专题01 非谓语动词（一）（主语、宾语、表语和补足语）（期中复习讲义）高二英语上学期译林版

专题01 非谓语动词(一)(主语，表语，宾语和宾语补足语) (期中复习讲义) 年份 卷别 考点 考情分析 2025 新高考I卷 动词不定式作宾语 【考向透视】 非谓语动词是高中英语语法中的重要部分，是高考的必考项目。非谓语动词包括动词不定式、分词(现在分词、过去分词)、动名词，在句子中可以作除谓语以外的其他成分。非谓语动词常考考点主要有动词不定式的功能、现在分词和过去分词的用法区别及非谓语动词的时态、语态、省略等。该项内容考查考生在具体语言环境中理解句子结构和分析句子成分的能力。分析近年高考真题可知，语法填空中一般考查2个左右，这是语法填空中的一大难点。 【复习目标】 1. 非谓语动词的概念。 2. 非谓语动词在句子中的作用。 3. 非谓语动词的种类。 北京卷 过去分词作宾补 2024 新高考I卷 动词不定式作宾语补足语 全国甲卷 动词不定式作宾语 2023 新高考I卷 动词不定式作宾语 全国乙卷 动名词作宾语 非谓语动词的形式和句法功能 种类 形式 主动 被动 主语 宾语 宾补 表语 定语 状语 不定式 一般式 to do to be done √ √ √ √ √ √ 进行式 to be doing × 完成式 to have done to have been done 动名词 一般式 doing being done √ √ × √ √ × 完成式 having done having been done 分词 现在分词 一般式 doing being done × × √ √ √ √ 完成式 having done having been done 过去分词 一般式 done(vi.) 表完成 done(vt.)表被动 与完成 × × √ √ √ √ ( 非谓语动词作主语和表语 ) 知识点01非谓语动词作主语 不定式作主语 一般表示具体某一次的动作。常用it作形式主语，而不定式是真正的主语，放在句末，以使句子保持平衡。 To see is to believe.眼见为实。 动名词作主语 动名词作主语表示一般的、抽象的、泛指的概念，一般都放在谓语动词前，有时用it作形式主语。 Reading aloud is very important for us to learn a foreign language. 大声朗读对我们学习一门外语是非常重要的。 动名词作主语固定句型 1. It作形式主语，动名词作真正主语。 It is no use/good doing…. It is a waste of time doing…. It’s no use complaining without taking action. 不采取行动只是抱怨是没有用的。 2.用于There is no doing…固定句型。 There is no denying that the Internet has brought great convenience to our lives. (不可否认的是，互联网给我们的生活带来了巨大的便利。) There is no denying that hard work is the key to success. (不可否认，努力是成功的关键。) 【即时检测】 一、语法填空 1. It’s difficult ________(compare) these two paintings as they are both excellent. 2. Amy thought it was worthwhile ________(read) English newspapers every day so she sub-scribed to the 21st Century. 3. If you want to be published, it’s vital ________(submit) a perfect, professionally presented manuscript(原稿)。 4. To sum up, protecting animals is greatly urgent and it is vital for us ________(take) steps to protect them. 5. It is indeed an honor for China’s scientific research and Chinese medicine ________(spread) around the world. 6. ________(expose) to the sunlight for too long will be harmful to your skin. 7. Typically, cruelty and ________(cheat) are discouraged, while cooperation, humbleness and courage are praised. 8. ________(travel) along the ancient Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience. 9. ________(joint) a student organization can help you develop skills and make new friends who share similar interests. 10. ________(surround) by nature not only sparked my creativity but also offered a much-needed break from the usual hustle and bustle of school life. 易｜错｜点｜拨 1. 动词不定式作主语 在“It is/was+adj.+for/of sb to do sth”结构中，若形容词侧重于评价人物的特性、特征，则构成不定式复合结构的介词应用of，此时形容词常为kind，nice，foolish等词，且sb与形容词之间可构成逻辑上的系表关系；若形容词侧重于描写不定式动作的特征、特点，则构成不定式复合结构的介词应用for。如: It is generous of him to contribute so much. 他捐献了这么多真是太慷慨了。 It was important for us to live a low-carbon life. 过一种低碳生活对我们来说很重要。 2. 动名词作主语 下面句型中常用动名词作主语：It is/was a waste (of...)/no use/no good doing sth. 如: It is no use complaining without taking action. 不采取行动而只是抱怨是没有用的。 It is no good coming before that. 在那之前来没有用。 3. 单个的非谓语动词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。 4. 形式主语使用不当：该用 it 作形式主语时未使用，导致句子结构头重脚轻。 知识点02非谓语动词作表语 不定式作表语 当主语是 “one's wish, plan, duty, job, idea, goal” 等表示计划、想法、职责类的名词时，常用动词不定式作表语 My dream is to enter Peking University.我的梦想是考入北京大学。 动名词作表语 动名词作表语多指抽象的、概念性的动作，句子主语常是表示无生命的名词或what引导的名词性从句。 Our job is playing all kinds of music.我们的工作是演奏各种各样的音乐。 分词作表语 现在分词作表语意为“令人……的”；而过去分词作表语意为“人感到……的”。 It’s well known that a tiger looks very frightening.众所周知，老虎看起来令人很害怕。 We were moved at the news that he had died for the motherland.听到他为国捐躯的消息，我们都很感动。 【即时检测】 一、语法填空 1. His work is ________(test) out new designs of cars before they are put on the market. 2. He had only six years of schooling, and his ambition was ________(become) a sailor. 3. Human life is regarded as part of nature, so the only way for us to survive is ________(live) in harmony with nature. 4. His first job as a systems analyst was ________(reorganize) the way the store’s stock was recorded. 5. Her real ambition is ________(be) a movie star, not just an actress on the stage. 6. Many people’s hobbies nowadays are ________(collect) things, e.g, stamps, postcards or antiques. 7. ​Her job is ________( justify) the company’s new policy to the public. (她的工作是向公众解释公司新政策的合理性。) 8. Despite its remarkable history, New York is a city with deep contradictions and deep inequality. You see poverty everywhere and the transport system is ________(crumble). There are tens of thousands of homeless people. 9. Tom was a lazy boy. He just passed the exam and was ________(content) with the marks he got. 10. When Bob got ________(absorb) in his world of music, he felt as if he could “see” the beauty of the world around him, like he had in his previous life. 易｜错｜点｜拨 现在分词与过去分词混淆：没有正确区分现在分词和过去分词作表语时的不同含义，导致误用。 The movie we watched last night was really exciting. (我们昨晚看的电影非常令人兴奋，“exciting” 描述电影让人产生兴奋的感觉) After a long day's work, I felt exhausted. (经过一天的长时间工作，我感到筋疲力尽，“exhausted” 描述 “我” 的感受和状态) ( 非谓语动词作宾语和补语 ) 知识点01非谓语动词作宾语 常跟不定式作宾语的动词：decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hope/wish, refuse, manage, volunteer, pretend, offer, promise, choose, plan, agree, ask/beg, help My English teacher promised to lend some books to me.我的英语老师答应借给我一些书。 We agreed to meet at the school gate.我们一致同意在校门口见面。 常常跟动名词做宾语的动词consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse/pardon ; admit, delay; put off, fancy; avoid, miss, keep; keep on, practise; deny,finish,enjoy;appreciate; forbid; imagine; risk; can’t help; mind; allow; permit; escape forbid, imagine, risk; She admitted making a mistake in the math exam.(她承认在数学考试中犯了一个错误) We should practice speaking English every day to improve our oral skills.(我们应该每天练习说英语来提高口语技能) 动词tell, show, understand, know, explain, teach, learn, advise等常接“疑问词+动词不定式”作宾语 Please tell me when to start the project. 请告诉我何时开始这个项目。 在某些动词如find，think，consider，feel，make，believe后，常用it作形式宾语，然后加宾语补足语，最后加不定式作真正的宾语。 We think it our duty to protect the environment. 我们认为保护环境是我们的责任。 【即时检测】 一、语法填空 1. It is said that David threatened ________(report) his neighbour if the damages were not paid. 2. Luckily, all our efforts have improved the river’s environment, helping to ________(breath) life into the finless porpoise(江豚) species. 3. Even chimp mothers regularly decline ________(share) food with their children, who are able from a young age to gather their own food. 4. The firefighters managed ________(rescue) the boy from the burning building. 5. She pretended ________(read) a book when the teacher entered the classroom. 6. He stood in his backyard, watching stars, listening to dogs’ barks. Then his cell-phone started ________(vibrate). 7. My coach didn’t approve of me ________(drop) out of the match. 8. While the weather was extremely bad, the soldiers and doctors didn’t delay ________(set) off for the flood-hit area. 9. From the story, we learn that while independence is initially idealized and pursued passionately, true independence often involves ________(recognize) the value of collaboration and learning when to seek help. 10. The artist is fully employed in ________(appreciate) the masterpieces in the gallery. 易｜错｜点｜拨 1.由“动词+介词”构成的短语，其后跟动名词作宾语，常见的有be/get used to (习惯于)，feel like (想要)，insist on (坚持)，get down to (开始)，devote...to...(致力于……)，object to (反对)，stick to (坚持)，give up (放弃)等。 With many reference materials in hand，he got down to writing his graduation thesis. 手头有许多参考资料，他开始写毕业论文。 2.下列动词或短语既可以接动名词作宾语，也可以接动词不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别： I meant to give you this book today，but I forgot. 我本来打算今天给你这本书的，可是我忘了。 Missing this train means waiting for another hour. 错过这辆火车意味着得再等一小时。 3. 在need，want，require等后表示被动意义，不定式要用被动语态，动名词不需要。 My bike needs to be repaired.＝My bike needs repairing.我的自行车需要修理。 知识点02非谓语动词作宾语补足语 (一)现在分词作补语 现在分词作补语 感官动词 常用于感官动词(see, watch, observe, notice, hear, smell, feel 等)后 。 I saw her dancing in the room. (我看见她正在房间里跳舞，“dancing” 表示 “她” 正在进行的动作，且 “她” 与 “跳舞” 是主动关系) 使役动词 常用于使役动词(have, keep, leave 等)后 。 Don't leave the water running while you brush your teeth. (刷牙时不要让水一直流着，“running” 体现水持续流动的状态，“水” 与 “流” 是主动关系) 固定搭配 catch sb. doing sth.(撞见某人正在做某事)”“find sb. doing sth. (发现某人正在做某事)” 。 The teacher caught the boy cheating in the exam.(老师发现那个男孩考试作弊) (二)过去分词作补语 过去分词作补语 感官动词 常用于感官动词(see, watch, observe, notice, hear, smell, feel等)后 。 When I entered the room, I found the window broken. (我进入房间时，发现窗户破了，“broken” 表明窗户是被打破的，存在被动关系) 使役动词 常用于使役动词(have, keep, leave等)后 。 I want to have my hair cut tomorrow. (我明天想剪头发，“hair” 与 “cut” 是被动关系) with + 宾语 + 过去分词 With the work done, we went home happily. (工作完成了，我们开心地回家了，“work” 和 “done” 是被动完成关系) (三)动词不定式作补语 动词不定式作补语 带 to 的不定式作补语 在一些动词(如 ask, tell, want, allow, encourage, advise等)后，用带 to 的不定式作宾语补足语，表示让某人去做某事 。 例句：My parents often encourage me to study hard. (我父母经常鼓励我努力学习，“me” 是宾语，“to study hard” 是宾语补足语) 不带 to 的不定式作补语 在使役动词(let, make, have)和感官动词(see, watch, hear, notice, feel 等)后，不定式作宾补时要省略to，但在被动语态中，to要还原 。 (主动语态)：The boss made the workers work 12 hours a day. (老板让工人们每天工作12小时，省略to) (被动语态)：The workers were made to work 12 hours a day by the boss. (工人们被老板要求每天工作12小时，to还原) 【即时检测】 一、语法填空 1. But my need for independence drove me ________(push) forward with my research plan. 2. She required at the meeting that measures be taken to protect the environment which we rely on ________(live). 3. The children were made ________(finish) their homework before watching TV. 4. We were made ________(wind) up the meeting as soon as possible. 5. When she got home, she found her little brother ________(watch) cartoons on the sofa. 6. The teacher left the students ________(finish) their assignments independently.(用所给词的适当形式填空，结合leave短语) 7. But it can certainly keep me ________(entertain) while I wait for my wife to rescue me. 8. Looking around, I found myself ________(surround) by a group of children full of curiosity. 9. She wears those strange clothes just to get herself ________(notice). 10. The police found the lost child ________(take) care of by a kind-hearted old lady in the park. 附录： 1. 后接动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词及动词短语 (1)有些动词或动词短语后接动词不定式作宾补，即“动词/动词短语+宾语+to do”。常见的这类动词或动词短语有： advise建议　allow 允许　ask 询问；要求　beg恳求　cause 导致　encourage 鼓励　permit准许　forbid 禁止　force 强迫　intend打算　invite 邀请　order 命令；要求　persuade说服　prefer 更喜欢　require 需要；要求　teach教　remind 提醒　tell 告诉　want想要　warn 警告　wish 希望；想要　wait for等待　call on 号召；要求　depend on 依靠　urge 催促；力劝 2.下列句型中常用动词不定式作主语补足语，它们是： sb be said/believed/known/reported/considered/thought+to do/to have done/to be done/to be doing/to have been done sth 3. 非谓语动词作感官动词(短语)、使役动词的宾补 (1)感官动词(短语)see, watch, observe, look at, notice, hear, listen to, feel的宾语补足语有四种形式，以see为例： see+宾语+ 2.使役动词make，let，have，get后接复合宾语的情况： ①make+宾语+ The teacher made some students stay in the classroom after school. 老师让一些学生放学后待在教室里。 He tried to make himself understood. 他尽量把自己的意思表达清楚。 3.let+宾语+ 4. have 的宾语补足语 have+宾语+ 5. get的宾语补足语 get+宾语+ 3. 动词leave，keep，find，catch后加非谓语动词作复合宾语的情况 (1)leave (2)keep (3)find ⇒ (4)catch sb doing sth撞见某人正在做某事 4. “with+宾语+宾补”结构 (1)with+名词/代词+现在分词，现在分词可表示主动和动作正在进行 (2)with+名词/代词+过去分词，过去分词可表示被动和动作已完成或表状态 (3)with+名词/代词+不定式，不定式表示动作尚未发生 易｜错｜点｜拨 1.“感官动词+宾语+省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语”在变为被动语态时需加to。 The thief was observed to enter the bank. (被动语态) 有人看见小偷进了银行。 2. “使役动词+宾语+省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语”在变为被动语态时也需加to。 He was made to work day and night, so he was very tired of the job. 他被迫日夜工作，所以他非常厌倦这项工作。 3.have sb doing sth用于否定句中，常与can’t，won’t等连用，表示“不能容忍某人做某事”。 基础通关(测试时间：10分钟) 一、单项选择 1. Even though she is an experienced driver, it takes her at least 40 minutes ________ through the crowded city streets. A. driving B. drive C. to drive D. driven 2. The scientist claimed ________ a major breakthrough in medical research last year, but no evidence has been provided so far A. to make B. to have made C. to be making D. making 3. Flora thinks that teachers’ duty is ________ students and help them explore their interests. A. educating B. educated C. to educate D. educate 4. With extra time ________ before my dreaded appointment with my dentist, my grandmother dragged me into an ice-cream store. A. to spare B. sparing C. which spared D. being spared 5. Tu Youyou was reported ________ the Nobel Prize in her seventies after working hard bit by bit for a long time. A. to award B. awarding C. to have been awarded D. being awarded 6. ________ from errors and what went wrong in the previous research studies will go a long way to ________ for excellence. A. Learning... someone struggling B. To learn... being struggled C. To learn... someone being struggled D. Learning... struggling 7. After several months of professional training, they were made used ________ the machine. A. to operating on B. to operate C. to operating D. to operate on 8. What worried the child most was ________ to visit his brother in hospital. A. his not being allowed B. his not allowing C. his being not allowed D. having not been allowed 9. The terrible news was that the new virus ________ among animals was starting to infect human beings. A. was spreading B. spread C. spreading D. was spread 10. Some psychologists suggest that when ________ with a difficult task, one could improve his performance when mentally imagining himself ________ well. A. facing; performing B. faced; performing C. faced; to perform D. facing; having performed 11. The students get ________ before 6 a.m. everyday. A. dressing B. dressed C. to be dressed D. dress 12. They hurried back home only to find their house ________ into. A. breaking B. broken C. has broken D. being broken 13. The old man likes to sleep with the windows ________. A. closing B. close C. closed D. to close 重难突破(测试时间：10分钟) 一、完成句子 1. I’m sorry to hear that you are having difficulty in making friends.