专题07 阅读表达（期中真题汇编，北京专用）高二英语上学期

专题07 阅读表达 主题01 人与自我——个人经历 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·北京人大附中·期中） It wasn’t long after I finished high school that I assured my parents they needn’t worry about my expenses anymore. I was determined to live independently and make them proud. My goal was to secure a job immediately after graduation and contribute financially to my family. With dreams of a bright future dancing in my eyes, I began applying for courses with scholarships and jobs in my field of interest. However, due to financial and medical setbacks, I faced nothing but rejections. Undeterred, I persisted in my applications, only to be turned down each time. After numerous attempts, I reluctantly abandoned my initial dreams and ambitions, deciding to switch to another field. My sole objective became to complete my studies as quickly as possible, and so, on my friends’ advice, I chose to study tourism. In parallel, I continued to apply for jobs, but was consistently denied due to being too young or because I wanted to study alongside working. While my peers were securing good positions, I struggled to make ends meet and had to ask my parents for financial support. People began to ridicule me, saying things like. “You can’t do anything,” or “You’re still living off your parents while others your age are standing on their own two feet.” I nearly lost hope, but my parents always reassured me of their pride, regardless of whether I had a job or not. They believed things would turn around and knew I was doing my best. After six months of relentless effort, I finally landed a job with, the Ministry of Tourism. My father’s words came true and my life took a turn for the better, I accomplished things I never thought possible, from diving and traveling to resorts and islands within our country. After nine months of working there, my dream of traveling abroad came true. Today, I am in Europe, studying on a scholarship and having visited eight different countries so far. Interestingly, the parents of those who once mocked me now hold me up as an example to their own children. I am incredibly fortunate and grateful for my loving and supportive parents; without their encouragement, I would not have achieved any of this. Their faith in me was the driving force that helped me overcome adversity and realize my potential. 1．What was the author’s goal right after graduating from high school? 2．Why did the author choose to study tourism? 3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. When people laughed at me, I nearly lost hope, but my parents believed I was doing my best and asked me to accept what I was. 4．Please introduce one of your experiences of getting family support when you were faced with difficulties. (In about 40 words) Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·北京顺义一中·期中） It was a dark and stormy night. The ferocious wind shook the windows wildly, as though someone outside were beating on the glass. It was also New Year's Eve. We were having our annual party just starting to celebrate. Suddenly, we heard loud explosions (爆炸声) . Looking outside and up into the hills, we saw sparks (火花) flying from electrical transformers (变压器). One area after another went dark up in those hills. Then there was the loudest explosion of them all and our house went dark too. I tried to find every candle we had and lit them. The candles made everything look lovely. But we had problems. We had fifteen people standing around and we still had to cook dinner. How would we do that without electricity? The barbecue! Why not cook on the barbecue? We men went outside, some holding flashlights and others cooking. We did a wonderful job. The women stayed inside and got the salads ready. Everything was delicious. There were still a few hours to go before the beginning of the new year, so we all sat around the dining room table and sang up until a few minutes before midnight. We couldn't watch the ball drop in Times Square on television but that wouldn't stop us from celebrating. I stood on a chair and, with the help of someone's watch to tell us the time, we all counted down and I dropped a tennis ball! We all screamed Happy New Year. We didn't need electricity for that! Nowadays, we still get together with the same group to celebrate the New Year and we still talk about that special night. I don't think we have ever laughed so much as we did on that New Year's Eve. 5．What were the people doing to celebrate the New Year? 6．What made dinner preparation difficult according to Paragraph 2? 7．Where did they cook dinner that night? 8．What does the author think of that particular New Year's Eve? Passage 3 （24-25学年高二上·北京八一学校·期中） Leonardo Da Vinci was a genius: wildly imaginative, passionately curious and creative across multiple disciplines — painting, architecture, aeronautics, and engineering. Yet oddly the word “genius” minimizes him by making it seem as if he were touched by lightning. His early biographer made this mistake: “Sometimes, in a supernatural fashion, a single person is gifted by heaven with beauty, grace, and talent in such abundance that seems that his every act is divine (天赐的).” In fact, the self-taught Leonardo’s genius was shaped by his own will and ambition. It did not come from being the divine recipient, like Newton or Einstein. Part of what made Leonardo a genius, what set him apart from people who are merely extraordinarily smart, was creativity. His talent for combining observation with fantasy allowed him to make unexpected leaps that related things seen to things unseen. Leonardo was also a very human genius. He made mistakes. He left a trail of unfinished projects, flying machines that never flew, tanks that never rolled. “Tell me if ever I did a thing... Tell me if anything was ever made.” His flawed humanity makes Leonardo more accessible. Even though we may never be able to match his talents, we can learn from him and try to be more like him. His life offers a wealth of lessons. Seek knowledge for its own sake. Not all knowledge needs to be useful. Sometimes it should be pursued for pure pleasure. Leonardo did not need to know how heart valves work to paint the Mona Lisa, nor did he need to figure out how fossils got to the top of mountains to produce Virgin of the Rocks. By allowing himself to be driven by pure curiosity, he got to explore more horizons and sec more connections. Keep a childlike sense of wonder. At a certain point in life, most of us quit puzzling over everyday phenomena. We might savor the beauty of a blue sky, but we no longer bother to wonder why it is that color. Leonardo did. Be curious, observe things, see things unseen, respect facts, be open to mystery…We can never learm enough from Leonardo. 9．What set Da Vinci apart from people who are merely extraordinarily smart? 10．Why was Da Vinci regarded as a very human genius? 11．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Da Vinci’s life offers us a wealth of lessons, one of which is to seek useful knowledge. 12．Which quality of Da Vinci’s do you appreciate most? How can it benefit you in your life? (In about 40 words) 主题02 人与自我——学校生活 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·北京广渠门中学·期中） In a growing number of school districts across America, students must wear a uniform. According to the US Department of Education, wearing a uniform can maintain discipline and help schools recognize those who come to the school illegally. Schools claim that when students come in uniform, it improves discipline and leads to academic gains. However, students protested the decision. A more important question is whether there is any evidence to show that mandatory (强制的) uniform policies can lead to improved student outcomes. A 2003 study that used a large national data set concluded that elementary and middle schools with school uniforms had fewer student behavior problems. But it found that high schools had a greater frequency of misbehavior. Interestingly, even when evidence is available, educators could take the opposite view. For example, a study of educators in 38 North Carolina high schools found that 61% of the school masters believed that there was a reduction in cases of misbehavior on campus when school uniforms were introduced. In reality, the data showed no change in incidents of suspensions (停学) and other problems. Similarly, research on the effectiveness of school uniforms on increasing student attendance and achievement is confusing. For example, one study concluded that school uniforms resulted in increased student achievement and increased attendance. However, another study found little impact on academics at all levels and little evidence of improvement in attendance for girls and drop in attendance for boys. So, what does lack of consistent research mean for policy? In my view, it does not mean that schools should not carry out such policies. It does mean, however, that educators must be clear about the goals that they hope to achieve. Decreased discipline problems, increased attendance and academic achievement may not be achieved just by wearing uniforms. But there may be other benefits, for instance, it could help a school promote its brand through a uniform look. School uniforms may also serve as a symbol of commitment to academic achievement. 13．Why are students required to wear school uniforms in America? __________________________________________________________________________ 14．What are the findings of the 2003 study? __________________________________________________________________________ 15．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Some studies showed wearing school uniforms helped improve students' performance, but other studies found no consistent results, so schools should stop the school uniform policy. __________________________________________________________________________ 16．What do you think of wearing school uniforms? Explain your reasons. (In about 40 words) __________________________________________________________________________ 主题01 人与社会——科普知识 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·北京八中·期中） When Eugenie George first heard that her friend passed the accountant exam, her heart sank. She’d failed that test weeks earlier, and needed the certificate to advance her own career. “My inner child got upset,” recalls George. But then, she called her friend. “I told her I failed and admitted I was envious,” she says. Being frank shifted her attitude, and she was surprised to realize she could share her friend’s happiness and experience her own, in turn. “I congratulated my friend and told her she inspired me,” George says. This is what scientists called freudenfreude, meaning finding pleasure in another person’s success, even if it doesn’t directly involve us. Freudenfreude is like social glue, says Catherine Chambliss, a professor of psychology at Ursinus College. It makes relationships “close and more enjoyable.” A study in 2021 examined freudenfreude’s role in daily life and found that it could improve life satisfaction and even help people co-operate during a conflict. While the benefits of freudenfreude are plentiful, it doesn’t always come easily. If you were raised in a family that paired winning with self-worth, Chambliss says, you might misread someone else’s victory as your own personal shortcoming. Besides, mental health can also affect your ability to participate in someone else’s joy. Negative emotions like anger or dislike may lead to the opposite of freudenfreude. Luckily, the ability of freudenfreude can be exercised. To help people strengthen joy-sharing muscles, Chambliss and her colleagues developed a programme called Freudenfreude Enhancement Training practices. They found that depressed students who used the practices for two weeks had an easier time expressing freudenfreude, which enhanced their relationships and improved their moods. Given that, having freudenfreude is beneficial and it is worthwhile to explore ways to encourage the feeling. 17．According to scientists, what is freudenfreude? 18．What impact does freudenfreude have on daily life? 19．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Freudenfreude doesn’t always come easily, and it is affected by your family environment and physical health. 20．Besides George’s experience mentioned in the passage, please describe one of your experiences of freudenfreude. (In about 40 words) Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·北京第八十中学·期中） Is it better for our bodies to work out at certain times of the day? Scientists have known for some time that every tissue in our bodies contains a kind of biological clock that goes off in response to messages related to our daily exposure to light, food and sleep. However, whether and how exercise timing might influence metabolic (新陈代谢的) health has been less clear, and the results of past experiments have not always agreed. A much-discussed 2019 study found that men with Type 2 diabetes (糖尿病) who completed a few minutes of high-intensity interval (间隔) sessions in the afternoon improved their blood-sugar control after two weeks. Patrick Schrauwen, a professor of nutrition and movement sciences read that 2019 study with interest. He had been studying exercise in people with Type 2 diabetes, but had not considered the possible role of timing. Now, seeing the varying impacts of the intense workouts, he wondered if the timing of workouts might similarly affect how the workouts changed people’s metabolisms. Incidentally, he and his colleagues had a ready-made source of data in their own prior experiment. Several years earlier, they had asked adult men at high risk for Type 2 diabetes to ride stationary bicycles at the lab three times a week for 12 weeks, while the researchers tracked their metabolic health. They also had noted when the riders showed up for their workouts. The researchers pulled data for the 12 men who consistently had worked out between 8 and 10 a.m. and compared them with another 20 who always exercised between 3 and 6 p.m. They found that the benefits of afternoon workouts far outweighed those of morning exercise. He says, “This study does suggest that afternoon exercise may be more beneficial for people with disturbed metabolisms than the same exercise done earlier. The particular and most effective exercise for each of us will line up with our daily routines and exercise tendencies because exercise is good for us at any time of day—but only if we choose to keep doing it.” 21．What inspired Professor Schrauwen to carry out the research related to the timing of workouts? ____________________________________________________________________ 22．What did Schrauwen’s new study figure out? ____________________________________________________________________ 23．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Professor Schrauwen and his colleagues carried out the research by using the newly-collected data and making comparisons between two different subject groups. ____________________________________________________________________ 24．When do you think is the best time for you to exercise? Why? (about 40 words) ____________________________________________________________________ 主题02 人与自我——方法与哲理 Passage 1 The Path to Success （24-25学年高二上·北京101中·期中） Success is a concept that holds different meanings for different people. For some, it may be the accumulation of wealth, while for others, it could mean achieving career milestones or academic excellence. There are also those who see success as leading a happy life, having a harmonious family, or maintaining good relationships with others. Therefore, success does not have a universal standard; its definition varies from person to person. However, despite the various interpretations of success, certain qualities and approaches are shared by those who succeed. One key trait is perseverance. Achieving any significant accomplishment requires time and effort. Many successful people stand out not because they never faced setbacks, but because they did not give up when faced with difficulties. For example, Thomas Edison, the famous inventor, encountered thousands of failures before finally inventing the light bulb. Had he not possessed the spirit of perseverance, the invention of the light bulb might have been late for many years. Another crucial factor is setting clear goals since a well-defined goal provides direction and helps people stay focused on their pursuits. Psychological studies have shown a strong correlation between goal setting and the feeling of achievement. When people establish specific, realistic goals and work diligently towards them, their chances of success greatly increase. For instance, athletes who aim to improve their performance by setting small, achievable targets often experience greater progress than those who only dream of winning big competitions without a clear plan. In addition, continuous learning and adaptability play essential roles in achieving success. The modern world is developing rapidly, with new knowledge and technologies emerging constantly. Only those who keep learning and updating their skills can stay competitive in such a fast-paced environment. Take the example of successful entrepreneurs: many of them attribute their achievements to their ability to learn from mistakes and adapt to changing market demands. While hard work, goal setting, and lifelong learning are significant, it is also important to admit the role of luck in success. Sometimes, being in the right place at the right time can open doors that were otherwise closed. However, luck alone is not enough; it must be combined with preparation and effort to truly make a difference. In conclusion, success is a multifaceted concept influenced by a variety of factors. While the definition of success may differ from one person to another, perseverance, clear goal setting, and continuous learning are universally acknowledged as essential traits for achieving it. By embracing these principles and remaining open to change, anyone can increase their chances of reaching their version of success. 25．Why is setting clear goals a crucial factor for success? 26．According to the passage, which essential elements are universally acknowledged to achieve success?(List two) 27．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. > Many successful entrepreneurs who can stay competitive in such a fast-paced environment think their achievements are a result of their perseverance. 28．Do you agree with the statement “Luck plays a role in success”? Why or why not? Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·北京交大附中·期中） Fashion’s Melt Down Throwaway culture is trashing the planet - but one young chemical engineer has her own way to turn it over. Fast fashion has changed the way we dress. We buy more clothes, more often - but we wear them less. Alina Bassi, founder of Kleiderly, wants to give our clothing waste another chance at a useful life. Bassi has always cared about the threat of climate change, but she actually started her career in the oil industry. After a few years, she landed at bio-bean, a startup that turned waste coffee grounds into products that could be burnt for heat and fuel. After a year, Bassi was keen to branch out - used coffee grounds are not the biggest threat facing the planet. Instead, she poured her efforts into tackling a much bigger global polluter: the fashion industry. According to the Ellen MacArthur Foundation, we produce 100 billion items of clothing per year, and this is set to double by 2050. But they don’t last long enough to offset (抵消) the carbon cost of producing the material, creating the clothes, and then shipping them to customers. “It makes no sense that we have such a high carbon footprint for something so short-lived.” Bassi says. Using the principles of a circular economy, Bassi has developed a low-energy, multi-stage process to turn clothing fibres into an alternative to oil-based plastic. This new plastic can then be used by manufacturers in their existing machines, so that your old T-shirts and jeans will become different products instead of clothes, such as clothing hangers, or even furniture. Fashion companies have some other ways to reduce fashion waste, from creating clothes designed to last, to recycling the fabric to make more clothing. But “a problem this big needs multiple solutions,” Bassi says. “We think about the multiple lives of a product and how we can keep reusing it instead of letting it fall into landfills or incinerators (焚化炉),” she says. 29．Why did Bassi switch her focus to the fashion industry? 30．How did she tackle the problems caused by the fashion industry? 31．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ·Kleiderly can change old jackets and trousers into a new material, which can be used to make more clothing. 32．Please briefly present your own solution (s) to the throwaway problem in daily life. (about 40 words) / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题07 阅读表达 主题01 人与自我——个人经历 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·北京人大附中·期中） It wasn’t long after I finished high school that I assured my parents they needn’t worry about my expenses anymore. I was determined to live independently and make them proud. My goal was to secure a job immediately after graduation and contribute financially to my family. With dreams of a bright future dancing in my eyes, I began applying for courses with scholarships and jobs in my field of interest. However, due to financial and medical setbacks, I faced nothing but rejections. Undeterred, I persisted in my applications, only to be turned down each time. After numerous attempts, I reluctantly abandoned my initial dreams and ambitions, deciding to switch to another field. My sole objective became to complete my studies as quickly as possible, and so, on my friends’ advice, I chose to study tourism. In parallel, I continued to apply for jobs, but was consistently denied due to being too young or because I wanted to study alongside working. While my peers were securing good positions, I struggled to make ends meet and had to ask my parents for financial support. People began to ridicule me, saying things like. “You can’t do anything,” or “You’re still living off your parents while others your age are standing on their own two feet.” I nearly lost hope, but my parents always reassured me of their pride, regardless of whether I had a job or not. They believed things would turn around and knew I was doing my best. After six months of relentless effort, I finally landed a job with, the Ministry of Tourism. My father’s words came true and my life took a turn for the better, I accomplished things I never thought possible, from diving and traveling to resorts and islands within our country. After nine months of working there, my dream of traveling abroad came true. Today, I am in Europe, studying on a scholarship and having visited eight different countries so far. Interestingly, the parents of those who once mocked me now hold me up as an example to their own children. I am incredibly fortunate and grateful for my loving and supportive parents; without their encouragement, I would not have achieved any of this. Their faith in me was the driving force that helped me overcome adversity and realize my potential. 1．What was the author’s goal right after graduating from high school? 2．Why did the author choose to study tourism? 3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. When people laughed at me, I nearly lost hope, but my parents believed I was doing my best and asked me to accept what I was. 4．Please introduce one of your experiences of getting family support when you were faced with difficulties. (In about 40 words) 【答案】1．The author’s initial goal was to secure a job immediately after graduation and contribute financially to the family. 2．Due to financial and medical setbacks and facing rejections, the author reluctantly abandoned initial dreams. On friends’ advice, the author chose to study tourism to complete studies as quickly as possible. 