专题02 非谓语动词（二）（定语、状语）（期中复习讲义）高二英语上学期译林版

专题01 非谓语动词(二)(定语、状语) (期中复习讲义) 年份 卷别 考点 考情分析 2025 新高考Ⅱ卷 动词不定式作目的 过去分词作后置定语 【考向透视】 非谓语动词是高中英语语法中的重要部分，是高考的必考项目。非谓语动词包括动词不定式、分词(现在分词、过去分词)、动名词，在句子中可以作除谓语以外的其他成分。非谓语动词常考考点主要有动词不定式的功能、现在分词和过去分词的用法区别及非谓语动词的时态、语态、省略等。该项内容考查考生在具体语言环境中理解句子结构和分析句子成分的能力。分析近年高考真题可知，语法填空中一般考查2个左右，这是语法填空中的一大难点。 【复习目标】 1. 非谓语动词的概念。 2. 非谓语动词在句子中的作用。 3. 非谓语动词的种类。 浙江 不定式作结果状语 北京 现在分词作状语 2024 北京卷 动词不定式作结果状语 过去分词作状语 现在分词作结果状语 浙江卷 动词不定式作目的状语 过去分词作后置定语 新高考I卷 过去分词作定语 新高考Ⅱ卷 不定式作后置定语 过去分词作定语 2023 北京卷 过去分词作状语 不定式作目的状语 现在分词作后置定语 全国甲卷 不定式作目的 现在分词作状语 ( 非谓语动词作定语 ) 知识点01 现在分词作定语 现在分词(V-ing 形式)作定语表示主动或正在进行的动作，单个现在分词作定语通常放在被修饰词之前，现在分词短语作定语则置于被修饰词之后，相当于一个定语从句 。 当被修饰的名词与分词之间为主动关系时，用现在分词；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表正在进行时，用“being＋过去分词”； The park was full of people (who are) enjoying themselves in the sunshine. 公园里人山人海，人们在阳光下玩得很快乐。(主动) We must keep a secret of the things (which are) being discussed here. 我们必须对在此讨论的问题保密。(被动、正在进行) 单个现在分词：The running boy is my brother. (正在奔跑的男孩是我的弟弟，“running” 表示主动且正在进行的动作) 【温馨提示】有些现在分词作定语不表示正在进行，而是表示事物的性质或特点，如 “an exciting story(一个令人兴奋的故事)”“a tiring journey(一次累人的旅程)” 。 知识点02 过去分词作定语 过去分词作定语表示被动或完成的动作，单个过去分词作定语一般放在被修饰词前，过去分词短语作定语放在被修饰词后，同样可转换为定语从句 。当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表完成或状态时，用过去分词。 The players (who are)selected from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game. 人们期待着从全国各地挑选出来的运动员能在今年夏季的赛事中给我们带来荣誉。(被动、完成) 单个过去分词：The broken window needs to be repaired.(破碎的窗户需要修理，“broken” 表示被动和完成) 【温馨提示】形容词化的过去分词：像 “interested(感兴趣的)”“surprised(惊讶的)”“frightened(害怕的)” 等，在句中作定语时主要起描述性质的作用 ，如 “an interested look(一个感兴趣的表情)”。 知识点03 不定式作定语 (1)不定式作定语常表示将来的动作；不定式的被动式to be done作定语表示将来、被动的动作。 You are supposed to take this opportunity to realize your dream. 你应该抓住这个机会去实现你的梦想。 The question to be discussed at the meeting is very important. 将在会议上讨论的那个问题非常重要。 (2)不定式常放在某些名词或代词后作定语。如果作定语的不定式是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后需要加相应的介词。 He had no pen to write with so he had to borrow one from his neighbour. 他没有钢笔写字，不得不从邻居那儿借了一支。 (3)当中心词为序数词、最高级，the last，the only等或中心词被这类词修饰，且该中心词是作定语的非谓语动词所表示的动作的执行者时，多用不定式作定语。 He is always the first to arrive at the school and the last to leave the school. 他总是第一个到校，最后一个离校。 (4)被修饰词是抽象名词时，常用不定式作定语。常见的该类名词有：ability，chance，idea，hope，wish，fact，excuse，promise，attempt，way等。 The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself. 表达观点的能力与观点本身同等重要。 【即时检测】 1. When you go to restaurants in different parts of the world, it’s important to know the right and wrong things ________(do). 2. The best way ________(ease) pressure on over-touristed destinations is to go somewhere else. 3. I have a hunger ________(find) a job in the city so that I can support myself. 4. However, it should be noted that ________(eat) habits are different from region to region. 5. They were part of a 15-member ________(explore) party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there. 6. After the ________(advertise) campaign, our market share has increased by 15% to 60% in the home market. 7. There are a variety of customs of the Mid-Autumn Festival, ________(range) from enjoying mooncakes, admiring the moon to family reunion. 8. The old temple, ________(date) back to the Tang Dynasty, attracts many tourists. 9. This exhibition of some sixty masterpieces ________(celebrate) the life and work of Scotland’s best loved painter, Sir Henry Raeburn, comes to London. 10. Knowing it was too dangerous to hold the wet line, Franklin held a silk ribbon ________(tie)to the end of it. 11. They are related to China’s high-tech innovation, which has improved the quality of people’s lives, according to a survey ________(make) by a research center. 12. Those ________(addict) to smartphones often ignore the people around them. 13. The other day, she proudly showed me a handmade card ________(decorate) with complex patterns. 14. The young artist, ________(absorb) in painting the beautiful sunset over the lake, didn’t notice the sky gradually turning dark. 15. From then on, if I wanted to read an ending ________(guarantee) to be happy, I’d pick up a love romance. 16. Palm oil is the most widely ________(consume) vegetable oil in the world. 17. According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset ________(suit) to social media. 18. This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists ________(record) their encounters with species in areas nearby. 19. Some people whose intention is to make big money appreciate being given any chance ________(multiply) their income, believing that is where their happiness lies. 20. The memory of the thrill and the sense of achievement last a lifetime, giving me confidence ________(facial) new challenges. 易｜错｜点｜拨 1. 现在分词与过去分词混淆：没有正确判断动作与被修饰词之间的主动或被动关系，导致分词形式误用。 2. 动词不定式逻辑关系判断错误：在分析动词不定式作定语时，未能准确判断其与被修饰词之间的逻辑关系，导致理解错误。 3. 定语位置错误：不清楚单个分词和分词短语作定语的位置规则，将位置放错。 ( 非谓语动词作状语 ) 知识点01 不定式作状语 动词不定式作状语 作目的状语 不定式作目的状语可以单独放在句首、句中或句末。但用在句中表目的时前面不能用逗号，强调动词不定式所表示的目的时，动词不定式可用in order to/so as to＋动词原形，但so as to不用于句首。 To pass the college entrance exam，we must work hard.为了通过大学入学考试，我们必须努力学习。 作结果状语 a. 不定式作结果状语时多表示出乎意料的结果，其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语。作结果状语的不定式通常用一般式，为了表示强调可在不定式前加上only。 Tom hurried back only to find that his mother had left.汤姆匆忙赶回来，结果却发现他的母亲已经离开了。 b. 不定式作结果状语还常用于so ... as to ..., such ... as to ..., enough to ..., too ... to ...等结构中。 She was so late as to miss half of the lecture.她来得如此晚以至于错过了一半的演讲。 She is such a good teacher as to be respected by all her students.她是个如此好的老师，以至于受到她所有学生的尊敬。 He is clever enough to work out the difficult maths problem.他足够聪明，能解决这道数学难题。 作原因状语 不定式与情感类形容词连用时，大多表示原因，用来作原因状语。这类形容词主要有：happy, kind, surprised, frightened, shocked, glad, delighted, disappointed等。 We were astonished to find the temple still in its original condition.我们吃惊地发现，这座寺庙仍保持着最初的样子。 She was very happy to hear that her son had been promoted.得知儿子升职了，她很高兴。 This book is difficult to understand.这本书很难懂。 The picture is pleasant to look at.这张画很好看。 知识点02分词作状语 分词作状语主动用现在分词(V-ing 形式)，强调被动用过去分词 时间状语 分词结构相当于时间状语从句 (现在分词)：Hearing the good news, she jumped with joy. (=When she heard the good news, she jumped with joy. 听到这个好消息，她高兴得跳了起来) (过去分词)：Seen from the space, the earth looks like a blue ball.(=When the earth is seen from the space, it looks like a blue ball. 从太空看，地球像一个蓝色的球体) 原因状语 说明主句动作发生的原因 (现在分词)：Being ill, he didn't go to school. (=Because he was ill, he didn't go to school. 因为生病了，他没去上学) (过去分词)：Surprised at the result, they didn't know what to say. (=As they were surprised at the result, they didn't know what to say. 他们对这个结果感到惊讶，不知道说什么好) 条件状语 表示假设条件，类似条件状语从句。 (现在分词)：Working hard, you will succeed. (=If you work hard, you will succeed. 努力工作，你就会成功) (过去分词)：Given more time, we could have finished the work. (=If we had been given more time, we could have finished the work. 如果给我们更多时间，我们本可以完成这项工作) 结果状语 分词结构表示意料之中的结果。 (现在分词)：The heavy rain lasted a week, causing great damage to the crops.(大雨持续了一周，给庄稼造成了巨大损失) 伴随状语 分词结构伴随主句动作同时发生。 (现在分词)：He sat in the chair, reading a newspaper.(他坐在椅子上，看报纸) (过去分词)：The teacher stood there, surrounded by the students.(老师站在那里，被学生们围着) 知识点03 独立主格 (1)构成：名词/代词＋形容词/副词/介词短语/现在分词/过去分词/不定式 (2)特点： ①独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在； ②独立主格结构中作逻辑主语的名词或代词与后面的分词、形容词、副词、不定式、介词短语等是逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系； 独立主格结构的构成 名词/代词+形容词 I heard that she got injured in the accident, my heart full of worry. 我听说她在这次事故中受了伤，内心充满担忧。 名词/代词+现在分词 Weather permitting(＝If weather permits), they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow.如果天气允许的话，他们明天将去海滩郊游。 The rain having stopped, he went out for a walk. 雨停了，他出去散散步。 名词/代词+过去分词 He was lying on the grass，his hands crossed under his head(＝and his hands were crossed under his head). 他头枕着交叉的双手躺在草地上。 名词/代词(主格)+不定式 Much work to do tonight(＝As there will be much work to do tonight), we can’t go to see the film.今晚有很多活要干，我们不能去看电影。 名词/代词+介词短语 The huntsman entered the forest, gun in hand. 那个猎人手里提着枪走进了树林。 注意：这里 gun in hand 还可以说成 with a gun in hand。但不可以说 a gun in hand 或 gun in his hand。 名词/代词+副词 Nobody in, the thief took a lot of things away. 由于没有人，小偷拿走了许多东西。 Lunch over, he left the house. But he was thinking. 午饭结束，他离开了路。但他还在考虑。 名词/代词+名词 He fought the wolf, a stick his only weapon. 他和狼搏斗着，唯一的为武器是一根棍棒。 with 复合结构 构成：“with+宾语+宾语补足语”。宾语由代词、名词、名词词组充当，宾语由分词、不定式、形容词、副词、介词短语、名词等充当。 Holms and Watson sat with the light on for half an hour. 福尔摩斯和沃森坐着，让灯亮了半个小时。(介词短语) He used to sleep with the door open. 他过去常开着门睡觉 (形容词) With a boy leading the way, they started towards the village. 由一个小男孩领着路，他们朝那个村子去了。(现在分词) With the work done, he went home. 工作做完后，他回了家。(过去分词) With you to help us, we will finish the task in time 有你来帮忙，我们将会及时完成任务。(不定式) ☞Hong Kong looks more beautiful with thou-sands of lights on night . 夜里，香港万盏灯火，分外美丽。(副词) 附：独立成分作状语 有些分词或不定式短语作状语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。常见的有： 独立成分 含义 generally speaking 一般来说 frankly/honestly speaking 坦白地/老实说 judging from/by... 根据……来判断 considering.../taking...into consideration/account 考虑到…… to tell you the truth 说实话 seeing... 考虑到…… given... 考虑到…… compared to/with... 与……相比 【即时检测】 一、语法填空 1. To prepare for their returning, China selected senior workers to travel to the US in advance ________(take) part in the panda’s feeding ... 2. Don’t limit yourself because something looks too difficult ________(implement). 3. Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international visibility, said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed ________(find) the connection between the two great writers. 4. We ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early, thus ________(catch) the early flight. 5. Nick looked back over his shoulder and then stopped, ________(frown). 6. The story goes like this: Franklin had found lightning interesting for years, ________(believe) it was actually electricity. 7. The post brought about an increase in business, ________(win) the hearts of 10,000 online followers. 8. On July 4th, the “Sheyun Helan ‘Ink Fragrance in Harmony’ Joint Exhibition of Helan and She Inkstones” ________(open) at the Huizhou History Museum in Anhui, ________(last) until August 4th. 9. The most powerful earthquake in the past 40 years caused a tsunami that ________(crash) into coastlines across Asia yesterday, ________(kill) more than 6,500 people in Indonesia, India, Thailand, Malaysia, and at least four other countries. 10. The climate of Changchun in April and May is mild, ________(mean) it is always a good time to visit. 11. ________(drive) by a strong sense of responsibility, people explore and do not give up. 12. Children usually need more sleep, ________(compare) to adults, because they are still growing. 13. ________(arm) with the information you have gathered, you can set about preparing your business plan. 14. ________(comparison) with the former two kinds, individual sports, such as swimming and jogging, are the least attractive to the students. 15. ________(trap) in the dark building for more than 5 hours, the thief looked pale and terrified. 16. He added that it is affecting everything from bacteria to mammals, humans ________(include). 17. The university ________(appoint) a Nobel Prize winner as honorary professor, its international reputation was significantly enhanced. 18. Hu performed a series of Chinese music pieces, Hundreds of Birds Paying Homage to Phoenix ________(include), and also played with local musicians adaptations of Cuban music pieces. 19. With midnight ________(approach), Luo Yan took his parents, wife and son outside to set off firecrackers. 20. With her arms ________(fold), the teacher stood there, observing the work of her students. 易｜错｜点｜拨 1. 逻辑主语错误：非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须和句子主语保持一致，否则句子错误。 2. 现在分词与过去分词混淆：没有正确判断动作与逻辑主语之间的主动或被动关系，导致分词形式误用。 3. 独立主格结构使用不当：需要使用独立主格结构时，却未使用，造成句子逻辑混乱。 基础通关(测试时间：10分钟) 一、单项选择 1. It is amazing that some old and outdated teaching and learning facilities in our classroom have been updated ________ us study more effectively and efficiently. A. making B. made C. having made D. to make 2. He rushed into the classroom after the bell rang, only ________ the exam had already started. A. find B. to find C. finding D. found 3. The teacher was ________ happy ________ hear the news that White had been admitted to a university. A. too... to... B. so... that... C. not only... but also... D. such... that... 4. Since you’ve made a decision ________ abroad, you have to depend on yourself. A. study B. to study C. studied D. studying 5. The activity center is looking for a volunteer ________ meals to people living alone. A. to be delivered B. to deliver C. delivered D. having delivered 6. At the 2004 Athens Olympic Games, Liu Xiang excited people all over Asia when he became the first Asian ________ the gold medal in the men’s 110-metre hurdles. A. to win B. winning C. won D. to winning 7. The ________ club is very popular among students. A. read B. reading C. reads D. readed 8. The river ________ through Huai’an is called the Grand Canal (大运河). A. flows B. flowed C. flowing D. to flow 9. I'd like to recommend the movie Nobody, which tells a tale of survival, dignity, courage and life, ________ a strong chord with the audience nationwide. A. strike B. striking C. to strike D. struck 10. ________ me into the exhibition hall, he showed an obvious preference for ________ was exhibited there. A. Followed; what B. Following; what C. To follow; that D. To be followed; that 重难突破(测试时间：10分钟) 句型转换 1. The astronaut works out regularly with the aim of strengthening his muscles. (同义句转换) The astronaut works out regularly ________________________________ his muscles. 2. She spent hours preparing her presentation, and then she found that the projector in the meeting room didn’t work. (用非谓语动词改写句子) ________________________________________________________________ 3. I heard you had been chosen to join a cultural camp in Greece. That pleased me. (用第2句中动词的过去分词合并) ________________________________________________________________ 4. Whether we can finish the task on time depends on the weather. (改写为简单句或其他句式) ________________________________________________________________ 5. He stayed in the room for about an hour during the operation. The room is used for waiting. (使用v+ing定语把两个句子合成一句) ________________________________________________________________ 6. Luckily, I was selected to take part in an activity on behalf of my classmates. (同义替换) →Luckily, I was selected to take part in an activity ________________ my classmates. 7. People who work from home have a clear boundary between work and personal life. (用非谓语动词(短语)改写句子) People ________________ have a clear boundary between work and personal life. 8. All the teachers and students got actively involved in/ involved themselves actively in the volunteer work, and we have learned a lot. (句式升级) →________________________________, all the teachers and students have learned a lot. (形容词短语作状语) →________________________________, all the teachers and students have learned a lot. (现在分词短语作状语) 9. The city covers an area of 7,400 square kilometers, and this city has a population of about ten million. (句式升级) →________________ 7,400 square kilometers, this city has a population of about ten million. (现在分词短语作状语) 10. The project was designed to help the students in need. The project didn’t work out as planned. (同义句) The project, ________________, didn’t work out as planned. (分词短语作后置定语) 11. They loaded themselves with/were loaded with medical supplies and oxygen equipment and set off for their adventure. (同义句) ________________________________ medical supplies and oxygen equipment, they set off for their adventure. (分词短语作状语) 12. My mind was focused on the article so that I didn’t notice someone come in. (句型转换) →________________________________, I didn’t notice someone come in. (with复合结构) →________________________________, I didn’t notice someone come in. (独立主格结构) 13. I fixed my mind on my study, so I didn’t notice the noisy boy enter the room. (句式升级) →________________________________, I didn’t notice the noisy boy enter the room. (with复合结构) 易混易错(测试时间：10分钟) 一、选词填空 1. The essay, ________ by three senior teachers, was finally accepted for publication in the national education journal. (reviewing, reviewed, to review, being reviewed) 2. People can unlock the ________ bikes, which are equipped with GPS and can be left anywhere in public, by simply using their smartphones. (shared, sharing) 3. ________ from the mountaintop, the city looked breathtaking. (Having seen, To seen, Seeing, Seen) 4. ________ from the top of the TV tower, most of the city will take on a beautiful look. (Seeing, To see, Seen) 5. Some psychologists suggest that when ________(faced, facing) with a difficult task, one could improve his performance when mentally imagining himself ________(performing, to perform, having performed) well. 6. Born and Bred in a poor family, he has always ________ confidence and is afraid of doing anything wrong to let his parents down. (lacked, been lacking) 7. The first-year experience is exciting, liberating and terrifying, all ________( combined, to combine) to help us grow into adulthood. 8. ________ from his expression, he must have received bad news. (Judged, Judging, To judge) 9. The old man likes to sleep with the windows ________. (closing, closed, to close) 10. With life ________(consisting, consisted) of ups and downs, it is not always easy to maintain a good and enthusiastic attitude. 链接高考(测试时间：15分钟) 1.(2025年新课标Ⅱ卷)Growing up, my family and our neighbors never used clotheslines to dry clothing. denying me the chance ________(discover) one of the great wonders of sunshine — the sweet “sunshine scent” after sunning clothes for an entire day. 2.(2025年新课标Ⅱ卷)If you’ve never experienced the “sunshine scent” from a sheet or shirt ________(leave) to sun for a day, well, you’re missing out on one of life’s wonders. 3.(2025年1月浙江卷)Tanya’s shop offers fashion clothes for women ________(rent) rather than purchase them outright, providing a less expensive solution to one-time event dressing. 4.(2025年北京卷)When ________(travel), we engage with cultures and experiences. 5.(2024年北京卷)Taking the time ________(rest) allows us to develop a deeper sense of self-awareness. 6.(2024年北京卷) And when ________(ask) about his new title, he shared the secret: moderation(适度). 7.(2024年北京卷)Just then, some kids ran at him, ________(knock) his books out of his arms. 8.(2024年1月浙江高考)However, if you’re shopping for one, buying extra ________(benefit) from price reductions doesn’t make sense. 9.(2024年1月浙江高考)Over the last two years, some supermarkets have started selling chicken or salad in packs________(design) with two halves containing separate portions (份). 10.(2024·全国新高考Ⅰ卷)These sepals open on warm days ________(give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. 11.(2024·全国新高考Ⅰ卷)In cold weather, the structure stays ________(close) to protect the plants.  12.(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, ________(inspire) by The Peony Pavilion, was built at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.  13.(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)Visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed ________(find) the connection between the two great writers.  14.(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)________(recall) watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard Ⅲ in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said 15.(2023年北京卷)When ________(see) from afar, the mangrove forests appear more splendid. 16.(2023年北京卷)She called for action ________(address) the struggles of people around the world ________(face) “too little water or too dirty water”. 17.(2023∙全国甲卷)For thousands of years, people have told fables(寓言) ________(teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom. 18.(2023∙全国甲卷)Her fable begins, ________(borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables. 10 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题01 非谓语动词(二)(定语、状语) (期中复习讲义) 年份 卷别 考点 考情分析 2025 新高考Ⅱ卷 动词不定式作目的 过去分词作后置定语 【考向透视】 非谓语动词是高中英语语法中的重要部分，是高考的必考项目。非谓语动词包括动词不定式、分词(现在分词、过去分词)、动名词，在句子中可以作除谓语以外的其他成分。非谓语动词常考考点主要有动词不定式的功能、现在分词和过去分词的用法区别及非谓语动词的时态、语态、省略等。该项内容考查考生在具体语言环境中理解句子结构和分析句子成分的能力。分析近年高考真题可知，语法填空中一般考查2个左右，这是语法填空中的一大难点。 【复习目标】 1. 非谓语动词的概念。 2. 非谓语动词在句子中的作用。 3. 非谓语动词的种类。 浙江 不定式作结果状语 北京 现在分词作状语 2024 北京卷 动词不定式作结果状语 过去分词作状语 现在分词作结果状语 浙江卷 动词不定式作目的状语 过去分词作后置定语 新高考I卷 过去分词作定语 新高考Ⅱ卷 不定式作后置定语 过去分词作定语 2023 北京卷 过去分词作状语 不定式作目的状语 现在分词作后置定语 全国甲卷 不定式作目的 现在分词作状语 ( 非谓语动词作定语 ) 知识点01 现在分词作定语 现在分词(V-ing 形式)作定语表示主动或正在进行的动作，单个现在分词作定语通常放在被修饰词之前，现在分词短语作定语则置于被修饰词之后，相当于一个定语从句 。 当被修饰的名词与分词之间为主动关系时，用现在分词；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表正在进行时，用“being＋过去分词”； The park was full of people (who are) enjoying themselves in the sunshine. 公园里人山人海，人们在阳光下玩得很快乐。(主动) We must keep a secret of the things (which are) being discussed here. 我们必须对在此讨论的问题保密。(被动、正在进行) 单个现在分词：The running boy is my brother. (正在奔跑的男孩是我的弟弟，“running” 表示主动且正在进行的动作) 【温馨提示】有些现在分词作定语不表示正在进行，而是表示事物的性质或特点，如 “an exciting story(一个令人兴奋的故事)”“a tiring journey(一次累人的旅程)” 。 知识点02 过去分词作定语 过去分词作定语表示被动或完成的动作，单个过去分词作定语一般放在被修饰词前，过去分词短语作定语放在被修饰词后，同样可转换为定语从句 。当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表完成或状态时，用过去分词。 The players (who are)selected from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game. 人们期待着从全国各地挑选出来的运动员能在今年夏季的赛事中给我们带来荣誉。(被动、完成) 单个过去分词：The broken window needs to be repaired.(破碎的窗户需要修理，“broken” 表示被动和完成) 【温馨提示】形容词化的过去分词：像 “interested(感兴趣的)”“surprised(惊讶的)”“frightened(害怕的)” 等，在句中作定语时主要起描述性质的作用 ，如 “an interested look(一个感兴趣的表情)”。 知识点03 不定式作定语 (1)不定式作定语常表示将来的动作；不定式的被动式to be done作定语表示将来、被动的动作。 You are supposed to take this opportunity to realize your dream. 你应该抓住这个机会去实现你的梦想。 The question to be discussed at the meeting is very important. 将在会议上讨论的那个问题非常重要。 (2)不定式常放在某些名词或代词后作定语。如果作定语的不定式是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后需要加相应的介词。 He had no pen to write with so he had to borrow one from his neighbour. 他没有钢笔写字，不得不从邻居那儿借了一支。 (3)当中心词为序数词、最高级，the last，the only等或中心词被这类词修饰，且该中心词是作定语的非谓语动词所表示的动作的执行者时，多用不定式作定语。 He is always the first to arrive at the school and the last to leave the school. 他总是第一个到校，最后一个离校。 (4)被修饰词是抽象名词时，常用不定式作定语。常见的该类名词有：ability，chance，idea，hope，wish，fact，excuse，promise，attempt，way等。 The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself. 表达观点的能力与观点本身同等重要。 【即时检测】 1. When you go to restaurants in different parts of the world, it’s important to know the right and wrong things ________(do). 【答案】to do 【详解】考查动词不定式作后置定语。 句意：当你去世界不同地方的餐厅时，知道要做的正确和错误的事情很重要。主句中已有谓语动词is，空处应用非谓语，表示“要去做的事情”应用不定式作后置定语。故填to do。 2. The best way ________(ease) pressure on over-touristed destinations is to go somewhere else. 【答案】to ease 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：缓解旅游过度饱和目的地压力的最佳方法是前往其他地方。the best way to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“做某事的最佳方式”，动词不定式to ease作后置定语。 故填to ease。 3. I have a hunger ________(find) a job in the city so that I can support myself. 【答案】to find 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我渴望在这个城市找到一份工作，这样我就能养活自己。“have a hunger to do sth.”是固定搭配，意为“渴望做某事”，“to find”在句中作后置定语。故填to find。 4. However, it should be noted that ________(eat) habits are different from region to region. 【答案】eating 【详解】考查动名词。句意：然而，应该注意的是，饮食习惯因地区而异。动名词eating在这里作定语修饰habits。 故填eating。 5. They were part of a 15-member ________(explore) party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there. 【答案】exploring 【详解】考查非谓语。句意：他们是一个15人探险队的成员，这个探险队在那里花了将近五周的时间欣赏那里的自然美景。分析句子结构可知，此空应填exploring，表“探险”，为动名词形式，在本句中作定语修饰party，强调party的性质和用途。故填exploring。 6. After the ________(advertise) campaign, our market share has increased by 15% to 60% in the home market. 【答案】advertising 【详解】考查动名词。句意：广告活动之后，我们在国内的市场份额增加了15%，达到60%。空格处缺少定语，修饰名词campaign，advertising campaign是固定用法，意为“广告活动”，因此空格处是动名词advertising，作定语，表示活动的目的，故填advertising。 7. There are a variety of customs of the Mid-Autumn Festival, ________(range) from enjoying mooncakes, admiring the moon to family reunion. 【答案】ranging 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：中秋节有各种各样的习俗，从品尝月饼、赏月到家人团聚。此处为非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰前面的名词“customs”，逻辑主语“customs”与动词“range”之间是主动关系，需用现在分词形式；“range from...to...”为固定搭配，意为“包括从……到……(的范围)”，range的现在分词形式是ranging。故填ranging。 8. The old temple, ________(date) back to the Tang Dynasty, attracts many tourists. 【答案】dating 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这座建于唐代的古庙吸引了许多游客。句中已有谓语动词attracts，空处应用非谓语动词，date back to“追溯到”是固定短语，没有被动语态，因此空处用现在分词作后置定语。故填dating。 9. This exhibition of some sixty masterpieces ________(celebrate) the life and work of Scotland’s best loved painter, Sir Henry Raeburn, comes to London. 【答案】celebrating 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这场展出约 60 件杰作的展览，旨在致敬苏格兰最受爱戴的画家亨利・雷伯恩爵士的生平与创作，现巡展至伦敦。句中谓语动词为comes，celebrate在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语exhibition构成主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。故填celebrating。 10. Knowing it was too dangerous to hold the wet line, Franklin held a silk ribbon ________(tie)to the end of it. 【答案】tied 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：富兰克林知道拿着湿风筝线太危险了，于是拿了一根系在湿风筝线末端的丝带。a silk ribbon与tie之间是被动关系，即丝带被系在末端，应用过去分词，作后置定语。故填tied。 11. They are related to China’s high-tech innovation, which has improved the quality of people’s lives, according to a survey ________(make) by a research center. 【答案】made 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：根据一家研究中心所做的一项调查，它们与中国的高科技创新有关，这些创新提高了人们的生活质量。本句谓语为are related to，此处为非谓语动词，修饰名词survey，且survey与make“做”为被动关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语。故填made。 12. Those ________(addict) to smartphones often ignore the people around them. 【答案】addicted 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：那些沉迷于智能手机的人常常忽略周围的人。句中ignore为谓语动词，addict在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语Those构成被动关系，表示“那些沉迷于……的人”，故用过去分词作定语。故填addicted。 13. The other day, she proudly showed me a handmade card ________(decorate) with complex patterns. 【答案】decorated 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：前几天，她自豪地给我看了一张手工制作的卡片，上面装饰着复杂的图案。句子谓语动词是showed，空格处是非谓语动词，“decorate(装饰)”与其逻辑主语“card”之间是被动关系，用过去分词作后置定语。故填decorated。 14. The young artist, ________(absorb) in painting the beautiful sunset over the lake, didn’t notice the sky gradually turning dark. 【答案】absorbed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这位年轻的艺术家全神贯注于画湖上美丽的日落，没有注意到天空逐渐变黑。此处为非谓语动词作后置定语(absorb) in painting the beautiful sunset over the lake，absorb 意为“使全神贯注”，与其逻辑主语“The young artist”之间是被动关系，所以此处使用过去分词形式。故填absorbed。 15. From then on, if I wanted to read an ending ________(guarantee) to be happy, I’d pick up a love romance. 【答案】guaranteed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：从那时起，如果我想读一个保证幸福的结局，我就会选一部爱情小说。guarantee和ending之间是被动关系，使用过去分词作定语，故填guaranteed。 16. Palm oil is the most widely ________(consume) vegetable oil in the world. 【答案】consumed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：棕榈油是世界上食用最广泛的植物油。句中谓语是is，空格处用非谓语动词，Palm oil是被食用，空格处用过去分词表被动，作定语，故填consumed。 17. According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset ________(suit) to social media. 【答案】suited 【详解】考查非谓语。句意：根据这一理论，人们在接触数字文本时，会带着一种适合社交媒体的心态。这里考查非谓语，a mindset与suit为被动关系，再由语境可知，此空应用过去分词作后置定语。故填suited。 18. This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists ________(record) their encounters with species in areas nearby. 【答案】recording 【详解】考查现在分词。句意：这是有道理的，因为那些通过移动设备获取观测生物多样性数据的人，往往是记录自己在附近区域遇到的物种的公民科学家。根据空前are可知，句中已有谓语动词are，空处需用非谓语动词；逻辑主语citizen scientists与record之间是主动关系，应用现在分词recording作后置定语，修饰citizen scientists。故填recording。 19. Some people whose intention is to make big money appreciate being given any chance ________(multiply) their income, believing that is where their happiness lies. 【答案】to multiply 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：一些意在赚大钱的人乐于得到任何能增加他们收入的机会，并认为那就是他们幸福的所在。此处需用非谓语动词作后置定语修饰名词“chance”，“chance to do sth”是固定搭配，意为“做某事的机会”，其中动词不定式“to do”作后置定语，multiply为动词原形，意为“增加”，其动词不定式形式为to multiply。故填to multiply。 20. The memory of the thrill and the sense of achievement last a lifetime, giving me confidence ________(facial) new challenges. 【答案】to face 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：那种兴奋感和成就感的记忆会持续一生，给了我面对新挑战的信心。修饰名词confidence，需用动词不定式to face，作后置定语。故填to face。 易｜错｜点｜拨 1. 现在分词与过去分词混淆：没有正确判断动作与被修饰词之间的主动或被动关系，导致分词形式误用。 2. 动词不定式逻辑关系判断错误：在分析动词不定式作定语时，未能准确判断其与被修饰词之间的逻辑关系，导致理解错误。 3. 定语位置错误：不清楚单个分词和分词短语作定语的位置规则，将位置放错。 ( 非谓语动词作状语 ) 知识点01 不定式作状语 动词不定式作状语 作目的状语 不定式作目的状语可以单独放在句首、句中或句末。但用在句中表目的时前面不能用逗号，强调动词不定式所表示的目的时，动词不定式可用in order to/so as to＋动词原形，但so as to不用于句首。 To pass the college entrance exam，we must work hard.为了通过大学入学考试，我们必须努力学习。 作结果状语 a. 不定式作结果状语时多表示出乎意料的结果，其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语。作结果状语的不定式通常用一般式，为了表示强调可在不定式前加上only。 Tom hurried back only to find that his mother had left.汤姆匆忙赶回来，结果却发现他的母亲已经离开了。 b. 不定式作结果状语还常用于so ... as to ..., such ... as to ..., enough to ..., too ... to ...等结构中。 She was so late as to miss half of the lecture.她来得如此晚以至于错过了一半的演讲。 