(句型转换 it作形式主语) →________________________________________________________________ 2. Tom pretended that he hadn’t heard about the news, but in fact he knew it very well last week. → Tom ________________________________ about the news, but in fact he knew it very well last week.(pretend to have done) 3. My advice as someone who has made it to 90 is to seize the day. Don’t waste any opportunities. (合并为一句) My advice as someone who has made it to 90 is to seize the day and ________ ________ waste any opportunities. 4. Can we persuade her out of carrying out the foolish plan? (句型转换) →Can we ________________________________ the foolish plan? 5. They make the temples and lakes look more attractive. (改为被动语态) The temples and lakes ________ ________ ________ look more attractive by them. 6. What matters most is to keep a positive attitude. (改写为简单句或其他句式) ________________________________________________________________ 7. We suspected that he suffered from an infectious disease. →We suspected him ________________________________________________________________. 8. What worries me most is that she stays up too late every night.(用动词-ing 形式作表语改写) ________________________________________________________________ 9. Because the old professor was respected by everyone, he decided to make great contributions to the country. →________________________________, the old professor decided to make great contributions to the country. (with复合结构) 10. The man seems to be tired. (改写为用过去分词作表语的句子) ________________________________________________________________ 11. As we passed by, we found that the window was broken by a naughty boy. (句型转换) As we passed by, we found the window ________ by a naughty boy. 易混易错(测试时间：10分钟) 一、选词填空 1. It took the surgeon three hours ________________ my mother’s lung surgery. (to perform, performed, performing) 2. He has made it a daily routine ________________ his grandparents on his way back home.(to visit, visiting, visited) 3. As a cross-border doctor, my primary mission was ________ all those African patients. (to save, being saved, to be saved) A. to save B. being saved C. save D. to be saved 4. ________(seeing, seen, To see) people around him ________ (to fail, failing, failed, fail) to find a satisfactory job, he felt hopeless and decided to quit from the job market. 5. People should, ideally, be persuaded ________ a diet with much less fat or oil. (to eat, eaten, being eating) 6. ________ children, despite parents’ efforts to refrain from it, is common and can cause damage to children’s self-esteem, contrary to the wish to bring out their potential and capabilities. (Comparing, Having compared) 7. The singer was often seen to practice ________ songs near the woods three years ago. (singing, to sing) 8. Her job is ________(nursing, to nurse) patients in the hospital; but this weekend her task is  ________(looking, to look) after her granny. 9. She remained ________ though we repeatedly asked her to sit down. (to stand, standing, to be standing) 10. With life ________ of ups and downs, it is not always easy to maintain a good and enthusiastic attitude. (being consisted; consisting) 11. The window is ________. We need to repair it. (broken, to break, breaking) 12. The tourists were eager ________(to view, viewing) the magnificent waterfall and then had their pictures ________(taking, taken) against it. 链接高考(测试时间：15分钟) 1.(2025年新课标Ⅰ卷)We hope ________(present)the rather abstract Go game and AI in a visual context, and initiate dialogues with minimalist art, conceptual art and expressionism. 2.(2025年1月浙江卷)I know that doesn’t always mean ________(return) a dress on the Monday after a special weekend, 3.(2025年北京卷) I sometimes call him back, worried that he might have someone ________(scare). 4.(2024新课标Ⅰ卷)These sepals open on warm days ________(give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. 5.(2024全国甲卷)Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend ________(catch)our attention because of their large size and variety. 6.(2023年全国乙卷)I have spent the last two years ________ (record) everything I discovered. 7.(2023新高考全国Ⅰ卷)To eat one, you have to decide whether ________(bite) a small hole in it first, 8.(2023新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them ________(lift) out of the steamer basket without allowing them tearing or spilling any of their contents. 9.(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)But that’s how nature is—always leaving us ________(astonish).  10.(2021·全国甲卷)It is possible ________(walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.  11.(2021·全国甲卷)After ________(spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what better than to ride on a piece of history!  12.(2021·全国乙卷·)Actually, a true eco-friendly trip must meet the following principles: ·Minimize the impact of　　 ________(visit) the place.  13.(2022年1月浙江卷) Through touch, the one thing gallery signs tell you not ________(do). John Olson, a former photographer and his team turn paintings into fully textured 3D models. 10 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题01 非谓语动词(一)(主语，表语，宾语和宾语补足语) (期中复习讲义) 年份 卷别 考点 考情分析 2025 新高考I卷 动词不定式作宾语 【考向透视】 非谓语动词是高中英语语法中的重要部分，是高考的必考项目。非谓语动词包括动词不定式、分词(现在分词、过去分词)、动名词，在句子中可以作除谓语以外的其他成分。非谓语动词常考考点主要有动词不定式的功能、现在分词和过去分词的用法区别及非谓语动词的时态、语态、省略等。该项内容考查考生在具体语言环境中理解句子结构和分析句子成分的能力。分析近年高考真题可知，语法填空中一般考查2个左右，这是语法填空中的一大难点。 【复习目标】 1. 非谓语动词的概念。 2. 非谓语动词在句子中的作用。 3. 非谓语动词的种类。 北京卷 过去分词作宾补 2024 新高考I卷 动词不定式作宾语补足语 全国甲卷 动词不定式作宾语 2023 新高考I卷 动词不定式作宾语 全国乙卷 动名词作宾语 非谓语动词的形式和句法功能 种类 形式 主动 被动 主语 宾语 宾补 表语 定语 状语 不定式 一般式 to do to be done √ √ √ √ √ √ 进行式 to be doing × 完成式 to have done to have been done 动名词 一般式 doing being done √ √ × √ √ × 完成式 having done having been done 分词 现在分词 一般式 doing being done × × √ √ √ √ 完成式 having done having been done 过去分词 一般式 done(vi.) 表完成 done(vt.)表被动 与完成 × × √ √ √ √ ( 非谓语动词作主语和表语 ) 知识点01非谓语动词作主语 不定式作主语 一般表示具体某一次的动作。常用it作形式主语，而不定式是真正的主语，放在句末，以使句子保持平衡。 To see is to believe.眼见为实。 动名词作主语 动名词作主语表示一般的、抽象的、泛指的概念，一般都放在谓语动词前，有时用it作形式主语。 Reading aloud is very important for us to learn a foreign language. 大声朗读对我们学习一门外语是非常重要的。 动名词作主语固定句型 1. It作形式主语，动名词作真正主语。 It is no use/good doing…. It is a waste of time doing…. It’s no use complaining without taking action. 不采取行动只是抱怨是没有用的。 2.用于There is no doing…固定句型。 There is no denying that the Internet has brought great convenience to our lives. (不可否认的是，互联网给我们的生活带来了巨大的便利。) There is no denying that hard work is the key to success. (不可否认，努力是成功的关键。) 【即时检测】 一、语法填空 1. It’s difficult ________(compare) these two paintings as they are both excellent. 【答案】to compare 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这两幅画都很好，很难比较。It’s difficult to do sth.是固定句型，意为“做某事很困难”，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式，因此空格处是不定式to compare。故填to compare。 2. Amy thought it was worthwhile ________(read) English newspapers every day so she sub-scribed to the 21st Century. 【答案】to read/reading 【详解】考查不定式和动名词。句意：艾米认为每天阅读英文报纸很有意义，于是她订阅了《21 世纪报》。根据句意及空前的it was worthwhile可知应填to read/reading，it is worthwhile to do/doing...意为“做某事是值得的”，it 作形式主语，不定式或动名词作真正的主语，故填read/reading。 3. If you want to be published, it’s vital ________(submit) a perfect, professionally presented manuscript(原稿)。 【答案】to submit 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：如果你想发表作品，提交一份完美且专业呈现的原稿是至关重要的。此处为固定句型“It’s+形容词+to do sth”，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语，submit为动词原形，意为“提交”，其动词不定式形式to submit。故填to submit。 4. To sum up, protecting animals is greatly urgent and it is vital for us ________(take) steps to protect them. 【答案】to take 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：总而言之，保护动物是非常紧迫的，对我们来说采取措施保护它们至关重要。take steps“采取措施”。it is vital for sb. to do sth.是固定句型，意为“对某人来说做某事至关重要”，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式，所以空处应用动词take的不定式形式。故填to take。 5. It is indeed an honor for China’s scientific research and Chinese medicine ________(spread) around the world. 【答案】to be spread 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：中国的科学研究和中医药被传播到世界各地，这确实是一种荣誉。本句使用“It is + 名词 + for sth. to do sth.”的固定句型，It为形式主语，本空用不定式，作真正的主语；且“China’s scientific research and Chinese medicine”与spread“传播”之间是被动关系，用不定式的被动形式to be spread。故填to be spread。 6. ________(expose) to the sunlight for too long will be harmful to your skin. 【答案】Being exposed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：长时间暴露在阳光下会对你的皮肤有害。本句已有谓语动词will be，故空处需用非谓语动词，作主语；动词expose与逻辑主语you之间是被动关系，表示“被暴露”，故空处需用动名词的被动形式being done作主语，空处位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Being exposed。 7. Typically, cruelty and ________(cheat) are discouraged, while cooperation, humbleness and courage are praised. 【答案】cheating 【详解】考查动名词。句意：通常，残忍和欺骗不被鼓励，而鼓励合作、谦逊和勇气。空处和cruelty并列作主语，所以空处应填动名词形式cheating。故填cheating。 8. ________(travel) along the ancient Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience. 【答案】Travelling/Traveling 【详解】考查动名词。句意：沿着古老的丝绸之路旅行是一次有趣而有意义的经历。travel为动词，表示“旅行”，在句中作主语，表示一般行为，应用其动名词形式；句首字母大写。故填Travelling/Traveling。 9. ________(joint) a student organization can help you develop skills and make new friends who share similar interests. 【答案】Joining 【详解】考查非谓语。句意：加入学生组织有助于你培养技能，并结识志同道合的新朋友。分析句子结构可知，这里需用名词或动名词形式充当主语；所给词joint为形容词，意为“共同的；联合的”，或为名词，意为“关节；接合处”，需将其转化为动词join，意为“加入”，再变为动名词形式 joining，符合“加入组织”的语义逻辑，且句首时首字母应大写。故填Joining。 10. ________(surround) by nature not only sparked my creativity but also offered a much-needed break from the usual hustle and bustle of school life. 【答案】Being surrounded 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：被大自然包围不仅激发了我的创造力，而且让我从平时的学校生活的喧嚣中得到了急需的休息。“(surround) by nature”作主语，表示一种状态，用动名词作主语，且surround(包围，围绕)与其逻辑主语“我”之间是被动关系，用动名词的被动形式being surrounded作主语；句首单词首字母大写。故填Being surrounded。 易｜错｜点｜拨 1. 动词不定式作主语 在“It is/was+adj.+for/of sb to do sth”结构中，若形容词侧重于评价人物的特性、特征，则构成不定式复合结构的介词应用of，此时形容词常为kind，nice，foolish等词，且sb与形容词之间可构成逻辑上的系表关系；若形容词侧重于描写不定式动作的特征、特点，则构成不定式复合结构的介词应用for。如: It is generous of him to contribute so much. 他捐献了这么多真是太慷慨了。 It was important for us to live a low-carbon life. 过一种低碳生活对我们来说很重要。 2. 动名词作主语 下面句型中常用动名词作主语：It is/was a waste (of...)/no use/no good doing sth. 如: It is no use complaining without taking action. 不采取行动而只是抱怨是没有用的。 It is no good coming before that. 在那之前来没有用。 3. 单个的非谓语动词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。 4. 形式主语使用不当：该用 it 作形式主语时未使用，导致句子结构头重脚轻。 知识点02非谓语动词作表语 不定式作表语 当主语是 “one's wish, plan, duty, job, idea, goal” 等表示计划、想法、职责类的名词时，常用动词不定式作表语 My dream is to enter Peking University.我的梦想是考入北京大学。 动名词作表语 动名词作表语多指抽象的、概念性的动作，句子主语常是表示无生命的名词或what引导的名词性从句。 Our job is playing all kinds of music.我们的工作是演奏各种各样的音乐。 分词作表语 现在分词作表语意为“令人……的”；而过去分词作表语意为“人感到……的”。 It’s well known that a tiger looks very frightening.众所周知，老虎看起来令人很害怕。 We were moved at the news that he had died for the motherland.听到他为国捐躯的消息，我们都很感动。 【即时检测】 一、语法填空 1. His work is ________(test) out new designs of cars before they are put on the market. 【答案】to test 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他的工作是在新车设计投入市场前对其进行测试。本句谓语为is，此处为非谓语动词，作表语，用于说明主语His work的具体内容；用test“测试”的不定式。故填to test。 2. He had only six years of schooling, and his ambition was ________(become) a sailor. 【答案】to become 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他只上了六年学，他的志向是成为一名水手。根据“his ambition”可知，此处应用不定式作表语，说明主语的具体内容。故填to become。 3. Human life is regarded as part of nature, so the only way for us to survive is ________(live) in harmony with nature. 【答案】to live 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：人类生活被视为自然的一部分，因此我们生存的唯一方式就是与自然和谐共处。此处为非谓语动词作表语，结合句意，此处表示将来的动作，且表示具体的动作，使用动词不定式形式to live作表语。故填to live。 4. His first job as a systems analyst was ________(reorganize) the way the store’s stock was recorded. 【答案】to reorganize 【详解】考查不定式。句意：作为一名系统分析师，他的第一份工作是重新整理商店的库存记录方式。句子主语是job，空格处用不定式作表语说明主语的具体内容，故填to reorganize。 5. Her real ambition is ________(be) a movie star, not just an actress on the stage. 【答案】to be 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她真正的志向是成为一名电影明星，而不仅仅是舞台上的女演员。句中系动词is后需接表语，此处应用动词不定式作表语，说明主语的具体内容或目的。故填to be。 6. Many people’s hobbies nowadays are ________(collect) things, e.g, stamps, postcards or antiques. 【答案】collecting 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：现在许多人的爱好是收集东西，如邮票、明信片或古董。句中系动词are后需接表语，此处表示“收集东西”这一动作或行为，应用动名词形式collecting作表语，说明主语hobbies的具体内容。故填collecting。 7. ​Her job is ________( justify) the company’s new policy to the public. (她的工作是向公众解释公司新政策的合理性。) 【答案】justifying 【详解】考查动名词。本句为主系表结构，主语是Her job，系动词是is，空处作表语，需用动名词形式，动名词作表语多表示抽象性的或习惯性的动作，一般说明主语的内容，即justifying the company’s new policy to the public是她的工作。故填justifying。 8. Despite its remarkable history, New York is a city with deep contradictions and deep inequality. You see poverty everywhere and the transport system is ________(crumble). There are tens of thousands of homeless people. 【答案】crumbling 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管有着辉煌的历史，纽约却是一座充满深刻矛盾和严重不平等的城市。你到处都能看到贫困，交通系统也摇摇欲坠。有数以万计的无家可归者。分析句子可知，设空处应填现在分词crumbling作表语，此处现在分词具有形容词性质，结合句意“摇摇欲坠的”是crumbling，符合语境。故填crumbling。 9. Tom was a lazy boy. He just passed the exam and was ________(content) with the marks he got. 【答案】content/contented 【详解】考查形容词。句意：汤姆是个懒惰的男孩。他刚刚通过考试，对自己的成绩很满意。此处位于系动词“was”后，需用形容词作表语。所给词“content”既可以作形容词，意为“满意的”，be content with为固定搭配，意为“对……满意”；content也可以作动词，意为“使满足”，与he之间为被动关系，所以此处可以使用过去分词形式contented，be contented with意为“对……满意”符合语境。故填content/contented。 10. When Bob got ________(absorb) in his world of music, he felt as if he could “see” the beauty of the world around him, like he had in his previous life. 【答案】absorbed 【详解】考查非谓语。句意：当鲍勃沉浸在他的音乐世界里时，他感觉自己仿佛能“看见”周围世界的美好，就像他前世那样。分析句子可知，空格处考查固定搭配get absorbed in，意为“全神贯注于、沉浸在……中”。absorbed是过去分词作表语，此处表示状态，符合语境。故填absorbed。 