3．When people laughed at me, I nearly lost hope, but my parents believed I was doing my best and asked me to accept what I was. When people laughed at me, I nearly lost hope, but my parents believed things would turn around and knew I was doing my best. 4．During my first year at high school, I struggled with homesickness and academic pressure. My family called me regularly, offering emotional support and advice, which helped me adjust and eventually thrive in my new environment. Their encouragement was invaluable. 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在追求独立和职业发展的道路上遇到挫折，但在父母的支持和鼓励下，他坚持不懈，最终实现了自己的梦想，包括找到工作、出国学习和旅行，成为了他人的榜样。 1．考查细节理解。根据文章第一段“My goal was to secure a job immediately after graduation and contribute financially to my family.(我的目标是一毕业就找到一份工作，为家庭提供经济支持。)”可知，作者最初的目标是毕业后立即找到工作，为家庭提供经济上的支持。故答案是：The author’s initial goal was to secure a job immediately after graduation and contribute financially to the family.。 2．考查细节理解。根据文章第二段“However, due to financial and medical setbacks, I faced nothing but rejections. Undeterred, I persisted in my applications, only to be turned down each time. After numerous attempts, I reluctantly abandoned my initial dreams and ambitions, deciding to switch to another field. My sole objective became to complete my studies as quickly as possible, and so, on my friends’ advice, I chose to study tourism.(然而，由于经济和医疗方面的挫折，我遭遇的全是拒绝。尽管如此，我并未气馁，坚持申请，却每次都遭到拒绝。经过多次尝试后，我无奈地放弃了最初的梦想和抱负，决定转向另一个领域。我唯一的目标就是尽快完成学业，因此，在朋友的建议下，我选择了学习旅游专业。)”可知，由于经济和医疗方面的挫折以及屡遭拒绝，作者无奈地放弃了最初的梦想。在朋友的建议下，作者选择了学习旅游专业，以便尽快完成学业。故答案是：Due to financial and medical setbacks and facing rejections, the author reluctantly abandoned initial dreams. On friends’ advice, the author chose to study tourism to complete studies as quickly as possible.。 3．考查细节理解。根据文章第三段“I nearly lost hope, but my parents always reassured me of their pride, regardless of whether I had a job or not. They believed things would turn around and knew I was doing my best.(我几乎失去了希望，但我的父母总是安慰我，告诉我他们为我感到骄傲，无论我是否有工作。他们相信事情会有转机，也知道我已经尽力了。)”可知，当人们嘲笑作者时，作者几乎失去了希望，但作者的父母相信事情会有转机，并且知道作者已经尽了全力。由此可知，错误的表述是“asked me to accept what I was”，正确的表述是“When people laughed at me, I nearly lost hope, but my parents believed things would turn around and knew I was doing my best.”。故答案是When people laughed at me, I nearly lost hope, but my parents believed I was doing my best and asked me to accept what I was. When people laughed at me, I nearly lost hope, but my parents believed things would turn around and knew I was doing my best.。 4．考查开放性试题。题目要求：请分享一次你在遇到困难时得到家人支持的经历。在我高中的第一年，我饱受思乡之情和学业压力的困扰。我的家人经常给我打电话，给予我情感上的支持和建议，这帮助我适应了新环境，并最终在新的环境中茁壮成长。他们的鼓励是无价的。故答案是：During my first year at high school, I struggled with homesickness and academic pressure. My family called me regularly, offering emotional support and advice, which helped me adjust and eventually thrive in my new environment. Their encouragement was invaluable.（答案不唯一，仅供参考） Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·北京顺义一中·期中） It was a dark and stormy night. The ferocious wind shook the windows wildly, as though someone outside were beating on the glass. It was also New Year's Eve. We were having our annual party just starting to celebrate. Suddenly, we heard loud explosions (爆炸声) . Looking outside and up into the hills, we saw sparks (火花) flying from electrical transformers (变压器). One area after another went dark up in those hills. Then there was the loudest explosion of them all and our house went dark too. I tried to find every candle we had and lit them. The candles made everything look lovely. But we had problems. We had fifteen people standing around and we still had to cook dinner. How would we do that without electricity? The barbecue! Why not cook on the barbecue? We men went outside, some holding flashlights and others cooking. We did a wonderful job. The women stayed inside and got the salads ready. Everything was delicious. There were still a few hours to go before the beginning of the new year, so we all sat around the dining room table and sang up until a few minutes before midnight. We couldn't watch the ball drop in Times Square on television but that wouldn't stop us from celebrating. I stood on a chair and, with the help of someone's watch to tell us the time, we all counted down and I dropped a tennis ball! We all screamed Happy New Year. We didn't need electricity for that! Nowadays, we still get together with the same group to celebrate the New Year and we still talk about that special night. I don't think we have ever laughed so much as we did on that New Year's Eve. 5．What were the people doing to celebrate the New Year? 6．What made dinner preparation difficult according to Paragraph 2? 7．Where did they cook dinner that night? 8．What does the author think of that particular New Year's Eve? 【答案】5．Having an annual party./They were having an annual party. 6．No electricity./The power failure./There was no electricity./Electricity was gone. 7．On the barbecue. 8．It was the most exciting one./It was filled with laughter./It was special./Exciting./Pleasant./Unforgettable./Joyful./Different./Memorable./Unique. 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章记叙了作者与朋友共15人，举行年度派对时经历的一个突发事故：新年夜时变压器爆炸导致整片地区断电，15人各司其职，用烧烤代替跨年大餐，唱歌、倒计时，度过了一个特别的跨年夜。 5．细节理解题。根据第一段的“It was also New Year’s Eve. We were having our annual party and had a house full of people just starting to celebrate. (那天也是新年前夜。我们正在举行年度派对，一屋子的人刚刚开始庆祝)”可知，人们举行年度派对来庆祝新年，故答案为：Having an annual party.或They were having an annual party. 6．细节理解题。根据第二段“But we had problems. We had fifteen people standing around and we still had to cook dinner. How would we do that without electricity? (但我们遇到了问题。我们有15个人站在旁边，我们还得做饭。没有电我们该怎么做呢？)”可知，当时有15个人在这里迎接新年，此刻因为断电，导致无法准备这么多人的晚餐，故答案为：No electricity.或The power failure.或There was no electricity.或Electricity was gone. 7．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“We had fifteen people standing around and we still had to cook dinner. How would we do that without electricity? The barbecue! Why not cook on the barbecue?(我们有15个人站在旁边，我们还得做饭。没有电我们该怎么做呢？烧烤架！为什么不在烤架上做饭呢？)”可知，当晚作者一行人最终想出的办法是在烧烤架上做饭。故答案为：On the barbecue. 8．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Nowadays, we still get together with the same group to celebrate the New Year and we still talk about that special night. I don’t think we have ever laughed so much as we did on that New Year’s Eve. (如今，我们仍然和同一群人聚在一起庆祝新年，我们仍然谈论那个特别的夜晚。我想我们从来没有像在那个新年前夜那样笑得那么开心过。)”可知，作者认为那一夜是特别的，是充满欢笑的。故答案为：It was the most exciting one.或It was a night filled with laughter.或It was special.或Exciting.或Pleasant.或Unforgettable.或Joyful.或Different.或Memorable.或Unique. Passage 3 （24-25学年高二上·北京八一学校·期中） Leonardo Da Vinci was a genius: wildly imaginative, passionately curious and creative across multiple disciplines — painting, architecture, aeronautics, and engineering. Yet oddly the word “genius” minimizes him by making it seem as if he were touched by lightning. His early biographer made this mistake: “Sometimes, in a supernatural fashion, a single person is gifted by heaven with beauty, grace, and talent in such abundance that seems that his every act is divine (天赐的).” In fact, the self-taught Leonardo’s genius was shaped by his own will and ambition. It did not come from being the divine recipient, like Newton or Einstein. Part of what made Leonardo a genius, what set him apart from people who are merely extraordinarily smart, was creativity. His talent for combining observation with fantasy allowed him to make unexpected leaps that related things seen to things unseen. Leonardo was also a very human genius. He made mistakes. He left a trail of unfinished projects, flying machines that never flew, tanks that never rolled. “Tell me if ever I did a thing... Tell me if anything was ever made.” His flawed humanity makes Leonardo more accessible. Even though we may never be able to match his talents, we can learn from him and try to be more like him. His life offers a wealth of lessons. Seek knowledge for its own sake. Not all knowledge needs to be useful. Sometimes it should be pursued for pure pleasure. Leonardo did not need to know how heart valves work to paint the Mona Lisa, nor did he need to figure out how fossils got to the top of mountains to produce Virgin of the Rocks. By allowing himself to be driven by pure curiosity, he got to explore more horizons and sec more connections. Keep a childlike sense of wonder. At a certain point in life, most of us quit puzzling over everyday phenomena. We might savor the beauty of a blue sky, but we no longer bother to wonder why it is that color. Leonardo did. Be curious, observe things, see things unseen, respect facts, be open to mystery…We can never learm enough from Leonardo. 9．What set Da Vinci apart from people who are merely extraordinarily smart? 10．Why was Da Vinci regarded as a very human genius? 11．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Da Vinci’s life offers us a wealth of lessons, one of which is to seek useful knowledge. 12．Which quality of Da Vinci’s do you appreciate most? How can it benefit you in your life? (In about 40 words) 【答案】9．Creativity sets him apart from people who are merely extraordinarily smart. 10．Because he made mistakes and he left a trail of unfinished projects, such as flying machines that never flew and tanks that never rolled. 11．Da Vinci’s life offers us a wealth of lessons, one of which is to seek useful knowledge. Because not all knowledge needs to be useful. Sometimes it should be pursued for pure pleasure. 12．One possible version: I appreciate the quality of being curious most. Because being curious can force me to keep learning new knowledge. If I am curious about one problem, I will refer to some books to get a better understanding of the knowledge. 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了达·芬奇是一个有创造力，有人类本性的天才。他充满好奇心，善于观察事物，尊重事实，接受神秘等这些品质，值得我们学习。 9．考查细节理解。根据第二段“Part of what made Leonardo a genius, what set him apart from people who are merely extraordinarily smart, was creativity.(使列奥纳多成为天才的部分原因，使他与那些仅仅是非常聪明的人区别开来的部分原因是创造力)”可知，是创造力将达·芬奇与那些只是非常聪明的人区别开来，故答案为Creativity.或Creativity sets him apart from people who are merely extraordinarily smart. 10．考查细节理解。根据第三段“Leonardo was also a very human genius. He made mistakes. He left a trail of unfinished projects, flying machines that never flew, tanks that never rolled. (列奥纳多也是一个非常有人类本性的天才。他犯了错误。他留下了一系列未完成的项目——从没飞过的飞行器，从没启动过的坦克)”可知，达·芬奇也犯错，而且还留下一系列未完成的项目，比如从没飞过的飞行器和从没启动过的坦克，所以达·芬奇被认为是一个有人类本性的天才，故答案为Because he made mistakes and he left a trail of unfinished projects, such as flying machines that never flew and tanks that never rolled. 11．考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段“Seek knowledge for its own sake. Not all knowledge needs to be useful. Sometimes it should be pursued for pure pleasure.(为知识本身而求知。并非所有的知识都必须有用。有时应该纯粹为了快乐而追求)”可知，错误的部分为“one of which is to seek useful knowledge”，因为并非所有的知识都必须有用。有时应该纯粹为了快乐而追求。故答案为Da Vinci’s life offers us a wealth of lessons, one of which is to seek useful knowledge. Because not all knowledge needs to be useful. Sometimes it should be pursued for pure pleasure. 12．考查开放题。根据最后一段中的“Be curious, observe things, see things unseen, respect facts, be open to mystery…”(要有好奇心，观察事物，看到看不见的东西，尊重事实，接受神秘……)可知，这些都是达·芬奇的品质，以好奇心为例，谈谈好奇心对自己生活的好处。故答案为：One possible version: I appreciate the quality of being curious most. Because being curious can force me to keep learning new knowledge. If I am curious about one problem, I will refer to some books to get a better understanding of the knowledge. 主题02 人与自我——学校生活 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·北京广渠门中学·期中） In a growing number of school districts across America, students must wear a uniform. According to the US Department of Education, wearing a uniform can maintain discipline and help schools recognize those who come to the school illegally. Schools claim that when students come in uniform, it improves discipline and leads to academic gains. However, students protested the decision. A more important question is whether there is any evidence to show that mandatory (强制的) uniform policies can lead to improved student outcomes. A 2003 study that used a large national data set concluded that elementary and middle schools with school uniforms had fewer student behavior problems. But it found that high schools had a greater frequency of misbehavior. Interestingly, even when evidence is available, educators could take the opposite view. For example, a study of educators in 38 North Carolina high schools found that 61% of the school masters believed that there was a reduction in cases of misbehavior on campus when school uniforms were introduced. In reality, the data showed no change in incidents of suspensions (停学) and other problems. Similarly, research on the effectiveness of school uniforms on increasing student attendance and achievement is confusing. For example, one study concluded that school uniforms resulted in increased student achievement and increased attendance. However, another study found little impact on academics at all levels and little evidence of improvement in attendance for girls and drop in attendance for boys. So, what does lack of consistent research mean for policy? In my view, it does not mean that schools should not carry out such policies. It does mean, however, that educators must be clear about the goals that they hope to achieve. Decreased discipline problems, increased attendance and academic achievement may not be achieved just by wearing uniforms. But there may be other benefits, for instance, it could help a school promote its brand through a uniform look. School uniforms may also serve as a symbol of commitment to academic achievement. 13．Why are students required to wear school uniforms in America? __________________________________________________________________________ 14．What are the findings of the 2003 study? __________________________________________________________________________ 15．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Some studies showed wearing school uniforms helped improve students' performance, but other studies found no consistent results, so schools should stop the school uniform policy. __________________________________________________________________________ 16．What do you think of wearing school uniforms? Explain your reasons. (In about 40 words) __________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】13．Because wearing a uniform can maintain discipline and help schools recognize those who come to the school illegally. 14．Elementary and middle schools with school uniforms had fewer student behaviour problems, but high schools had a greater frequency of misbehaviour. 15．Some studies showed wearing school uniforms helped improve students' performance, but other studies found no consistent results, so schools should stop the school uniform policy. According to the passage, the author doesn't mean that schools should stop the school uniform policy. He/She suggests that educators should be clear about the goals they hope to achieve with mandatory uniform policies. 16．(1) I am in favour of wearing school uniforms. I don’t want to waste time wondering what to wear. School uniforms are specially designed for students so they are comfortable. Wearing my school uniform with the school logo on it, I have a sense of pride. (2) I am against wearing school uniforms. I think we have the freedom to choose whatever we want to get dressed in. I don't like it when others choose what to wear in my place. With my favourite clothes on, I can be a true self. 【分析】本文是一篇议论文，主要论述的是学生是否必须在学校穿校服。 13．推理判断题。根据第一段的“According to the US Department of Education, wearing a uniform can maintain discipline and help schools recognize those who come to the school illegally.（据美国教育部表示，穿校服可以维持纪律，帮助学校识别那些非法进入学校的人。）”可知，因为穿校服可以维持纪律，并帮助学校识别那些非法进入学校的人，因此在美国学生被要求穿校服。故答案为Because wearing a uniform can maintain discipline and help schools recognize those who come to the school illegally.。 14．细节理解题。根据第二段的“A 2003 study that used a large national data set concluded that elementary and middle schools with school uniforms had fewer student behavior problems. But it found that high schools had a greater frequency of misbehavior.（2003年的一项研究使用了大量的全国性数据集，得出结论说，小学和中学穿校服的学生行为问题更少。但研究发现，高中的不良行为发生率更高。）”可知，2003年的一项研究发现，在穿校服的小学和初中，学生的行为问题较少，但在高中，学生的不良行为发生率较高。故答案为Elementary and middle schools with school uniforms had fewer student behaviour problems, but high schools had a greater frequency of misbehaviour.。 15．细节理解题。根据最后一段的“In my view, it does not mean that schools should not carry out such policies. It does mean, however, that educators must be clear about the goals that they hope to achieve.（在我看来，这并不意味着学校不应该执行这些政策。然而，这确实意味着教育工作者必须清楚他们希望实现的目标。） ”可知，作者并不是说学校应该停止校服政策。他/她建议教育工作者应该清楚他们希望通过强制统一政策实现的目标。故答案为Some studies showed wearing school uniforms helped improve students' performance, but other studies found no consistent results, so schools should stop the school uniform policy. According to the passage, the author doesn't mean that schools should stop the school uniform policy. He/She suggests that educators should be clear about the goals they hope to achieve with mandatory uniform policies.。 16．推理判断题。就我而言，我赞成穿校服。我不想浪费时间考虑该穿什么。校服是专门为学生设计的，所以很舒服。穿着印有学校标志的校服，我有一种自豪感。故答案为I am in favour of wearing school uniforms. I don’t want to waste time wondering what to wear. School uniforms are specially designed for students so they are comfortable. Wearing my school uniform with the school logo on it, I have a sense of pride.。 主题01 人与社会——科普知识 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·北京八中·期中） When Eugenie George first heard that her friend passed the accountant exam, her heart sank. She’d failed that test weeks earlier, and needed the certificate to advance her own career. “My inner child got upset,” recalls George. But then, she called her friend. “I told her I failed and admitted I was envious,” she says. Being frank shifted her attitude, and she was surprised to realize she could share her friend’s happiness and experience her own, in turn. “I congratulated my friend and told her she inspired me,” George says. This is what scientists called freudenfreude, meaning finding pleasure in another person’s success, even if it doesn’t directly involve us. Freudenfreude is like social glue, says Catherine Chambliss, a professor of psychology at Ursinus College. It makes relationships “close and more enjoyable.” A study in 2021 examined freudenfreude’s role in daily life and found that it could improve life satisfaction and even help people co-operate during a conflict. While the benefits of freudenfreude are plentiful, it doesn’t always come easily. If you were raised in a family that paired winning with self-worth, Chambliss says, you might misread someone else’s victory as your own personal shortcoming. Besides, mental health can also affect your ability to participate in someone else’s joy. Negative emotions like anger or dislike may lead to the opposite of freudenfreude. Luckily, the ability of freudenfreude can be exercised. To help people strengthen joy-sharing muscles, Chambliss and her colleagues developed a programme called Freudenfreude Enhancement Training practices. They found that depressed students who used the practices for two weeks had an easier time expressing freudenfreude, which enhanced their relationships and improved their moods. Given that, having freudenfreude is beneficial and it is worthwhile to explore ways to encourage the feeling. 17．According to scientists, what is freudenfreude? 18．What impact does freudenfreude have on daily life? 19．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Freudenfreude doesn’t always come easily, and it is affected by your family environment and physical health. 20．Besides George’s experience mentioned in the passage, please describe one of your experiences of freudenfreude. (In about 40 words) 【答案】17．Freudenfreude is finding pleasure in another person’s success, even if it doesn’t directly involve us. 18．It improves life satisfaction and even helps people co-operate during a conflict. 19．Freudenfreude doesn’t always come easily, and it is affected by your family environment and physical health. Mental well-being can affect your ability to participate in the joy of others. 20．1) Last year, in the relay race, my team was defeated by my friend’s team I felt a little envious at first. However, seeing excitement on his face, I related to him and joined in the celebration. As we celebrated together, we were reminded of the power of sharing joy. 2) I experienced freudenfreude when my friend got accepted into her dream school. Although I was still struggling for my final exam and not sure what my future would hold, I sent her sincere congratulations on the success. That enhanced the bond between us, fostering mutual support and encouragement. 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述庆祝别人的胜利会给自己带来好处，这种行为也被称为“freudenfreude”。文章解释了freudenfreude的好处以及影响。 17．考查细节理解。根据第二段“This is what scientists called freudenfreude, meaning finding pleasure in another person’s success, even if it doesn’t directly involve us.(这就是科学家们所说的“freudenfreude”，意思是在别人的成功中找到快乐，即使这与我们没有直接关系)”可知，Freudenfreude是指从别人的成功中寻找快乐，即使这并不直接涉及到我们自己。故答案为Freudenfreude is finding pleasure in another person’s success, even if it doesn’t directly involve us. 18．考查细节理解。根据第二段“A study in 2021 examined freudenfreude’s role in daily life and found that it could improve life satisfaction and even help people co-operate during a conflict.(2021年的一项研究调查了freudenfreude在日常生活中的作用，发现它可以提高生活满意度，甚至有助于人们在冲突中合作)”可知，Freudenfreude能提高生活满意度，甚至有助于人们在冲突中合作。故答案为It improves life satisfaction and even helps people co-operate during a conflict. 19．考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段“Besides, mental health can also affect your ability to participate in someone else’s joy.(此外，心理健康也会影响你参与他人快乐的能力)”可知，错误部分为“physical health”，心理健康会影响你参与他人快乐的能力。故答案为Freudenfreude doesn’t always come easily, and it is affected by your family environment and physical health. Mental well-being can affect your ability to participate in the joy of others. 20．考查开放题。根据“除了文章中提到的乔治的经历，请描述一个你的freudenfreude的经历”可回答：1)去年，在接力赛中，我的队伍被我朋友的队伍打败了，一开始我有点嫉妒。然而，看到他脸上兴奋的表情，我也和他一起庆祝。当我们一起庆祝时，我们意识到分享快乐的力量。 2)当我的朋友被她梦寐以求的学校录取时，我感到freudenfreude。虽然我还在为期末考试而挣扎，不知道我的未来会怎样，但我还是对她的成功表示了诚挚的祝贺。这加强了我们之间的联系，促进了相互支持和鼓励。 故答案为1) Last year, in the relay race, my team was defeated by my friend’s team I felt a little envious at first. However, seeing excitement on his face, I related to him and joined in the celebration. As we celebrated together, we were reminded of the power of sharing joy. 2) I experienced freudenfreude when my friend got accepted into her dream school. Although I was still struggling for my final exam and not sure what my future would hold, I sent her sincere congratulations on the success. That enhanced the bond between us, fostering mutual support and encouragement. Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·北京第八十中学·期中） Is it better for our bodies to work out at certain times of the day? Scientists have known for some time that every tissue in our bodies contains a kind of biological clock that goes off in response to messages related to our daily exposure to light, food and sleep. However, whether and how exercise timing might influence metabolic (新陈代谢的) health has been less clear, and the results of past experiments have not always agreed. A much-discussed 2019 study found that men with Type 2 diabetes (糖尿病) who completed a few minutes of high-intensity interval (间隔) sessions in the afternoon improved their blood-sugar control after two weeks. Patrick Schrauwen, a professor of nutrition and movement sciences read that 2019 study with interest. He had been studying exercise in people with Type 2 diabetes, but had not considered the possible role of timing. Now, seeing the varying impacts of the intense workouts, he wondered if the timing of workouts might similarly affect how the workouts changed people’s metabolisms. Incidentally, he and his colleagues had a ready-made source of data in their own prior experiment. Several years earlier, they had asked adult men at high risk for Type 2 diabetes to ride stationary bicycles at the lab three times a week for 12 weeks, while the researchers tracked their metabolic health. They also had noted when the riders showed up for their workouts. The researchers pulled data for the 12 men who consistently had worked out between 8 and 10 a.m. and compared them with another 20 who always exercised between 3 and 6 p.m. They found that the benefits of afternoon workouts far outweighed those of morning exercise. He says, “This study does suggest that afternoon exercise may be more beneficial for people with disturbed metabolisms than the same exercise done earlier. The particular and most effective exercise for each of us will line up with our daily routines and exercise tendencies because exercise is good for us at any time of day—but only if we choose to keep doing it.” 21．What inspired Professor Schrauwen to carry out the research related to the timing of workouts? ____________________________________________________________________ 22．What did Schrauwen’s new study figure out? ____________________________________________________________________ 23．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Professor Schrauwen and his colleagues carried out the research by using the newly-collected data and making comparisons between two different subject groups. ____________________________________________________________________ 24．When do you think is the best time for you to exercise? Why? (about 40 words) ____________________________________________________________________ 【答案】21．The 2019 study. 22．For some people, it is better to work out in the afternoon. 23．Professor Schrauwen and his colleagues carried out the research by using the newly-collected data and making comparisons between two different subject groups. According to the passage, Professor Schrauwen and his colleagues didn’t collect any new data to do the research. They made use of the ready-made source of data from their own prior experiment. 24．略 【分析】本文是一篇科学研究。文章通过研究两个患有糖尿病的男性在不同的运动时间下其新陈代谢的不同，来说明运动时间选择的重要性以及它对我们新陈代谢健康的影响，进一步说明我们应该适当的选好适合自己的锻炼时间，来改善身体状况。 21．考查细节理解。根据文章第二段“A much-discussed 2019 study found that men with Type 2 diabetes (糖尿病) who completed a few minutes of high-intensity interval (间隔) sessions in the afternoon improved their blood-sugar control after two weeks. Patrick Schrauwen, a professor of nutrition and movement sciences read that 2019 study with interest.（2019年一项备受争议的研究发现，2型糖尿病患者在下午完成几分钟的高强度间歇训练后，两周后血糖控制得到了改善。营养和运动科学教授帕特里克·施劳文饶有兴趣地阅读了2019年的这项研究。）”可知，是2019年的这项研究促使施劳文教授进行这项与锻炼时间有关的研究的，故答案为The 2019 study. 22．考查细节理解。根据第三段“They found that the benefits of afternoon workouts far outweighed those of morning exercise.（他们发现下午锻炼的好处远远大于早晨锻炼的好处。）”以及第四段“This study does suggest that afternoon exercise may be more beneficial for people with disturbed metabolisms than the same exercise done earlier.（这项研究确实表明，下午锻炼对代谢紊乱的人可能比早些时候做同样的锻炼更有益。）”可知，教授的新研究发现对于一些人来讲，在下午运动会更好，故答案为For some people, it is better to work out in the afternoon. 23．考查细节理解。根据第三段“Incidentally, he and his colleagues had a ready-made source of data in their own prior experiment. Several years earlier, they had asked adult men at high risk for Type 2 diabetes to ride stationary bicycles at the lab three times a week for 12 weeks, while the researchers tracked their metabolic health. （顺便说一句，他和他的同事在他们之前的实验中有现成的数据来源。几年前，他们曾要求患有2型糖尿病的高风险成年男性每周在实验室骑3次固定自行车，持续12周，而研究人员则跟踪他们的代谢健康状况。”）可知，Schrauwen教授和他的同事没有收集任何新的数据来做研究。他们利用了自己先前实验中现成的数据来源，故答案为Professor Schrauwen and his colleagues carried out the research by using the newly-collected data and making comparisons between two different subject groups. According to the passage, Professor Schrauwen and his colleagues didn’t collect any new data to do the research. They made use of the ready-made source of data from their own prior experiment. 24．开放题。表述自己的观点并解释原因。注意字数控制在40词左右。 主题02 人与自我——方法与哲理 Passage 1 The Path to Success （24-25学年高二上·北京101中·期中） Success is a concept that holds different meanings for different people. For some, it may be the accumulation of wealth, while for others, it could mean achieving career milestones or academic excellence. There are also those who see success as leading a happy life, having a harmonious family, or maintaining good relationships with others. Therefore, success does not have a universal standard; its definition varies from person to person. However, despite the various interpretations of success, certain qualities and approaches are shared by those who succeed. One key trait is perseverance. Achieving any significant accomplishment requires time and effort. Many successful people stand out not because they never faced setbacks, but because they did not give up when faced with difficulties. For example, Thomas Edison, the famous inventor, encountered thousands of failures before finally inventing the light bulb. Had he not possessed the spirit of perseverance, the invention of the light bulb might have been late for many years. Another crucial factor is setting clear goals since a well-defined goal provides direction and helps people stay focused on their pursuits. Psychological studies have shown a strong correlation between goal setting and the feeling of achievement. When people establish specific, realistic goals and work diligently towards them, their chances of success greatly increase. For instance, athletes who aim to improve their performance by setting small, achievable targets often experience greater progress than those who only dream of winning big competitions without a clear plan. In addition, continuous learning and adaptability play essential roles in achieving success. The modern world is developing rapidly, with new knowledge and technologies emerging constantly. Only those who keep learning and updating their skills can stay competitive in such a fast-paced environment. Take the example of successful entrepreneurs: many of them attribute their achievements to their ability to learn from mistakes and adapt to changing market demands. While hard work, goal setting, and lifelong learning are significant, it is also important to admit the role of luck in success. Sometimes, being in the right place at the right time can open doors that were otherwise closed. However, luck alone is not enough; it must be combined with preparation and effort to truly make a difference. In conclusion, success is a multifaceted concept influenced by a variety of factors. While the definition of success may differ from one person to another, perseverance, clear goal setting, and continuous learning are universally acknowledged as essential traits for achieving it. By embracing these principles and remaining open to change, anyone can increase their chances of reaching their version of success. 25．Why is setting clear goals a crucial factor for success? 26．According to the passage, which essential elements are universally acknowledged to achieve success?(List two) 27．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. > Many successful entrepreneurs who can stay competitive in such a fast-paced environment think their achievements are a result of their perseverance. 28．Do you agree with the statement “Luck plays a role in success”? Why or why not? 【答案】25．Because a well-defined goal provides direction and helps people stay focused on their pursuits. 26．Perseverance and clear goal setting./Continuous learning and perseverance./Clear goal setting and continuous learning. 27．Many successful entrepreneurs who can stay competitive in such a fast-paced environment think their achievements are a result of their perseverance. Because many successful entrepreneurs attribute their achievements to their ability to learn from mistakes and adapt to changing market demands, rather than to their perseverance. 28．No, I don’t agree. Because I believe that success is mainly determined by one’s own efforts, abilities, and perseverance. Although luck may play a role in some cases, it is not the decisive factor. Success requires hard work, clear goal setting, continuous learning, and adaptability. 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了成功的概念及其实现路径，指出成功对于不同人有不同的意义，但成功者通常具备一些共同的品质和做法，如坚持不懈、设定明确目标、持续学习和适应变化等。 25．考查细节理解。根据第三段中“Another crucial factor is setting clear goals since a well-defined goal provides direction and helps people stay focused on their pursuits.(另一个关键因素是设定明确的目标，因为明确的目标可以提供方向，并帮助人们专注于自己的追求)”可知，设定明确的目标对于成功至关重要，因为它为人们提供了方向，并帮助他们专注于自己的追求。故答案为：Because a well-defined goal provides direction and helps people stay focused on their pursuits. 26．考查细节理解。根据最后一段中“While the definition of success may differ from one person to another, perseverance, clear goal setting, and continuous learning are universally acknowledged as essential traits for achieving it.(虽然成功的定义可能因人而异，但坚持不懈、设定明确的目标和持续学习是被普遍认为是实现成功所必需的品质)”可知，普遍公认的实现成功的关键要素包括坚持不懈、设定明确的目标和持续学习，任一两种组合皆可。故答案为：Perseverance and clear goal setting./Continuous learning and perseverance./Clear goal setting and continuous learning. 27．考查推理判断。根据第四段中“Take the example of successful entrepreneurs: many of them attribute their achievements to their ability to learn from mistakes and adapt to changing market demands.(以成功的企业家为例：他们中的许多人将他们的成就归因于他们从错误中学习并适应不断变化的市场需求的能力)”可知，许多成功的企业家将他们的成就归因于从错误中学习并适应市场需求的能力，而不是坚持不懈。因此，句中“perseverance”这一部分是错误的，应划线，因为许多成功的企业家将他们的成就归功于他们从错误中学习和适应不断变化的市场需求的能力，而不是他们的毅力。 故答案为：Many successful entrepreneurs who can stay competitive in such a fast-paced environment think their achievements are a result of their perseverance. Because many successful entrepreneurs attribute their achievements to their ability to learn from mistakes and adapt to changing market demands, rather than to their perseverance. 28．考查开放性问题。例如：我不赞同“运气在成功中起作用”这一说法。因为我相信成功主要是由一个人自己的努力、能力和毅力决定的。虽然运气在某些情况下可能起作用，但它不是决定性因素。成功需要努力工作、明确目标、不断学习和适应能力。故答案为： No, I don’t agree. Because I believe that success is mainly determined by one’s own efforts, abilities, and perseverance. Although luck may play a role in some cases, it is not the decisive factor. Success requires hard work, clear goal setting, continuous learning, and adaptability. Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·北京交大附中·期中） Fashion’s Melt Down Throwaway culture is trashing the planet - but one young chemical engineer has her own way to turn it over. Fast fashion has changed the way we dress. We buy more clothes, more often - but we wear them less. Alina Bassi, founder of Kleiderly, wants to give our clothing waste another chance at a useful life. Bassi has always cared about the threat of climate change, but she actually started her career in the oil industry. After a few years, she landed at bio-bean, a startup that turned waste coffee grounds into products that could be burnt for heat and fuel. After a year, Bassi was keen to branch out - used coffee grounds are not the biggest threat facing the planet. Instead, she poured her efforts into tackling a much bigger global polluter: the fashion industry. According to the Ellen MacArthur Foundation, we produce 100 billion items of clothing per year, and this is set to double by 2050. But they don’t last long enough to offset (抵消) the carbon cost of producing the material, creating the clothes, and then shipping them to customers. “It makes no sense that we have such a high carbon footprint for something so short-lived.” Bassi says. Using the principles of a circular economy, Bassi has developed a low-energy, multi-stage process to turn clothing fibres into an alternative to oil-based plastic. This new plastic can then be used by manufacturers in their existing machines, so that your old T-shirts and jeans will become different products instead of clothes, such as clothing hangers, or even furniture. Fashion companies have some other ways to reduce fashion waste, from creating clothes designed to last, to recycling the fabric to make more clothing. But “a problem this big needs multiple solutions,” Bassi says. “We think about the multiple lives of a product and how we can keep reusing it instead of letting it fall into landfills or incinerators (焚化炉),” she says. 29．Why did Bassi switch her focus to the fashion industry? 30．How did she tackle the problems caused by the fashion industry? 31．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ·Kleiderly can change old jackets and trousers into a new material, which can be used to make more clothing. 32．Please briefly present your own solution (s) to the throwaway problem in daily life. (about 40 words) 【答案】29．Because it’s a much bigger global polluter. 30．Using the principles of a circular economy, Bassi developed a low-energy, multi-stage process to turn clothing fibres into an alternative to oil-based plastic./Bassi used the principles of a circular economy and developed a low-energy, multi-stage process to turn clothing fibres into an alternative to oil-based plastic. 31．Kleiderly can change old jackets and trousers into a new material, which can be used to make more clothing. According to the passage, the new material can be used to make different products. 32．I think an effective solution is to reduce the use of disposable items, such as using reusable water bottles, purchasing reusable shopping bags, and reducing the use of single-use items like plastic bags and straws. 【导语】本文是新闻报道。讲述了一次性文化正在破坏这个星球，但一位年轻的化学工程师Bassi有她自己的方法来扭转这一局面。 29．考查推理判断。根据第四段“According to the Ellen MacArthur Foundation, we produce 100 billion items of clothing per year, and this is set to double by 2050. But they don’t last long enough to offset (抵消) the carbon cost of producing the material, creating the clothes, and then shipping them to customers. “It makes no sense that we have such a high carbon footprint for something so short-lived.” Bassi says. (根据艾伦·麦克阿瑟基金会的数据，我们每年生产1000亿件衣服，到2050年，这一数字将翻一番。但它们持续的时间不够长，不足以抵消生产材料、制作衣服、然后运送给客户的碳成本。“如此短暂的事物产生如此高的碳足迹是没有道理的。”Bassi说。)”可知，Bassi把她的注意力转向了时尚行业是因为，衣服已成为更大的全球污染源。故答案为Because it’s a much bigger global polluter. 30．考查细节理解。根据第五段“Using the principles of a circular economy, Bassi has developed a low-energy, multi-stage process to turn clothing fibres into an alternative to oil-based plastic. This new plastic can then be used by manufacturers in their existing machines, so that your old T-shirts and jeans will become different products instead of clothes, such as clothing hangers, or even furniture .(Bassi利用循环经济的原则，开发了一种低能耗、多阶段的工艺，将服装纤维转化为油基塑料的替代品。这种新塑料可以在制造商现有的机器中使用，这样你的旧t恤和牛仔裤就会变成不同的产品，而不是衣服，比如衣架，甚至家具。)”可知，Bassi利用循环经济的原则，开发了一种低能耗、多阶段的工艺，将服装纤维转化为油基塑料的替代品。故答案为Using the principles of a circular economy, Bassi developed a low-energy, multi-stage process to turn clothing fibres into an alternative to oil-based plastic./Bassi used the principles of a circular economy and developed a low-energy, multi-stage process to turn clothing fibres into an alternative to oil-based plastic. 31．考查细节理解。根据第五段“This new plastic can then be used by manufacturers in their existing machines, so that your old T-shirts and jeans will become different products instead of clothes, such as clothing hangers, or even furniture. (这种新塑料可以在制造商现有的机器中使用，这样你的旧T恤和牛仔裤就会变成不同的产品，而不是衣服，比如衣架，甚至家具。)”可知，“Kleiderly can change old jackets and trousers into a new material, which can be used to make more clothing.”这句中，“more clothing”表述错误，因为根据文中内容可知，你的旧T恤和牛仔裤就会变成不同的产品，而不是更多衣服。故答案为Kleiderly can change old jackets and trousers into a new material, which can be used to make more clothing. According to the passage, the new material can be used to make different products. 32．考查开放性试题。要求“请简单介绍一下你自己对日常生活中的一次性用品问题的解决方法”，可回答：我认为一个有效的方法是减少使用一次性用品，例如使用可重复使用的水瓶，购买可重复使用的购物袋，并减少使用塑料袋和吸管等一次性物品。故答案为I think an effective solution is to reduce the use of disposable items, such as using reusable water bottles, purchasing reusable shopping bags, and reducing the use of single-use items like plastic bags and straws. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $