内容正文:
Unit 5 Signs
专题02 语法提升·易错题专项训练
句型、语法
语法提升
高频易错点、易错点提示、小练笔、答题点拨
易错精讲
询问标志语的句型 高频易错点01
句型结构: What +do/does + 主语 + mean?
主语 + means/mean .....
mean(动词,意思)→ meaning(名词,意思)
—What does it mean? 它是什么意思?
—It means the floor is wet. 它的意思是地面湿滑。
易错点提示
句式(主语为实义动词的一般现在时特殊疑问句及答语)
1. 主语为第三人称单数(it/this sign 等)
问句:What does it/this sign mean?
单数句同义转换:What is the meaning of + 单数事物?
答语:It means + 含义.
—What does this sign mean? 这个标志是什么意思?
—It means you can’t eat or drink. 它的意思是你不能吃和喝。
2. 主语为复数(them/these signs 等)
问句:What do them/these signs mean?
单数句同义转换:What are the meanings of + 复数事物?
答语:They mean + 含义.
—What do these signs mean? 这些标志是什么意思?
—They mean you can’t litter or smoking. 它们意思是你不能乱扔垃圾和吸烟。
3. 主谓一致规则
主语为第三人称单数,谓语动词为实义动词,助动词用 does;主语为复数,
助动词用 do 。
小练笔
单项选择。
( ) 1.—What _______ these signs mean?
—They _______ “Be quiet!”
A.does; mean B.do; mean C.are; mean
( ) 2.—What do the ________ mean?
—They mean“Danger!” and“No ________”.
A.sign; eating B.signs; smoking C.signs; eat
( ) 3.Please __________ litter here. The sign on the wall __________ “No littering.”
A.don’t; means B.doesn’t; means C.can’t; mean
( ) 4.—__________it__________ “Wet floor”?
—Yes, the floor is wet.
A.Is; mean B.Does; mean C.Is; means
( ) 5.______ the sign ______ “No littering”?
A.Do; mean B.Does; mean C.Is; mean
选择题答案及解析
1. 答案:B,主语“these signs”是复数,特殊疑问句中助动词用“do”;答句主语“They”是复数,谓语动词用原形“mean” 。
2. 答案:B,第一空,助动词“do”提示主语是复数,选“signs”;第二空,“No + 动名词”表禁止,选“smoking”(“No smoking”是固定表达 )。
3. 答案:A,第一空,祈使句否定用“don’t + 动词原形”;第二空,主语“The sign”是单数,谓语动词用“means” 。
4. 答案:B,主语“it”是第三人称单数,一般疑问句中助动词用“Does”,谓语动词用原形“mean” 。
5. 答案:B,主语“the sign”是第三人称单数,一般疑问句中助动词用“Does”,谓语动词用原形“mean” 。
点
拨
祈使句的用法高频易错点02
一、祈使句概念
1. 用于表达命令、请求、建议、劝告或禁止等的句子
2. 主语“You”通常被省略,一般以动词原形开头
3. 可在句首或句末加上Please表示礼貌
4. 句末用感叹号或者问号,用降调来读
二、祈使句类型
易错点提示
祈使句的应答方式
肯定回答:OK./Sure./All right.
Please close the window. → OK.
否定回答:Sorry, I can’t.(需说明原因)
Let’s go swimming today. → Sorry, I have to study.
小练笔
填空题。
1.It means “No _____ (fish)”.
2.The sign on the wall means “No ______!” (smoke)
3.______ (not park) your car here.
4.Please ________ (not litter) in the street.
5.Don’t ________ (吸烟). It’s bad for your health.
6.There is a sign “______ ______! (小心地滑)”
点
拨
1. 答案:fishing,“No + 动名词” 表禁止,“fish”(钓鱼)的动名词是 “fishing”,即 “No fishing”(禁止钓鱼 )。
2. 答案:smoking,“No + 动名词” 表禁止,“smoke”(吸烟 )的动名词是 “smoking”,构成 “No smoking”(禁止吸烟 )。
3. 答案:Don’t park,祈使句否定用 “Don’t + 动词原形”,表 “不要做某事”,即 “Don’t park”(别停车 )。
4. 答案:don’t litter,“Please + don’t + 动词原形” 是礼貌否定祈使句,表 “请不要做某事”,填 “don’t litter”(请别乱扔垃圾 )。
5. 答案:smoke,“Don’t + 动词原形” 构成祈使句否定,“吸烟” 英文是 “smoke”,即 “Don’t smoke”(别吸烟 )。
6. 答案:Wet floor,“小心地滑” 常用英文标识是 “Wet floor”,为固定表达 。
点餐常用句型高频易错点03
Do you want some juice? Yes, please.
Do you want...?:意为“你想要……吗?”,用于询问对方是否想要某物,其同义句为“Would you like...?”,但后者比前者语气更加委婉。
两者的答语相同:想要某物的话可以用“Yes, please.”回答,不想要的话可以用“No, thanks/thank you.”回答。
易错点提示
一、some和any的基础用法区别
二、some的特殊用法
some虽通常用于肯定句,但在以下2种特殊场景的疑问句中,也用some,核心是“希望得到肯定回答”或“表达友好请求/建议”:
1. 表示请求(想要得到某物)
Can I have some candies?(我能要些糖果吗?)
(解析:说话人希望对方同意给糖果,用some更委婉)
2. 表示建议(推荐某物给对方)
Would you like some bread?(你想来些面包吗?)
(解析:说话人主动推荐,期待对方接受,用some更友好)
小练笔
选择题。
( )1. —______ you want some apples? —Yes, please.
A. Do B. Are C. Would
( )2. There isn’t ______ milk in the fridge.
A. some B. any C. a
( )3. —Would you like ______ juice? —No, thanks.
A. any B. a C. some
( )4. I have ______ books. Let’s read together.
A. any B. some C. a
( )5. —Do you have ______ erasers? —No, I don’t.
A. some B. any C. a 点
拨
1. 答案:A,“Do you want...”是询问“你想要……吗”的基础句型,“Would you like...”更委婉,但本题原句是“Do you want...”结构,选A 。
2. 答案:B,否定句中表示“一些”用“any”,“some”用于肯定句,选B 。
3. 答案:C,“Would you like...”句型里,表建议、希望得到肯定回答时用“some”,选C 。
4. 答案:B,肯定句中表示“一些”用“some”,选B 。
5. 答案:B,一般疑问句中表示“一些”用“any”,选B 。
综合训练
一、英汉短语互译。
1. wet floor ____________ 2. No littering ____________
3. No smoking____________ 4. No eating or drinking ____________
5. Be quiet ____________ 6. 禁止钓鱼 ____________
7. 在购物中心 ____________ 8. 禁止停车 ____________
9. 这个标志的意思 ____________ 10. 想要一些果汁 ____________
二、用括号内单词的正确形式填空。
1. It means you can't ______ (litter) here.
2. The sign on the door ______ (mean) "No entry".
3. Please ______ (not run) in the classroom.
4. "No ______ (smoke)" is a common sign in public places.
5. What do these ______ (sign) mean?
6. Let's ______ (read) the sign carefully before entering.
7. Don't ______ (be) late for school. The sign says "Be on time".
8. There ______ (be) a "Wet floor" sign over there.
9. My mother asks me ______ (not eat) in the library.
10. Does this sign ______ (tell) us to keep quiet?
三、单项选择题。
( )1. —What ______ that sign mean?
—It means "No eating".
A. do B. does C. is
( )2. There isn't ______ water in the cup. Can you get some for me?
A. some B. any C. a
( )3. Please ______ touch the door. The sign says "Danger".
A. don't B. doesn't C. can't
( )4. —Would you like ______ bread?
—Yes, please.
A. any B. a C. some
( )5. The signs ______ "No parking" and "No smoking".
A. mean B. means C. meaning
( )6. —______ is the meaning of this sign?
—It means we should be quiet.
A. What B. How C. Where
( )7. Don't let him ______ in the river. The sign says "No swimming".
A. swim B. swims C. swimming
( )8. —Do you want ______ apples?
—No, thanks.
A. some B. any C. an
( )9. The floor is wet. The sign "Wet floor" ______ us to walk carefully.
A. tell B. tells C. telling
( )10. —______ you see the sign over there?
—Yes, I can.
A. Do B. Can C. Are
四、句型转换。
1. This sign means "No smoking".(对划线部分提问)
______ ______ this sign ______?
2. They want some juice.(改为一般疑问句)
______ they ______ ______ juice?
3. We can litter here.(改为否定句)
We ______ ______ litter here.
4. The sign on the wall means " Be quiet".(改为复数句)
The ______ on the walls ______ "Be quiet".
5. Do you want some bread?(改为同义句)
______ you ______ ______ bread?
6. Let's eat in the library.(改为否定句)
Let's ______ ______ in the library.
五、根据汉语意思完成句子。
1. 这个标志是什么意思?它的意思是禁止钓鱼。
______ ______ this sign ______? It ______ "No fishing".
2. 请不要在这里停车,墙上的标志写着“禁止停车”。
Please ______ ______ here. The sign on the wall ______ "No parking".
3. 你想要一些牛奶吗?是的,麻烦了。
______ you ______ ______ milk? Yes, ______.
4. 这些标志的意思是我们不能在这里吃喝。
These signs ______ we ______ ______ or ______ here.
5. 地面湿滑,请小心。
The floor ______ ______. Please ______ ______.
6. 他知道为什么我们不应该在图书馆里跑步。
He ______ ______ we ______ ______ in the library.
7. 那个标志意味着“危险”,我们必须远离它。
That sign ______ "Danger". We ______ ______ ______ from it.
8. 碗里没有米饭了,我需要再煮一些。
There ______ ______ rice in the bowl. I need to cook ______ more.
9. 让我们一起看看这个标志的意思吧。
Let's ______ ______ the ______ of this sign together.
10. 不要在教室里吸烟,这对我们的健康不好。
______ ______ in the classroom. It's ______ ______ our health.
六、阅读理解,判断正(T)误(F)
Today is Sunday. Tom and his sister Lucy go to the zoo. When they get to the zoo gate, they see a big sign. It says "No pets". Tom asks Lucy, "What does this sign mean?" Lucy answers, "It means we can't take our pets into the zoo."
Inside the zoo, they walk to the monkey area. There is a sign near the cage. It says "Don't feed the monkeys". Tom wants to give a banana to a monkey, but Lucy stops him. "We can't do that. The sign tells us not to feed them," Lucy says.
Then they go to the restaurant in the zoo. They are hungry and want to eat. There is a sign on the table. It says "Wet table". Tom says, "Oh, we need to be careful. The table is wet."
After eating, they go to the exit (出口). On the way, they see a sign that says "No running". They walk slowly and follow the rule. Tom and Lucy have a good day at the zoo.
根据短文内容,判断下列句子正(T)误(F):
( ) 1. Tom and Lucy go to the park on Sunday.
( ) 2. The sign at the zoo gate means "No pets".
( ) 3. Tom gives a banana to a monkey in the zoo.
( ) 4. The sign near the monkey cage says "Don't feed the monkeys".
( ) 5. The sign on the table in the restaurant means "Wet floor".
( ) 6. Tom and Lucy run to the exit of the zoo.
参考答案
一、英汉短语互译
1. 地面湿滑(“wet”表潮湿,“floor”指地面,为标志常见表达)
2. 禁止乱扔垃圾(“No+动名词”表禁止,“littering”是“乱扔垃圾”的动名词)
3. 禁止吸烟(固定标志语,“smoking”为“吸烟”的动名词)
4. 禁止吃喝(“or”连接“eat”和“drink”,表两者都禁止)
5. 保持安静(祈使句短语,用于要求他人安静)
6. No fishing(“禁止”用“No+动名词”,“fish”(钓鱼)的动名词为“fishing”)
7. at the shopping centre(“在购物中心”固定搭配,小地点前用“at”)
8. No parking(“park”表停车,动名词“parking”,构成禁止类标志)
9. the meaning of this sign(“……的意思”用“the meaning of”,“this sign”指“这个标志”)
10. want some juice(“want”表想要,“juice”不可数,用“some”修饰)
二、用括号内单词的正确形式填空
1. litter 2. means 3. don't run 4. smoking 5. signs
6. read 7. be 8. is 9. not to eat 10. tell
1. litter(“can't”是情态动词,后接动词原形)
2. means(主语“the sign”是第三人称单数,一般现在时谓语用第三人称单数形式)
3. don't run(祈使句否定结构为“Don't+动词原形”)
4. smoking(“No+动名词”表禁止,“smoke”的动名词是“smoking”)
5. signs(“these”后接可数名词复数,“sign”的复数为“signs”)
6. read(“let's”后接动词原形)
7. be(“Don't”后接动词原形,“be”为原形)
8. is(“there be”句型中,主语“a sign”是单数,be动词用“is”)
9. not to eat(固定搭配“ask sb. not to do sth.”,表“让某人不要做某事”)
10. tell(“does”是助动词,后接动词原形)
三、单项选择题
1. B 2. B 3. A 4. C 5. A
6. A 7. A 8. A 9. B 10. B
1. B(主语“that sign”是第三人称单数,特殊疑问句用助动词“does”)
2. B(否定句中表“一些”用“any”;“water”不可数,不用“a”)
3. A(祈使句否定用“Don't+动词原形”,“doesn't”用于主语是第三人称单数的否定句,不符合)
4. C(“Would you like...?”表建议,希望得到肯定回答,用“some”;“bread”不可数,不用“a”)
5. A(主语“the signs”是复数,一般现在时谓语用原形)
6. A(询问“含义”用“what”;“how”表方式,“where”表地点,均不贴合)
7. A(固定搭配“let sb. do sth.”,后接动词原形)
8. A(“Do you want...?”表委婉请求,用“some”;“apples”是复数,不用“an”)
9. B(主语“the sign”是第三人称单数,谓语用第三人称单数形式“tells”)
10. B(答句用“can”,问句需用“can”引导,保持一致)
四、句型转换
1. What does; mean 2. Do; want some 3. can not
4. signs; mean 5. Would; like some 6. not eat
1. What does; mean(对“含义”提问用“what”,主语“this sign”是单数,助动词用“does”,后接原形“mean”)
2. Do; want some(主语“they”是复数,一般疑问句用“do”,“want”用原形;请求语境用“some”)
3. can not(“can”的否定形式是“can not”)
4. signs; mean(“sign”的复数是“signs”,主语变为复数,谓语用原形“mean”)
5. Would; like some(“Do you want...?”的同义句是“Would you like...?”,用“some”表建议)
6. not eat(“let's”否定结构为“let's not+动词原形”)
五、根据汉语意思完成句子
1. What does; mean; means(询问标志含义用“What does...mean?”,答句主语“it”是单数,谓语用“means”)
2. don't park; means(祈使句否定用“don't park”;主语“the sign”是单数,谓语用“means”)
3. Do; want some; please(“你想要……吗”用“Do you want some...?”,肯定回答用“Yes, please.”)
4. mean; can't eat; drink(主语“these signs”是复数,谓语用“mean”;“can't”后接动词原形“eat”“drink”)
5. is wet; be careful(“地面湿滑”是“the floor is wet”;“小心”是“be careful”,祈使句用原形)
6. knows why; shouldn't run(主语“he”是单数,谓语用“knows”;“不应该”用“shouldn't”,后接原形“run”)
7. means; must stay away(主语“that sign”是单数,谓语用“means”;“必须”用“must”,“远离”是“stay away from”)
8. isn't any; some(否定句用“isn't any”;肯定句表“一些”用“some”)
9. look at; meaning(“看看”是“look at”;“……的意思”是“the meaning of”)
10. Don't smoke; bad for(祈使句否定用“Don't smoke”;“对……不好”是“bad for”)
六、阅读理解(判断正T误F)
1. F 2. T 3. F 4. T 5. F 6. F
1. F(原文是“go to the zoo”,不是“park”)
2. T(原文“zoo gate”处的标志写着“No pets”,与题干一致)
3. F(原文“Tom wants to give... but Lucy stops him”,未成功给香蕉)
4. T(原文“near the monkey cage”的标志是“Don't feed the monkeys”,符合题干)
5. F(原文餐厅桌子上的标志是“Wet table”,不是“Wet floor”)
6. F(原文“see 'No running'... They walk slowly”,没有跑)
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