She is such a good teacher as to be respected by all her students.她是个如此好的老师，以至于受到她所有学生的尊敬。 He is clever enough to work out the difficult maths problem.他足够聪明，能解决这道数学难题。 作原因状语 不定式与情感类形容词连用时，大多表示原因，用来作原因状语。这类形容词主要有：happy, kind, surprised, frightened, shocked, glad, delighted, disappointed等。 We were astonished to find the temple still in its original condition.我们吃惊地发现，这座寺庙仍保持着最初的样子。 She was very happy to hear that her son had been promoted.得知儿子升职了，她很高兴。 This book is difficult to understand.这本书很难懂。 The picture is pleasant to look at.这张画很好看。 知识点02分词作状语 分词作状语主动用现在分词(V-ing 形式)，强调被动用过去分词 时间状语 分词结构相当于时间状语从句 (现在分词)：Hearing the good news, she jumped with joy. (=When she heard the good news, she jumped with joy. 听到这个好消息，她高兴得跳了起来) (过去分词)：Seen from the space, the earth looks like a blue ball.(=When the earth is seen from the space, it looks like a blue ball. 从太空看，地球像一个蓝色的球体) 原因状语 说明主句动作发生的原因 (现在分词)：Being ill, he didn't go to school. (=Because he was ill, he didn't go to school. 因为生病了，他没去上学) (过去分词)：Surprised at the result, they didn't know what to say. (=As they were surprised at the result, they didn't know what to say. 他们对这个结果感到惊讶，不知道说什么好) 条件状语 表示假设条件，类似条件状语从句。 (现在分词)：Working hard, you will succeed. (=If you work hard, you will succeed. 努力工作，你就会成功) (过去分词)：Given more time, we could have finished the work. (=If we had been given more time, we could have finished the work. 如果给我们更多时间，我们本可以完成这项工作) 结果状语 分词结构表示意料之中的结果。 (现在分词)：The heavy rain lasted a week, causing great damage to the crops.(大雨持续了一周，给庄稼造成了巨大损失) 伴随状语 分词结构伴随主句动作同时发生。 (现在分词)：He sat in the chair, reading a newspaper.(他坐在椅子上，看报纸) (过去分词)：The teacher stood there, surrounded by the students.(老师站在那里，被学生们围着) 知识点03 独立主格 (1)构成：名词/代词＋形容词/副词/介词短语/现在分词/过去分词/不定式 (2)特点： ①独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在； ②独立主格结构中作逻辑主语的名词或代词与后面的分词、形容词、副词、不定式、介词短语等是逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系； 独立主格结构的构成 名词/代词+形容词 I heard that she got injured in the accident, my heart full of worry. 我听说她在这次事故中受了伤，内心充满担忧。 名词/代词+现在分词 Weather permitting(＝If weather permits), they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow.如果天气允许的话，他们明天将去海滩郊游。 The rain having stopped, he went out for a walk. 雨停了，他出去散散步。 名词/代词+过去分词 He was lying on the grass，his hands crossed under his head(＝and his hands were crossed under his head). 他头枕着交叉的双手躺在草地上。 名词/代词(主格)+不定式 Much work to do tonight(＝As there will be much work to do tonight), we can’t go to see the film.今晚有很多活要干，我们不能去看电影。 名词/代词+介词短语 The huntsman entered the forest, gun in hand. 那个猎人手里提着枪走进了树林。 注意：这里 gun in hand 还可以说成 with a gun in hand。但不可以说 a gun in hand 或 gun in his hand。 名词/代词+副词 Nobody in, the thief took a lot of things away. 由于没有人，小偷拿走了许多东西。 Lunch over, he left the house. But he was thinking. 午饭结束，他离开了路。但他还在考虑。 名词/代词+名词 He fought the wolf, a stick his only weapon. 他和狼搏斗着，唯一的为武器是一根棍棒。 with 复合结构 构成：“with+宾语+宾语补足语”。宾语由代词、名词、名词词组充当，宾语由分词、不定式、形容词、副词、介词短语、名词等充当。 Holms and Watson sat with the light on for half an hour. 福尔摩斯和沃森坐着，让灯亮了半个小时。(介词短语) He used to sleep with the door open. 他过去常开着门睡觉 (形容词) With a boy leading the way, they started towards the village. 由一个小男孩领着路，他们朝那个村子去了。(现在分词) With the work done, he went home. 工作做完后，他回了家。(过去分词) With you to help us, we will finish the task in time 有你来帮忙，我们将会及时完成任务。(不定式) ☞Hong Kong looks more beautiful with thou-sands of lights on night . 夜里，香港万盏灯火，分外美丽。(副词) 附：独立成分作状语 有些分词或不定式短语作状语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。常见的有： 独立成分 含义 generally speaking 一般来说 frankly/honestly speaking 坦白地/老实说 judging from/by... 根据……来判断 considering.../taking...into consideration/account 考虑到…… to tell you the truth 说实话 seeing... 考虑到…… given... 考虑到…… compared to/with... 与……相比 【即时检测】 一、语法填空 1. To prepare for their returning, China selected senior workers to travel to the US in advance ________(take) part in the panda’s feeding ... 【答案】to take 【详解】考查动词不定式作目的状语。句意：为迎接它们回国，中国提前选派资深工作人员前往美国，参与熊猫的喂养……。动词不定式作目的状语。 故填to take。 2. Don’t limit yourself because something looks too difficult ________(implement). 【答案】to implement 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：不要因为某些事情看起来太难实施就限制自己。分析句子可知，设空处应填动词不定式，构成固定结构“too...to...”，其中动词不定式“to implement”在句中作结果状语，“implement”应用不定式形式to implement，符合语境。故填to implement。 3. Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international visibility, said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed ________(find) the connection between the two great writers. 【答案】to find 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：埃德蒙森说，这些文化元素提高了斯特拉特福的国际知名度，并补充道，漫步在出生地花园的游客们常常会惊讶地发现这两位伟大作家之间的联系。分析句子可知，“be amazed to do sth”是固定搭配，意为“做某事感到惊讶”，此处应用动词不定式作原因状语。故填to find。 4. We ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early, thus ________(catch) the early flight. 【答案】catching 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们提前订了出租车，还起得很早，因此赶上了早班飞机。分析句子结构可知，此空考查非谓语动词，catch与逻辑主语We之间是主动关系，再由语境可知，这里应用现在分词形式作结果状语。故填catching。 5. Nick looked back over his shoulder and then stopped, ________(frown). 【答案】frowning 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：尼克回头看了看身后，然后停了下来，皱着眉头。本句谓语为looked back 和stopped，此处为非谓语动词，且Nick与frown“皱眉”为主动关系，应用现在分词，作伴随状语。故填frowning。 6. The story goes like this: Franklin had found lightning interesting for years, ________(believe) it was actually electricity. 【答案】believing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：故事是这样的：多年来，富兰克林一直觉得闪电很有趣，他认为闪电实际上就是电。本句谓语为had found，此处应为非谓语动词，believe“认为，相信”与逻辑主语Franklin之间为主动关系，所以使用现在分词形式，作伴随状语。故填believing。 7. The post brought about an increase in business, ________(win) the hearts of 10,000 online followers. 【答案】winning 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这条帖子带来了业务增长，赢得了一万名线上粉丝的心。此处表示自然而然的结果，应用现在分词 winning，作结果状语。现在分词作结果状语，常指意料之中、伴随而生的结果，符合语境。故填winning。 8. On July 4th, the “Sheyun Helan ‘Ink Fragrance in Harmony’ Joint Exhibition of Helan and She Inkstones” ________(open) at the Huizhou History Museum in Anhui, ________(last) until August 4th. 【答案】opened; lasting 【详解】考查时态和非谓语动词。句意：7月4日，“贺兰砚和歙砚‘歙韵贺兰·墨香同辉’联展”在安徽徽州历史博物馆开幕，将持续到8月4日。第一空处open(开幕)是谓语动词，结合时间状语“On July 4th”可知，讲述过去发生的事情用一般过去时态opened；第二空处“(last) until August 4th”作伴随状语，last(持续)用非谓语形式，与其逻辑主语“the “Sheyun Helan ‘Ink Fragrance in Harmony’ Joint Exhibition of Helan and She Inkstones””之间是主动关系，用现在分词表主动。故填opened；lasting。 9. The most powerful earthquake in the past 40 years caused a tsunami that ________(crash) into coastlines across Asia yesterday, ________(kill) more than 6,500 people in Indonesia, India, Thailand, Malaysia, and at least four other countries. 【答案】crashed; killing 【详解】考查时态和非谓语动词。句意：过去40年来最强烈的地震昨天引发了一场海啸，席卷了亚洲各地的海岸线，在印度尼西亚、印度、泰国、马来西亚和至少其他四个国家造成6500多人死亡。第一空处crash into(闯入；撞到……上)是定语从句中谓语动词，与主语that (即先行词a tsunami)之间是主动关系，结合时间状语yesterday，讲述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时态crashed；第二空处“________ (kill) more than 6,500 people…”作结果状语，kill(杀死)用非谓语形式，与其逻辑主语“地震引发了一场海啸”之间是主动关系，应用现在分词表主动。故填①crashed；②killing。 10. The climate of Changchun in April and May is mild, ________(mean) it is always a good time to visit. 【答案】meaning 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：长春四五月份的气候很温和，这意味着一直是游览的好时机。空处为非谓语动词，“mean”与前面整个句子构成主动关系，所以用现在分词“meaning”作状语。故填meaning。 11. ________(drive) by a strong sense of responsibility, people explore and do not give up. 【答案】Driven 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在强烈责任感的驱使下，人们不断探索，永不放弃。句中谓语是explore and do，空格处用非谓语动词，由by以及句意可知，空格处用过去分词表被动，作状语，位于句首，首字母大写，故填Driven。 12. Children usually need more sleep, ________(compare) to adults, because they are still growing. 【答案】compared 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：与成年人相比，孩子们通常需要更多睡眠，因为他们还在成长。compare与句子主语Children构成被动关系，应用过去分词，作状语。 故填compared。 13. ________(arm) with the information you have gathered, you can set about preparing your business plan. 【答案】Armed 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：掌握了你收集到的信息，你就可以着手准备你的商业计划了。此处arm是动词，意为“武装；装备；使掌握(知识、技能等)”。根据“sb. be armed with sth. (掌握……；配备……)”的固定用法可知，此处应用过去分词作状语。句首字母应大写。故填Armed。 14. ________(comparison) with the former two kinds, individual sports, such as swimming and jogging, are the least attractive to the students. 【答案】Compared 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：与前两种运动相比，个人运动，如游泳和慢跑，对学生的吸引力最小。句中已有谓语动词are，空处应用非谓语动词， compare和逻辑主语individual sports之间为被动关系，应用过去分词，作状语，位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Compared。 15. ________(trap) in the dark building for more than 5 hours, the thief looked pale and terrified. 【答案】Trapped 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：被困在黑暗的大楼里超过5个小时，小偷脸色苍白，惊恐万分。句中已有looked，空处作非谓语动词，trap与逻辑主语the thief构成被动关系，故用过去分词trapped作状语，句首单词首字母要大写。故填Trapped。 16. He added that it is affecting everything from bacteria to mammals, humans ________(include). 【答案】included 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他补充说，这正影响着从细菌到哺乳动物的所有生物，人类也包括在内。此处为独立主格结构，且human与include构成被动关系，故用过去分词形式。故填included。 17. The university ________(appoint) a Nobel Prize winner as honorary professor, its international reputation was significantly enhanced. 【答案】having appointed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：该大学任命了一位诺贝尔奖获得者为名誉教授，其国际声誉得到了显著提升。逗号前的部分为独立主格结构。“任命”的动作发生在动作“声誉提升”之前，appoint与其逻辑主语The university之间存在主动关系，需用现在分词的完成式表示having appointed。故填having appointed。 18. Hu performed a series of Chinese music pieces, Hundreds of Birds Paying Homage to Phoenix ________(include), and also played with local musicians adaptations of Cuban music pieces. 【答案】included 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：胡演奏了一系列中国乐曲，其中包括《百鸟朝凤》，并与当地音乐家一起演奏了古巴乐曲的改编作品。分析句子结构可知，本句谓语是performed和played。此处为非谓语动词，且Hundreds of Birds Paying Homage to Phoenix与include是动宾关系，应用过去分词，构成独立主格。故填included。 19. With midnight ________(approach), Luo Yan took his parents, wife and son outside to set off firecrackers. 【答案】approaching 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：随着午夜临近，罗岩带着父母、妻子和儿子到外面去放鞭炮。本句为“with+宾语+宾语补足语”，midnight与approach(临近)是主动关系，应用现在分词，作宾语补足语。故填approaching。 20. With her arms ________(fold), the teacher stood there, observing the work of her students. 【答案】folded 【详解】考查with的复合结构。句意：老师交叉着双臂站在那里，观察着学生们的作业。分析句子可知，此处为with的复合结构，宾语“her arms”与动词“fold”(折叠)之间是被动关系(即“手臂被折叠”，也就是“双臂交叉”的状态)，因此需用过去分词(folded)作宾语补足语。故填folded。 易｜错｜点｜拨 1. 逻辑主语错误：非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须和句子主语保持一致，否则句子错误。 2. 现在分词与过去分词混淆：没有正确判断动作与逻辑主语之间的主动或被动关系，导致分词形式误用。 3. 独立主格结构使用不当：需要使用独立主格结构时，却未使用，造成句子逻辑混乱。 基础通关(测试时间：10分钟) 一、单项选择 1. It is amazing that some old and outdated teaching and learning facilities in our classroom have been updated ________ us study more effectively and efficiently. A. making B. made C. having made D. to make 【答案】D 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：令人惊讶的是，我们教室里一些旧的和过时的教学设备被更新了，使我们学习更有效、高效。分析句子可知，此处作目的状语，应用不定式。故选D项。 2. He rushed into the classroom after the bell rang, only ________ the exam had already started. A. find B. to find C. finding D. found 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：铃声响后他冲进教室，结果却发现考试已经开始了。此处为非谓语动词作状语，“only+不定式”结构常用来表示出乎意料的结果，符合“冲进教室后意外发现考试已开始”的语境。故选B项。 3. The teacher was ________ happy ________ hear the news that White had been admitted to a university. A. too... to... B. so... that... C. not only... but also... D. such... that... 【答案】A 【详解】考查副词和非谓语动词。句意：听到怀特被大学录取的消息，老师太高兴了。A.too... to...太……以至于(不能)……；B.so... that... 如此……以致……；C.not only... but also... 不仅……而且……；D.such... that...如此……以致……。第一个设空处为副词的形式修饰形容词表示“非常”应用too；第二个设空处的结构为“be +adj+to do sth”形容词happy后面可接不定式作原因状语，用以说明产生这种情绪的原因或所表示的情况等。故选A。 4. Since you’ve made a decision ________ abroad, you have to depend on yourself. A. study B. to study C. studied D. studying 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：既然你已经做出了出国留学的决定，你就得靠自己了。在英语中，常用make a decision to do sth.表示“决定做某事”，其中动词不定式短语作后置定语，修饰名词decision，本句中应用动词不定式“to study”作后置定语，修饰名词decision，表示“出国留学的决定”。故选B。 5. The activity center is looking for a volunteer ________ meals to people living alone. A. to be delivered B. to deliver C. delivered D. having delivered 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：活动中心正在寻找一名志愿者为独居者送餐。句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。表示将要发生的事情，用不定式作后置定语，且名词volunteer 和deliver之间是主动关系，所以用不定式的主动形式。故选B。 6. At the 2004 Athens Olympic Games, Liu Xiang excited people all over Asia when he became the first Asian ________ the gold medal in the men’s 110-metre hurdles. A. to win B. winning C. won D. to winning 【答案】A 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在2004年雅典奥运会上，刘翔成为第一位获得男子110米栏金牌的亚洲人，这让全亚洲的人都兴奋不已。句中when引导的时间状语从句已经有系动词“became”，故空格处应用非谓语动词，Asian前有序数词“the first”修饰，故空格处应用不定式“to win”作后置定语。故选A项。 7. The ________ club is very popular among students. A. read B. reading C. reads D. readed 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：读书俱乐部在学生中很受欢迎。空处应用动名词形式reading作定语，reading club表示“阅读俱乐部”，说明俱乐部的功能是阅读，read 是动词原形，reads 是第三人称单数形式，readed 是错误形式，故选 B。 8. The river ________ through Huai’an is called the Grand Canal (大运河). A. flows B. flowed C. flowing D. to flow 【答案】C 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：流经淮安的这条河被称为大运河。句中已有is called，空处作后置定语修饰名词The river，The river和flow之间是主动关系，应用现在分词flowing作后置定语。故选C。 9. I'd like to recommend the movie Nobody, which tells a tale of survival, dignity, courage and life, ________ a strong chord with the audience nationwide. A. strike B. striking C. to strike D. struck 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我想推荐电影《Nobody》，它讲述了一个关于生存、尊严、勇气和生命的故事，引起了全国观众的强烈共鸣。在which引导的非限制性定语从句中，tells是谓语动词，strike在句中作结果状语应使用现在分词形式。故选B项。 10. ________ me into the exhibition hall, he showed an obvious preference for ________ was exhibited there. A. Followed; what B. Following; what C. To follow; that D. To be followed; that 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词和宾语从句。句意：跟着我进入展厅后，他对那里展出的东西表现出了明显的偏爱。第一个空考查非谓语动词作状语，句子主语he与follow之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，应使用现在分词形式following；第二个空考查宾语从句，从句中“was exhibited there”缺少主语，应用连接代词what引导从句，故选B项。 重难突破(测试时间：10分钟) 句型转换 1. The astronaut works out regularly with the aim of strengthening his muscles. (同义句转换) The astronaut works out regularly ________________________________ his muscles. 【答案】in order to strengthen 【详解】考查介词短语。句意：宇航员经常锻炼，目的是增强他的肌肉。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查和原句中的with the aim of doing sth.意思相同的短语，可以用介词短语in order to do sth.表示“为了做某事”，作目的状语，动词不定式后接动词原形strengthen。故填in order to strengthen。 2. She spent hours preparing her presentation, and then she found that the projector in the meeting room didn’t work. (用非谓语动词改写句子) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】She spent hours preparing her presentation, only to find that the projector in the meeting room didn’t work. 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她花了好几个小时精心准备她的演示文稿，结果却发现会议室里的投影仪无法正常工作。此处用不定式作结果状语，表示一种始料未及的结果，常译为“结果却只……”用only to do sth.，故改为She spent hours preparing her presentation, only to find that the projector in the meeting room didn’t work. 3. I heard you had been chosen to join a cultural camp in Greece. That pleased me. (用第2句中动词的过去分词合并) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】I was pleased to hear you had been chosen to join a cultural camp in Greece. 【详解】考查时态，形容词，非谓语动词和宾语从句。句意：我听说你被选中参加希腊的一个文化营。这让我很高兴。句子中的heard和pleased提示句子时态是一般过去时，要求“用第2句中的过去分词合并”，可知可以使用过去分词转化而来的形容词pleased“高兴的”作表语，即I was pleased，之后用动词不定式to hear作原因状语，后接省略了引导词that的宾语从句“you had been chosen to join a cultural camp in Greece”。故答案为：I was pleased to hear you had been chosen to join a cultural camp in Greece. 4. Whether we can finish the task on time depends on the weather. (改写为简单句或其他句式) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Our ability to finish the task on time depends on the weather. 【详解】考查主语从句。原句句意：我们是否能按时完成任务取决于天气。原句为主从复合句，连接词Whether引导主语从句，表示“我们是否能按时完成任务”，可改为名词短语Our ability to finish the task on time，其中不定式作后置定语，表示“我们按时完成任务的能力”，其他部分不变。故改为：Our ability to finish the task on time depends on the weather. 5. He stayed in the room for about an hour during the operation. The room is used for waiting. (使用v+ing定语把两个句子合成一句) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】He stayed in the waiting room for about an hour during the operation. 【详解】考查现在分词。句意：手术期间他在病房里呆了大约一个小时。这个房间是用来等候的。分析桔子可知，两个句子共有the room，第二个句子The room做主语说明了其功能，故把第二个句子变成用动名词作定语修饰the room。故答案是He stayed in the waiting room for about an hour during the operation. 6. Luckily, I was selected to take part in an activity on behalf of my classmates. (同义替换) →Luckily, I was selected to take part in an activity ________________ my classmates. 【答案】representing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：幸运的是，我被选中代表我的同学参加一个活动。分析原句可知 “on behalf of”的含义，它表示“代表”。根据题目要求进行同义替换，在英语中“represent”有“代表”的意思，这里需要用它的非谓语形式来替换原短语。因为句子中已经有了谓语动词“was selected”，“代表同学们”这个动作和句子主语“I”之间是主动关系，所以要用现在分词形式“representing”作后置定语修饰activity。故填representing。 7. People who work from home have a clear boundary between work and personal life. (用非谓语动词(短语)改写句子) People ________________ have a clear boundary between work and personal life. 【答案】working from home 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在家工作的人员能够清晰地区分工作时间和个人生活时间。此处定语从句who work from home，改为现在分词短语作定语，people和work from home为逻辑主谓关系，需用现在分词短语working from home。故填working from home。 8. All the teachers and students got actively involved in/ involved themselves actively in the volunteer work, and we have learned a lot. (句式升级) →________________________________, all the teachers and students have learned a lot. (形容词短语作状语) →________________________________, all the teachers and students have learned a lot. (现在分词短语作状语) 【答案】Actively involved in volunteer work; Involving themselves actively in volunteer work 【详解】考查形容词和现在分词短语。句意：所有的老师和学生都积极参与了志愿服务活动，从中收获颇丰。固定短语be involved in和involve oneself in表示“参加、参与”，故空处①可用形容词短语involved in作状语，空处②involve与all the teachers and students为主动关系，用现在分词短语involving oneself in作状语；根据原句，空处表示“积极参与了志愿服务活动”，主语是all the teachers and students。故空①填Actively involved in volunteer work；空②填Involving themselves actively in volunteer work。 9. The city covers an area of 7,400 square kilometers, and this city has a population of about ten million. (句式升级) →________________ 7,400 square kilometers, this city has a population of about ten million. (现在分词短语作状语) 【答案】Covering an area of 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这个城市面积7400平方公里，人口约1000万。cover和逻辑主语city之间是主动关系，使用现在分词作状语，故填Covering an area of。 10. The project was designed to help the students in need. The project didn’t work out as planned. (同义句) The project, ________________, didn’t work out as planned. (分词短语作后置定语) 【答案】designed to help the students in need 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这个项目是为了帮助有需要的学生而设计的。这个项目没有按计划进行。对比两句话可知，空格处替换上一句中的“was designed to help the students in need”，第二句中谓语是didn’t work，空格处用非谓语动词，project和design之间是逻辑动宾关系，因此用过去分词表被动，作后置定语，因此空格处是designed to help the students in need。故填designed to help the students in need。 11. They loaded themselves with/were loaded with medical supplies and oxygen equipment and set off for their adventure. (同义句) ________________________________ medical supplies and oxygen equipment, they set off for their adventure. (分词短语作状语) 【答案】Loading themselves with/ Loaded with 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：带着医疗用品和氧气设备，他们启程去冒险了。根据题目要求和分析句子可知，此处可表示“把……装到自己身上”或“被装载了……”。当强调主动装载时，逻辑主语they与load为主动关系，需填现在分词短语，作伴随状语；当强调状态“被装载了……”，需填过去分词，作伴随状语。故填Loading themselves with或Loaded with。 12. My mind was focused on the article so that I didn’t notice someone come in. (句型转换) →________________________________, I didn’t notice someone come in. (with复合结构) →________________________________, I didn’t notice someone come in. (独立主格结构) 【答案】With my mind focused on the article; My mind focused on the article 【详解】考查with复合结构和独立主格结构。句意：我的注意力集中在这篇文章上，所以没有注意到有人进来。表示“我的注意力集中在这篇文章上”使用“with复合结构”，用my mind作宾语，和focus之间是被动关系，使用过去分词短语focused on the article作宾语补足语；第二空使用独立主格结构，名词短语my mind和focus之间是被动关系，故用“名词+过去分词”形式。句首单词首字母大写，故填①With my mind focused on the article；②My mind focused on the article。 13. I fixed my mind on my study, so I didn’t notice the noisy boy enter the room. (句式升级) →________________________________, I didn’t notice the noisy boy enter the room. (with复合结构) 【答案】With my mind fixed on my study 【详解】考查 with 复合结构。句意：我专注于学习，所以没注意到那个吵闹的男孩进了房间。原句中“I fixed my mind on my study”可转换为with复合结构“with + 宾语 + 过去分词”，其中宾语为my mind，与“fix”构成被动关系，故用过去分词fixed作宾补，“on my study”为介词短语作状语，构成“With my mind fixed on my study”，在句中作原因状语，符合语境。故填With；my；mind；fixed；on；my；study。 易混易错(测试时间：10分钟) 一、选词填空 1. The essay, ________ by three senior teachers, was finally accepted for publication in the national education journal. (reviewing, reviewed, to review, being reviewed) 【答案】reviewed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这篇论文由三位资深教师审阅后，最终被国家教育期刊接受发表。“________ by three senior teachers”作后置定语，review(审阅)用非谓语形式，与其逻辑主语“The essay”之间是被动关系，且“审阅”这一动作已经完成，用过去分词表被动和完成。 2. People can unlock the ________ bikes, which are equipped with GPS and can be left anywhere in public, by simply using their smartphones. (shared, sharing) 【答案】shared 【详解】考查非谓语动词和定语从句。句意：人们只需使用智能手机，就可以解锁配备GPS的共享单车，将其停放在公共场所的任何地方。第一空作修饰bikes的定语，share“共有”和bikes逻辑上是被动关系，因此用其过去分词形式，shared bikes意为“共享单车”。 3. ________ from the mountaintop, the city looked breathtaking. (Having seen, To seen, Seeing, Seen) 【答案】Seen 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：从山顶俯瞰，这座城市显得美轮美奂。此处see与city构成被动关系，故用过去分词作状语，排除表主动的 A(Have seen，错误结构，无此非谓语形式)、B(To seen，语法错误，不定式应为“To see”，且表主动 / 目的，不符合)和 C(Seeing，现在分词，表主动)。 4. ________ from the top of the TV tower, most of the city will take on a beautiful look. (Seeing, To see, Seen) 【答案】Seen 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：从电视塔顶端望去，城市的大部分区域会呈现出美丽的景象。设空处为非谓语动词，和主语most of the city之间是被动关系，应用过去分词。 5. Some psychologists suggest that when ________(faced, facing) with a difficult task, one could improve his performance when mentally imagining himself ________(performing, to perform, having performed) well. 【答案】faced; performing 【详解】考查状语从句中的省略、非谓语动词。句意：一些心理学家建议，当面对一项困难的任务时，一个人如果在心理上想象自己表现良好，就能提高自己的表现。当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时或从句主语为it时，可以省略状语从句的主语和be动词。故“when ________ with a difficult task”为时间状语从句的省略形式，完整形式为when one is ________(face) with a difficult task，be faced with“面对”为固定短语，第一空用过去分词faced。imagine sb doing sth为固定短语，意为“想象某人做某事”，第二空应用perform“表现”的现在分词performing，作宾补。 6. Born and Bred in a poor family, he has always ________ confidence and is afraid of doing anything wrong to let his parents down. (lacked, been lacking) 【答案】lacked 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他在一个贫困的家庭出生并被抚养长大，一直缺乏自信，还害怕做错任何事让父母失望。考查“缺乏”的表达：A项“lacked of”搭配错误，“lack”作动词时直接接宾语，无需“of”；B项“been lacking in”虽语法正确，但结合语境“一直缺乏”，用一般过去时“lacked”更简洁贴合；C项“lacked”为动词过去式，直接接宾语“confidence”，搭配正确；D项“lacked”本身正确，但后续“let out”搭配错误。 7. The first-year experience is exciting, liberating and terrifying, all ________( combined, to combine) to help us grow into adulthood. 【答案】combined 【详解】考查非谓语动词、独立主格结构。句意：大一的经历是令人兴奋、自由且令人恐惧的，所有这些结合在一起帮助我们成长为成年人。此处应用独立主格结构作状语，all与combine之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，用过去分词形式。 8. ________ from his expression, he must have received bad news. (Judged, Judging, To judge) 【答案】Judging 【详解】考查独立主格结构。句意：从他的表情来看，他一定收到了坏消息。分析句子可知，“judging from…”意为“根据……判断”，为独立主格结构，在句中作状语，句首单词首字母大写，故空格处应用“Judging”。 9. The old man likes to sleep with the windows ________. (closing, closed, to close) 【答案】closed 【详解】考查with的复合结构。句意：这位老人喜欢关着窗户睡觉。本句谓语为likes，此处为with的复合结构，且the windows与close“关”为被动关系，应用过去分词，作宾语补足语。 10. With life ________(consisting, consisted) of ups and downs, it is not always easy to maintain a good and enthusiastic attitude. 【答案】consisting 【详解】考查with的复合结构。句意：生活充满起起落落，要始终保持积极热情的态度并非易事。此处为“with+宾语+宾补”结构，作状语；consist of表示“由……组成”，无被动语态，宾语life与consist of之间为主动关系，应用现在分词形式consisting of作宾语补足语；“由……组成”也可表达为be made up of，作宾语补足语，用过去分词made up of。 链接高考(测试时间：15分钟) 1.(2025年新课标Ⅱ卷)Growing up, my family and our neighbors never used clotheslines to dry clothing. denying me the chance ________(discover) one of the great wonders of sunshine — the sweet “sunshine scent” after sunning clothes for an entire day. 【答案】to discover 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在我的成长过程中，我的家人和邻居从不使用晾衣绳晾晒衣物，这让我没有机会发现阳光的奇妙之处之一——将衣服晒了一整天后散发的甜美的“阳光的味道”。本句已有谓语used，此处应用非谓语动词， chance to do sth.“做某事的机会”,本空用discover的不定式，作定语。故填to discover。 2.(2025年新课标Ⅱ卷)If you’ve never experienced the “sunshine scent” from a sheet or shirt ________(leave) to sun for a day, well, you’re missing out on one of life’s wonders. 【答案】left 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：如果你从未体验过在阳光下晾晒了一整天的床单或衬衫散发的“阳光的味道”，那么你就错过了生活中的一大奇观。本句已有谓语have experienced，此处应用非谓语动词，a sheet or shirt和leave“使处于某种状态”之间是逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语。故填left。 3.(2025年1月浙江卷)Tanya’s shop offers fashion clothes for women ________(rent) rather than purchase them outright, providing a less expensive solution to one-time event dressing. 【答案】to rent 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句中动词 offers 后接不定式，表示“提供……供租用”，故填to rent。 4.(2025年北京卷)When ________(travel), we engage with cultures and experiences. 【答案】traveling [解析]考查非谓语动词。句意：旅行时，我们接触不同的文化和体验不同的经历。句子主语we与travel之间是主动关系，用现在分词，构成“when+现在分词”的状语从句省略结构。故填traveling。 5.(2024年北京卷)Taking the time ________(rest) allows us to develop a deeper sense of self-awareness. 【答案】 to rest。 【解析】考查非谓语动词。固定搭配take(the) time to do sth. 意为“花时间做某事”,此处应用动词不定式。故填 to rest。 6.(2024年北京卷) And when ________(ask) about his new title, he shared the secret: moderation(适度). 【答案】asked。 【解析】考查省略状语从句。本句是when引导的时间状语从句;因主从句主语一致,且从句的谓语动词中有be动词,所以从句省略主语和谓语中的be动词,本句省略的是he was。故填 asked。 7.(2024年北京卷)Just then, some kids ran at him, ________(knock) his books out of his arms. 【答案】knocking。 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词 “ran” ,此处应用非谓语动词;主语 “some kids” 和动词knock之间构成主谓关系,此处应用现在分词短语作结果状语。故填 knocking。 8.(2024年1月浙江高考)However, if you’re shopping for one, buying extra ________(benefit) from price reductions doesn’t make sense. 【答案】to benefit 【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：然而，如果你是想买一件，那么多买一件来享受降价是没有意义的。根据“buying extra”和“from price reductions”可知，此处是指多买一件来享受降价，所以应用to do不定式作目的状语。故填to benefit。 9.(2024年1月浙江高考)Over the last two years, some supermarkets have started selling chicken or salad in packs________(design) with two halves containing separate portions (份). 【答案】designed 【解析】考查过去分词。句意：在过去的两年里，一些超市开始销售鸡肉或沙拉包装，设计成两半，拆分成两份。动词design意为“设计”，和谓语之间没有连词，和逻辑主语packs构成被动关系，且动作已完成，所以应用过去分词形式作后置定语。故填designed。 10.(2024·全国新高考Ⅰ卷)These sepals open on warm days ________(give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. 【答案】to give。 【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处动词不定式表示目的。故填to give。 11.(2024·全国新高考Ⅰ卷)In cold weather, the structure stays ________(close) to protect the plants.  【答案】closed。 【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处stays是系动词,structure和close(关闭)之间是被动关系,所以填过去分词。故填closed。 12.(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, ________(inspire) by The Peony Pavilion, was built at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.  【答案】inspired。 【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,空处作非谓语,修饰名词pavilion,表示“被《牡丹亭》启发”,应用过去分词形式表示被动。过去分词短语“inspired by The Peony Pavilion”作“a six-meter-tall pavilion”的后置定语。故填inspired。 13.(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)Visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed ________(find) the connection between the two great writers.  【答案】to find。 【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处考查be+adj.+to do结构。故填to find。 14.(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)________(recall) watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard Ⅲ in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said 【答案】Recalling。 【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,空处作状语,Edmondson和recall之间为主动关系,应用其动词-ing形式作状语。位于句首,首字母需大写。故填Recalling。 15.(2023年北京卷)When ________(see) from afar, the mangrove forests appear more splendid. 【答案】seen 【解析】考查状语从句的省略。句意：从远处看，红树林显得更加壮观。逗号前面是when引导的状语从句的省略，当状语从句和主句主语是同一主语时，且从句含有be动词，从句可以省略主语和be动词。在从句中，主语为the mangrove forests，和动词see是被动关系，从句应用一般现在时的被动语态，完整形式为when they are seen from afar，省略主语和be动词，故填seen。 16.(2023年北京卷)She called for action ________(address) the struggles of people around the world ________(face) “too little water or too dirty water”. 【答案】to address; facing 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：她呼吁采取行动，解决世界各地面临“水太少或水太脏”的人们的斗争。分析句子结构可知address在句中作目的状语，故用不定式。故填to address。分析句子结构可知face与逻辑主语people构成主动关系，故用现在分词作后置定语，故填facing。 17.(2023∙全国甲卷)For thousands of years, people have told fables(寓言) ________(teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom. 【答案】to teach 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：几千年来，人们通过讲寓言来传授知识或传授智慧。根据句意可知，此处表达“来传授知识和智慧”，所以用不定式作目的状语。故填to teach。 18.(2023∙全国甲卷)Her fable begins, ________(borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables. 【答案】borrowing 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：“从前，在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境一起享受着和平的生活，”她的寓言是这样开头的，借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语her fable与borrow之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故填borrowing。 20 / 22 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $