the Museum of Modern Art，and in 1940 she had her first exhibition in New York.Between the 1930's and her death，she produced some 2，000 pictures: careful and lively portrayals of the country life she had known for so long，with a wonderful sense of color and form.“I think really hard till I think of something really pretty，and then I paint it” she said. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了20世纪美国著名的画家Grandma Moses的生平，介绍了她的作品和创作风格。 4．What can we learn about Moses? A．She stopped painting in her late seventies. B．She still led an active life when she was old. C．Her marriage life was not happy. D．She painted oils as a child. B　[细节理解题。根据第一段中No one could have had a more active old age.可知，Moses老的时候仍然过着积极的生活，故选B项。] 5．What did Grandma Moses spend most of her life doing? A．Embroidering. B．Farming. C．Nursing. D．Painting. B　[细节理解题。根据第二段中They farmed most of their lives，first in Virginia and then in New York State，at Eagle Bridge.可知，Grandma Moses一生绝大部分时间都在务农，故选B项。] 6．What does the underlined word “portrayals” in the last paragraph mean? A．Directions. B．Stages. C．Surveys. D．Descriptions. D　[词义猜测题。根据第三段中Between the 1930's and her death，she produced some 2，000 pictures: careful and lively portrayals of the country life she had known for so long，with a wonderful sense of color and form.可知，画线词是对其画作的解读，画作反映其长期生活的乡村生活，所以画线词是(对乡村生活的)描述，故选D项。] 7．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A．Grandma Moses: the Best Woman Painter B．Grandma Moses and Her Farm Life C．Grandma Moses and Her Exhibition D．Grandma Moses : A Famous Woman Painter of 20th Century D　[标题归纳题。根据本文开头When it comes to the most famous 20th century painters of the United States，Grandma Moses should be mentioned，although she did not start painting until she was in her late seventies.可知，本文讲述了20世纪美国著名的画家Grandma Moses，D项(Grandma Moses：20世纪著名的女画家)为最佳标题。] C I remember doing the household chores to help my mother when I was nine.I hated changing the vacuum cleaner(真空吸尘器)bag and picking up things the machine did not suck up.Twenty years later，in 1978，with this lifelong dislike of the way the machine worked，I decided to make a bagless one. Easier said than done，of course.I didn't realize that I would spend the next five years perfecting my design，a process that resulted in 5，127 different prototypes(样机)．By the time I made my 15th prototype，my third child was born.By 2，627，my wife and I were really counting our pennies.By 3，727，my wife was giving art lessons for some extra cash，and we were getting further and further into debt.These were tough times，but each failure brought me closer to solving the problem. In the early 1980s，I started trying to get licensing agreements for my technology.The reality was very different，however.The major vacuum makers had built a business model based on the profits from bags and filters(滤网)．No one would license my idea，not because it was a bad one，but because it was bad for business.But soon after，the companies that I had talked with started making machines like mine.I had to fight legal battles on both sides of the Atlantic to protect the patents on my vacuum cleaner. I was still in financial difficulties until 1993，when my bank manager personally persuaded Lloyds Bank to lend me $1 million.Then I was able to go into production.Within two years，the Dyson vacuum cleaner became a best­seller in Britain. Today，I still embrace risk and the potential for failure as part of the process.Nothing beats the excitement of invention. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者发明无袋吸尘器的经历，揭示了“失败为成功之母”的道理。 8．What drove the author to make a bagless vacuum cleaner? A．His willingness to help mom. B．His curiosity about machines. C．His trouble in doing family chores. D．His discontent with existing cleaners. D　[细节理解题。根据第一段中I hated changing the vacuum cleaner(真空吸尘器)bag and picking up things the machine did not suck up.Twenty years later，in 1978，with this lifelong dislike of the way the machine worked，I decided to make a bagless one.可知，对于真空吸尘器的反感导致了作者研制一种无袋吸尘器，故选D项。] 9．What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us? A．The help from the author's wife. B．The financial problems of the family. C．The tough process of the new invention. D．The procedures of making a bagless cleaner. C　[段落大意题。通读第二段内容可知，第二段为总分总结构。首句Easier said than done，of course.和末句These were tough times，but each failure brought me closer to solving the problem.点明本段主旨要义：作者发明无袋吸尘器过程中遇到的一些困难。C项(这项新发明的艰难过程。)为段落大意。] 10．Why did the companies refuse to license the author's technology? A．They thought they might suffer loss. B．They considered it not good enough. C．They faced legal problems themselves. D．They had begun making such machines. A　[细节理解题。根据第三段中The major vacuum makers had built a business model based on the profits from bags and filters.No one would license my idea，not because it was a bad one，but because it was bad for business.可知，没人会认可作者的想法是因为真空吸尘器的包装袋和过滤器能够给商家带来盈利，而作者发明的无袋吸尘器会使商家失去原有的能够带来盈利的部分，因此商家担心其不能带来盈利反而可能会导致损失。故选A项。] 11．What lesson may the author learn from the experience? A．Think twice before acting. B．Failure is the mother of success. C．Actions speak louder than words. D．A good beginning makes a good ending. B　[推理判断题。根据最后一段Today，I still embrace risk and the potential for failure as part of the process.Nothing beats the excitement of invention.可知，作者的“无袋吸尘器”发明经历使他明白了风险和失败在发明过程中是可能存在的。B项(失败是成功之母。)是作者从这次经历中得出的感悟。] Ⅱ.阅读七选五(每小题2.5分，共12.5分) The end of British pub culture? British beer and pubs are famous around the world.Things are changing. 1 For thousands of years，the most important two buildings in any British village have been the church and the pub.Traditionally，the church and the pub are at the heart of any village or town，since it is where the people gather to socialize and exchange news.After all，the word “pub” is actually short for “public house”．As a result，British pubs are often old and well preserved. 2 Many British pubs have old names referring to the monarchs，such as the king's head or the queen Victoria，but of course this doesn't mean they are only for kings and queens. 3 On a cold night，the pub's landlord or landlady can always find a warm place for you by the fire.There is always honest and hearty food and plenty of drink available at an affordable price. That's how it used to be. 4 Economic downturns，governmental “austerity measures”(财政紧缩政策)，and cultural changes are causing many pubs to go out of business.People do not have spare money to spend on beer.On top of that，in 2007 smoking was banned in all public indoor spacer including spaces，including pubs，which may also have affected the numbers of customers going to pubs since then. To save their business，pubs are trying to diversify to attract new customers.Now there are a number of different types of pubs.Besides a “traditional pub”，a “gastro pub” serves higher­quality food than usual. 5 And a “theme pub” caters to specific types of customers，such as sports or karaoke fans. As you can see，British pubs now offer something for everyone.And with various “save the pub” campaign，there are signs that people are regathering around these new kinds of pubs while supporting the traditional ones to back its great British custom with pride. A．Don't British people like drinking beer? B．Many of them have become historic sites that tourists visit. C．However，is this the end of a great British tradition? D．A “microbrewery” often has fresher beer than other types of pub. E．Some pubs are allowed law to stay open after 11 pm. F．Pubs have always welcomed people from all classes and parts of society. G．Now there are worrying signs that things are beginning to decline. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英国酒吧文化的辉煌历史和衰落，到酒吧进行改革，把酒吧文化习俗传承下来的现象。 1．C　[根据上文British beer and pubs are famous around the world.Things are changing.可知，C项(然而，这是英国伟大传统的终结吗？)起到承上启下的作用，与前文为转折关系，又引起下文酒吧的辉煌和酒吧衰落改革的讨论。] 2．B　[根据上文As a result，British pubs are often old and well preserved.可知，B项(许多酒吧已经成为游客们参观的历史遗迹。)对上文起到补充说明的作用，其中them指代上文的British pubs。] 3．F　[上文Many British pubs have old names referring to the monarchs，such as the king's head or the queen Victoria，but of course this doesn't mean they are only for kings and queens.说明酒吧的名字和酒吧客人的关系。F项(酒吧一直欢迎来自社会各阶层和各阶层的人。)对上文起到进一步的解释说明作用。] 4．G　[下文Economic downturns，governmental “austerity measures”(财政紧缩政策)，and cultural changes are causing many pubs to go out of business.People do not have spare money to spend on beer.说明了酒吧衰退的原因。G项(现在有一些令人担忧的迹象表明，情况正在开始恶化。)起到引起下文的作用。下文说明是哪些令人担忧的迹象使得酒吧的情况恶化。] 5．D　[上文To save their business，pubs are trying to diversify to attract new customers.Now there are a number of different types of pubs.说明酒吧开始改革，让酒吧主题多样化，以吸引新顾客。D项(“微酿酒厂”的啤酒通常比其他类型的酒吧更新鲜。)说明了“微酿酒厂”是上文提到的不同类型酒吧中的一种，起到对上文的补充说明作用。] Ⅲ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分) (2022·江西省南昌市第二中学高一上学期期末) Camille Pissarro (1830－1903) was 1. only painter who took part in all eight of the Impressionist exhibitions 2. (hold) in Paris.It was in 1855 that Pissarro moved there and Paris was the place 3. he started to develop as a painter.He 4. (meet) other painters like Monet，whose work influenced him and he began his move towards Impressionism.Pissarro later influenced other painters that were 5. (young) than him such as Cezanne.Another painter he encouraged was the young Van Gogh. In 1893，he began experimenting with urban(城市的)views of Paris which 6. (paint) from the windows of hotels or apartments.In a letter he wrote to his son，he said，“I am happy 7. (be) able to paint these Paris streets that people find ugly 8. which are so silvery，lively and bright.” Effect of Rain is a painting which explores the effect of rain in the early afternoon.The movement and activities 9. (take) place in the street were captured(捕捉)by him.The colors Pissarro uses are not bright but he 10. (brilliant) produces the visual(视觉的)effect that comes from the wet streets. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了抽象派画家卡米耶·毕沙罗的成就、对他人的影响和作品特点等情况。 1．解析：　the　考查冠词。句意：卡米耶·毕沙罗是唯一一位参加了所有8次在巴黎举办的印象派展览的画家。根据空后形容词only可知，此处表示特指，应用定冠词the。 2．解析：　held　考查非谓语动词。句意参考上题。本空在句中作定语、修饰名词exhibitions，动词hold与exhibitions 之间是被动关系，故本空应用动词­ed形式作定语。 3．解析：　where　考查定语从句。本空引导定语从句，修饰名词place，本空在从句中作地点状语，故本空应用关系副词where。 4．解析：　met　考查动词的时态。根据从句谓语动词influenced可知，本句动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时。 5．解析：　younger　考查形容词的比较级。根据空后than可知，本空应用比较级形式。 6．解析：　were painted　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语In 1893可知，本空应用一般过去时；且句子主语which指的是views of Paris和动词paint之间为被动关系，故本空应用一般过去时的被动语态，注意本句主语views of Paris为复数。 7．解析：　to be　考查非谓语动词。be happy to do sth意为“很开心做某事”，故本空应用动词不定式形式。 8．解析：　but　考查连词。根据句意可知，空前that people find ugly和空后which are so silvery，lively and bright均为修饰名词Paris streets的定语从句，且两个定语从句之间为转折关系，故本空应用连词but。 9．解析：　taking　考查非谓语动词。本空在句中作定语，修饰名词movement and activities，动词短语take place和被修饰名词之间为主动关系，故本空应用动词­ing形式。 10．解析：　brilliantly　考查词性转换。本空修饰动词produces，故应用副词brilliantly。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $