必修二 U4-2025高中英语单词讲解（译林版)

必修2一unit4词汇精讲 earnest 词义与词性 ·词义1（adj.):认真的；诚挚的；热切的：例句：He made an earnest attempt to persuade her.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ·副词：earnestly;例句：He listened to me earnesth4.（来源：柯林斯词典) 。名词：earnestness;例句：There was a touch of earnestness in his voice..（来源：牛津高阶 词典) 同近义词 ·近义词：serious:形容词，严肃的；例句：You sho2 uld take this problem seriously.（来源：牛 津高阶词典) 。近义词：sincere:形容词，真诚的：例句：He has a sincere heart..（来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ·短语1：in earnest:认真地；真正地；适用于描述开始认真做某事的场景，语法上一般置于 句末；例句：He started working in earnest.（来源：牛津高阶词典) ·短语2：with an earnest look:带着认真的神情：适用于描述人表情的场景，语法上作伴随 状语；例句：He looked at me with an earnest look.（来源：朗文当代英语词典) 典型考法 。考法1：作形容词，考察其在句中作定语的用法 。原题：He is an (earnest)student.(答案：earnest) 1 必修2一unit4词汇精讲 literature 词义与词性 ·词义1（n.):文学；文学作品；例句：She's studying English literature.（来源：牛津高阶 词典) 。词义2（n.):文献：资料：例句：There is a lot of literature on the subject..（来源：柯林斯 词典) 词性转换 ·形容词：literary:例句：He has a strong interest in literary works.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ·同义词：belles-lettres::名词，纯文学；例句：He is fond of belles-lettres..(来源：韦氏 词典)- 。近义词：writing: 名词，著作；例句：His writing reflects the social reality.（来源：柯林斯 词典) 固定搭配 。短语1：classical literature:古典文学；适用于文学研究、讨论等场景，语法上直接使用：例 句：Classical literature is the essence of human wisdom.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 。短语2：popular literature:通俗文学；适用于描述文学类型的场景，语法上直接使用；例 句：Popular literature is very popular among young people..（来源：柯林斯词典) 。短语3：literature review:文献综述；适用于学术研究场景，语法上直接使用：例句：You need to write a literature review for your research.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 。考法1：考察名词词义 。原题：Reading classic (literature)can broaden our horizons..(答案：literature)? 2 必修2一unit4词汇精讲 butterfly 词义与词性 ·词义1(n.):蝴蝶；蝶；例句：A butterfly fluttered past us.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 。形容词：butterflied;意思是切成蝴蝶状的：例句：Butterflied shrimps are easy to cook..（来 源：网络英语例句) 。 动词：butterfly:意思是把…切成蝴蝶状；例句：You should butterfly the chicken breast before cooking.（来源：网络英语例句) 同近义词 ·同义词：papilio:名词，蝴蝶；例句：Papilio is a beautiful kind of butterfl4.（来源：网络英 语例句)： ·近义词：moth:名词，蛾；例句：The moth Aluttered around the light..（来源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 ·短语1：butterfly effect:蝴蝶效应；适用于描述微小变化引发巨大影响的场景，语法上直接 使用；例句：The butterfly effect is a well-known concept in chaos theory.（来源：网络英语 例句) ·短语2：butterfly stroke:蝶泳；适用于描述游泳姿势的场景，语法上可作主语、宾语等；例 句：She is good at the butterfly stroke..（来源：牛津高阶词典) 。短语3：social butterfly:交际花；适用于描述善于社交的人的场景，语法上可作主语、宾语： 例句：She's a real social butterfly..（来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 。考法1：考察名词单复数形式 。原题：There are many (butterfly)in the garden.(答案：butterflies) 3 必修2一unit4词汇精讲 shell 词义与词性 。词义1(n.):壳；贝壳；外壳；例句：She picked up a beautiful shell on the beach.（来源： 牛津高阶词典) 。词义2（n.)::炮弹；例句：The soldiers took cover from the enemy's shells.（来源：柯林斯 词典) 。词义3(v.):剥…的壳；炮击；例句：He shelled the peanuts for the children.（来源：牛 津高阶词典) 同近义词 ·同义词：husk:名词，外壳；例句：The husk of the coconut is very hard.(来源：牛津高阶 词典) ·近义词：case:名词，外壳；例句：The phone comes in a protective case.（来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ·短语I:shell out(for sth.):付款；掏出钱买某物；适用于描述支付费用的场景，语法上可单 独使用或接for后接购买的物品；例句：I had to shell out a lot of money for the new computer. (来源：牛津高阶词典) 。短语2：come out of one's shell:不再羞怯：开始活跃自信：适用于描述人性格转变的场景： 例句：She's really come out of her shell since she started this job.（来源：牛津高阶词典) ·短语3：in a nutshell:简言之；概括地说；适用于总结陈述观点的场景；例句：In a nutshell, we need to work harder..（来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 。考法1：作名词，考察其复数形式 。原题：Ve found many beautiful (shell)on the beach.(答案：shells) 考法2：作动词，考察其过去式形式 原题：The town was (shell)by the enemy last week.(答案：shelled) 必修2unit4词汇精讲 appeal 词义与词性 。词义1(v.):呼吁；恳求；诉诸；例句：The government is appealing to everyone to save water.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ·词义2(v.):有吸引力：有感染力；例句：The idea of working abroad really appeals to me. (来源：牛津高阶词典) 。词义3(n.):呼吁；恳求；例句：The police made an appeal to the public for information. (来源：牛津高阶词典) ·词义4(n.)::吸引力；感染力；例句：The new fashion soon lost its appeal.（来源：牛津 高阶词典) 词性转换 ·形容词：appealinga:有吸引力的，有感染力的；例句：The offer was very appealing.（来源： 柯林斯词典) 。名词：appealability;可上诉性；例句：The appealability of the case is being discussed.（来 源：法律专业词典) 同近义词 ·近义词：attract:动词，吸引；例句：The beautiful scenery attracted a lot of tourists.（来源： 牛津高阶词典) ·近义词：charm:动词，吸引，迷住；例句：Her smile charmed everyone in the room.(来源： 牛津高阶词典) ·近义词：invite:动词，吸引；例句：The warm weather invited us to go for a swim.(来源： 柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ·短语1：appeal to sb.:对某人有吸引力；适用于描述事物对人的吸引力场景，语法上to后 接人；例句：This kind of movie appeals to young people..（来源：牛津高阶词典) 。短语2：appeal to sb.for sth.:向某人呼吁/恳求某事适用于求助场景，语法上for后接求 助内容；例句：The organization appealed to the government for financial support.（来源：柯 林斯词典) 。短语3：make an appeal:发出呼吁；适用于表达呼吁行为的场景；例句：The mayor made an appeal for calm.（来源：牛津高阶词典) ·短语4：appeal against sth.：对某事提出上诉；适用于法律或规则相关场景，语法上against 后接上诉对象；例句：He decided to appeal against the court'sdecision.(来源：牛津高阶 词典) 典型考法 。考法1：作动词，考察其过去式和过去分词形式 。原题：The charity (appeal)for donations last month.appealed) ● 考法2：考察固定搭配appeal to sb, 原题：This kind of music doesn't me.(答案：appeal to) 必修2unit4词汇精讲 determine 词义与词性 。词义1(v.):决定；确定；查明；例句：We set out to determine exactly what happened that night.（来源：柯林斯词典) 。词义2(v.)::决心：决意；例句：He determined to work harder from then on.（来源：牛 津高阶词典) 。词义3(v.):影响（某事发生的方式）；是…的决定因素；例句：The size of the audience will determine the price of the ticket..（来源：朗文当代英语词典) 词性转换 。名词：determination 。形容词：determined;例句：He showed great determination in facing difficulties.（来源：柯林斯 词典)例句：She is a determined woman.(来源：牛津高阶词典)动词现在分词：determining: 例句：Determining the cause of the accident is very important.（来源：朗文当代英语词典) 动词过去式和过去分词：determined;例句：The court determined that the man was guilty.. (来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ·同义词：decide(v.):决定 ·近义词：resolve(v.):决心 ·近义词：settle(v.):决定；例句：He decided to leave.（来源：牛津高阶词典)例句：She resolved to change her lifestyle.（来源：柯林斯词典)例句：Let's settle the problem now.（来 源：朗文当代英语词典) 固定搭配 。短语l:determine to do sth.:决心做某事；适用于表达个人意志和决心的场景，语法上to 后接动词原形：例句：She determined to become a doctor.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 。短语2：be determined to do sth.:决心做某事；强调状态，适用于描述某人有坚定意志的 场景，语法上to后接动词原形；例句：He is determined to achieve his goal.（来源：柯林斯 词典) 短语3：determine on/upon sth..:决定某事；适用于做出选择或决定的场景，语法上on/upon 后接名词或动名词；例句：They determined on a new plan.(来源：朗文当代英语词典) 。短语4：determine the course of:决定…的进程；适用于描述对事物发展过程起决定性作用 的场景，语法上后接名词；例句：His actions determined the course of the battle.（来源：柯 林斯词典) 典型考法 ·考法1：作动词，考察其过去式和过去分词形式 。原题：He (determine)to study abroad last year.determined) ● 考法2：考察固定搭配be determined to do sth. 原题：She is (determine)to win the competition.(答案：determined) 6 必修2unit4词汇精讲 description 词义与词性 。词义1(n.)::描写：描述；形容：例句：The book gives a detailed description of life in a small village.（来源：牛津高阶词典) ·词义2(n.):类型；种类例句：We sell diamonds of every description.（来源：柯林斯 词典) 词性转换 ·动词：describe;例句：Can you describe your attacker?(来源：牛津高阶词典) 。形容词：descriptive;例句：The report was so descriptive that I felt as if I was there.（来源： 柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ·同义词：depiction:名词，描写；例句：The painting is a wonderful depiction of the sunset. (来源：牛津高阶词典) ·近义词：portrayal:名词，描绘；例句：The actor's portrayal of the character was excellent, (来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 。短语l:give a description of::描述；形容；适用于描述事物特征、情况等场景，语法上of 后接被描述的对象：例句：Can you give a description of the thief?（来源：牛津高阶词典) 。 短语2：beyond description:难以形容；适用于表达某种程度或感受非常强烈，无法用言语 描述的场景；例句：The beauty of the scenery was beyond description.（来源：柯林斯词典) 短语3：in description:在描述中；例句：In description,the place sounds wonderful.(来源： 柯林斯词典) 典型考法 ·考法1：考察名词单复数变化 。原题：Please give me some (description)of the event..(答案：descriptions) 考法2：考察固定搭配give a description of ● 原题：The witness gave a clear (describe)of the suspect.(答案：description) 7 必修2unit4词汇精讲 significant 词义与词性 。词义1(adj.):重要的，有意义的；例句：Winning this award is a significant achievement for her.（来源：柯林斯词典) 。词义2(adj.):显著的，明显的；例句：There has been a significant increase in sales this year.（来源：牛津高阶词典) ·词义3(adj.):意味深长的；例句：He gave her a signa近cant look.（来源：朗文当代英语 词典) 词性转换 ·名词：significance;例句：The significance of this event cannot be overstated.（来源：牛津 高阶词典) ·副词：significantly;例句：The prices have dropped significantly4.（来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ·同义词：important:形容词，重要的；例句：Health is important..（来源：牛津高阶词典) ·近义词：notable:形容词，显著的；例句：There are some notable changes in this version.. (来源：柯林斯词典) ·近义词：meaningful:形容词，有意义的；例句：We had a meaningful conversation.(来源： 朗文当代英语词典) 固定搭配 。短语1：be significant for:对…有重要意义；适用于描述事物对其他事物的重要性场景， 语法上for后接对象；例句：This event is significant for the development of the city.（来源： 牛津高阶词典) 短语2：a significant amount/number of:大量的；适用于描述数量的场景，语法上后接可数 名词复数或不可数名词；例句：A significant number of students are interested in this activity (来源：柯林斯词典) ·短语3：be of significance:有重要意义；适用于强调事物的重要性场景，语法上of后接名 词；例句：This decision is of great significance.（来源：朗文当代英语词典) 典型考法 。考法1：作形容词，考察其副词形式 。原题：The situation has changed (significant)in the past few years.(答案：sig nificantly) 。考法2：考察固定搭配be of significance 。原题：This discovery is great (significance).(答案：of ·significance) 8 必修2unit4词汇精讲 sensitive 词义与词性 ·词义1（adj.):体贴的，善解人意的：例句：A sensitive friend will understand your feelings. (来源：柯林斯词典) 。词义2（adj.):敏感的，易受影响的；例句：Eyes are very sensitive organs.（来源：牛津 高阶词典) 。词义3（adj.):易生气的，敏感的：例句：He is sensitive about his weight.（来源：朗文当 代英语词典) 词性转换 ·名词：sensitivity;例句：The sensitivity of the test is very high..(来源：柯林斯词典) ·副词：sensitively;例句：He handled the situation very sensitively.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ·近义词：responsive: 形容词，反应灵敏的；例句：The market is responsive to changes in demand.（来源：柯林斯词典) ·近义词：tender:形容词，体贴的；例句：He is a tender husband.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 。短语1：be sensitive to:对…敏感：适用于描述人或事物对某种因素反应强烈的场景，语 法上to后接敏感的对象；例句：Some people are sensitive to pollen.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 。短语2：sensitive about:对…在意：适用于描述人对某方面容易生气或不安的场景，语法 上about后接在意的事情；例句：Don't be so sensitive about your mistakes.（来源：朗文当 代英语词典) 典型考法 。考法1：作形容词，考察其在句子中的用法 。原题：She is very to criticism.(答案sensitive)》 ● 考法2：考察与该词相关的固定搭配be sensitive to 。原题：Babies are cold.(答案：sensitive to) 9 必修2一unit4词汇精讲 capable 词义与词性 ·词义1（adj.):有能力的；有才能的：能胜任的：例句：She's a very capable speaker.（来 源：牛津高阶词典) 。词义2（adj.):(事物)有…能力的；能…的：例句：This machine is capable of handling large volumes of data..(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 。名词：capability;例句：The company's capabilities in software development are well-known. (来源：牛津高阶词典) ·副词：capably;例句：He handled the situation capably..（来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ·近义词：able(adj.):有能力的；例句：She is able to solve difficult problems..（来源：牛津 高阶词典)- ·近义词：competent(adj.):能胜任的；例句：He is a competent engineer.(来源：柯林斯 词典) 固定搭配 。短语l:be capable of:有能力做某事：适用于描述人或事物具备某种能力的场景，语法上 of后接动名词或名词；例句：He is capable of running a mile in under five minutes..（来源： 牛津高阶词典) 。短语2：capable person:有能力的人：适用于描述人的能力特点的场景，语法上是形容词修 饰名词；例句：We need a capable person to lead this project.（来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 。考法l:考察固定搭配be capable of 。原题：The new system is (capable)processing a large amount of data quickly (答案：capable of) 10