选修二 U2-2025高中英语单词讲解（译林版)

选修2一unit2词汇精讲 participate 词义与词性 。词义I(v.)::参加；参与例句：Everyone in the class is expected to participate in the discussion. (来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ·名词：participation;例句：Your participation in the activity is very important..（来源：柯 林斯词典) 。形容词：participatory;例句：The participatory approach encourages everyone to have a say. (来源：韦氏词典)动词现在分词：participating:例句：He is participating in a race..(来 源：朗文当代英语词典)动词过去式和过去分词：participated;例句：She participated in the Olympics last year..（来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 。近义词：take part in:动词，参加；例句：Many students take part in after-school activities. (来源：牛津高阶词典) ·近义词：join in:动词，加入；例句：Come and join in the game.（来源：朗文当代英语词典) 固定搭配 ·短语l:participate in:参加；参与；适用于描述加入某个活动、项目等场景，语法上in后 接参与的活动；例句：She participated in a charity event last week.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 。短语2：participate with sb.in sth.:与某人一起参与某事；适用于多人共同参与某活动的场 景，语法上with后接一起参与的人，in后接活动：例句：He participated with his classmates in the competition.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 。考法1：作动词，考察其现在分词形式 。原题：While (participate)in social practice,we learned a lot.(participating) 。考法2：考察固定搭配participate in 。原题：All the students are required to (participate)in the sports meeting.(答案： participate) 1 选修2一unit2词汇精讲 solidarity 词义与词性 。词义1（n.):团结：齐心协力：相互支持；例句：The strike gathered support from all over the country,.showing great solidarit则among the workers.（来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 。形容词：solidary;表示团结的，休戚相关的；例句：We should be solidary in the face of difficulties..（来源：韦氏词典) 。形容词：solidaristic;表示主张团结的；例句：The solidaristic movement aims to promote social justice.（来源：韦氏词典) 同近义词 ·同义词：unity:名词，团结；联合；例句：National unity is essential for the country's devel- opment.（来源：牛津高阶词典)；- ·近义词：cohesion:名词，凝聚力；团结：例句：The team's cohesion helped them win the game.（来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ·短语l:in solidarity with:表示与…团结一致；适用于表达支持某个群体或行动的场景，语 法上with后接所支持的对象；例句：People around the world showed their support in solidarity with the protesters.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 。短语2：demonstrate solidarity:展示团结；适用于描述通过行动来体现团结的场景，语法上 demonstrate是及物动词，后直接接solidarity;例句：The students demonstrated solidarity by organizing a peaceful march.（来源：柯林斯词典) ·短语3：show solidarity:表现出团结；适用于描述展现团结态度的场景，语法上show是及 物动词，后直接接solidarity;例句：The team showed solidarity during the difficult times..(来 源：牛津高阶词典) 选修2一unit2词汇精讲 compete 词义与词性 ·词义1（v.)::竞争；对抗；例句：Several companies are competing for the contract.（来源： 牛津高阶词典) 。词义2(v.):参加比赛（或竞赛）：例句：He will compete in the long-jmp.（来源：朗文 当代英语词典) 词性转换 。名词：competition;由动词compete加后缀-ition构成；例句：There is keen competition between the two companies.（来源：柯林斯词典)- 。 名词：competitor;由动词compete加后缀-itor构成；例句：Our competitors are offering better prices.（来源：牛津高阶词典)- 形容词：competitive;由动词compete加后缀-itive构成；例句：The company needs to be more competitive to survive..(来源：朗文当代英语词典) 同近义词 。近义词：rival(v.):与…竞争；例句：The two teams rivaled each other for the title.(来源： 韦氏大词典) 、 。近义词：contend(v.):竞争；争夺：例句：Three candidates are contending for the leadership. (来源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 ·短语l:compete with/against sb.:与某人竞争；适用于描述竞争关系的场景，语法上 with/against后接竞争对手；例句：We can't compete with them on price..（来源：牛津高 阶词典) ·短语2：compete for sth.：为某物而竞争；适用于描述争夺某事物的场景，语法上for后接 竞争的目标；例句：The two teams are competing for the championship.（来源：朗文当代英 语词典) ·短语3：compete in sth.:参加某比赛；适用于描述参与比赛的场景，语法上in后接比赛项 目；例句：She competes in the1O0-meter race.（来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 ·考法1：作动词，考察其现在分词形式 。原题：Many young people are (compete)for the limited job opportunities..(答案： competing 考法2：考察固定搭配compete with sb. ● 原题：You have to your classmates in the exam.(答案：compete with) 3 选修2—unit 2词汇精讲 racial 词义与词性 ·词义 1(adj)： 种族的； 人种的； 例句：Racial discrimination is a serious social problem. (来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 副词：racially； 例句：The community is racially diverse.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ·名词：race； 例句：People of different races live together in this area.(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 同义词：ethnic (adj.) ：种族的； 民族的； 例句：Ethnic minorities should be respected.(来 源：牛津高阶词典)- 近义词：tribal( ac dj.) ：部落的； 种族的； 例句：Tribal cultures have their own w nique features. (来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 短语1：racial discrimination： 种族歧视； 适用于描述社会现象的场景， 语法上为名词短语； 例句：We should fight against racial discrimination. (来源：牛津高阶词典) 短语2：racial equality：种族平等； 适用于倡导公平正义的场景， 语法上为名词短语； 例句： Many people are working hard for racial equality.(来源：柯林斯词典) 短语3：racial conflict： 种族冲突； 适用于描述社会矛盾的场景， 语法上为名词短语； 例句： The country has e perienced racial conflicts in the past.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 。考法1：考察形容词作定语修饰名词 原题：(某地模拟题) (race) issues have always been a sensitive topic.(答案：Racial) 4 选修2一unit2词汇精讲 diverse 词义与词性 ·词义1（adj.):不同的：多种多样的；例句：People have diverse opinions on this issue.（来 源：柯林斯词典) 。词义2(adj.):形形色色的；例句：The city has a diverse population.（来源：牛津高阶 词典) 词性转换 。名词：diversity;例句：We should respect the cultural diversity of different countries.（来源： 牛津高阶词典) 。副词：diversely;例句：These animals behave diversely in different env2 ronments.（来源：柯 林斯词典) 同近义词 。近义词：various:形容词，各种各样的；例句：There are various reasons for his failure.（来 源：牛津高阶词典) 。 近义词：different:形容词，不同的；例句：We have different ideas about this plan.（来源： 柯林斯词典) ·近义词：varied:形容词，多样的；例句：The store offers a varied selection of goods..（来源： 牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 ·短语I:a diverse range of::各种各样的；适用于描述事物种类丰富的场景，语法上后接名 词复数：例句：The mu.seum has a diverse range of exhibits.,（来源：牛津高阶词典) 。短语2：diverse from:与…不同：适用于比较两个事物差异的场景，语法上from后接比 较的对象；例句：His opinion is diverse from mine..（来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 ·考法1：考察形容词词义 。原题：The school has a range of courses.(答案：diverse) ● 考法2：考察其名词形式diversity 。原题：We should appreciate the of cultures around the world.(答案：diversity) 选修2一unit2词汇精讲 joint 词义与词性 ·词义1(adj.):联合的；共同的：例句：They have a joint account at the bank..(来源：牛 津高阶词典) 。词义2(n.):关节；例句：Her joints ache in cold weather..（来源：柯林斯词典) ·词义3(n.):接头；接合处；例句：The plumber fired the joint in the pipe.（来源：韦氏 大词典) 词性转换 。形容词：jointed;例句：The jointed legs of the insect allow it to move easily.（来源：韦氏 大词典) 动词：joint;例句：He knows how to joint the pieces of wood together..(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ·近义词：combined:形容词，联合的 。近义词：collective:形容词，集体的 ·近义词：united:形容词，联合的 固定搭配 。短语l:joint effort:共同努力：适用于描述多人合作完成某事的场景，语法上effort为名词： 例句：It took a joint effort to finish the project on time.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 。短语2：joint venture:合资企业；适用于商业场景，语法上venture为名词；例句：They set up a joint venture to expand their business..（来源：柯林斯词典) 。 短语3：out of joint:脱臼；出了问题；适用于描述身体部位或事情状况，语法上为固定短 语；例句：He put his shoulder out of joint in the accident..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 短语4：joint account:联名账户；适用于金融场景，语法上account为名词；例句：A married couple may have a joint account.（来源：韦氏大词典) 典型考法 。考法1：作形容词，考察其在句子中修饰名词 。原题：They made a (joint)decision..(答案：joint) 。考法2：考察固定搭配joint venture 。原题：The two companies decided to form a to enter the new market (答案：joint venture). 6 选修2一unit2词汇精讲 motto 词义与词性 ·词义1（n.):座右铭；格言；箴言；例句：Honesty is the best policy'is a well-kowm motto.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ·同义词：saying(n.):格言；谚语；例句：As the saying goes,Practice makes perfect:（来 源：牛津高阶词典) ·同义词：maxim(n.):格言；箴言；例句：One of his favorite ma.rims was 'Live and let live: (来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ·短语l:live by a motto:按照格言生活：适用于表达个人遵循某种原则的场景，语法上by 后接具体的格言：例句：He lives by the motto Never give up:（来源：牛津高阶词典) ·短语2：adopt a motto:采用一句格言：适用于表达个人或组织选择某格言作为指导的场景； 例句：The team adopted the motto'Unity is strength:（来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 ·考法1：考察名词单复数形式 。原题：My father has always lived by several wise (motto).(（答案：mottos/mottoes) 选修2一unit2词汇精讲 motivate 词义与词性 。词义1(v.):激励：激发；促使；例句：The promise of a bonus was a strong motivator to work harder.（来源：柯林斯词典) ·词义2(v.):成为…的动机：是…的原因；例句：Greed motivated him to steal.（来源： 牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 。名词：motivation;由动词motivate去e加ion构成；例句：You need to have motivation to learn a foreign language.(来源：柯林斯词典) 。形容词：motivated;在动词motivate后加ed;例句：The motivated students usually get better grades..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 。近义词：inspire(v.):激励；启发；例句：His speech inspired us to work hard.（来源：牛津 高阶词典) ·近义词：encourage(v.):鼓励；激励；例句：Parents should encourage their children to face difficulties bravely..（来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 。短语1：motivate sb.to do sth.:激励某人做某事：适用于描述激励他人采取行动的场景， 语法上to后接动词原形；例句：The coach motivated the players to win the game.（来源：牛 津高阶词典) 。短语2：be motivated by:由…所驱动；适用于说明动机来源的场景，语法上by后接动机 的来源：例句：He was motivated by a desire for moneg.（来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 ·考法1：作动词，考察其过去式和过去分词形式 ·原题：The teacher (motivate)the students to study harder last term.mo- tivated) ·考法2：考察固定搭配motivate sb.to do sth 。原题：The prize can students (work)harder.(答案：motivate ● to work) 8 选修2一unit2词汇精讲 boundary 词义与词性 。词义1（n.):分界线：边界；界限；例句：The river forms the boundary between the two countries..（来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ·形容词：boundaryless;无边界的；例句：In the digital age,there is a trend towards a bound- aryless world.（来源：自编) ·动词：bound;划定界限；例句：A high wall bounds the estate..（来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ·同义词：border(n.):边界；例句：They fled across the border.（来源：牛津高阶词典)； ·近义词：limit(n.):限度；例句：There is a limit to how much time I can spend on this.（来 源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 。短语I:boundary between..and.:…和…之间的边界；适用于描述两个区域或事物之 间界限的场景，语法上between后接两个被划分的对象；例句：The boundary between the tw0 properties is marked by a fence.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 。 短语2：set boundaries:设定界限；适用于需要明确规则或范围的场景，语法上set后接该 短语：例句：Parents should set boundaries for their children.（来源：柯林斯词典) 。短语3：push the boundaries:突破界限；适用于描述挑战现有规则或范围的场景；例句： Scientists are always trying to push the boundaries of knowledge.（来源：自编) 典型考法 。考法1：考察名词的单复数形式 。原题：There are clear (boundary)between different departments in the company. (答案：boundaries) 。考法2：考察固定搭配“boundary between..and..” 。原题：Ve need to define the (boundary)between our rights and responsibilities. (答案：boundary). 9 选修2一unit2词汇精讲 afterwards 词义与词性 ·词义1（adv.)::后来；以后；随后；例句：Let's go to the theatre first and eat afterwards.. (来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ·近义词：later(adv.):后来；稍后；例句：I'll see you later.（来源：牛津高阶词典)- ·近义词：subsequently（adv.):随后；后来；例句：He subsequently worked on the project.（来 源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 。短语1：shortly afterwards:不久之后；适用于描述事件发生的时间顺序，语法上可直接置 于句首或句末；例句：Shortly afterwards,he left the country..（来源：牛津高阶词典) 。 短语2：soon afterwards::不久以后；用法和适用场景与shortly afterwards类似；例句：She fell ill and died soon afterwards.（来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 。考法1：考察词汇在句子中的运用 。原题：（某地模拟题）He had a drink at the bar and (afterwards)went home.(答案： afterwards) 10