Unit 3 The Art of Painting Welcome to the unit & Reading 导学案-2025-2026学年高中英语译林版选择性必修第一册

该高中英语导学案针对高二选择性必修一U3 Welcome - Reading设计，聚焦单元核心词汇（如strike, liberation等）的词义、搭配、拓展词及句式用法。知识梳理通过例句解析和用法对比，帮助学生衔接已学词汇知识，搭建系统的词汇学习支架。 资料亮点在于分层设计的“精题精练”与“能力拓展”模块，通过单词拼写、语法填空、七选五等多样化练习，提升学生语言运用能力和思维品质。语境化习题结合真实情境，引导学生主动调适学习策略，培养自主学习能力，助力核心素养落地。

年 级：高二 科 目：英语 内 容：选择性必修一 U3 Welcome - Reading 【同步知识梳理】 1. strike (struck-struck) vt. [不用于进行时](使)突然想到/意识到 vt.(正式用语)撞，碰； vt./vi. 打； vi＆vt突击(attack)；(不幸等)突然降临 vi. 罢工;罢课;罢市 vt.打动(某人) 的心锋;(棒球的)击球手 → striking a惊人的;显著的;引人注目的 →stricken a. 受灾的;患病的;受苦的 → striker n[C]罢工者;(足球的)前 句式： Sth. strike sb. = sth. hit sb. =It struck sb+that-C = It occurred to sb.+that-C.某人突然想到/意识到… strike sb. on the head/shoulder打某人的头/肩膀 An earthquake struck/hit the area last month. = The area was struck by an earthquake last month.上个月这个地区遭受了一场地震。 词组： be struck by…被…所打动　 be on strike在罢工 　go on strike举行罢工 earthquake-stricken areas地震灾区 2.liberation n. 解放，摆脱→liberate v. →liberator n. 解放者,释放者 liberation from poverty摆脱贫困 liberate … from …使…自由;使摆脱约束 The whole country was liberated in 1949.整个国家是在1949年解放的。 3.opposed a.截然不同的；强烈反对的 →opposition n.反对，敌对 →oppose vt. 反对，对抗；与…竞争/对垒 →opponent n. 对手，竞争者 be opposed to (doing) sth. ＝oppose doing＝object to doing＝ be against (doing) sth. 反对做某事 I’m here on business as opposed to a holiday.我在这里出差而不是度假。 We strongly oppose violence and war.我们强烈反对暴力与战争。 4.dominate v.在…中具有最重要的(或明显的特色；支配，控制；左右；(在比赛中等)占有优势；占据主动 (山、塔等)高出于;俯视(overlook) →dominant a. 占优势的，占支配地位的 →dominated a.占主导地位的 →domination n. 控制，支配，优越地位 5.employ vt.运用，使用；雇佣;聘请→employer n.雇佣者,雇主 →employee n.受雇者, 雇员, 雇工→employment n. 职业; 雇佣; 使用 →unemployment n.失业→unemployed adj.失业的 employ sb. to do sth. the unemployed失业者 6.essence n.[U]本质，精髓； →essential a. 必不可少的；最重要的; 本质上的 →essentially ad. 本质上地，根本上地 the essence of morality 道德的本质 in essence本质上，实质上 be essential for/to sth. 对…极为重要 It’s essential for sb. to do sth. = It’s essential that sb. (should) do sth. 做某事是绝对必要的。 7.vivid a. (色彩、光等)鲜明的，耀眼的；(表现、描述等)生动的，栩栩如生的；(想象力等)丰富的；(记忆、印象等)鲜活的，历历在目的 give a vivid description of sb./sth.＝describe sth. vividly生动地描述… have a vivid imagination 想象力丰富 have a vivid memory of sb. / sth. 清晰地记得某人或某物 8.vision n.远见卓识；视力；视野；想象(力)；幻想；憧憬 →visual a.视觉的;可见的;真实的;形象化的;视觉教具的 →visually ad.在视觉上，可见地 have poor vision/eyesight视力差 broaden/widen one’s visions/horizons 拓宽视野 have a vision of the future憧憬未来 9.display vt.&n.vt. 陈列，展出；显示，表现 n. 陈列，展览；表现；展示 on display=on exhibition=on show= being displayed/exhibited/shown 在被展出 10.worthy a. 值得的或应得的(作表语或后置定语)； →worth adj.有…价值;值得的 →worthwhile adj.重要的；值得的 be worthy of being done be worthy to be done (常用) 某事值得 It’s worthwhile doing sth. / to do sth. 值得做某事。 【精题精练精讲】 一、单词拼写 1. Only after the War L______________ of could the people live a peaceful life. 2. The young man was practicing surfing when a shark s______________. 3. Idioms, which reflect customs, are the e______________ of culture in every country. 4. The paintings that David donated to the school are being d______________ in the assembly hall. 5. The book is sure to fuel children’s imagination with its v______________ stories. 6. He has authority，but he doesn’t try to ______________(支配；控制) (others). 7. Nancy was ______________ (游荡) aimlessly along the intertwining roads and footpaths when I saw her. 8. Whether to send children to study abroad is a vital decision ______________ (值得的) of careful consideration. 9. Surround yourself with ______________ (志趣相投的) friends, which helps you realize your dreams. 10. The sense of __________ (视觉) is one of the important ways that the mankind obtain an outside information. 二、单句语法填空 1. Various brands of watches are now ______________ display in the shop windows. 2. Several specialists ______________ (employ) from overseas to solve the present problem. 3. The boy fell, ______________ (striking) his head on the edge of the table. 4. They accused him of having a prejudice against his women ______________ (employ). 5. At that moment, they saw a penniless young man __________ (wander) on the pavement outside their house. 6. He is athletic as ______________ (oppose) to his desk mate, who is very quiet. 7. Hard work is ______________ (essence) for a student's academic success. 8. A year ago, I was ______________(employ), and I was trying to figure out where to find a job. 9. These effects of the Internet have become even more ______________ (strike) since I've begun using a smartphone. 三、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. The driver ___________ (lose) control of the car, which __________ (crash) into the wall of a tailor’s shop. 2. It took Columbus more than two months _______________ (sail) across the Atlantic in 1492. 3. Such _________________ (be) the words that he left when he hurried to pick up his daughter. 4. ___________ (expose) to strong sunlight too much does do harm to your skin. 5. Thus I have been allowed _________________ (gain) access to their living environment. 6. _________________ (locate) just off the High Street, the club is easy to reach. 7. For those with family members far away, the personal computer and the phone are important in staying _______________ (connect). 8. These refugees(难民) are looked after by the _______________ (combine) efforts of the host countries and non-governmental organizations. 9. Durant shied away from __________ (regard) as a hero for his actions, saying what he did was entirely ordinary. 10. What I want _______________ across to teenagers is that being addicted to the Internet will both mental and physical health. 【答案】 一、1. Liberation 2. struck 3. essence 4. displayed 5. vivid 6. dominate 7. wandering 8. worthy 9. like-minded 10. vision 二、1.on 2. have been employed 3. striking 4. employees 5. wandering 6. opposed 7. essential 8. unemployed 9. striking 三、1.lost; crashed 2. to sail 3. were 4. Being exposed 5. to gain 6. Located 7. connected 8. combined 9. being regarded 10. to get 【能力拓展训练】 一、七选五 During your teen years, you will make some key decisions that can shape your future. So, choose wisely, and don't blow it. If you do happen to blow it, however, it's not the end of the world. ____1____ Being a teen today is tougher than ever. While your grandparents may have had to walk uphill to school in the snow, you have a different set of challenges to meet. It's a totally different world! ____2____ Or you may be struggling with one of them or all of them. You need to think carefully about every decision you will make, the ins and outs, the good and the bad. And you can make informed decisions, with your eyes wide open. Many decisions you make as a teen can impact your life forever. The good news is, where you end up ten years from now is up to you. ____3____ It's called free agency or free ill and it's your birthright. Ultimately, you, choose to be happy or miserable. The reality is that although you are free to choose, you can choose the consequences of your choices. They're preloaded. It's a packaged deal. As the old saying goes “when you pick up one end of the stick, you also pick up the other” ____4____ For example, if you decide to do poorly in school rather than go to college, you'll suffer the natural consequences and may even find it hard even to get an interview for a well-paid job. The word “decision” comes from the Latin root meaning “to cut off from”. ____5____ That's why decisions can be hard sometimes. A. It can be different sometimes. B. Your choice and consequences go hand in hand. C. You need to think twice before you take action. D. Saying “yes” to one thing means saying “no” to another. E. You may not have thought much about these decisions. F. You are free to choose what kind of life you want to have. G. Just get back on track quickly and start making smarter choices 【答案】16. G 17. E 18. F 19. B 20. D 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文，主要讲述了青少年做出正确决策的重要性和一些注意事项。 【16题详解】 根据前文“If you do happen to blow it, however, it's not the end of the world. (如果你真的搞砸了，也不是世界末日)”可知，作者在此处主要告诫读者不要因决策失误感到手足无措。G项Just get back on track quickly and start making smarter choices (重回正轨，开始做出更英明的决定)，承接上文，继续针对决策失误后鼓励读者尽快重新调整。故选G项。 【17题详解】 根据上段最后一句“you have a different set of challenges to meet. It's a totally different world! (你要面对各种各样的挑战。这是一个完全不同的世界)”可知，现在的青少年不得不自己独立应对困难。E项You may not have thought much about these decisions.(你可能从未过多考虑过这些决定)与空格后句“Or you may be struggling with one of them or all of them. (抑或是你纠结于某项选择或众多选择)”承接上文，具体指出青少年为解决问题，需要作出很多艰难的决定。为提出决策注意事项交代背景。故选E项。 【18题详解】 根据前文“Mary decisions you make as a teen can impact your life forever. The good news is, where you end up ten years from now is up to you. (你在青少年期做出的抉择也许影响你的一生。好消息是，十年后你的境遇如何完全取决于你)”可知，该处指出人生早期的很多决定会对你影响深远。F项. You are free to choose what kind of life you want to have. (你可以很自由地选择你想过什么样的人生)承接上文语意，表明未来你的人生境遇很大程度上取决于你现在的决定，主动权掌握在你自己手里。故选F项。 【19题详解】 根据后文“For example, if you decide to do poorly in school rather than go to college, you'll suffer the natural consequences and may even find it hard even to get an interview for a well-paid job. (例如，如果你决定在学校表现糟糕而不是考入大学，那么你必须承担这一决定的后果，甚至发现得到一份好的工作的面试机会都很难。)”可知，空格后句表明你现在做出的决定会对未来有关系，无论是消极还是积极的，你都要为当初的决定承担责任。E. Your choice and consequences go hand in hand. (你的选择和后果是息息相关的)指出做出的抉择会对未来有多重影响，符合上下文关联，故选B项。 【20题详解】 根据后文“That's why decisions can be hard sometimes. (那就是为什么决策有时非常困难)”可知，做决定有时非常艰难。D项Saying “yes” to one thing means saying “no” to another. (做出一项选择就意味着拒绝其他选择)表明制定决策的本质，解释了决策制定的困难之处。故选D项。 二、完形填空 Simone is sitting in front of me and crying. She looks away, embarrassed. “Sorry, doctor,” she says, “I shouldn't be ____1____ your time like this." At that moment, though, I can't think of anyone____2____ who is more deserving of my time. Many of my patients are in desperate ____3____ not just because of ill health but because of their ____4____ problems. As any doctor can tell you, poverty and illnesses are closely____5____. But coming face to face with poverty in the form of Simone is____6____. She experiences poverty on a scale that I cannot comprehend. Each week, ____7____ her rent and electricity are paid,she has just $20 left to live on. From this she has to buy food, clothes,travel and pay all other ____8____ Simone is ____9____ that her daughter will have every opportunity in life and searches charity shops for books for her daughter. Six months ago, ____10____,Simone was involved in a road traffic accident and this seems to have been the final straw. She slid into depression and, although she____11____ to work,began to feel that life was not worth living any more. She went to GP who then ____12____ her to me to see what help I could give. The referral letter from the GP had suggested that I might prescribe a suitable pill, but it is a ____13____ truth that there is no pill that can make Simone's situation better. But today Simone is siting crying not because of the bad situation.She is crying because she is overwhelmed by a stranger's____14____.One of the administration staff in the outpatient clinic has just won a $20 Marks and Spencer voucher and given it to Simone on a whim so she could ____15____ her daughter, who often plays in the department while her mother sees me.That sudden,impulsive act of kindness and generosity from a stranger has made all the difference to Simone. 1. A. mounting up B. taking up C. summing up D. brightening up 2. A. only B. instead C. rather D. else 3. A. trend B. complaint C. need D. anxiety 4. A. domestic B. financial C. severe D. physical 5. A. examined B. joined C. linked D. restricted 6. A. disturbing B. warning C. fueling D. abusing 7. A. until B. since C. before D. after 8. A. bills B. taxes C. discounts D. sponsors 9. A. opposed B. determined C. committed D. recognized 10. A. afterwards B. therefore C. however D. moreover 11. A. denied B. withdrew C. continued D. stopped 12. A. mentioned B. referred C. distributed D. adjusted 13. A. limited B. sad C. ripe D. global 14. A. disability B. poverty C. kindness D. suggestion 15. A. amuse B. handle C. affect D. treat 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. C 4. B 5. C 6. A 7. D 8. A 9. B 10. C 11. C 12. B 13. B 14. C 15. D 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章以一位医生的口吻介绍了一位自己的患者，同时遭受疾病和贫困折磨的Simone因为陌生人的二十美金而激动落泪。 【21题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：“对不起，医生，”她说，“我不应该这样占用你的时间。”A. mounting up增长；B. taking up占据；C. summing up总结；D. brightening up发亮。由后文“deserving of my time”可知，虽然Simone认为她在占据作者的时间，可作者认为这是值得的，应该用take up表示占据时间，故选B。 【22题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：但在那一刻，我想不出还有谁比他更值得我花时间。A. only仅仅；B. instead相反；C. rather相当；D. else也。anyone else表示任何其他人，这里意指作者不认为还有任何其他人可以比她更值得作者的时间，故选D。 【23题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的许多病人不仅因为健康状况不佳，而且因为他们的经济问题而急需治疗。A. trend趋势；B. complaint投诉；C. need需要；D. anxiety焦虑。这里用in desperate need表示急需，因为由后文可知他们的疾病和贫穷使他们无法打扰医生更长的时间、也没有办法接受合理的治疗，故选C。 【24题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我的许多病人不仅因为健康状况不佳，而且因为他们的经济问题而急需治疗。A. domestic国内的；B. financial经济的；C. severe严重的；D. physical身体的。和后文的“poverty and illnesses”相呼应，表示疾病与贫穷是病人的两大负担，贫穷也就是经济上的困难，用“financial problem”代指，故选B。 【25题详解】 考查动词和形容词词义辨析。句意：任何一个医生都会告诉你，贫穷和疾病是紧密相连的。A. examined检查过的；B. joined加入；C. linked连接的；D. restricted受限制的。be closely linked固定搭配，表示紧密联系，与前文的“poverty and illnesses”相联系，表示疾病和贫穷息息相关，故选C。 【26题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但以Simone的形式直面贫困是令人不安的。A. disturbing打扰；B. warning警告；C. fueling提供燃料；D. abusing虐待。这里意指以Simone的境遇面对贫穷是让人不安、困扰的，因为从后文可知Simone的贫穷状况是作者难以理解的，故选A。 【27题详解】 考查连接词词义辨析。句意：每个星期，在付清房租和电费后，她只剩下20美元生活。A. until直到；B. since自从；C. before在……之前；D. after在……之后。这里意思是在缴纳完租金和水电费之后只剩20美金，所以这里应该使用after，故选D。 【28题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她必须用这些钱买食物、衣服、旅行和支付所有其他账单。A. bills账单；B. taxes税收；C. discounts折扣；D. sponsors赞助。根据上文“From this she has to buy food, clothes, travel and pay all other”可知，她只能用剩下的20美金去买吃的、衣服、交通以及支付其他的账单，bills有账单的意思，故选A。 【29题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Simone决心让女儿在生活中拥有一切机会，并在慈善商店为女儿寻找书籍。A. opposed相反的；B. determined下定决心的；C. committed尽心尽力的；D. recognized公认的。因为她的女儿拥有一切机会是她想象中的事情，用determine表示对未来的决定，故选B。 【30题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而六个月前，Simone卷入了一场交通事故，这似乎是最后一根稻草。A. afterwards后来；B. therefore因此；C. however然而；D. moreover此外。这里指当她对女儿的未来想要做出自己的努力时，不幸却发生了。表转折，用however，故选C。 【31题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她陷入了抑郁，尽管她继续工作，但开始觉得生活不再值得过下去了。A. denied拒绝；B. withdrew收回；C. continued继续；D. stopped停止。前面有although，表示这句话有转折的含义，所以应该与前文“陷入绝望”形成反差，应该是继续工作，所以用continue to，故选C。 【32题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她去看全科医生，然后全科医生把她介绍给我，看我能给她什么帮助。A. mentioned提及；B. referred参考，推荐；C. distributed分配；D. adjusted调整。固定搭配，refer sb. to sb. 表示“把……推荐给……”，这里意思是把Simone推荐给作者，与后文the referral letter相呼应，故选B。 【33题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：全科医生的推荐信建议我可以开一种合适的药，但可悲的事实是，没有一种药能让Simone的情况好转。A. limited有限的；B. sad悲伤的；C. ripe成熟的；D. global全球的。根据后文可知没有药物能够改善Simone的状况，a sad truth表示一个悲伤的事实，故选B。 【34题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她哭了，因为她被一个陌生人的善良感动了。A. disability残疾；B. poverty贫穷；C. kindness善良；D. suggestion建议。表示一个陌生人的善良/慷慨馈赠，与最后一行“kindness and generosity”相呼应，故选C。 【35题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：门诊部的一名管理人员刚刚赢得了一张20美元的马莎代金券，一时心血来潮把它给了Simone，让她招待她的女儿，她的女儿经常在门诊部玩，而她的母亲在看我。A. amuse逗乐；B. handle处理；C. affect影响；D. treat对待，招待。因为有了这陌生人给的20美金Simone就可以好好招待她的女儿了，故选D。 三、语法填空 Ancient alchemists(炼金师) in China spent centuries trying ____1____ (discover)an elixir (灵丹妙药)of life. During the Tang Dynasty, around 850 A.D., an enterprising alchemist created a mixture, ____2____ had no obvious effects on lengthening life, but did explode with a flash and a bang when ____3____ (expose)to an open flame. Many western history books over the years have stated that the Chinese used his discovery only____4____ fireworks, ____5____ that is not true. Song Dynasty military forces as early as 904 A.D. used gunpowder devices against ____6____ (they) primary enemy, the Mongols. By the mid-to-late-eleventh century, the Song government ____7____ (become) concerned about gunpowder technology spreading to other countries. The sale of saltpeter(硝酸盐)to foreigners was banned in 1076. Nonetheless, knowledge of the miraculous substance was carried along the Silk Road to India, the Middle East, and Europe. In 1267, ____8____ European writer made reference to gunpowder, and in 1280 the first recipes for the explosive mixture____9____ (be) published in the west. China's secret was out. Down through the centuries, Chinese ____10____ (invent) have had a profound effect on human culture. Items like paper, the magnetic compass, and silk have spread around the world. None of them, however, have had quite the impact that gunpowder has, for good and for bad. 【答案】36. to discover 37. which 38. exposed 39. for 40. but/yet 41. their 42. had become 43. a 44. were 45. inventions 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了火药是如何发明的，在古代的运用，以及对人类文化的影响。 【36题详解】 考查固定短语。句意：中国古代炼金师花了几个世纪的时间试图发现长生不老药。结合句意表达“试图做某事”应用try to do sth.，不定式作宾语。故填to discover。 【37题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：在唐代，大约公元850年，一位富有进取心的炼金术士创造了一种混合物，这种混合物对延长寿命没有明显效果，但当暴露在明火中时爆炸了。分析可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词mixture指物，从句缺少主语，应用关系代词which。故填which。 【38题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：在唐代，大约公元850年，一位富有进取心的炼金术士创造了一种混合物，这种混合物对延长寿命没有明显效果，但当暴露在明火中时爆炸了。be exposed to“暴露于……”为固定短语，此处省略be用过去分词和when构成时间状语。故填exposed。 【39题详解】 考查介词。句意：多年来，许多西方历史书籍都指出中国人将他的发现仅用于焰火，但事实并非如此。结合句意可知，此处为固定短语use...for...“把……用于……”。故填for。 【40题详解】 考查连词。句意：多年来，许多西方历史书籍都指出中国人将他的发现仅用于焰火，但事实并非如此。结合句意可知，事实并非很多西方史书中陈述的那样，即上下文是转折关系，应用but/yet连接。故填but/yet。 【41题详解】 考查代词。句意：早在公元904年，宋朝军队就使用火药装置对付他们的主要敌人——蒙古人。修饰名词词组primary enemy要用形容词性物主代词。故填their。 【42题详解】 考查时态。句意：到11世纪中后期，宋朝政府开始关注火药技术向其他国家的传播。根据时间状语“By the mid-to late-eleventh century”可知，句子应用过去完成时。故填had become。 【43题详解】 考查冠词。句意：1267年，一位欧洲作家提到了火药，1280年，西方出版了第一批火药配方。writer为可数名词，此处泛指一个作家，应用不定冠词，且European的发音是以辅音音素开头，故填a。 【44题详解】 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：1267年，一位欧洲作家提到了火药，1280年，西方出版了第一批火药配方。空处为句子谓语动词，主语recipes是复数，且根据1280判断为一般过去时。故填were。 【45题详解】 考查名词。句意：几个世纪以来，中国的发明对人类文化产生了深远的影响。此处应用名词作主语，助动词have提示主语为复数。故填inventions。 【课后巩固训练】 一、阅读理解 A As a wildlife-conservation biologist studying climate change, I want to understand the evolving environment through the eyes of large animals. My work-usually in cold, remote places-involves finding animals, and ways to eat, sleep and be warm. I might suffer, but I get insights that others cannot into what animals are doing. For about 15 years I've been interested in musk oxen (麝香牛). This picture was taken on Wrangel Island, off the northeast coast of Russia, when I was studying how musk oxen react to polar bears. Because polar ice is melting more polar bears are hunting on land, and they are known to have killed musk oxen. These herd animals typically don’t flee from enemies such as grizzly bears. They tend to form groups instead and male male oxen have killed grizzlies. Would they try to kill polar bears too? To find out, I dressed as a polar bear, pulling a bear head on and placing a cloth over a range finder, camera and data books. I was cold and nervous. I didn't want to be killed by a charging musk ox-or by anything else. If some oxen charged and made an attack, I'd throw off my costume and stand up straight, as I'm doing here; so far, that had stopped them. I'd also encountered a female polar bear with new born babies, but she'd left me alone. This picture is from the end of a session, and I'd lived another day. Whew! I learnt that musk oxen are more likely to flee from polar bears than from grizzlies. But during this trip to Russia, I was arrested-over a date error on my permits. In court, the only word I understood was 'CIA'. I was let go, but banned from returning for three years, so I'm now studying the huemul, an endangered species of deer that lives in the shadows of glaciers at the tip of South America. As glaciers melt, how will huemul populations respond? 1. How do musk oxen protect themselves from grizzly bears? A. By fleeing to polar ice quickly. B. By getting together to fight back. C. By charging at grizzlies one by one. D. By drawing support from polar bears. 2. Why did the author dress as a polar bear? A. To better understand musk oxen. B. To familiarize himself with its habitat. C. To better protect his camera equipment. D. To keep warm in extreme natural conditions. 3. Why did the author have to stop his research in Russia? A. He was banned for an illegal permit. B. His research there was not approved. C. Some wildlife biologists had accused him. D. He would study the huemu in south America. 4. Which is the best title? A. An Aivkward Biologist B. The Changeable Climate C. Would Musk Oxen Be Killed? D. Who Wants To Be a Polar Bear? 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. A 4. D 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇记叙文。短文叙述了作者为了解麝香牛所做出的的努力。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“They tend to form groups instead, and male musk oxen have killed grizzlies.(它们会聚集成群，雄性的麝香牛还会杀掉灰熊)”可知，麝香牛通过团结起来反击保护自己免受灰熊的攻击。故选B。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章地三段“To find out, I dressed as a polar bear(为了找到答案，我打扮成一只北极熊)”可知，作者把自己打扮成一只北极熊的目的是为了调查麝香牛对北极熊的反应。由此判断出，作者装扮成一只北极熊是为了更好地了解麝香牛。故选A。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第四段“I was arrested — over a date error on my permits.(我被逮捕了——因为我的许可证上的日期错误)”可知，作者不得不停止在俄罗斯的研究是因为他由于不合法的许可证而被禁止（调查）。故选A项。 【4题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“As a wildlife-conservation biologist studying climate change, I want to understand the evolving environment through the eyes of large animals.(作为一名研究气候变化的野生动物保护生物学家，我想通过大型动物的眼睛来了解环境的演变)”，第二段“They tend to form groups instead and male male oxen have killed grizzlies. Would they try to kill polar bears too? (它们倾向于形成群体，雄性公牛杀死了灰熊。它们也会杀北极熊吗？)”及第三段“To find out,I dressed as a polar bear,pulling a bear head on and placing a cloth over a range finder,camera and data books.(为了找到答案，我打扮成一只北极熊，穿上一个熊头，把一块布放在测距仪，相机和数据本上)”可知，短文叙述了作者为了解麝香牛所做出的的努力，比如穿成北极熊的样子。由此可知，短文的最佳标题为“谁想成为一只北极熊”。故选D项。 B Sleep, considered a luxury (奢侈) by many, is essential for a person’s wellbeing. Researchers have found that insufficient sleep increases a person’s risk of developing severe medical conditions, such as obesity, diabetes (糖尿病), and cardiovascular (心血管的) diseases. Now, a new study by Boston’s Massachusetts Institute of Technology ( MIT) has found that getting sufficient sleep is also the key to improving academic performance. Jeffrey Grossman, who led the research was not trying to find the link between sleep and grades when he handed out Fitbits to the 100 students in his introduction to Solid-State Chemistry class. Instead, the professor of Computational Materials Science hoped the popular wrist-worn device which tracks a person’s activity 24/7, would show a connection between physical exercise and academic achievement. However, the study, published in the journal “Science Learning” on October 1, 2019, discovered a surprising insight. Then was a straight-line relationship between the average amount of sleep a student got and his/her grade on the 11 quizzes, three midterms, and the final exam administered during the semester. Even more interesting, it was also not sufficient for students to just head to bed early the night before a test. Instead, it’s the sleep you get during the days when learning is happening that matters most. The time students went to bed each night was similarly important. Those who went to bed in the early hours of the morning performed poorly, even if the total sleep time was the same as a higher - performing student. “When you go to bed matters. Grossman says. If you go to bed after 2, your performance starts to go down even if you get the same seven hours. So, quantity isn’t everything.” 1. What is the new finding about sleep? A. It’s essential for a person’s health. B. Sleeping less may cause obesity. C. Sleeping too much is dangerous. D. Enough sleep leads to better grades. 2. What does the underlined word “Fitbits” in paragraph 2 refer to? A. Wearable devices. B. Questionnaires. C. Fitness equipment. D. Smartphones. 3. Which of the following best describes the final result the new study? A. Doubtful. B. Predictable. C. Disappointing. D. Unexpected. 4. What will benefit students’ study according to Grossman? A. Sleeping for 5 hours each day. B. Heading to bed at 3 a.m. every day. C. Getting enough sleep while learning. D. Going to bed early only before a test. 【答案】1. D 2. A 3. D 4. C 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。一项新研究表明，睡眠不足除了对身体健康造成不良影响之外，也会对学习成绩产生影响。好的睡眠质量是提高学习成绩的关键。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Now, a new study by Boston’s Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) has found that getting sufficient sleep is also the key to improving academic performance.(现在，波士顿麻省理工学院(MIT)的一项新研究发现，充足的睡眠也是提高学习成绩的关键。)”可知，关于睡眠的新发现是充足的睡眠会带来更好的成绩。故选D。 【2题详解】 词义猜测题。根据后文“Instead, the professor of Computational Materials Science hoped the popular wrist worn device which tracks a person’s activity 24/7, would show a connection between physical exercise and academic achievement. (相反，这位计算材料科学教授希望这款流行的、可以全天候跟踪人的活动的腕式设备能够显示出体育锻炼和学术成就之间的联系。)”可知Fitbits指的是一种可以穿戴的设备。故选A。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中“However, the study, published in the journal Science Learning on October 1, 2019, discovered a surprising insight. (然而，这项于2019年10月1日发表在《科学学习》杂志上的研究发现了一个令人惊讶的发现。)”中surprising“令人惊奇的”可推断，这项新研究的最终结果是让人意想不到的。故选D。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Instead, it’s the sleep you get during the days when learning is happening that matters most. (相反，你在学习期间的睡眠时间才是最重要的。)”以及最后一段中““When you go to bed matters,’ Grossman says. ‘If you go to bed after 2, your performance starts to go down even if you get the same seven hours. So, quantity isn’t everything.’ (“什么时候上床很重要。”格罗斯曼说，“如果你在2点之后上床睡觉，你的表现就会开始下降，即使你仍然睡7个小时。因此，数量并不代表一切。”)”可推断，Grossman认为学习时睡眠充足将有利于学生的学习。故选C。 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $