第28讲 主谓一致（专项训练）（全国通用）2026年高考英语一轮复习讲练测

第27讲 虚拟语气 目录 01 课标达标练 考向01 考查语法一致原则 考向02 考查就近原则 考向03 考查意义一致原则 考向04 考查时态、语态与主谓一致的综合运用 02 核心突破练 03 真题溯源练 考向01 考查语法一致原则 在空白处填入括号内单词的适当形式 1．Two-fifths of our students (admit) to the well-known university so far. 【答案】have been admitted 【详解】考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，我们的学生中有五分之二被著名大学录取。空处是句子的谓语动词，根据时间状语so far判断应用现在完成时，主语students与admit之间是被动关系，应用现在完成时的被动语态，主语“Two-fifths of our students”为分数修饰复数名词，谓语动词用复数，故助动词用have。故填have been admitted。 2．Many a student (realize) the importance of learning a foreign language. 【答案】has realized 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：许多学生都意识到了学习一门外语的重要性。空格处是谓语动词，句子强调一种影响或结果应该用现在完成时；“many a+单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。故填has realized。 3．Bullying in schools (threat) students’ mental health, which is why many institutions have implemented anti-bullying programs. 【答案】threatens 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：学校里的欺凌行为威胁着学生的心理健康，这就是为什么许多机构实施了反欺凌计划。根据句意可知，句子陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，空格处为谓语动词，“Bullying in schools”为动名词短语，谓语动词应用单数形式，“threat”对应的动词为“threaten”，意为“威胁”，三单形式为“threatens”。故填threatens。 4．Relaying messages along the Great Wall by lighting fires (be) a very significant way of contact in ancient times. 【答案】is/was 【详解】考查主谓一致和时态。句意：在古代，通过沿着长城点燃烽火传递消息是一种非常重要的联络方式。空处是句子的谓语动词，该句可以理解为陈述事实用一般现在时，也可以表示过去发生的事，用一般过去时。句子的主语为动名词短语“Relaying messages along the Great Wall by lighting fires”，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式，be动词用is/was。故填is/was。 5．Three-fourths of the (apartment) in the area have no heat so it is not convenient to live in them. 【答案】apartments 【详解】考查名词复数。句意：该地区四分之三的公寓没有暖气，所以住在那里不方便。“分数+of+名词”作主语，谓语动词的数与其后的名词保持一致；句中谓语动词是have，复数形式，所以apartment也为复数形式。故填apartments。 6．—You’ve drunk too little. Two thirds of the milk (be) still left in the bottle. —I’m full now. 【答案】is 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：——你喝得太少了。瓶子里还剩下三分之二的牛奶。——我已经饱了。“分数或百分数＋of＋名词”以及构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词形式要以 of 后面的名词而定，此处milk为不可数名词，陈述事实用一般现在时，故填is。 7．“To be, or not to be” (refer) to the choices to be made between dying or continuing to live. 【答案】refers 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：“生存还是毁灭”指的是在死亡和继续活下去之间做出的选择。分析句意可知，本句时态为一般现在时，又因为主语“To be, or not to be”是动词不定式，看作是第三人称单数，所以谓语动词应该用动词的第三人称单数形式。故填refers。 8．I think writing information down always (make) it easier for you to review it later. 【答案】makes 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：我认为把信息写下来总是让你以后回顾起来更容易。设空处在省略that的宾语从句中作谓语，根据根据上文think以及从句中“always”可知从句为一般现在时，主语writing information down为动名词作主语，谓语用三单形式。故填makes。 9．More than one generation of school children to date (amaze) by Franklin’s bravery and scientific approach to looking for the truth. 【答案】has been amazed 【详解】考查谓语动词。句意：到目前为止，不止一代的学生都被富兰克林的勇气和寻找真理的科学方法所震惊。此空为谓语动词，根据时间状语to date意为“到目前为止”可知，此处应使用现在完成时，amaze与主语More than one generation of school children之间为被动关系，所以使用现在完成时的被动语态，且主语被more than one修饰时，谓语动词应使用单数形式。故填has been amazed。 10．When (walk) his dog in the park, he came across an old friend of his. 【答案】walking 【详解】考查时态，主谓一致和省略。句意：在公园遛狗的时候，他碰到了他的一位老朋友。when引导的时间状语从句表示“当他在公园遛狗的时候”，由came可知，从句中时态用过去进行时，主语he是单数，因此when引导的从句是when he was walking his dog in the park，从句中主语和主句的主语一致，且从句中有be动词时，可省略从句中的主语和be动词，因此空格处用walking。故填walking。 考向02 考查就近原则 在空白处填入括号内单词的适当形式 1．Either you or one of your students (be) to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow. 【答案】is 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：要么你，要么你的一个学生要参加明天的会议。either...or...连接两个并列的主语时，谓语动词需遵循“就近原则”，即与离谓语动词最近的主语保持一致。本句中离谓语动词较近的主语是one of your students，为单数形式，且根据“that is due tomorrow”可知，句子描述的是将来的情况，be to do结构表示按照计划或安排将要发生的事情，所以be动词用is。故填is。 2．It's not my friends but my teacher always (say) that everyone should be able to make their own lifestyle choices. 【答案】says 【详解】考查主谓一致和时态。句意：不是我的朋友，而是我的老师总是说每个人都应该能够做出自己的生活方式选择。“not...but...”连接两个并列的主语my friends和my teacher时，谓语动词遵循“就近原则”，即与靠近它的主语my teacher在数上保持一致，用单数形式；根据always可知，句子描述经常性的动作，用一般现在时。故填says。 3．Either you or the headmaster (be) to hand out the prizes to those gifted students at the meeting. 【答案】is 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：要么是你，要么是校长将在会议上向那些有天赋的学生颁发奖品。结合句意，此处表示客观事实，所以使用一般现在时，根据“either...or...”意为“要么……要么……”连接两个主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近原则”可知，此处靠近谓语的主语是“the headmaster”为第三人称单数，所以be动词用is。故填is。 4．While you watch the film The Jungle Book, you’ll feel that not only the animals but also the forest (look) so real. 【答案】looks 【详解】考查时态、主谓一致。句意：当你观看电影《奇幻森林》时，你会觉得不仅动物，而且森林看起来都很真实。因句子表示的是一个客观情况，谓语动词使用一般现在时。“not only...but also...”连接两个并列主语the animals 和the forest，根据主谓一致的就近原则，谓语动词应与离它较近的主语the forest保持一致，the forest是单数，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式looks。故填looks。 5．Neither you nor any student in your class (know) the correct answer to such a difficult math problem, even though it’s been covered in class recently. 【答案】knows 【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：你和你班上的任何学生都不知道这么难的数学题的正确答案，尽管最近课堂上已经讨论过了。根据“even though it’s been covered in class recently”可知，句子描述的是当前的事实，因此使用一般现在时，neither... nor...连接两个主语时，谓语动词的形式与靠近谓语的主语保持一致，any student为单数，know“知道”要用第三人称单数形式。故填knows。 6．Neither the parents nor their son (be) satisfied with the result. 【答案】was 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：父母和儿子对结果都不满意。neither...nor...连接并列名词作主语时，谓语动词的数遵循就近原则，且动作发生在过去，用一般过去时，be动词使用was。故填was。 7．It’s fun for amateurs to try, but to become good at it, not only natural talent but also years of practice (need). 【答案】is needed 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：对于业余爱好者来说，尝试它很有趣，但要擅长它，不仅需要天赋，还需要多年的练习。not only...but also...连接并列主语时，谓语动词要遵循“就近原则”，此处need和主语years of practice之间为被动关系，主语为第三人称单数，描述客观事实，用一般现在时。故填is needed。 8． (be) either you or I going there tomorrow? 【答案】Are 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：明天是你还是我去那里？根据“going”以及“tomorrow”可知，这里是现在进行时表将来，所填be应是时态助动词；同时结合句子的主语“either you or I”为“either A or B”结构，应是遵循就近原则，be的位置靠近“you”，应是用are，置于句首，首字母大写。故填Are。 9．In the past thirty years, there (be) great changes in every field of life in our country. 【答案】have been 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：在过去的三十年里，我国生活的各个领域都发生了巨大的变化。设空处为句子谓语动词，根据时间状语In the past thirty years可知，应用现在完成时，主语changes为复数，谓语动词用复数形式。故填have been。 10．I still hold the opinion that neither my wife nor I myself (be)to blame for the accident. 【答案】am 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：我仍然认为事故不应归咎于我妻子和我自己。句子描述现在的一般情况，应用一般现在时，neither...nor“既不……也不……”连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词采用就近原则，故空处be的形式应和I myself保持一致。故填am。 考向03 考查意义一致原则 在空白处填入括号内单词的适当形式 1．The (injure) in the accident were taken to the hospital when I got there. 【答案】injured 【解析】考查形容词。句意：我到那里时，事故中的伤者已经被送进了医院。“the + 形容词”表示一类人。the injured受伤的人，在此句中作主语。故填injured。 2．Every boy and every girl (wish) to attend the English Evening to be held on Saturday. 【答案】wishes 【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：每个男孩和女孩都希望参加周六举行的英语晚会。当“every + 单数名词 + and + every + 单数名词”结构作主语时，谓语动词需用单数形式。本句中“Every boy and every girl”作为主语，谓语动词用单数，结合句意可知，该句应为陈述一般事实，为一般现在时，因此“wish”应使用第三人称单数形式“wishes”。故填wishes。 3．At first the price of single copies was seldom a penny — usually two or three cents (charge)... 【答案】was charged 【解析】考查被动语态和主谓一致。句意：起初，单份的价格很少是一便士——通常两三分钱被收取……。分析句子可知，设空处为谓语动词，主语“two or three cents”与谓语动词charge之间是被动关系，且根据前文was可知，此处应用一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为“was/were+过去分词”，表示金钱、价格、时间、距离、长度等复数名词、词组作主语时，一般被看作一个整体，谓语动词遵循意义一致原则，常用单数形式，be动词用was。故填was charged。 4．With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of agricultural land (be) being washed away each year. 【答案】are 【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：随着更多森林被破坏，每年都有大量的农田被冲走。“quantities of +名词”作主语时，无论其后接可数名词复数还是不可数名词，谓语动词的形式都用复数形式，此处“huge quantities of agricultural land”作主语，be动词用are与空后的being washed away构成现在进行时的被动语态作谓语。故填are。 5．May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which (name) officially by the United Nations on November 27th, 2019. 【答案】was named 【解析】考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：今年5月21日是第一个国际茶叶日，它于2019年11月27日被联合国正式命名。which_______ officially by the United Nations on November 27th, 2019是关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句，which代替May 21st，在从句中作主语，表示单数概念，所填词作谓语要用第三人称单数形式。由于主语不能发出动作，2019是过去的时间，要用一般过去时的被动语态结构was+过去分词。故填was named。 6．Our teacher tells us that physics (be) a fundamental subject in science. 【答案】is 【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：我们的老师告诉我们物理是理科的一门基础学科。句中physics(物理学)是学科名词，属于不可数名词，作主语时谓语动词需用单数形式。且句子陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，故be动词用is。故填is。 7．Do you know when the professor and the writer (be) to come to give us a speech? 【答案】are 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：你知道那位教授和那位作家什么时候来给我们作演讲吗？根据句意和空后to come可知，此处应用一般现在时表将来。宾语从句的主语是the professor and the writer，指的是两个人，意思是“那位教授和那位作家”，谓语动词应用复数形式。故填are。 8．Every boy and every girl in our country (receive) free education. 【答案】receives 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：我们国家的每个男孩和女孩都接受免费教育。句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，every...and every...作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，因此空格处是第三人称单数。故填receives。 9．Now the number of people in the city (be) more than twice what it was in 1949. The figure is now approaching 4 million. 【答案】is 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：现在这个城市的人口是1949年的两倍多。这个数字现在接近400万。根据句意和时间状语Now可知，此处描述现在的一般事实，应用一般现在时。主语是the number of people“人口的数量”，谓语动词应用单数形式。故填is。 10．After they volunteered in the library, each book and each paper (be) in proper place. 【答案】was 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：他们在图书馆做完志愿者后，每一本书和每一份文件都放在了合适的位置。当“each...and each...”结构作主语时，谓语动词需用单数形式。句中主语为each book and each paper，且由前文可知，句子描述的是过去发生的事情，故be动词用单数过去式was。故填was。 考向04 考查时态、语态、主谓一致的综合运用 在空白处填入括号内单词的适当形式 1．Many historical temples during the Ming Dynasty, and their careful has preserved them for centuries. (construction) 【答案】 were constructed construction 【详解】考查时态和语态，主谓一致和名词。句意：许多历史悠久的寺庙建于明代，它们的精心建造使它们保存了几个世纪。空1是谓语，主语和谓语之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，并且根据时间状语during the Ming Dynasty可知是一般过去时，主语temples，谓语为复数形式，应填were constructed；空2为主语，应用名词construction，不可数名词。故填were constructed；construction。 2．Many ancient Chinese legends from the oral traditions of different ethnic groups, passed down through generations by storytelling. (origin)   【答案】originate 【详解】考查动词。句意：许多中国古代传说源自不同民族的口头传统，通过讲故事代代相传。此处为动词作谓语，origin是名词，意为“起源”，其对应的动词形式是originate，意为“起源于”，且“originate from”为固定搭配，意为“源自”；句子陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语“Many ancient Chinese legends”为复数形式，谓语动词用原形。故填originate。 3．Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, ... 【答案】walks 【详解】考查时态。句意：此外，温室周围的丝路花园能带领游客开启一段受古丝绸之路启发的旅程，……。空处为句子谓语动词，陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语the Silk Route Garden是第三人称单数，谓语动词应用单数形式walks。故填walks。 4．Doing something creative or playful can be one of the most helpful things if you (trap) in a boring life. 【答案】are trapped 【详解】考查动词语态。句意：如果你被无聊的生活所困，做一些有创意或有趣的事情可能是最有帮助的事情之一。设空处作从句谓语，该句整体陈述客观事实，且根据主句谓语can be可知，应用一般现在时，动词trap与从句主语为动宾关系，表示“被困住”，应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为第二人称，助动词应用are。故填are trapped。 5．The subject, demanding advanced mathematics and daily hours of painstaking calculation, is far more difficult than everybody has previously (expect). 【答案】expected 【详解】考查时态。句意：这门学科需要高等数学知识和每天数小时的艰苦计算，比所有人之前预料的要难得多。空处为状语从句的谓语动词，表示到目前为止刚刚完成的动作，应用现在完成时，已有助动词has，空处填过去分词expected。故填expected。 6．By the time he died at the age of 98, he (conduct) a great deal of research to explore the impact of this phenomenon. 【答案】had conducted 【详解】考查时态。句意：到他98岁去世时，他已经进行了大量研究来探索这一现象的影响。主句动作conduct“实施”发生在died之前，表示“过去的过去”，时态需用过去完成时，故填had conducted。 7．Personally, I think store shopping will exist along with online shopping and will never (replace). 【答案】be replaced 【详解】考查被动语态。句意：就我个人而言，我认为实体店购物将与网上购物一起存在，永远不会被取代。主语store shopping和replace之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，will后接动词原形，故填be replaced。 8．—Why do you look so upset? —The electricity was cut off suddenly and my homework (leave) unfinished since. 【答案】has been left 【详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：——你为什么看起来这么沮丧？——突然停电了，我的作业从那以后就一直没写完。此处为谓语动词，根据“since”（从那以后）可知，此处使用现在完成时，强调动作从过去持续到现在且对现在有影响；“my homework”与“leave”（使处于……状态）之间是被动关系，所以此处使用现在完成的被动语态；主语“my homework”为不可数名词，助动词用has，所以谓语动词为has been left。故填has been left。 9．By the Warring States Period, Shu brocade (treasure) widely, becoming an important export product. 【答案】had been treasured 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：到战国时期，蜀锦已被广泛珍视，成为重要的出口产品。根据时间状语By the Warring States Period可知，谓语动词用过去完成时，表示在过去某个时间以前就已经完成的动作；动词treasure和主语之间是被动关系，用被动语态。故填had been treasured。 10．The students have been working hard on their lessons and (reward) with success in their efforts in the end. 【答案】will be rewarded 【详解】考查动词的时态和语态。句意：学生们一直在努力学习功课，最终他们的努力将会得到成功的回报。reward为动词，意为“回报”，主语The students与谓语动词reward之间是被动关系，需用被动语态；结合语境，“努力学习”是当前持续的动作，“得到回报”是未来会发生的结果，应用一般将来时的被动语态“will be+过去分词”，reward的过去分词为rewarded。故填will be rewarded。 题型 语法填空 Passage 1 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Herbal medicine is an important part of Chinese culture and the practice of traditional Chinese medicine. The emperor Shen Nong is said to have tasted 100 herbs, 1 allowed him to teach the Chinese people how to use them in their diet and 2 (treat) for illness. These herbs help the body to stay in balance and goji berries are one of them. Since 200 B．C．, goji berries 3 (use) in traditional Chinese medicine. In China, goji berries are known 4 “wolfberry fruit” and they were once mentioned in the oldest book of Chinese herbs in existence, Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing. They are also known to act 5 (positive) on the organs because of the detoxifying (解毒) properties, thus 6 (contribute) to our qi and energy. Goji berries are 7 excellent source of antioxidants (抗氧化剂), amino acids and 20 other trace 8 (mineral). The list of goji berry benefits is long, including 9 (it) ability to promote healthy skin, protect eye health, adjust blood sugar levels and fight cancer. In China, goji berries are commonly cooked and added to recipes like porridge, soups and dishes 10 (make) with chicken, pork or vegetables. They are also used to make various teas, juices and wines. 【答案】 1．which 2．treatment 3．have been used 4．as 5．positively 6．contributing 7．an 8．minerals 9．its 10．made 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了枸杞作为一种中药材的用途和营养成分。 1．考查定语从句。句意：据说神农皇帝尝过100种草药，这使他能够教中国人如何在饮食和治疗疾病中使用它们。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，且从句中缺少主语，先行词为前面整个句子，应用关系代词which引用该从句。故填which。 2．考查名词。句意：据说神农皇帝尝过100种草药，这使他能够教中国人如何在饮食和治疗疾病中使用它们。根据空前的“their diet and”可知，此处应用名词形式treatment与“diet”并列，作介词in的宾语。故填treatment。 3．考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：自公元前200年以来，枸杞就被用于传统中药中。根据时间状语“Since 200 B.C.”可知，句子时态应用现在完成时，且主语“goji berries”与动词use之间为被动关系，应用被动语态；主语为复数，助动词用have。故填have been used。 4．考查介词。句意：在中国，枸杞被称为“枸杞子”，在现存最古老的中草药书籍《神农本草经》中曾提到过枸杞子。此处考查固定搭配be known as意为“作为……而出名”。故填as。 5．考查副词。句意：由于排毒的特性，它们也被认为对器官有积极的作用，从而有助于我们的气和能量。此处应用副词形式positively作状语，修饰动词短语act on。故填positively。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：由于排毒的特性，它们也被认为对器官有积极的作用，从而有助于我们的气和能量。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词，此处应用非谓语动词作状语；主语“they”与动词contribute之间是主动关系，且表示自然而然的结果，应用现在分词作状语。故填contributing。 7．考查冠词。句意：枸杞是抗氧化剂、氨基酸和其他20种微量矿物质的极好来源。根据空格后的单数可数名词source可知，空格处应该用不定冠词，泛指“一个”，且excellent的发音是以元音音素开头，应用不定冠词an修饰。故填an。 8．考查名词复数。句意：枸杞是抗氧化剂、氨基酸和其他20种微量矿物质的极好来源。mineral意为“矿物质”，根据“20 other trace”可知，此处是可数名词，应用其复数形式。故填minerals。 9．考查代词。句意：枸杞的好处很多，包括促进皮肤健康、保护眼睛健康、调节血糖水平和抗癌。此处应用形容词性物主代词作定语，修饰名词“ability”。故填its。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：在中国，枸杞通常被煮熟，加入到粥、汤和鸡肉、猪肉或蔬菜制成的菜肴中。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词，此处应用非谓语动词；动词make与dishes之间为被动关系，应用其过去分词作后置定语。故填made。 Passage 2 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Blind boxes have taken the world by storm, catching the imaginations of collectors and new buyers alike. These mystery boxes, containing 11 (hide) items revealed only after purchase, offer a mix of surprise and exclusivity (独家性). From toys to high-end collectibles, 12 blind box trend attracts anyone seeking excitement or wanting to add something unique to their collection. The appeal lies in the excitement of not knowing 13 is inside, combined with the desire to complete a set or find rare items. This concept of discovery keeps collectors 14 (come) back for more and has helped transform the blind box industry into a multibillion-dollar market. For those new 15 the blind box world, starting a collection can be a rewarding experience. Begin by selecting a brand or theme that matches your interests. Many collectors recommend focusing on a specific series, which makes the collection more personal 16 helps prevent unnecessary purchases. Engaging with the community can also enhance your collecting journey. There are countless social media groups where collectors share tips and discuss new 17 (release). Connecting with other collectors 18 (allow) you to trade the same items, find rare pieces, and share in the excitement of each new 19 (add) to your collection. Whether you’re an experienced collector or a newcomer, the world of blind boxes offers 20 (end) possibilities, turning every unboxing into an adventure. 【答案】 11．hidden 12．the 13．what 14．coming 15．to 16．and 17．releases 18．allows 19．addition 20．endless 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了盲盒趋势吸引了任何寻求刺激或想要为他们的收藏增添独特东西的人。 11．考查形容词。句意：这些神秘的盒子，包含隐藏的物品，只有在购买后才会显示，提供惊喜和排他性的混合。空处修饰名词items，应填形容词hidden作定语，故填hidden。 12．考查冠词。句意：从玩具到高端收藏品，盲盒趋势吸引了任何寻求刺激或想要为他们的收藏增添独特东西的人。结合“blind box”可知，trend表示特指，应用定冠词the修饰，故填the。 13．考查宾语从句。句意：这种游戏的吸引力在于玩家不知道里面有什么，同时也希望完成一套道具或找到稀有道具。空处引导宾语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，指物，应用连接代词what引导，故填what。 14．考查非谓语动词。句意：这种发现的概念让收藏家们不断回访，并帮助盲盒行业变成了一个价值数十亿美元的市场。此处是“keep+宾语+宾补”结构，come和宾语collectors之间是逻辑主动关系，应用现在分词作宾补，故填coming。 15．考查介词。句意：对于那些刚进入盲盒世界的人来说，开始收藏可能是一种有益的体验。new to sth“刚刚接触某物”，固定搭配，to是介词，故填to。 16．考查连词。句意：许多收藏家建议专注于一个特定的系列，这使收藏更加个性化，并有助于防止不必要的购买。makes the collection more personal和helps prevent unnecessary purchases是并列的动词短语，用并列连词and连接，故填and。 17．考查名词复数。句意：收藏者在无数的社交媒体群中分享心得，讨论新发行的作品。release“新发行的东西”在句中用作可数名词，此处应用名词复数表示泛指，故填releases。 18．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：与其他收藏家联系可以让你交易相同的物品，找到罕见的作品，并分享每一个新增加到你的收藏的兴奋。结合上下文时态和句意可知，此处描述事实，使用一般现在时，主语Connecting with other collectors是动名词短语，表示单数意义，谓语动词使用三单形式，故填allows。 19．考查名词。句意：同上。空处作of的宾语，前面有形容词修饰，应填名词addition，故填addition。 20．考查形容词。句意：无论你是一个有经验的收藏家还是一个新手，盲盒的世界提供了无限的可能性，把每一次打开盒子都变成了一次冒险。空处修饰名词possibilities，应填形容词作定语，endless“无限的”，形容词，故填endless。 Passage 2 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Zhen Shisheng is a man with hearing loss and speech difficulties. 21 his physical difficulties, Zhen has lived a meaningful life, thanks to his interest and talent in and enthusiasm for the traditional Shanxi art of fahua ware. Fahua ware, which is mostly made in the south and east of Shanxi, is the porcelain (瓷器) version of cloisonne (景泰蓝), 22 the design elements are separated by copper wires. Porcelain featuring these techniques 23 (fire) at lower temperatures with the different colored glazes and enamels applied to individual areas created by the slip lines. When 24 (recall) his experience to learn the techniques to make this Shanxi handicraft with a history of hundreds of years, he said, “When you lose some abilities, you would cherish all the others 25 (leave) to you,” Zhen said in sign language. “Only when you apply all your senses and abilities to your subject of work can you 26 (possible) succeed.” Zhen learned the craft from his father, who is 27 master fahua ware craftsman in a porcelain factory. Zhen’s creativity and innovation are demonstrated in the 28 (free) of using lines and glaze colors, as well as the selection of patterns and images for decoration. The hardest part of learning to make fahua ware is that the fahua techniques 29 (lose) for about 300 years, and today’s revival of the art has been made through artists’ painstaking research into ancient documents and 30 (exist) museum exhibits, as well as their own imagination. And he believes this cultural heritage can be passed down to future generations. 【答案】 21．Despite 22．where 23．is fired 24．recalling 25．left 26．possibly 27．a 28．freedom 29．have been lost 30．existing 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了有听力障碍和语言困难的甄世盛，凭借对山西传统艺术法华器的兴趣和热情，过上了有意义的生活，同时介绍了法华器的制作特点、学习法华器制作技术的困难以及其文化价值。 21．考查介词。句意：尽管身体上有困难，甄世盛还是过上了有意义的生活，这得益于他对山西传统艺术法华器的兴趣、天赋和热情。‌“_____ his physical difficulties”为让步状语，表示“尽管有身体上的困难”，用介词despite构成介词短语作状语；句首单词首字母大写。故填Despite。 22．考查定语从句。句意：法华器主要产自山西南部和东部，是景泰蓝的瓷器版本，其纹饰通过铜线分隔构成。‌“_____ the design elements are separated by copper wires”为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“the porcelain (瓷器) version of cloisonne (景泰蓝)”，关系词将其代入定语从句中作状语，表示“在这种瓷器上”，是模糊地点，应关系副词where引导该从句。故填where。 23．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：采用这些技术的瓷器在较低的温度下烧制，在不同的彩色釉料和珐琅上涂在由釉线形成的各个区域。fire(烧制)是谓语动词，与主语“Porcelain”之间是被动关系，讲述客观事实，用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是不可数名词，谓语用单数形式。故填is fired。 24．考查非谓语动词。句意：当回忆起学习这种有数百年历史的山西手工艺品的经历时，他说：“当你失去一些能力时，你会珍惜所有留给你的一切。”‌“_____ (recall) his experience to learn the techniques to make this Shanxi handicraft with a history of hundreds of years”作时间状语，recall(回忆)用非谓语形式，与其逻辑主语“he”之间是主动关系，用现在分词表主动。故填recalling。 25．考查非谓语动词。句意：当回忆起学习这种有数百年历史的山西手工艺品的经历时，他说：“当你失去一些能力时，你会珍惜所有留给你的一切。”‌“(leave) to you”作后置定语，leave(留下)用非谓语形式，与其逻辑主语“all the others”之间是被动关系，用过去分词表被动。故填left。 26．考查副词。句意：只有当你运用所有的感官和能力去从事你的工作时，你才有可能成功。提示词修饰动词succeed，用副词possibly作状语，意为“可能”。故填possibly。 27．考查冠词。句意：甄世盛从他的父亲那里学到了这门手艺，他的父亲是一家瓷器厂的法华器制作大师。craftsman(手艺人)是可数名词，此处泛指“一位大师”，且master发音以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。 28．考查名词。句意：甄世盛的创造力和创新体现在线条和釉色的自由运用上，以及装饰图案和形象的选择上。提示词作介词“in”的宾语，用名词freedom，意为“自由”，不可数名词。故填freedom。 29．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：学习制作法华器最难的部分是法华器技术已经失传了大约300年，而今天这项艺术的复兴是通过艺术家们对古代文献和现有的博物馆展品进行艰苦研究，以及他们自己的想象力实现的。lose(遗失；丢失)是表语从句中谓语动词，与主语“the fahua techniques”之间是被动关系，结合时间状语“for about 300 years”可知，讲述从过去持续到现在的动作，应用现在完成时的被动语态，主语是复数名词，谓语动词用复数形式。故填have been lost。 30．考查形容词。句意：学习制作法华器最难的部分是法华器技术已经失传了大约300年，而今天这项艺术的复兴是通过艺术家们对古代文献和现有的博物馆展品进行艰苦研究，以及他们自己的想象力实现的。提示词修饰名词词组museum exhibits，用形容词existing作定语，意为“现有的”。故填existing。 1.（2025年北京卷）Some choices are quick, while others take more thought. Usually, better outcomes 16 (achieve) through a thorough understanding of strategies like risk tolerance. 【答案】are achieved 【解析】考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：通常，通过充分了解风险承受能力等策略，可以取得更好的结果。根据时间状语“Usually”可知，此处表示经常性、习惯性的动作，时态应用一般现在时；主语better outcomes和动词achieve“实现”之间是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态；主语better outcomes是复数，be动词应用are。故填are achieved。 2.（2023年天津3月卷）Human impact on the animal kingdom, such as hunting and destruction of habitats, ___________a reduction in the population of certain species in the past three decades. A．has caused B．have caused C．was causing D．were causing 【答案】 A 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：人类对动物王国的影响，如狩猎和破坏栖息地，在过去的30年里导致了某些物种的数量的减少。设空处为谓语，根据时间状语in the past three decades可知应用现在完成时，主语Human impact，谓语用第三人称单数，故选A。 3.（2022年北京卷）The use of those plastics (increase) by 300% since 2019. The world won’t survive if this situation continues. 【答案】 has increased 【解析】考查现在完成时。句意：自从2019年，那些塑料的使用已经增加了300%。根据句中since 2019，可知此处用现在完成时。主语The use of those plastics为单数含义，助动词用has。故填has increased。 4.（2021年北京卷）There __________ (be) a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years, caused largely by rising global temperatures, according to a new report from the United Nations. 【答案】has been 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：根据联合国的一份新报告，过去20年里，极端天气事件的数量急剧增加，这在很大程度上是由全球气温上升造成的。根据时间状语over the past 20 years可知，此处使用现在完成时，a dramatic rise是单数感念，助动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填has been。 5.（2022年新课标I卷）The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that __________ (be) previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority to increase effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management. 【答案】were 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构，以提高效率，减少管理上的不一致性。设空处在that引导的限制性定语从句中作谓语，先行词为a significant number of areas，先行词在从句中作主语，根据“previously (之前地)”可知从句的时态应为一般过去时，根据主谓一致，从句主语复数，从句谓语复数形式。故填were。 6.（2022年全国甲卷）In the last five years, Cao _________ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s highest mountain. 【答案】has walked 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：在过去的五年中，曹操穿越了六大洲的34个国家，2016年，他到达了乞力马扎罗山顶，这是非洲最高的山峰。根据时间状语in the last five years可知，此处应用现在完成时，主语Cao为第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has walked。 7.（2022年新课标II卷）Henry _________ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. 【答案】 was fixing 【解析】句意：听到尖叫声时，亨利正在修车。根据句子结构，设空处应该填写谓语动词。根据空后的when he heard the screams，可知，这是“was/were doing…when…”句型，设空处的动作是正在发生的，同时该句描述的是过去的事实。故使用过去进行时。fix为动词，意为“修理”，其过去进行时为was fixing。故填was fixing。 8.（2022年北京卷）The use of those plastics _________ (increase) by 300% since 2019. The world won’t survive if this situation continues. 【答案】has increased 【解析】考查现在完成时。句意：自从2019年，那些塑料的使用已经增加了300%。根据句中since 2019，可知此处用现在完成时。主语The use of those plastics为单数含义，助动词用has。故填has increased。 9.（2022年浙江1月卷）On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, roughly 200 academics - many of them climate scientists _________ (promise) to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago. 【答案】have promised 【解析】考查时态。句意：例如，在一个叫“无飞行科学家”的网站上，自从两年前成立以来，大约有200个学者，他们中很多人承诺尽可能少飞行。根据时间状语“since+过去时间”可知主句应使用现在完成时，故填have promised。 10.（2021年新课标I卷）What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how hard it _________ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. 【答案】 was 【解析】考查主谓一致和时态。主语是第三人称单数it，时间状语是then，所以用was。 11.（2021年全国甲卷）The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history. It _________ (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复). 【答案】was built 【解析】句意：它最初是为了保护唐代的城市而建造的，现在已经完全修复了。分析句子可知，空格处为谓语，动词build和主语之间是被动关系，应用被动语态（be done），根据句意和时间状语the Tang dynasty可知，用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式，主语it为第三人称单数，主谓一致，故填was built。 20 / 20 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 第27讲 虚拟语气 目录 01 课标达标练 考向01 考查语法一致原则 考向02 考查就近原则 考向03 考查意义一致原则 考向04 考查时态、语态与主谓一致的综合运用 02 核心突破练 03 真题溯源练 考向01 考查语法一致原则 在空白处填入括号内单词的适当形式 1．Two-fifths of our students (admit) to the well-known university so far. 2．Many a student (realize) the importance of learning a foreign language. 3．Bullying in schools (threat) students’ mental health, which is why many institutions have implemented anti-bullying programs. 4．Relaying messages along the Great Wall by lighting fires (be) a very significant way of contact in ancient times. 5．Three-fourths of the (apartment) in the area have no heat so it is not convenient to live in them. 6．—You’ve drunk too little. Two thirds of the milk (be) still left in the bottle. —I’m full now. 7．“To be, or not to be” (refer) to the choices to be made between dying or continuing to live. 8．I think writing information down always (make) it easier for you to review it later. 9．More than one generation of school children to date (amaze) by Franklin’s bravery and scientific approach to looking for the truth. 10．When (walk) his dog in the park, he came across an old friend of his. 考向02 考查就近原则 在空白处填入括号内单词的适当形式 1．Either you or one of your students (be) to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow. 2．It's not my friends but my teacher always (say) that everyone should be able to make their own lifestyle choices. 3．Either you or the headmaster (be) to hand out the prizes to those gifted students at the meeting. 4．While you watch the film The Jungle Book, you’ll feel that not only the animals but also the forest (look) so real. 5．Neither you nor any student in your class (know) the correct answer to such a difficult math problem, even though it’s been covered in class recently. 6．Neither the parents nor their son (be) satisfied with the result. 7．It’s fun for amateurs to try, but to become good at it, not only natural talent but also years of practice (need). 8． (be) either you or I going there tomorrow? 9．In the past thirty years, there (be) great changes in every field of life in our country. 10．I still hold the opinion that neither my wife nor I myself (be)to blame for the accident. 考向03 考查意义一致原则 在空白处填入括号内单词的适当形式 1．The (injure) in the accident were taken to the hospital when I got there. 2．Every boy and every girl (wish) to attend the English Evening to be held on Saturday. 3．At first the price of single copies was seldom a penny — usually two or three cents (charge)... 4．With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of agricultural land (be) being washed away each year. 5．May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which (name) officially by the United Nations on November 27th, 2019. 6．Our teacher tells us that physics (be) a fundamental subject in science. 7．Do you know when the professor and the writer (be) to come to give us a speech? 8．Every boy and every girl in our country (receive) free education. 9．Now the number of people in the city (be) more than twice what it was in 1949. The figure is now approaching 4 million. 10．After they volunteered in the library, each book and each paper (be) in proper place. 考向04 考查时态、语态、主谓一致的综合运用 在空白处填入括号内单词的适当形式 1．Many historical temples during the Ming Dynasty, and their careful has preserved them for centuries. (construction) 2．Many ancient Chinese legends from the oral traditions of different ethnic groups, passed down through generations by storytelling. (origin)   3．Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, ... 4．Doing something creative or playful can be one of the most helpful things if you (trap) in a boring life. 5．The subject, demanding advanced mathematics and daily hours of painstaking calculation, is far more difficult than everybody has previously (expect). 6．By the time he died at the age of 98, he (conduct) a great deal of research to explore the impact of this phenomenon. 7．Personally, I think store shopping will exist along with online shopping and will never (replace). 8．—Why do you look so upset? —The electricity was cut off suddenly and my homework (leave) unfinished since. 9．By the Warring States Period, Shu brocade (treasure) widely, becoming an important export product. 10．The students have been working hard on their lessons and (reward) with success in their efforts in the end. 题型 语法填空 Passage 1 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Herbal medicine is an important part of Chinese culture and the practice of traditional Chinese medicine. The emperor Shen Nong is said to have tasted 100 herbs, 1 allowed him to teach the Chinese people how to use them in their diet and 2 (treat) for illness. These herbs help the body to stay in balance and goji berries are one of them. Since 200 B．C．, goji berries 3 (use) in traditional Chinese medicine. In China, goji berries are known 4 “wolfberry fruit” and they were once mentioned in the oldest book of Chinese herbs in existence, Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing. They are also known to act 5 (positive) on the organs because of the detoxifying (解毒) properties, thus 6 (contribute) to our qi and energy. Goji berries are 7 excellent source of antioxidants (抗氧化剂), amino acids and 20 other trace 8 (mineral). The list of goji berry benefits is long, including 9 (it) ability to promote healthy skin, protect eye health, adjust blood sugar levels and fight cancer. In China, goji berries are commonly cooked and added to recipes like porridge, soups and dishes 10 (make) with chicken, pork or vegetables. They are also used to make various teas, juices and wines. Passage 2 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Blind boxes have taken the world by storm, catching the imaginations of collectors and new buyers alike. These mystery boxes, containing 11 (hide) items revealed only after purchase, offer a mix of surprise and exclusivity (独家性). From toys to high-end collectibles, 12 blind box trend attracts anyone seeking excitement or wanting to add something unique to their collection. The appeal lies in the excitement of not knowing 13 is inside, combined with the desire to complete a set or find rare items. This concept of discovery keeps collectors 14 (come) back for more and has helped transform the blind box industry into a multibillion-dollar market. For those new 15 the blind box world, starting a collection can be a rewarding experience. Begin by selecting a brand or theme that matches your interests. Many collectors recommend focusing on a specific series, which makes the collection more personal 16 helps prevent unnecessary purchases. Engaging with the community can also enhance your collecting journey. There are countless social media groups where collectors share tips and discuss new 17 (release). Connecting with other collectors 18 (allow) you to trade the same items, find rare pieces, and share in the excitement of each new 19 (add) to your collection. Whether you’re an experienced collector or a newcomer, the world of blind boxes offers 20 (end) possibilities, turning every unboxing into an adventure. Passage 2 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Zhen Shisheng is a man with hearing loss and speech difficulties. 21 his physical difficulties, Zhen has lived a meaningful life, thanks to his interest and talent in and enthusiasm for the traditional Shanxi art of fahua ware. Fahua ware, which is mostly made in the south and east of Shanxi, is the porcelain (瓷器) version of cloisonne (景泰蓝), 22 the design elements are separated by copper wires. Porcelain featuring these techniques 23 (fire) at lower temperatures with the different colored glazes and enamels applied to individual areas created by the slip lines. When 24 (recall) his experience to learn the techniques to make this Shanxi handicraft with a history of hundreds of years, he said, “When you lose some abilities, you would cherish all the others 25 (leave) to you,” Zhen said in sign language. “Only when you apply all your senses and abilities to your subject of work can you 26 (possible) succeed.” Zhen learned the craft from his father, who is 27 master fahua ware craftsman in a porcelain factory. Zhen’s creativity and innovation are demonstrated in the 28 (free) of using lines and glaze colors, as well as the selection of patterns and images for decoration. The hardest part of learning to make fahua ware is that the fahua techniques 29 (lose) for about 300 years, and today’s revival of the art has been made through artists’ painstaking research into ancient documents and 30 (exist) museum exhibits, as well as their own imagination. And he believes this cultural heritage can be passed down to future generations. 1.（2025年北京卷）Some choices are quick, while others take more thought. Usually, better outcomes 16 (achieve) through a thorough understanding of strategies like risk tolerance. 2.（2023年天津3月卷）Human impact on the animal kingdom, such as hunting and destruction of habitats, ___________a reduction in the population of certain species in the past three decades. A．has caused B．have caused C．was causing D．were causing 3.（2022年北京卷）The use of those plastics (increase) by 300% since 2019. The world won’t survive if this situation continues. 4.（2021年北京卷）There __________ (be) a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years, caused largely by rising global temperatures, according to a new report from the United Nations. 5.（2022年新课标I卷）The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that __________ (be) previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority to increase effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management. 6.（2022年全国甲卷）In the last five years, Cao _________ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s highest mountain. 7.（2022年新课标II卷）Henry _________ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. 8.（2022年北京卷）The use of those plastics _________ (increase) by 300% since 2019. The world won’t survive if this situation continues. 9.（2022年浙江1月卷）On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, roughly 200 academics - many of them climate scientists _________ (promise) to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago. 10.（2021年新课标I卷）What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how hard it _________ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. 11.（2021年全国甲卷）The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history. It _________ (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复). 20 / 20 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $