主谓一致系统复习-备战2026届高考英语一轮复习语法全解（沪教版）

ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（沪教版） Chapter1主谓-致系统复习 考频分析 主谓一致是高中英语语法的重要模块，考频占语法总量的10%左右，贯穿试卷多个核心题型：单项选择 (1-2题)、完形填空(2-3题)、语法填空（1-2题)、书面表达（核心考察，直接影响句子语法正确性与表 达准确性)。在语境理解类题目中，主谓一致的单复数形式、特殊句式中的一致关系往往是解题关键。 考查内容 高中英语对主谓一致的考察聚焦三大维度，覆盖基础规则与特殊情形： ·语法一致原则：主语单复数形式与谓语动词单复数形式的对应（如不可数名词、单数可数名词作主语时 谓语用单数，复数名词作主语时谓语用复数)； ·意义一致原则：根据主语所表达的实际意义确定谓语动词的单复数（如集体名词family,team等表示整 体时谓语用单数，表示成员时谓语用复数)； ·就近一致原则：由or,nor,either..or.,neither.nor.,not only..but also..等连接的并列主语，谓语动 词的单复数与最靠近它的主语保持一致。 精讲精练 知识点一：主谓一致的基本原列则及核心规则 ·语法一致原则（主语单复数决定谓语动词单复数） -核心规则：单数主语（第三人称he/she/it/.单数名词/不可数名词）后接动词第三人称单数形式(-s/es)； 复数主语(we/you/they/复数名词)后接动词原形（不含第三人称单数） -例句：口The girl studies hard every day.(单数主语the girl,谓语用studies)口These books belong to the library.(复数主语these books,谓语用原形belong) ·意义一致原则（主语意义单复数决定谓语形式）》 -常见类型：集合名词(family/team/class等)表整体时视为单数，表成员时视为复数；不定代词(ev eryone/nobody/someone等)视为单数 -例句：Our team wins the game.(team表整体，谓语用wins)The family are having dinner together.(family表成员，谓语用are having) ·就近一致原则（并列主语中靠近谓语的名词决定单复数） -适用结构：either..or.../neither..nor.not only..but also..there be句型 -例句：口Either you or he is responsible for this.(靠近谓语的he为单数，用is)口There are two books and a pen on the desk.(靠近谓语的two books为复数，用are) ·特殊主语的主谓一致 -不可数名词/抽象名词作主语：谓语用单数→例句：Water is important for life. -复数形式单数意义名词(maths/physics/.news等)：谓语用单数→例句：The news surprises us a lot.. -"the+形容词”表一类人时：谓语用复数→例句：The old need more care from society. 【即学即练】 1.【语法一致原则】/hich sentence is correct? A.The water are clean B.The book is on the desk. C.These apple is red. D.He play football every day. 2.【意义一致原则】Our family_(be)a big one.All my family_(be)happy. 3.【就近一致原则】Neither my brother nor I_(like)swimming. 4.【特殊主语】"The news_(surprise)me a lot.”应填入的正确形式是？ A.surprise B.surprises C.surprised(无时间状语时不选) D.surprising 5.【the+形容词】The poor_(need)more help from the society.. 语法复习|英语|沪教版 ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（沪教版） 知识点二：非谓语动词的三种形式及用法 ·动词不定式(todo)(表目的、将来、主动) 1.基本功能 一作主语（通常用t作形式主语）、宾语、表语、定语、状语（目的/结果） 2.结构与用法 -主动语态：to+动词原形；被动语态：tobe+动词过去分词；否定式：not to+动词原形 一例句： *To learn English well is important.(作主语，表主动将来)→It is important to learn English well. (形式主语t)》 *He wants to join the English club.(作宾语，表主动) *Her plan is to finish the project by Friday.(作表语，表将来计划) *I have a meeting to attend tomorrow.(作定语，修饰meeting,表主动) *She studies hard to get good grades.(作目的状语，表目的) *The book is said to be translated into three languages.(披动语态，to be translated) ·动名词(doing)(表主动、进行、抽象概念) 1.基本功能 -作主语（表抽象动作）、宾语（接在enjoy/mind/practice等动词后）、表语、定语（说明用途） 2.结构与用法 -主动语态：动词原形+-ing;被动语态：being+动词过去分词；否定式：not+doing -例句： *Swimming is good for health.(作主语，表抽象动作) *They enjoy playing football after school..(作宾语，接在enjoy后) *His hobby is collecting stamps.(作表语，表抽象概念) *There is a reading room in our school..(作定语，表用途“用于阅读的”) *I remember being invited to the party last year..(被动语态，being invited) ·分词（现在分词doing/过去分词done)(表主动/被动、进行/完成） 1.现在分词(doing)(主动、进行) 一功能：作定语（前置后置）、状语（伴随/原因结果）、表语（主语特征） -例句： *The running water is clean.(前置定语，表主动进行，“流动的水”) *I saw a girl standing under the tree.(后置定语，表主动进行，“站在树下的女孩") *He sat there,reading a newspaper.(伴随状语，表主动进行) *Being late,he missed the first bus.(原因状语，表主动，“因为迟到") 2.过去分词(done)(被动、完成) -功能：作定语（前置/后置）、状语（被动完成）、表语（主语状态）》 -例句： *The broken window needs repairing.(前置定语，表被动完成，“被打破的窗户”) *The students invited to the party are from Class3.(后置定语，表被动，“被邀请的学生”) *Seen from the hill,.the city looks beautiful..(状语，表被动，“从山上被看”) *The door is closed.(表语，表主语状态，“关着的") 知识点三：主谓一致的进阶规测及易混点辨析 ·并列主语的主谓一致（高考核心） 一基础规则拓展： *and连接两个单数名词表不同概念时谓语用复数→例句：A pen and a book are on the desk. *and连接两个单数名词表同一概念（如a knife and fork)时谓语用单数→例句：A teacher and writer is coming to our school. *不定代词each/every+单数名词+and+each/every+单数名词时谓语用单数→例句：Each boy and each girl has a new book. *"no+单数名词+and+no+单数名词”结构中谓语用单数，例句：No student and no teacher was late for class. ·特殊句式中的主谓一致（高考易错） -there be句型的变体：here/there/now/then+come/go等动词时，谓语单复数与后面主语一致→例句： Here comes the bus.(主语bus为单数，用comes);There go the children.(主语children为复数， 用go) -倒装句中谓语与后面主语一致→例句：In front of the house stand two tall trees.(主语trees为复数， 用stand) -强调句"t is/was-+被强调部分+that/who+-其他”中，谓语单复数由被强调主语决定→例句：It is the students who are responsible for this..(被强调主语students为复数，用are) ·易混点对比（高考常考） -the number of+复数名词（表数量）vs a number of+-复数名词（表许多）：前者谓语用单数，后者用 复数→例句：The number of students in our class is50.;A number of students like English. -more than one+-单数名词vs more+复数名词+than one:前者谓语用单数，后者用复数→例句： More than one student has passed the exam.More students than one have passed the exam. -”分数百分数+of+名词”结构：谓语单复数由of后的名词决定→例句：Two thirds of the water is polluted.(water不可数，用is);Half of the apples are bad.(apples可数复数，用are) -量词短语(a lot of/plenty of等)+名词：谓语单复数由后面名词单复数决定→例句：Plenty of time has been wasted.(time不可数，用has);Plenty of books have been sold.(books可数复数，用 have) ·疑难特殊结构（高考难点） -”one of+.复数名词+定语从句”：从句谓语用复数；"the only one of+复数名词+定语从句”：从句谓语 用单数→例句：He is one of the students who are good at math.;He is the only one of the students who is good at math. -主语后接with/along with/together with等介词短语时：谓语单复数由前面主语决定→例句：The teacher with his students is going to the park.(主语teacher为单数，用is) -”each+复数代词”作主语时谓语用单数；”复数代词+each”作主语时谓语用复数→例句：Each of them has a dictionary.They each have a dictionary. 语法复习|英语|沪教版 ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（沪教版） 考法一：主谓一致基本原则及核心规则辨析 ·核心：根据主语的单复数形式、意义或位置，结合语法一致、意义一致、就近一致原则，判断谓语动词 的正确形式 ·真题1（语法填空）： -Our family_(be)going to have a picnic this Sunday.The whole family(be)looking forward to it. -答案：is are解析：第一句中family表整体概念，谓语用单数is;第二句中family表家庭成员，谓语 用复数are。 ·真题2（完形填空）： -Either the teacher or the students _responsible for the classroom cleaning A.is B.are C.was D.were -答案：B解析：either.or..结构遵循就近一致原则，靠近谓语的主语students为复数，且句子描述 般情况用一般现在时，所以选are。 考法二：主谓一致与非谓语动词结合辨析 ·核心：识别句子主语单复数确定谓语动词形式，同时判断非谓语动词的正确形式（不定式/动名词分词） 及其语态、功能 ·真题1（语法填空）： The number of students_(want)to join the English club_(be)20.They practice_(speak)English every weekend -答案：wanting is speaking解析：第一空”students”为先行词，”want”作定语表主动用现在分词wanting; 第二空主语为"the number'”(单数)，谓语用is;第三空"practice”后接动名词作宾语，用speaking。 ·真题2（单项选择）： -More than one teacher_(invite)to the meeting,and each of them needs_(prepare)a report in advance. A.was;to prepare B.were;preparing C.was;preparing D.were;to prepare -答案：A解析：第一空”more than one teacher'”作主语谓语用单数，"被邀请”用被动语态was invited; 第二空"need”后接不定式作宾语，用to prepare。 考法三：主谓一致与非谓语动词的综合应用 ·核心：结合主谓一致原则判断主句谓语形式，同时正确使用非谓语动词作定语、状语等成分，需兼顾时 态、语态及逻辑关系。 ·真题1（单项选择）： -The only one of the students who_(be)selected to attend the meeting _(refuse)to accept the invitation yesterday. A.was;refused B.were;refused C.was;refusing D.were;was refused -答案：A解析：第一空考查“the only one of+-复数名词+定语从句”结构，从句谓语与先行词“the only one”一致，用单数was;第二空为主句谓语，由时间标志“yesterday”可知用一般过去时，主 语“the only one”与“refuse”为主动关系，用refused。 ·真题2（语法填空）： --(learn)English well,he spends two hours every day on it.The number of books he has read (reach)100 so far. -答案：To learn;has reached解析：第一空需用非谓语动词作目的状语，表主动将来，用动词不定式 To learn;第二空考查“the number of+-复数名词”作主语，谓语用单数，由“so far'”可知用现在完 成时，填has reached。 语法复习|英语|沪教版 ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（沪教版） 解题小妙招 主谓一致妙招 主谓一致三原则，语法意义就近看； 集体名词看含义，整体单数成员复； eitheror和neithernor,就近主语定单复； thenumberof是单数，anumberof用复数； m orethanone虽表多，谓语单数莫忘记； theonlyoneof加复数，定语从句谓用单。 非谓语动词妙招 非谓形式有三种，不定式和动名分词； 目的状语用todo,作宾用ing有固定； 现在分词表主动，过去分词表被动； 作定语时看关系，主动ing被动ed; practice后接ing,need后接todo不定式。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.The news about the earthquake-us greatly yesterday. A.surprise B.surprises C.surprised D.is surprising 2.Either you or your brother__to take care of the pet dog this weekend. A.is B.are C.was D.were 3.More than one student_late for class this morning. A.was B.were C.has D.have 4.The number of online courses_increasing rapidly in recent years. A.is B.are C.was D.were 5.He is one of the teachers who_praised by the school last month. A.was B.were C.is D.are 6.To_the project on time,the team worked overtime for a week. A.finishing B.finish C.finished D.finishes 7.The girl_in the library is my classmate. A.read B.reading C.to read D.reads 8.I remember to the Great Wall with my parents when I was a child. A.taking B.to take C.being taken D.to be taken 9.The old_usually more experienced in dealing with life problems. A.is B.are C.was D.were 10.The teacher,along with her students,_visiting the museum now. A.is B.are C.was D.were 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.Our class_(be)going to hold a party next Friday.All the class_(be)busy preparing for it. 2.Physics_(be)my favorite subject because it_(explain)the mysteries of nature. 3.(learn)a foreign language well requires patience and practice. 4.The book_(write)by Mo Yan has been translated into many languages. 5.Neither the manager nor the workers_(know)the truth about the accident. 6.She has a lot of homework_(do)tonight,so she can't go out with us. 7.Two thirds of the land in this area_(be)covered with forests. 8.He was praised for_(save)a drowning child in the river. 9.The number of people present at the meeting_(be)50,and a number of them_(be)from foreign countries. 10.(see)from the top of the mountain,the city looks even more beautiful. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空） *阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。* It is known to all that reading books_(be)a good way to improve one's knowledge.However,the number of people who read regularly_(decrease)in recent years.Many young people prefer_(spend)their time on social media instead of reading. A survey shows that only 30%of students_(read)for more than an hour every day.The reasons for this phenomenon vary.Some students say they have too much homework_(finish),while others admit -(be)attracted by short videos online. _(change)this situation,schools and families need to work together.Teachers should encourage stu- dents-(read)classic books,and parents should set good examples by reading themselves.As the saying goes,"Reading makes a full man."Only by reading widely_we gain a deeper understanding of the world. In fact,reading not only helps us relax but also(open)up new horizons.Let's start_(read)more from today! 参考答案 演练一：单项选择 1.C2.A3.A4.A5.B6.B7.B8.C9.B10.A