易｜错｜点｜拨 现在分词与过去分词混淆：没有正确区分现在分词和过去分词作表语时的不同含义，导致误用。 The movie we watched last night was really exciting. (我们昨晚看的电影非常令人兴奋，“exciting” 描述电影让人产生兴奋的感觉) After a long day's work, I felt exhausted. (经过一天的长时间工作，我感到筋疲力尽，“exhausted” 描述 “我” 的感受和状态) ( 非谓语动词作宾语和补语 ) 知识点01非谓语动词作宾语 常跟不定式作宾语的动词：decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hope/wish, refuse, manage, volunteer, pretend, offer, promise, choose, plan, agree, ask/beg, help My English teacher promised to lend some books to me.我的英语老师答应借给我一些书。 We agreed to meet at the school gate.我们一致同意在校门口见面。 常常跟动名词做宾语的动词consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse/pardon ; admit, delay; put off, fancy; avoid, miss, keep; keep on, practise; deny,finish,enjoy;appreciate; forbid; imagine; risk; can’t help; mind; allow; permit; escape forbid, imagine, risk; She admitted making a mistake in the math exam.(她承认在数学考试中犯了一个错误) We should practice speaking English every day to improve our oral skills.(我们应该每天练习说英语来提高口语技能) 动词tell, show, understand, know, explain, teach, learn, advise等常接“疑问词+动词不定式”作宾语 Please tell me when to start the project. 请告诉我何时开始这个项目。 在某些动词如find，think，consider，feel，make，believe后，常用it作形式宾语，然后加宾语补足语，最后加不定式作真正的宾语。 We think it our duty to protect the environment. 我们认为保护环境是我们的责任。 【即时检测】 一、语法填空 1. It is said that David threatened ________(report) his neighbour if the damages were not paid. 【答案】to report 【详解】考查不定式。句意：据说如果不赔偿损失，大卫威胁要举报他的邻居。“threaten to do sth.”是固定短语，意为“威胁要做某事”。 故填to report。 2. Luckily, all our efforts have improved the river’s environment, helping to ________(breath) life into the finless porpoise(江豚) species. 【答案】breathe 【详解】考查动词、固定短语。句意：幸运的是，我们所有的努力都改善了河流的环境，帮助江豚这一物种恢复生机。分析句子可知，设空处应填动词原形和to构成动词不定式，作helping的宾语，breathe life into为固定短语，含义为“使……恢复生机”。故填breathe。 3. Even chimp mothers regularly decline ________(share) food with their children, who are able from a young age to gather their own food. 【答案】to share 【详解】考查不定式。句意：即使黑猩猩母亲也经常拒绝与它们的孩子分享食物，这些孩子从小就能自己觅食。根据句意可知此处应填不定式形式to share，decline to do...意为“拒绝做某事”，不定式作宾语。故填to share。 4. The firefighters managed ________(rescue) the boy from the burning building. 【答案】to rescue 【详解】考查不定式。句意：消防队员设法从燃烧的大楼里救出那个男孩。短语manage to do，意为“设法成功做到某事”，符合句意，不定式作宾语。故填to rescue。 5. She pretended ________(read) a book when the teacher entered the classroom. 【答案】to be reading 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：当老师走进教室时，她假装正在看书。结合“when the teacher entered the classroom”可知，此处应用pretend to be doing表示“假装正在做某事”。故填to be reading。 6. He stood in his backyard, watching stars, listening to dogs’ barks. Then his cell-phone started ________(vibrate). 【答案】vibrating 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他站在后院，看着星星，听着狗叫声。然后他的手机开始震动。start doing sth.表示“开始做某事”，强调动作的持续进行或逐渐发生，符合此处“手机(逐渐)开始震动”的语境，本空用vibrate“震动”的动名词，作宾语，故填vibrating。 7. My coach didn’t approve of me ________(drop) out of the match. 【答案】dropping 【详解】考查动名词。句意：我的教练不同意我退出比赛。approve of sb. doing sth.是固定短语，意为“同意某人做某事”，为动名词的复合结构作宾语，故填dropping。 8. While the weather was extremely bad, the soldiers and doctors didn’t delay ________(set) off for the flood-hit area. 【答案】setting 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管天气极其恶劣，士兵和医生们仍没有推迟出发前往洪涝灾区。set off为固定短语，意为“出发”；固定搭配delay doing sth.，表示“推迟做某事”；本空用set的动名词形式setting，作宾语。故填setting。 9. From the story, we learn that while independence is initially idealized and pursued passionately, true independence often involves ________(recognize) the value of collaboration and learning when to seek help. 【答案】recognizing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：从故事中我们领悟到，尽管独立最初常被理想化并充满热情地追求，但真正的独立往往意味着认识到协作的价值，并懂得何时需要寻求帮助。involve doing意为“包含/需要做某事”，因此用recognize“意识到”的动名词形式作宾语。故填recognizing。 10. The artist is fully employed in ________(appreciate) the masterpieces in the gallery. 【答案】appreciating 【详解】考查动名词。句意：这位艺术家专心致志地欣赏画廊里的名作。in是介词，空格处用动名词appreciating，作宾语。故填appreciating。 易｜错｜点｜拨 1.由“动词+介词”构成的短语，其后跟动名词作宾语，常见的有be/get used to (习惯于)，feel like (想要)，insist on (坚持)，get down to (开始)，devote...to...(致力于……)，object to (反对)，stick to (坚持)，give up (放弃)等。 With many reference materials in hand，he got down to writing his graduation thesis. 手头有许多参考资料，他开始写毕业论文。 2.下列动词或短语既可以接动名词作宾语，也可以接动词不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别： I meant to give you this book today，but I forgot. 我本来打算今天给你这本书的，可是我忘了。 Missing this train means waiting for another hour. 错过这辆火车意味着得再等一小时。 3. 在need，want，require等后表示被动意义，不定式要用被动语态，动名词不需要。 My bike needs to be repaired.＝My bike needs repairing.我的自行车需要修理。 知识点02非谓语动词作宾语补足语 (一)现在分词作补语 现在分词作补语 感官动词 常用于感官动词(see, watch, observe, notice, hear, smell, feel 等)后 。 I saw her dancing in the room. (我看见她正在房间里跳舞，“dancing” 表示 “她” 正在进行的动作，且 “她” 与 “跳舞” 是主动关系) 使役动词 常用于使役动词(have, keep, leave 等)后 。 Don't leave the water running while you brush your teeth. (刷牙时不要让水一直流着，“running” 体现水持续流动的状态，“水” 与 “流” 是主动关系) 固定搭配 catch sb. doing sth.(撞见某人正在做某事)”“find sb. doing sth. (发现某人正在做某事)” 。 The teacher caught the boy cheating in the exam.(老师发现那个男孩考试作弊) (二)过去分词作补语 过去分词作补语 感官动词 常用于感官动词(see, watch, observe, notice, hear, smell, feel等)后 。 When I entered the room, I found the window broken. (我进入房间时，发现窗户破了，“broken” 表明窗户是被打破的，存在被动关系) 使役动词 常用于使役动词(have, keep, leave等)后 。 I want to have my hair cut tomorrow. (我明天想剪头发，“hair” 与 “cut” 是被动关系) with + 宾语 + 过去分词 With the work done, we went home happily. (工作完成了，我们开心地回家了，“work” 和 “done” 是被动完成关系) (三)动词不定式作补语 动词不定式作补语 带 to 的不定式作补语 在一些动词(如 ask, tell, want, allow, encourage, advise等)后，用带 to 的不定式作宾语补足语，表示让某人去做某事 。 例句：My parents often encourage me to study hard. (我父母经常鼓励我努力学习，“me” 是宾语，“to study hard” 是宾语补足语) 不带 to 的不定式作补语 在使役动词(let, make, have)和感官动词(see, watch, hear, notice, feel 等)后，不定式作宾补时要省略to，但在被动语态中，to要还原 。 (主动语态)：The boss made the workers work 12 hours a day. (老板让工人们每天工作12小时，省略to) (被动语态)：The workers were made to work 12 hours a day by the boss. (工人们被老板要求每天工作12小时，to还原) 【即时检测】 一、语法填空 1. But my need for independence drove me ________(push) forward with my research plan. 【答案】to push 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：但我对独立性的需求促使我推进了我的研究计划。分析句子可知，句中涉及固定短语drive sb. to do sth.，意为“促使某人做某事”，空格处应用to push，不定式作宾语补足语。故填to push。 2. She required at the meeting that measures be taken to protect the environment which we rely on ________(live). 【答案】to live 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她在会议上要求采取措施来保护我们赖以生存的环境。which引导定语从句，指代the environment，rely on… to do意思为“依靠……做某事”，空处缺少不定式结构。故填to live。 3. The children were made ________(finish) their homework before watching TV. 【答案】to finish 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：孩子们被要求在看电视前完成他们的家庭作业。make sb. do sth.“使/要求某人做某事”是固定搭配，do为省略to的不定式作宾补，在被动语态中需将to加上，即sb. be made to do sth.，不定式作主语补足语。故填to finish。 4. We were made ________(wind) up the meeting as soon as possible. 【答案】to wind 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们被要求尽快结束会议。be made to do sth.为固定短语意为“被要求做某事”，此处使用不定式结构作主语补足语。故填to wind。 5. When she got home, she found her little brother ________(watch) cartoons on the sofa. 【答案】watching 【详解】考查动名词。句意：当她到家时，她发现她的小弟弟正在沙发上看动画片。空处为found的宾语补足语，和宾语her little brother之间是主动且进行的关系，应用现在分词。故填watching。 6. The teacher left the students ________(finish) their assignments independently.(用所给词的适当形式填空，结合leave短语) 【答案】finishing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：老师让学生独立完成作业。本句谓语为left，此处为非谓语动词，leave sb. doing sth.为固定短语，意为“让某人一直做某事”，finish“完成”和students为主动关系，应用现在分词，作宾语补足语。故填finishing。 7. But it can certainly keep me ________(entertain) while I wait for my wife to rescue me. 【答案】entertained 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：但在我等待妻子来救我的时候，它肯定能让我开心。空处作宾补，entertain和宾语me之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，用过去分词表被动，故填entertained。 8. Looking around, I found myself ________(surround) by a group of children full of curiosity. 【答案】surrounded 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：环顾四周，我发现自己被一群充满好奇心的孩子包围了。句中已有谓语动词found，故surround在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语myself构成被动关系，故用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填surrounded。 9. She wears those strange clothes just to get herself ________(notice). 【答案】noticed 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：她穿那些奇怪的衣服只是为了让自己被注意到。分析句子可知，此处为“get + 宾语 + 宾语补足语”结构，“herself”(她自己)与“notice”(注意到)之间是被动关系，即“她被别人注意到”，需用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填noticed。 10. The police found the lost child ________(take) care of by a kind-hearted old lady in the park. 【答案】taken 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：警察在公园里发现那个走失的孩子正被一位好心的老妇人照顾着。空处应为宾语补足语，补充说明宾语the lost child的状态，且the lost child与take care of之间为被动关系，所以此处应使用过去分词作宾语补足语；take的过去分词形式为taken。故填taken。 附录： 1. 后接动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词及动词短语 (1)有些动词或动词短语后接动词不定式作宾补，即“动词/动词短语+宾语+to do”。常见的这类动词或动词短语有： advise建议　allow 允许　ask 询问；要求　beg恳求　cause 导致　encourage 鼓励　permit准许　forbid 禁止　force 强迫　intend打算　invite 邀请　order 命令；要求　persuade说服　prefer 更喜欢　require 需要；要求　teach教　remind 提醒　tell 告诉　want想要　warn 警告　wish 希望；想要　wait for等待　call on 号召；要求　depend on 依靠　urge 催促；力劝 2.下列句型中常用动词不定式作主语补足语，它们是： sb be said/believed/known/reported/considered/thought+to do/to have done/to be done/to be doing/to have been done sth 3. 非谓语动词作感官动词(短语)、使役动词的宾补 (1)感官动词(短语)see, watch, observe, look at, notice, hear, listen to, feel的宾语补足语有四种形式，以see为例： see+宾语+ 2.使役动词make，let，have，get后接复合宾语的情况： ①make+宾语+ The teacher made some students stay in the classroom after school. 老师让一些学生放学后待在教室里。 He tried to make himself understood. 他尽量把自己的意思表达清楚。 3.let+宾语+ 4. have 的宾语补足语 have+宾语+ 5. get的宾语补足语 get+宾语+ 3. 动词leave，keep，find，catch后加非谓语动词作复合宾语的情况 (1)leave (2)keep (3)find ⇒ (4)catch sb doing sth撞见某人正在做某事 4. “with+宾语+宾补”结构 (1)with+名词/代词+现在分词，现在分词可表示主动和动作正在进行 (2)with+名词/代词+过去分词，过去分词可表示被动和动作已完成或表状态 (3)with+名词/代词+不定式，不定式表示动作尚未发生 易｜错｜点｜拨 1.“感官动词+宾语+省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语”在变为被动语态时需加to。 The thief was observed to enter the bank. (被动语态) 有人看见小偷进了银行。 2. “使役动词+宾语+省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语”在变为被动语态时也需加to。 He was made to work day and night, so he was very tired of the job. 他被迫日夜工作，所以他非常厌倦这项工作。 3.have sb doing sth用于否定句中，常与can’t，won’t等连用，表示“不能容忍某人做某事”。 基础通关(测试时间：10分钟) 一、单项选择 1. Even though she is an experienced driver, it takes her at least 40 minutes ________ through the crowded city streets. A. driving B. drive C. to drive D. driven 【答案】C 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管她是一名经验丰富的司机，但在拥挤的城市街道上开车至少要花40分钟。it是形式主语，空处使用动词不定式作真正的主语，it takes sb some time to do sth“某人花费多长时间做某事”，故选C。 2. The scientist claimed ________ a major breakthrough in medical research last year, but no evidence has been provided so far A. to make B. to have made C. to be making D. making 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：去年，科学家声称在医学研究上取得了重大突破，但至今未提供证据。动词claim后通常接不定式(to + verb)，表示“声称做某事”。当“声称”的动作发生在过去，而“声称的内容”(取得突破)发生在“声称”的动作之前时，需使用不定式的完成式(to have + 过去分词)来表达这种时间先后关系。故选B。 3. Flora thinks that teachers’ duty is ________ students and help them explore their interests. A. educating B. educated C. to educate D. educate 【答案】C 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：弗洛拉认为教师的职责是教育学生并帮助他们探索自己的兴趣。educate“教育”。本句中“that teachers’ duty is ________ students and help them explore their interests.”为thinks的宾语从句，从句中is是系动词，空格处及后面的内容是表语，主语是teachers’ duty，此处应用不定式作表语。故选C。 4. With extra time ________ before my dreaded appointment with my dentist, my grandmother dragged me into an ice-cream store. A. to spare B. sparing C. which spared D. being spared 【答案】A 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在去看牙医那令人害怕的预约前还有不少时间，奶奶硬是把我拽进了一家冰淇淋店。spare(剩余，剩下)作with复合结构中宾语补足语，用非谓语形式，与其逻辑主语“extra time”之间是主动关系，用不定式to spare表还未发生的事情。故选A项。 5. Tu Youyou was reported ________ the Nobel Prize in her seventies after working hard bit by bit for a long time. A. to award B. awarding C. to have been awarded D. being awarded 【答案】C 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：据报道，屠呦呦在七十多岁时，经过长期一点一滴的努力，获得了诺贝尔奖。此处为固定句型“主语+be reported to do sth.”，其中不定式作主语补足语，结合句意，award发生在was reported之前，所以此处使用不定式的完成式，且award与逻辑主语Tu Youyou之间是被动关系，所以此处使用不定式的完成式的被动式。故选C。 6. ________ from errors and what went wrong in the previous research studies will go a long way to ________ for excellence. A. Learning... someone struggling B. To learn... being struggled C. To learn... someone being struggled D. Learning... struggling 【答案】A 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：从错误中和在之前的研究中出错的地方吸取教训，对于追求卓越的人来说将有很大的帮助。句子主语是“________ from errors and what went wrong in the previous research studies”，动词learn应该用动名词形式learning，句首单词，首字母大写；用someone作介词to的宾语，struggle“奋斗”与逻辑主语someone之间是主动关系，故要用现在分词形式struggling，作后置定语。故选A。 7. After several months of professional training, they were made used ________ the machine. A. to operating on B. to operate C. to operating D. to operate on 【答案】C 【详解】考查介词和动名词。句意：经过几个月的专业训练，他们已经习惯操作这台机器了。be used to“习惯于……”to是介词，其后接operate的动名词形式作宾语，且operate“操作”是及物动词，后面直接跟宾语。综上，故选C。 8. What worried the child most was ________ to visit his brother in hospital. A. his not being allowed B. his not allowing C. his being not allowed D. having not been allowed 【答案】A 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：让这个孩子最担心的是他不被允许去医院看望他的哥哥。该句中What worried the child most是主语从句，was是系动词，所以此处为非谓语动词作表语，结合句意，此处描述的是抽象，一般性的行为，所以使用动名词形式，结合句意，allow与the child之间是被动关系，所以要用动名词的被动形式being allowed，动名词的否定是在其前加 not，所以being allowed的否定形式是“not being allowed”，his是动名词的逻辑主语，构成动名词的复合结构“his not being allowed”，表示“他不被允许”。故选A项。 9. The terrible news was that the new virus ________ among animals was starting to infect human beings. A. was spreading B. spread C. spreading D. was spread 【答案】C 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：糟糕的消息是，在动物中传播的新病毒开始感染人类了。“(spread) among animals”作后置定语，spread(传播)用非谓语形式，与其逻辑主语the new virus之间是主动关系，且表示正在发生的动作，应用现在分词形式。故选C项。 10. Some psychologists suggest that when ________ with a difficult task, one could improve his performance when mentally imagining himself ________ well. A. facing; performing B. faced; performing C. faced; to perform D. facing; having performed 【答案】B 【详解】考查状语从句中的省略、非谓语动词。句意：一些心理学家建议，当面对一项困难的任务时，一个人如果在心理上想象自己表现良好，就能提高自己的表现。当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时或从句主语为it时，可以省略状语从句的主语和be动词。故“when ________ with a difficult task”为时间状语从句的省略形式，完整形式为when one is ________(face) with a difficult task，be faced with“面对”为固定短语，第一空用过去分词faced。imagine sb doing sth为固定短语，意为“想象某人做某事”，第二空应用perform“表现”的现在分词performing，作宾补。故选B。 11. The students get ________ before 6 a.m. everyday. A. dressing B. dressed C. to be dressed D. dress 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：学生们每天早上6点前穿好衣服。dress和主语The students之间是被动关系，使用过去分词作表语，故选B。 12. They hurried back home only to find their house ________ into. A. breaking B. broken C. has broken D. being broken 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他们匆忙赶回家，却发现自己的房子被人闯入了。句中find sth done为固定结构，此处their house与break之间是被动关系，使用过去分词作宾补。故选B。 13. The old man likes to sleep with the windows ________. A. closing B. close C. closed D. to close 【答案】C 【详解】考查with的复合结构。句意：这位老人喜欢关着窗户睡觉。本句谓语为likes，此处为with的复合结构，且the windows与close“关”为被动关系，应用过去分词，作宾语补足语。故选C。 重难突破(测试时间：10分钟) 一、完成句子 1. I’m sorry to hear that you are having difficulty in making friends.(句型转换 it作形式主语) →________________________________________________________________ 【答案】It’s a pity to hear that you are having difficulty in making friends. 【详解】考查it用法。句意：听说你在交朋友方面有困难，我感到很遗憾。根据语境，此处表达“听到你在交朋友方面有困难我很遗憾”，原句I’m sorry to hear...核心语义是表达遗憾、惋惜，所以转换时可以用固定句型It’s a pity to do something，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式。故填It’s a pity to hear that you are having difficulty in making friends. 2. Tom pretended that he hadn’t heard about the news, but in fact he knew it very well last week. → Tom ________________________________ about the news, but in fact he knew it very well last week.(pretend to have done) 【答案】pretended not to have heard 【详解】考查固定搭配和非谓语动词。句意：汤姆假装没听说这个消息，但实际上他上周就知道了。空格处表示“假装没有做某事”用pretend not to do表示，根据原句中pretended可知，应该用一般过去时；此处hear的动作发生在谓语动词pretend之前，所以应该用不定式的完成式作宾语。故填pretended not to have heard。 3. My advice as someone who has made it to 90 is to seize the day. Don’t waste any opportunities. (合并为一句) My advice as someone who has made it to 90 is to seize the day and ________ ________ waste any opportunities. 【答案】not to 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：作为一个活到90岁的人，我的建议是抓住每一天，不要浪费任何机会。空处和不定式“to seize the day”并列作表语，应用动词不定式形式，说明主语advice的内容，且表示否定，故填①not②to。 4. Can we persuade her out of carrying out the foolish plan? (句型转换) →Can we ________________________________ the foolish plan? 【答案】persuade her not to carry out 【详解】考查动词短语。句意：我们能说服她放弃执行那个愚蠢的计划吗？原句中“persuade sb. out of doing sth.”表示“说服某人不做某事”，其同义结构为“persuade sb. not to do sth.”，因此，此处应填persuade her not to carry out，其中不定式结构作宾补，保持原句语义不变且符合语法规则。故填persuade her not to carry out。 5. They make the temples and lakes look more attractive. (改为被动语态) The temples and lakes ________ ________ ________ look more attractive by them. 【答案】are made to 【详解】考查被动语态。句意：它们使寺庙和湖泊看起来更有吸引力。原句是一般现在时，改为被动语态时，其结构是“am/is/are + 动词的过去分词”，主语“The temples and lakes”是复数，be动词用are，make的过去分词是made；make在主动语态中接省略to的不定式作宾语补足语，但在被动语态中，要加上不定式符号to。故填①are；②made；③to。 6. What matters most is to keep a positive attitude. (改写为简单句或其他句式) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Keeping a positive attitude matters most. 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：最重要的是保持积极的态度。题干要求改写为简单句或其他句式，可将“保持积极的态度”作为句子主语，使用动名词形式作主语，matter作谓语，原句使用一般现在时，时态不变，动名词短语作主语，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式matters，most不变。故答案为Keeping a positive attitude matters most. 7. We suspected that he suffered from an infectious disease. →We suspected him ________________________________________________________________. 【答案】of suffering from an infectious disease 【详解】考查动词短语搭配和动名词。句意：我们怀疑他患有传染病。原句为“suspect + that从句”结构，其中that为宾语从句，可转为“suspect sb. of doing sth.”结构，其中doing为动名词作介词of的宾语， 二者均为suspect的常见搭配，均表示“怀疑某人做某事”，故将that从句中的动词suffered变为动名词suffering，并使用of连接，其它部分保持不变。故填of suffering from an infectious disease。 8. What worries me most is that she stays up too late every night.(用动词-ing 形式作表语改写) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】What worries me most is her staying up too late every night./What worries me most is staying up too late every night for her. 【详解】考查动名词作表语。句意：最让我担心的是她每晚都熬夜到很晚。将原句的表语从句改成动名词作表语。将“stays up”变成动名词。将she变成her，her为逻辑主语。改成What worries me most is her staying up too late every night。或者her作宾语，变成What worries me most is staying up too late every night for her。故填What worries me most is her staying up too late every night./What worries me most is staying up too late every night for her. 9. Because the old professor was respected by everyone, he decided to make great contributions to the country. →________________________________, the old professor decided to make great contributions to the country. (with复合结构) 【答案】With everyone respecting him 【详解】考查with复合结构。句意：因为这位老教授受到所有人的尊敬，他决定为国家做出巨大贡献。原句中“Because the old professor was respected by everyone”是原因状语从句，改写为with复合结构时，“with +宾语+宾补”中，宾语为everyone，everyone与respect是主动关系，所以用现在分词respecting作宾补，其宾语为him指代“the old professor”。故填With everyone respecting him。 10. The man seems to be tired. (改写为用过去分词作表语的句子) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The man seems tired. 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：这个人似乎很累。原句中 “to be tired” 可直接改写为 “tired”，用过去分词作表语，描述 “man” 的状态。故填：The man seems tired. 11. As we passed by, we found that the window was broken by a naughty boy. (句型转换) As we passed by, we found the window ________ by a naughty boy. 【答案】broken 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：当我们经过时，我们发现窗户被一个淘气的男孩打破了。we found that the window was broken by a naughty boy.为宾语从句，本句可转化为“find sb +done”的结构，过去分词作宾语补足语。故填broken。 易混易错(测试时间：10分钟) 一、选词填空 1. It took the surgeon three hours ________________ my mother’s lung surgery. (to perform, performed, performing) 【答案】to perform 【详解】考查固定句型和非谓语动词。句意：外科医生花了三个小时给我母亲做肺部手术。根据句意和句中的It took the surgeon three hours可知，此处考查固定句型“It takes somebody+ 时间 + to do sth”，表示“做某事花费了某人多少时间”其中，it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式。故填to perform。 2. He has made it a daily routine ________________ his grandparents on his way back home.(to visit, visiting, visited) 【答案】to visit 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他已将定期看望祖父母作为回家路上的一项日常活动。此处为make it n. to do sth.，不定式作真正宾语，故to visit。 3. As a cross-border doctor, my primary mission was ________ all those African patients. (to save, being saved, to be saved) A. to save B. being saved C. save D. to be saved 【答案】to save 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：作为一名跨境医生，我的首要任务是拯救所有非洲病人。分析句子结构可知，句子的主语是my primary mission，was是系动词，后面需要用不定式作表语来补充说明主语的内容。逻辑主语与save之间为主动关系，所以用不定式的主动形式。故填to save。 4. ________(seeing, seen, To see) people around him ________ (to fail, failing, failed, fail) to find a satisfactory job, he felt hopeless and decided to quit from the job market. 【答案】Seeing; fail 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：看到周围的人都找不到满意的工作，他感到绝望，决定退出就业市场。第一空为非谓语动词作状语，与逻辑主语he是主动关系，应使用现在分词形式Seeing；第二空为“see sb. do sth.”是固定搭配，表示“看到某人做某事，强调动作的全过程或经常发生”，此处“周围的人找不到工作”是他看到的完整情况，应用动词原形fail。 5. People should, ideally, be persuaded ________ a diet with much less fat or oil. (to eat, eaten, being eating) 【答案】to eat 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：理想情况下，应该说服人们食用脂肪或油含量更低的食物。“persuade sb. to do sth.”是固定用法，表示“说服某人做某事”，本题中使用了其被动语态“sb. be persuaded to do sth.”，用不定式作主语补足语。故填 to eat。 6. ________ children, despite parents’ efforts to refrain from it, is common and can cause damage to children’s self-esteem, contrary to the wish to bring out their potential and capabilities. (Comparing, Having compared) 【答案】Comparing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管他们努力避免这样做，父母比较孩子这种行为却很普遍，并且可能对孩子的自尊心造成伤害，这与他们希望激发孩子潜力和能力的愿望背道而驰。 “(compare) children”作为主语，用动名词comparing作主语。故填Comparing。 7. The singer was often seen to practice ________ songs near the woods three years ago. (singing, to sing) 【答案】singing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：三年前，人们经常看到这位歌手在树林附近练习唱歌。practice doing sth.为固定搭配，表示“练习做某事”，所以此处应用动名词形式作宾语。故填singing。 8. Her job is ________(nursing, to nurse) patients in the hospital; but this weekend her task is  ________(looking, to look) after her granny. 【答案】nursing; to look 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她的工作是在医院里护理病人；但是这个周末她的任务是照顾她的奶奶。第一空，表示经常发生的一般性行为，应用动名词作表语；第二空根据上文this weekend可知，表示具体的，还未发生的动作，应用不定式作表语。故填nursing, to look。 9. She remained ________ though we repeatedly asked her to sit down. (to stand, standing, to be standing) 【答案】standing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管我们三番五次地叫她坐下，她仍然站着。此处为短语remain doing，该短语中的doing动作常为延续性动词，静态动词，表示动作一直在持续或进行。且she与stand为主动关系，故用现在分词形式作表语。故选C。 10. With life ________ of ups and downs, it is not always easy to maintain a good and enthusiastic attitude. (being consisted; consisting) 【答案】consisting 【详解】考查with的复合结构。句意：生活充满起起落落，要始终保持积极热情的态度并非易事。此处为“with+宾语+宾补”结构，作状语；consist of表示“由……组成”，无被动语态，宾语life与consist of之间为主动关系，应用现在分词形式consisting of作宾语补足语；“由……组成”也可表达为be made up of，作宾语补足语，用过去分词made up of。故填consisting 。 11. The window is ________. We need to repair it. (broken, to break, breaking) 【答案】broken 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：句意：窗户坏了，我们需要维修。句子时态为一般现在时，主语 window是单数；broken 是过去分词作表语，描述 window 的状态。故选 broken。 12. The tourists were eager ________(to view, viewing) the magnificent waterfall and then had their pictures ________(taking, taken) against it. 【答案】to view; taken 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：游客们渴望观赏壮观的瀑布，然后以瀑布为背景拍照。“be eager to do sth.”为固定搭配，意为“渴望做某事”，第一个空应填“to view”，表示游客们渴望观赏瀑布；“have sth. done”为固定搭配，意为“让某事被做”，第二个空应填过去分词taken，作宾语补足语，表示让他们的照片被拍摄，即“以瀑布为背景拍照”。故填to view, taken。 链接高考(测试时间：15分钟) 1.(2025年新课标Ⅰ卷)We hope ________(present)the rather abstract Go game and AI in a visual context, and initiate dialogues with minimalist art, conceptual art and expressionism. 【答案】to present 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们希望在一个视觉语境中呈现相当抽象的围棋游戏和人工智能，并与极简主义艺术、观念艺术和表现主义展开对话。本句谓语为hope，此处为非谓语动词，hope to do sth.“希望做某事”，所以此处需用动词present“呈现”的不定式，作宾语。故填to present。 2.(2025年1月浙江卷)I know that doesn’t always mean ________(return) a dress on the Monday after a special weekend, 【答案】returning [解析] 考查非谓语动词。根据句意“这并不总是意味着周一归还衣服”可知，应使用固定搭配mean doing sth.，表示“意味着做某事”，return在此用动名词形式，作动词mean的宾语，故填returning。 3.(2025年北京卷) I sometimes call him back, worried that he might have someone ________(scare). 【答案】scared [解析]考查非谓语动词。句意：我有时会把他叫回来，担心他可能会吓到别人。have sb. done表示“使某人被……”，someone与scare之间是被动关系，即某人被吓到，用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填scared。 4.(2024新课标Ⅰ卷)These sepals open on warm days ________(give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. 【答案】to give 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：温室在温暖日子里开放，利用液压系统为内部植物提供阳光和通风。use sth. to do sth.为固定搭配，表示“使用某物去做某事”，所以空处应用动词不定式形式作宾语补足语。故填to give。 5.(2024全国甲卷)Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend ________(catch)our attention because of their large size and variety. 【答案】to catch 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管村子任何层级的各种规模和类型的公园，但特别是国家公园，由于其规模大、种类多，往往会引起我们的注意。固定搭配：tend to do sth.，表示“倾向于做某事”，不定式作宾语，故填to catch。 6.(2023年全国乙卷)I have spent the last two years ________ (record) everything I discovered. 【答案】recording 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：作为一名摄影师，我花了两年时间记录我发现的一切。spend time (in) doing sth.花费时间做某事。这里为非谓语动词担当宾语，用动名词形式。故填recording。 7.(2023新高考全国Ⅰ卷)To eat one, you have to decide whether ________(bite) a small hole in it first, 【答案】to bite 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：吃小笼包的时候，你必须要决定是先咬一个小口流出汤汁，还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里，让热汤在舌头上爆炸。decide to do sth.“决定做某事”，用不定式作宾语，空处与后面to put并列作宾语，故填to bite。 8.(2023新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them ________(lift) out of the steamer basket without allowing them tearing or spilling any of their contents. 【答案】to be lifted 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：除了南翔，最好的小笼包有一个精致的，可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来，而不会撕裂或溢出里面的东西。根据搭配allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”可知，空格需用动词不定式作宾语补足语，补足语lift out与宾语them(指代小笼包)是逻辑上的动宾关系，空格需填动词不定式的被动式to be lifted。故填to be lifted。 9.(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)But that’s how nature is—always leaving us ________(astonish).  【答案】astonished。 【解析】考查非谓语动词。结合句意“使我们非常惊讶”可知,空格处应为宾语us的补足语,说明宾语的状态“感到惊讶的”,故用过去分词形式。 10.(2021·全国甲卷)It is possible ________(walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.  【答案】to walk。 【解析】考查非谓语动词。It is possible to do sth.为固定搭配,意为“做某事是可能的”,故填to walk。 11.(2021·全国甲卷)After ________(spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what better than to ride on a piece of history!  【答案】spending。 【解析】考查非谓语动词。在介词after后用动词的-ing形式,spend与其逻辑主语we之间是主动关系,故填spending。 【易错误区】spent还是spending (1)误导原因:因为有些同学认为spend这一动作发生在过去,所以用一般过去时。 (2)去伪存真:此处是after后面接动词的形式,after/before后面接动词时,只能接doing/being done。如果此处After后面有we,此处只能填spent作谓语。 12.(2021·全国乙卷·)Actually, a true eco-friendly trip must meet the following principles: ·Minimize the impact of　　 ________(visit) the place.  【答案】visiting。 【解析】考查非谓语动词。考查of+doing。of是介词,所以后面搭配visiting。 13.(2022年1月浙江卷) Through touch, the one thing gallery signs tell you not ________(do). John Olson, a former photographer and his team turn paintings into fully textured 3D models. 【答案】to do。 【解析】考查不定式。句意：通过触摸，这是画廊招牌告诉你不要做的一件事。tell sb not to do sth“告诉某人不要做某事”为固定短语。故填to do。 2 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $