Unit 5 Wild animals 野生动物（话题阅读精练）英语译林版2024八年级上册

Unit 5 Wild animals 野生动物 话题阅读精练 模块 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 时文阅读 Passage 1 阅读理解 说明文 286 本文介绍了通过节约用水来帮助濒危动物 Passage 2 阅读理解 说明文 360 本文介绍了关于大象需知的 5 件事 实战演练 阅读理解 A 说明文 287 本文介绍了野猪给人们带来的困扰，以及应对野猪的方法和相关注意事项 B 说明文 269 本文介绍了东北虎面临的生存威胁和保护措施 完形填空 记叙文 288 本文介绍了狗狗白芳在新环境中学习新规矩的过程 语法填空 记叙文 272 本文介绍了三江源国家级自然保护区设立后，当地自然环境的变化 时文阅读 Passage 1 Save Water for Animals 为动物节水 Most of us think that animal endangerment is a big problem today, and we humans are part of this issue. According to NBC news, humans have made about 680 vertebrate species go extinct. Based on this, researchers say that more than a million species will disappear in the next few decades. This may sound scary, but there is hope! Young adults and teenagers can take simple actions now to make the natural world better. One of the easiest ways is to use less water. We all know that not having enough water is a big problem for humans. And as the world's population grows, this problem gets worse. Water scarcity doesn't just affect us; it often affects animals too. According to World Wildlife, research shows that only 3 percent of the water on Earth is fresh water, and more than 100,000 ecosystems need it. For example, many African species, including elephants and rhinos, depend on water to keep their families alive. When we use up all the available water, we take away the only thing that keeps these animals alive. According to Reset.org, using less water can be a big help to endangered animals. Statistics show that in the USA alone, each person uses 7,786 liters of water a day. We might not notice, but sometimes we use much more water than we need. Simple things like turning off the tap when brushing our teeth, taking shorter showers, and only washing clothes when necessary can help reduce water use in a good way. A shower usually uses about 15 gallons of water in 5 minutes. If everyone in my city took 5 minutes less in the shower, we would save a huge 75 million gallons of water every day! 我们大多数人都认为如今动物濒危是个大问题，而我们人类也是这个问题的一部分。据美国全国广播公司新闻报道，人类已导致约 680 种脊椎动物灭绝。基于此，研究人员称，未来几十年将有超过 100 万个物种消失。这听起来可能很可怕，但还是有希望的！年轻人和青少年现在就可以采取简单的行动来改善自然界。 其中一个最简单的方法就是节约用水。 我们都知道，水资源短缺对人类来说是个大问题。而且随着世界人口的增长，这个问题变得更严重了。水资源短缺不仅影响我们人类，往往也会影响动物。 据世界野生动物基金会称，研究表明地球上只有 3% 的水是淡水，而超过 10 万个生态系统都需要淡水。例如，许多非洲物种，包括大象和犀牛，都依靠水来维持它们族群的生存。当我们耗尽所有可用的水时，我们就夺走了维持这些动物生命的唯一东西。 据Reset.org网站报道，节约用水对濒危动物有很大帮助。数据显示，仅在美国，每个人每天就使用 7786 升水。我们可能没有注意到，但有时我们使用的水比实际需要的多得多。像刷牙时关掉水龙头、缩短淋浴时间、只在必要时洗衣服这些简单的事情，都能很好地帮助减少用水量。 淋浴通常 5 分钟就要用大约 15 加仑的水。如果我所在城市的每个人都少淋浴 5 分钟，我们每天就能节省多达 7500 万加仑的水！ 【长难句分析】 1.Based on this, researchers say that more than a million species will disappear in the next few decades. 翻译：基于此，研究人员称，未来几十年将有超过 100 万个物种消失。 分析：“Based on this” 是过去分词短语作状语；“researchers” 是主语，“say” 是谓语，后面接的是宾语从句，从句中 “more than a million species” 是主语，“will disappear” 是谓语，“in the next few decades” 是时间状语。 2.If everyone in my city took 5 minutes less in the shower, we would save a huge 75 million gallons of water every day! 翻译：如果我所在城市的每个人都少淋浴 5 分钟，我们每天就能节省多达 7500 万加仑的水！ 分析：这是一个虚拟条件句，“If” 引导的从句使用了一般过去时 “took”，主句使用 “would + 动词原形”，表示与现在事实相反的假设，强调节约用水的巨大潜力。 【重难词汇梳理】 1.endangerment /ɪnˈdeɪndʒəmənt/n. 濒危 2.vertebrate /ˈvɜːtɪbrət/n. 脊椎动物 3.extinct /ɪkˈstɪŋkt/adj. 灭绝的 4.species /ˈspiːʃiːz/n. 物种 5.decade /ˈdekeɪd/n. 十年 6.scarcity /ˈskeəsəti/n. 短缺 7.available /əˈveɪləbl/adj. 可获得的 8.statistics /stəˈtɪstɪks/n. 统计数据 9.gallon /ˈɡælən/n. 加仑（容量单位） Passage 2  5 things to know about the world’s largest land mammals关于世界上最大的陆地哺乳动物需知的 5 件事 Tell them apart by their ears There are three kinds of elephants: the African savanna (or bush) elephant, the African forest elephant, and the Asian elephant. The African savanna elephant and the Asian elephant are in danger, says the International Union for Conservation of Nature. The forest elephant is in very great danger. The easiest way to tell these elephants apart is by their ears. African elephants have bigger ears, and their shape is just like the African continent. African elephants also have two small, finger-like parts at the end of their trunks to hold things. Asian elephants, though, have only one. The biggest of all The African savanna elephant is the largest of the three kinds. It is also the biggest land animal on Earth. Adult male elephants weigh about 5,000 to 6,000 kilograms (that’s 11,000 to 13,000 pounds, or around six tons). Even baby savanna elephants weigh about 120 kilograms (265 pounds) when they are born. That’s heavier than the average NFL player! Trunks with lots of muscles An elephant’s trunk has about 150,000 muscles. Sean Hensman, an elephant expert in South Africa, says this makes the trunk “an amazing tool.” Elephants’ trunks have no bones, so they can curl or twist them in many ways. They can even make their trunks shorter or longer. Elephants use their trunks to suck up water and spray it into their mouths. They also use them to pick up food, or almost anything else they need to do. Too heavy to jump Elephants can’t jump. This is because they are so heavy. When elephants move, at least three of their feet must be on the ground at all times. But they can stand on their back legs if they need to reach food like fruits or leaves high up in trees. Elephants never forget? Many people think elephants have a great memory. Hensman says this is true. Elephants have a large temporal lobe — the part of the brain that controls memory. To live in some very harsh places, elephants need to remember where to find lots of food and water. That’s why a good memory is so important for them. 通过耳朵区分它们 大象有三种：非洲草原（或丛林）象、非洲森林象和亚洲象。国际自然保护联盟称，非洲草原象和亚洲象处于濒危状态，森林象则处于极度濒危状态。 区分这些大象最简单的方法是看它们的耳朵。非洲象的耳朵更大，形状就像非洲大陆。非洲象的象鼻末端还有两个小小的、像手指一样的部分，可以用来抓东西。而亚洲象只有一个。 所有大象中最大的 非洲草原象是这三种大象中最大的，也是地球上最大的陆地动物。成年雄象重约 5000 到 6000 公斤（即 11000 到 13000 磅，约 6 吨）。即使是草原象宝宝出生时也重约 120 公斤（265 磅），比美国国家橄榄球联盟的平均球员还要重！ 有很多肌肉的象鼻 大象的象鼻大约有 15 万块肌肉。南非的大象专家肖恩・亨斯曼说，这使得象鼻成为 “一种神奇的工具”。大象的象鼻没有骨头，所以它们可以以多种方式卷曲或扭转象鼻，甚至可以让象鼻变短或变长。大象用象鼻吸水然后喷进嘴里，也用象鼻捡食物，或者做几乎所有它们需要做的事情。 太重而不能跳 大象不会跳，这是因为它们太重了。当大象移动时，至少有三只脚必须同时着地。但如果需要够到树上高处的水果或树叶等食物，它们可以用后腿站立。 大象从不忘事？ 很多人认为大象记忆力很好。亨斯曼说这是真的。大象有很大的颞叶 —— 大脑中控制记忆的部分。为了在一些非常恶劣的环境中生存，大象需要记住在哪里能找到大量的食物和水。这就是为什么良好的记忆力对它们来说如此重要。 【长难句分析】 1.The easiest way to tell these elephants apart is by their ears. 翻译：区分这些大象最简单的方法是看它们的耳朵。 分析：“The easiest way” 是主语，“to tell these elephants apart” 是不定式短语作定语，修饰 “way”；“by their ears” 是表语，说明方式。 2.To live in some very harsh places, elephants need to remember where to find lots of food and water. 翻译：为了在一些非常恶劣的环境中生存，大象需要记住在哪里能找到大量的食物和水。 分析：“To live in some very harsh places” 是不定式短语作目的状语；“elephants” 是主语，“need” 是谓语，“to remember” 是不定式作宾语，“where to find lots of food and water” 是 “疑问词 + 不定式” 结构作 “remember” 的宾语。 【重难词汇梳理】 1.mammal /ˈmæml/n. 哺乳动物 2.endanger /ɪnˈdeɪndʒə(r)/v. 使濒危 3.conservation /ˌkɒnsəˈveɪʃn/n. 保护 4.trunk /trʌŋk/n. 象鼻 5.muscle /ˈmʌsl/n. 肌肉 6.curl /kɜːl/v. 卷曲 7.twist /twɪst/v. 扭转 8.harsh /hɑːʃ/adj. 恶劣的 9.temporal /ˈtemprəl/adj. 颞部的 10.lobe /ləʊb/n. （脑、肺等的）叶 实战演练 一、阅读理解 A ①Do you think wild boars (野猪) would be in a subway tunnel (隧道)? It happened in Nanjing on Nov 28. Wild boars are bringing us some problems these days. They run through cities, break into shops, and even hurt people. ②This is happening because there are too many of them! In recent years, the environment has got better. The wild boars live better and have more babies. There are about 2 million wild boars in China. They need more food and space, so they come into our towns. ③But can we just kill them all? That’s not a good idea. Every animal is important in nature. Wild boars eat dead animals. This stops diseases (疾病). They are like nature’s cleaners! They also dig up ground with their noses. This helps plants grow. ④What to do if you see a wild boar? Stay away! Wild boars are much stronger than pigs and can be very dangerous. A wild boar can jump 1 meter high. It weighs up to 200 kilograms. It runs at 40-70 kilometers per hour, as fast as a car. ⑤To solve the wild boar problem, we find out where the wild boars go and when they come out. This way, people can stay away from them. For example, in Jiangsu, people use 400 infrared cameras (红外相机) to watch the wild boars and make a “wild boar map”. We can also hunt (追捕) some wild boars, but we need a plan so we don’t hunt too many. In Ningxia, hunters plan to catch 300 wild boars this year to keep their numbers just right. 1．Why do wild boars come to towns? A．To clean up shops. B．To get food and space. C．To live with people. D．To look for their babies. 2．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The role of wild boars. B．The ways to kill wild boars. C．The danger of wild boars. D．The diseases from wild boars. 3．In Paragraph 4, how does the writer show wild boars are dangerous? A．By telling stories. B．By giving examples. C．By listing numbers. D．By showing opinions. 4．To work out the wild boar problem, we should ________. A．plan to catch wild boars B．hunt all the wild boars C．feed wild boars more D．give them more places B Amur tigers, also known as Siberian tigers，live in the forests in the northeastern China and Russian Far East. Unlike lions that live in groups, tigers live alone. Amur tigers are really cool animals. They’re the world’s biggest cats. A grown-up Amur tiger can weigh up to 600 pounds. A hungry one can even eat more than 50 pounds in one night. Amur tigers are great hunters (猎手). They have thick yellow fur with black stripes (条纹), and each tiger’s stripe pattern is different. The stripes help them hide when they hunt. Amur tigers usually hunt at night because they have great eyesight and hearing. Their eyesight is six times better than ours. They can run fast and travel long distances to find food like deer, wild boar, and even smaller bears. Amur tigers are in danger. They almost disappeared in the early 20th century because people killed them for their fur and bones. Sadly, only 40 were left in the wild at that time. In fact, they’re still in trouble now because people keep hunting them. Also, forests are getting smaller because of illegal logging (非法伐木) and new roads. It’s hard for Amur tigers to find food and move around. In order to protect Amur tigers, countries and governments are setting up nature parks. Many people are working hard to save these tigers by stopping hunting and protecting their forests. Scientists believe there are about 540 Amur tigers living in the wild today. The situation is becoming better, but there’s still a long way to go. 5．Where do Amur tigers live? A．Northeastern China. B．Northwestern China. C．Southeastern China. D．Southwestern China. 6．What makes Amur tigers great hunters? A．They have thick fur to keep warm. B．Their eyesight is six times better than lions’. C．Their yellow stripes help them hide. D．They can run fast and travel long distances. 7．Why did Amur tigers almost disappear in the early 20th century? A．Because the weather got really cold. B．Because they had no water to drink. C．Because people hunt them for money. D．Because factories made much noise. 8．What is the writer’s purpose (意图) in writing the text? A．To help us learn more about forests. B．To call on us to protect wild animals. C．To show us the world’s biggest animal. D．To ask us to raise money for nature parks. 二、完形填空 阅读下面短文，从文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。 White Fang learned about the other animals that were around the house, too. In the Northland, where he came from, all small animals were 1 for any dog that was hungry. So, when he found a nice fat 2 here in California, he killed it and ate it as he did in the Northland. Later the same day, he found 3 , and one of the grooms (马夫) ran to save it, with a whip in his hand. He hit White Fang 4 it, and the dog cut his arm to the bone. The next day, the groom 5 Scott fifty dead chickens in the chicken yard. Scott talked angrily to White Fang and he 6 his master’s anger. Then Scott held White Fang’s nose next to a dead chicken and hit him quite 7 . His master later took him into the chicken yard, and they walked up and down together. 8 he went towards a chicken, his master’s voice stopped him. In this way he 9 not to kill chickens. He also learned that he 10 touch cats, turkeys and domesticated (家养的) rabbits, 11 that it was fine to kill wild rabbits, quail and squirrels. When he went into San Jose with his master, there were many rules. There were butcher’s shops where the meat hung in 12 reach, but he must not touch it. There were cats at some houses, but he had to leave them 13 . There were dogs everywhere, but he could not attack 14 . And there were little boys. They threw stones at him 15 he ran behind the carriage, but he was not able to run after them. —Adapted from White Fang 1．A．friends B．food C．kids D．rice 2．A．rabbit B．dog C．cat D．chicken 3．A．other B．the other C．another D．others 4．A．with B．by C．upon D．without 5．A．offered B．bought C．showed D．lent 6．A．wanted B．understood C．stopped D．accepted 7．A．hard B．quietly C．fast D．softly 8．A．Every day B．Everywhere C．Anywhere D．Every time 9．A．knew B．learned C．told D．advised 10．A．should not B．may not C．should D．may 11．A．and B．because C．but D．so 12．A．bad B．good C．difficult D．easy 13．A．lonely B．alone C．happy D．sad 14．A．it B．him C．them D．us 15．A．as B．while C．before D．after 三、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Yeshe Dolkar, 15 years old, still remembers the moment she saw snow leopards (雪豹) at Sanjiangyuan National Nature Reserve a year ago. On a cold snowy day, the girl was walking down a mountaintop with family 1 they saw two snow leopards near the Lancang River. Many wild animals living in the area are in danger. Since the middle of the 2 (twenty) century, the area of snow, grasslands and lakes in Sanjiangyuan has become smaller because of 3 (human). 4 (protect) the area and the wildlife there, China set up Sanjiangyuan National Nature Reserve on Jan 24, 2003. Over the last 20 years, the number of wild animals has become larger and larger. At 5 (little) 1,000 snow leopards can be found in the area. Local people have improved their understanding about environmental protection and have tried hard to look after the 6 (beauty) environment in Sanjiangyuan over the years. In Nangqen, local people mostly dig caterpillar fungus (冬虫夏草) in grasslands for a living. In the past they carried food with them in plastic (塑料的) bags and 7 (leave) the bags behind. But now people always take food waste down the mountains, according to Palden Wangchuk, 8 18-year-old young man. “The local government often invites people to pick up waste on the grasslands. 9 the help of the local government and people, the grasslands have put on a new look,” he said. “As Gen Zers, we should 10 (act) to protect our home and keep on living together with nature in harmony (和谐),” Palden Wangchuk added. 2 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1._______________ 2._______________ 3._______________ 4._______________ 5._______________ 6._______________ 7._______________ 8._______________ 9._______________ 10._______________ $ Unit 5 Wild animals 野生动物 话题阅读精练 模块 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 时文阅读 Passage 1 阅读理解 说明文 286 本文介绍了通过节约用水来帮助濒危动物 Passage 2 阅读理解 说明文 360 本文介绍了关于大象需知的 5 件事 实战演练 阅读理解 A 说明文 287 本文介绍了野猪给人们带来的困扰，以及应对野猪的方法和相关注意事项 B 说明文 269 本文介绍了东北虎面临的生存威胁和保护措施 完形填空 记叙文 288 本文介绍了狗狗白芳在新环境中学习新规矩的过程 语法填空 记叙文 272 本文介绍了三江源国家级自然保护区设立后，当地自然环境的变化 时文阅读 Passage 1 Save Water for Animals 为动物节水 Most of us think that animal endangerment is a big problem today, and we humans are part of this issue. According to NBC news, humans have made about 680 vertebrate species go extinct. Based on this, researchers say that more than a million species will disappear in the next few decades. This may sound scary, but there is hope! Young adults and teenagers can take simple actions now to make the natural world better. One of the easiest ways is to use less water. We all know that not having enough water is a big problem for humans. And as the world's population grows, this problem gets worse. Water scarcity doesn't just affect us; it often affects animals too. According to World Wildlife, research shows that only 3 percent of the water on Earth is fresh water, and more than 100,000 ecosystems need it. For example, many African species, including elephants and rhinos, depend on water to keep their families alive. When we use up all the available water, we take away the only thing that keeps these animals alive. According to Reset.org, using less water can be a big help to endangered animals. Statistics show that in the USA alone, each person uses 7,786 liters of water a day. We might not notice, but sometimes we use much more water than we need. Simple things like turning off the tap when brushing our teeth, taking shorter showers, and only washing clothes when necessary can help reduce water use in a good way. A shower usually uses about 15 gallons of water in 5 minutes. If everyone in my city took 5 minutes less in the shower, we would save a huge 75 million gallons of water every day! 我们大多数人都认为如今动物濒危是个大问题，而我们人类也是这个问题的一部分。据美国全国广播公司新闻报道，人类已导致约 680 种脊椎动物灭绝。基于此，研究人员称，未来几十年将有超过 100 万个物种消失。这听起来可能很可怕，但还是有希望的！年轻人和青少年现在就可以采取简单的行动来改善自然界。 其中一个最简单的方法就是节约用水。 我们都知道，水资源短缺对人类来说是个大问题。而且随着世界人口的增长，这个问题变得更严重了。水资源短缺不仅影响我们人类，往往也会影响动物。 据世界野生动物基金会称，研究表明地球上只有 3% 的水是淡水，而超过 10 万个生态系统都需要淡水。例如，许多非洲物种，包括大象和犀牛，都依靠水来维持它们族群的生存。当我们耗尽所有可用的水时，我们就夺走了维持这些动物生命的唯一东西。 据Reset.org网站报道，节约用水对濒危动物有很大帮助。数据显示，仅在美国，每个人每天就使用 7786 升水。我们可能没有注意到，但有时我们使用的水比实际需要的多得多。像刷牙时关掉水龙头、缩短淋浴时间、只在必要时洗衣服这些简单的事情，都能很好地帮助减少用水量。 淋浴通常 5 分钟就要用大约 15 加仑的水。如果我所在城市的每个人都少淋浴 5 分钟，我们每天就能节省多达 7500 万加仑的水！ 【长难句分析】 1.Based on this, researchers say that more than a million species will disappear in the next few decades. 翻译：基于此，研究人员称，未来几十年将有超过 100 万个物种消失。 分析：“Based on this” 是过去分词短语作状语；“researchers” 是主语，“say” 是谓语，后面接的是宾语从句，从句中 “more than a million species” 是主语，“will disappear” 是谓语，“in the next few decades” 是时间状语。 2.If everyone in my city took 5 minutes less in the shower, we would save a huge 75 million gallons of water every day! 翻译：如果我所在城市的每个人都少淋浴 5 分钟，我们每天就能节省多达 7500 万加仑的水！ 分析：这是一个虚拟条件句，“If” 引导的从句使用了一般过去时 “took”，主句使用 “would + 动词原形”，表示与现在事实相反的假设，强调节约用水的巨大潜力。 【重难词汇梳理】 1.endangerment /ɪnˈdeɪndʒəmənt/n. 濒危 2.vertebrate /ˈvɜːtɪbrət/n. 脊椎动物 3.extinct /ɪkˈstɪŋkt/adj. 灭绝的 4.species /ˈspiːʃiːz/n. 物种 5.decade /ˈdekeɪd/n. 十年 6.scarcity /ˈskeəsəti/n. 短缺 7.available /əˈveɪləbl/adj. 可获得的 8.statistics /stəˈtɪstɪks/n. 统计数据 9.gallon /ˈɡælən/n. 加仑（容量单位） Passage 2  5 things to know about the world’s largest land mammals关于世界上最大的陆地哺乳动物需知的 5 件事 Tell them apart by their ears There are three kinds of elephants: the African savanna (or bush) elephant, the African forest elephant, and the Asian elephant. The African savanna elephant and the Asian elephant are in danger, says the International Union for Conservation of Nature. The forest elephant is in very great danger. The easiest way to tell these elephants apart is by their ears. African elephants have bigger ears, and their shape is just like the African continent. African elephants also have two small, finger-like parts at the end of their trunks to hold things. Asian elephants, though, have only one. The biggest of all The African savanna elephant is the largest of the three kinds. It is also the biggest land animal on Earth. Adult male elephants weigh about 5,000 to 6,000 kilograms (that’s 11,000 to 13,000 pounds, or around six tons). Even baby savanna elephants weigh about 120 kilograms (265 pounds) when they are born. That’s heavier than the average NFL player! Trunks with lots of muscles An elephant’s trunk has about 150,000 muscles. Sean Hensman, an elephant expert in South Africa, says this makes the trunk “an amazing tool.” Elephants’ trunks have no bones, so they can curl or twist them in many ways. They can even make their trunks shorter or longer. Elephants use their trunks to suck up water and spray it into their mouths. They also use them to pick up food, or almost anything else they need to do. Too heavy to jump Elephants can’t jump. This is because they are so heavy. When elephants move, at least three of their feet must be on the ground at all times. But they can stand on their back legs if they need to reach food like fruits or leaves high up in trees. Elephants never forget? Many people think elephants have a great memory. Hensman says this is true. Elephants have a large temporal lobe — the part of the brain that controls memory. To live in some very harsh places, elephants need to remember where to find lots of food and water. That’s why a good memory is so important for them. 通过耳朵区分它们 大象有三种：非洲草原（或丛林）象、非洲森林象和亚洲象。国际自然保护联盟称，非洲草原象和亚洲象处于濒危状态，森林象则处于极度濒危状态。 区分这些大象最简单的方法是看它们的耳朵。非洲象的耳朵更大，形状就像非洲大陆。非洲象的象鼻末端还有两个小小的、像手指一样的部分，可以用来抓东西。而亚洲象只有一个。 所有大象中最大的 非洲草原象是这三种大象中最大的，也是地球上最大的陆地动物。成年雄象重约 5000 到 6000 公斤（即 11000 到 13000 磅，约 6 吨）。即使是草原象宝宝出生时也重约 120 公斤（265 磅），比美国国家橄榄球联盟的平均球员还要重！ 有很多肌肉的象鼻 大象的象鼻大约有 15 万块肌肉。南非的大象专家肖恩・亨斯曼说，这使得象鼻成为 “一种神奇的工具”。大象的象鼻没有骨头，所以它们可以以多种方式卷曲或扭转象鼻，甚至可以让象鼻变短或变长。大象用象鼻吸水然后喷进嘴里，也用象鼻捡食物，或者做几乎所有它们需要做的事情。 太重而不能跳 大象不会跳，这是因为它们太重了。当大象移动时，至少有三只脚必须同时着地。但如果需要够到树上高处的水果或树叶等食物，它们可以用后腿站立。 大象从不忘事？ 很多人认为大象记忆力很好。亨斯曼说这是真的。大象有很大的颞叶 —— 大脑中控制记忆的部分。为了在一些非常恶劣的环境中生存，大象需要记住在哪里能找到大量的食物和水。这就是为什么良好的记忆力对它们来说如此重要。 【长难句分析】 1.The easiest way to tell these elephants apart is by their ears. 翻译：区分这些大象最简单的方法是看它们的耳朵。 分析：“The easiest way” 是主语，“to tell these elephants apart” 是不定式短语作定语，修饰 “way”；“by their ears” 是表语，说明方式。 2.To live in some very harsh places, elephants need to remember where to find lots of food and water. 翻译：为了在一些非常恶劣的环境中生存，大象需要记住在哪里能找到大量的食物和水。 分析：“To live in some very harsh places” 是不定式短语作目的状语；“elephants” 是主语，“need” 是谓语，“to remember” 是不定式作宾语，“where to find lots of food and water” 是 “疑问词 + 不定式” 结构作 “remember” 的宾语。 【重难词汇梳理】 1.mammal /ˈmæml/n. 哺乳动物 2.endanger /ɪnˈdeɪndʒə(r)/v. 使濒危 3.conservation /ˌkɒnsəˈveɪʃn/n. 保护 4.trunk /trʌŋk/n. 象鼻 5.muscle /ˈmʌsl/n. 肌肉 6.curl /kɜːl/v. 卷曲 7.twist /twɪst/v. 扭转 8.harsh /hɑːʃ/adj. 恶劣的 9.temporal /ˈtemprəl/adj. 颞部的 10.lobe /ləʊb/n. （脑、肺等的）叶 实战演练 一、阅读理解 A ①Do you think wild boars (野猪) would be in a subway tunnel (隧道)? It happened in Nanjing on Nov 28. Wild boars are bringing us some problems these days. They run through cities, break into shops, and even hurt people. ②This is happening because there are too many of them! In recent years, the environment has got better. The wild boars live better and have more babies. There are about 2 million wild boars in China. They need more food and space, so they come into our towns. ③But can we just kill them all? That’s not a good idea. Every animal is important in nature. Wild boars eat dead animals. This stops diseases (疾病). They are like nature’s cleaners! They also dig up ground with their noses. This helps plants grow. ④What to do if you see a wild boar? Stay away! Wild boars are much stronger than pigs and can be very dangerous. A wild boar can jump 1 meter high. It weighs up to 200 kilograms. It runs at 40-70 kilometers per hour, as fast as a car. ⑤To solve the wild boar problem, we find out where the wild boars go and when they come out. This way, people can stay away from them. For example, in Jiangsu, people use 400 infrared cameras (红外相机) to watch the wild boars and make a “wild boar map”. We can also hunt (追捕) some wild boars, but we need a plan so we don’t hunt too many. In Ningxia, hunters plan to catch 300 wild boars this year to keep their numbers just right. 1．Why do wild boars come to towns? A．To clean up shops. B．To get food and space. C．To live with people. D．To look for their babies. 2．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The role of wild boars. B．The ways to kill wild boars. C．The danger of wild boars. D．The diseases from wild boars. 3．In Paragraph 4, how does the writer show wild boars are dangerous? A．By telling stories. B．By giving examples. C．By listing numbers. D．By showing opinions. 4．To work out the wild boar problem, we should ________. A．plan to catch wild boars B．hunt all the wild boars C．feed wild boars more D．give them more places 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了野猪给人们带来的困扰，以及应对野猪的方法和相关注意事项。 1．细节理解题。根据“They need more food and space, so they come into our towns.”可知，野猪来到城镇是为了获取食物和空间，故选B。 2．主旨大意题。根据“Wild boars eat dead animals. This stops diseases (疾病). They are like nature's cleaners! They also dig up ground with their noses. This helps plants grow.”可知，该段主要讲述了野猪在自然界中的作用，故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“A wild boar can jump 1 meter high. It weighs up to 200 kilograms. It runs at 40-70 kilometers per hour, as fast as a car.”可知，通过列举野猪能跳的高度、体重以及奔跑速度等数字，来表明野猪是危险的，故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据“To solve the wild boar problem, we find out where the wild boars go and when they come out. This way, people can stay away from them.”以及“We can also hunt (追捕) some wild boars, but we need a plan so we don’t hunt too many.”可知，为了解决野猪问题，我们应该有计划地捕捉野猪，故选A。 B Amur tigers, also known as Siberian tigers，live in the forests in the northeastern China and Russian Far East. Unlike lions that live in groups, tigers live alone. Amur tigers are really cool animals. They’re the world’s biggest cats. A grown-up Amur tiger can weigh up to 600 pounds. A hungry one can even eat more than 50 pounds in one night. Amur tigers are great hunters (猎手). They have thick yellow fur with black stripes (条纹), and each tiger’s stripe pattern is different. The stripes help them hide when they hunt. Amur tigers usually hunt at night because they have great eyesight and hearing. Their eyesight is six times better than ours. They can run fast and travel long distances to find food like deer, wild boar, and even smaller bears. Amur tigers are in danger. They almost disappeared in the early 20th century because people killed them for their fur and bones. Sadly, only 40 were left in the wild at that time. In fact, they’re still in trouble now because people keep hunting them. Also, forests are getting smaller because of illegal logging (非法伐木) and new roads. It’s hard for Amur tigers to find food and move around. In order to protect Amur tigers, countries and governments are setting up nature parks. Many people are working hard to save these tigers by stopping hunting and protecting their forests. Scientists believe there are about 540 Amur tigers living in the wild today. The situation is becoming better, but there’s still a long way to go. 5．Where do Amur tigers live? A．Northeastern China. B．Northwestern China. C．Southeastern China. D．Southwestern China. 6．What makes Amur tigers great hunters? A．They have thick fur to keep warm. B．Their eyesight is six times better than lions’. C．Their yellow stripes help them hide. D．They can run fast and travel long distances. 7．Why did Amur tigers almost disappear in the early 20th century? A．Because the weather got really cold. B．Because they had no water to drink. C．Because people hunt them for money. D．Because factories made much noise. 8．What is the writer’s purpose (意图) in writing the text? A．To help us learn more about forests. B．To call on us to protect wild animals. C．To show us the world’s biggest animal. D．To ask us to raise money for nature parks. 【答案】5．A 6．D 7．C 8．B 【导语】本文介绍了东北虎面临的生存威胁和保护措施。 5．细节理解题。根据第一段“live in the forests in the northeastern China and Russian Far East.”可知，东北虎生活在中国东北和俄罗斯远东。故选A。 6．细节理解题。根据第三段“Amur tigers are great hunters (猎手).”以及“They can run fast and travel long distances to find food like deer, wild boar, and even smaller bears.”可知，东北虎是优秀的猎手是因为他们可以快速奔跑并能长距离寻找食物。故选D。 7．细节理解题。根据第四段“They almost disappeared in the early 20th century because people killed them for their fur and bones.”可知，20 世纪初期，东北虎几乎消失是因为人们为了获得他们的皮毛和骨头而猎杀他们。可归为因经济利益而猎杀。故选C。 8．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，介绍了东北虎面临的生存威胁和保护措施。旨在呼吁人们保护野生动物。故选B。 二、完形填空 阅读下面短文，从文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。 White Fang learned about the other animals that were around the house, too. In the Northland, where he came from, all small animals were 1 for any dog that was hungry. So, when he found a nice fat 2 here in California, he killed it and ate it as he did in the Northland. Later the same day, he found 3 , and one of the grooms (马夫) ran to save it, with a whip in his hand. He hit White Fang 4 it, and the dog cut his arm to the bone. The next day, the groom 5 Scott fifty dead chickens in the chicken yard. Scott talked angrily to White Fang and he 6 his master’s anger. Then Scott held White Fang’s nose next to a dead chicken and hit him quite 7 . His master later took him into the chicken yard, and they walked up and down together. 8 he went towards a chicken, his master’s voice stopped him. In this way he 9 not to kill chickens. He also learned that he 10 touch cats, turkeys and domesticated (家养的) rabbits, 11 that it was fine to kill wild rabbits, quail and squirrels. When he went into San Jose with his master, there were many rules. There were butcher’s shops where the meat hung in 12 reach, but he must not touch it. There were cats at some houses, but he had to leave them 13 . There were dogs everywhere, but he could not attack 14 . And there were little boys. They threw stones at him 15 he ran behind the carriage, but he was not able to run after them. —Adapted from White Fang 1．A．friends B．food C．kids D．rice 2．A．rabbit B．dog C．cat D．chicken 3．A．other B．the other C．another D．others 4．A．with B．by C．upon D．without 5．A．offered B．bought C．showed D．lent 6．A．wanted B．understood C．stopped D．accepted 7．A．hard B．quietly C．fast D．softly 8．A．Every day B．Everywhere C．Anywhere D．Every time 9．A．knew B．learned C．told D．advised 10．A．should not B．may not C．should D．may 11．A．and B．because C．but D．so 12．A．bad B．good C．difficult D．easy 13．A．lonely B．alone C．happy D．sad 14．A．it B．him C．them D．us 15．A．as B．while C．before D．after 【答案】 1．B 2．D 3．C 4．A 5．C 6．B 7．A 8．D 9．B 10．A 11．C 12．D 13．B 14．C 15．A 【导语】本文节选自《白芳传奇》，讲述了狗狗白芳在新环境中学习新规矩的过程。 1．句意：在他来自的北国，所有的小动物都是任何饥饿的狗的食物。 friends朋友；food食物；kids孩子；rice大米。根据“for any dog that was hungry”可知此处指“在北方所有的小动物对饥饿的狗来说都是食物”。故选B。 2．句意：所以，当他在加利福尼亚发现一只肥美的鸡时，他把它杀了，像在北国一样吃了。 rabbit兔子；dog狗；cat猫；chicken鸡。根据下文“In this way he learned not to kill chickens.”通过这种方式，他学会了不杀鸡；可知此处指“发现一只肥美的鸡”。故选D。 3．句意：同一天晚些时候，他发现了另一只（鸡），其中一个马夫手里拿着鞭子跑去救它。 other其他的，形容词；the other（二者）另一个，代词；another另一个，代词/另一个的，形容词；others其他的，指代复数名词。根据上文“when he found a nice fat chicken…”可知此处指“他又发现了一只”。故选C。 4．句意：他用它打了白芳，狗把他的胳膊咬到了骨头。 with和；by在……旁边；upon在……上；without没有。根据上文“with a whip in his hand”可知此处指“用鞭子打白芳”。故选A。 5．句意：第二天，马夫给斯科特看了鸡场里五十只死鸡。 offered提供；bought买；showed显示；lent借给。根据“Scott talked angrily to White Fang”可知此处指“马夫给斯科特看了死鸡，斯科特愤怒地和白芳说话”。故选C。 6．句意：斯科特愤怒地和白芳说话，他理解主人的愤怒。 wanted想要；understood理解；stopped停止；accepted认可。根据“Scott talked angrily to White Fang”马夫给斯科特看了死鸡，斯科特愤怒地和白芳说话；可知此处指“他理解主人的愤怒”。故选B。 7．句意：然后斯科特把白芳的鼻子放在一只死鸡旁边，狠狠地打了他一顿。 hard努力地；quietly安静地；fast快地；softly柔和地。根据“Scott talked angrily to White Fang …his master’s anger” 斯科特愤怒地和白芳说话，他理解主人的愤怒；可知此处指“狠狠地打了白芳一顿”。故选A。 8．句意：每次他走向一只鸡，主人的声音都会阻止他。 Every day每天；Everywhere到处；Anywhere任何地方；Every time每一次。根据“His master later took him into the chicken yard, and they walked up and down together.” 他的主人后来把他带进了养鸡场，他们一起走来走去；可知此处指“每次他走向一只鸡，主人的声音都会阻止他”。故选D。 9．句意：通过这种方式，他学会了不杀鸡。 knew认识；learned学习；told告诉；advised建议。根据“Every time he went towards a chicken, his master’s voice stopped him.” 每次他走向一只鸡，主人的声音都会阻止他；可知此处指“通过这种方式，他学会了不杀鸡”。故选B。 10．句意：他还学到，他不应该碰猫、火鸡和家兔，但杀死野兔、鹌鹑和松鼠是可以的。 should not不应该；may not可能不会；should应该；may可能。根据“In this way he learned not to kill chickens.”通过这种方式，他学会了不杀鸡；可知此处指“他还学到，他不应该碰猫、火鸡和家兔”。故选A。 11．句意：他还学到，他不应该碰猫、火鸡和家兔，但杀死野兔、鹌鹑和松鼠是可以的。 and和；because因为；but但是；so所以。根据“he should not touch cats, turkeys and domesticated rabbits”和下文“that it was fine to kill wild rabbits, quail and squirrels.”可知含有转折含义，指“不应该碰猫、火鸡和家兔，但杀死野兔、鹌鹑和松鼠是可以的”。故选C。 12．句意：肉铺里的肉挂在触手可及的地方，但他不能碰它。 bad坏的；good好的；difficult困难的；easy容易的。根据but表转折意义，可知此处指“肉挂在触手可及的地方，但他不能碰它”。故选D。 13．句意：有些房子里有猫，但他不能干扰它们。 lonely孤独的；alone单独的；happy快乐的；sad悲伤的。根据“There were butcher’s shops where the meat hung in easy reach, but he must not touch it.”不能碰触手可及的肉；可知此处指“不能干扰猫”；leave... alone“不打扰……”。故选B。 14．句意：到处都是狗，但他不能攻击它们。 it它；him他；them他们；us我们。根据“There were butcher’s shops where the meat hung in easy reach, but he must not touch it…”不能碰触手可及的肉，不能干扰猫；可知此处指“不能攻击狗”，用them指代“dogs”。故选C。 15．句意：还有几个小男孩，当他跑到马车后面时，他们向他扔石头，但他不能追他们。 As当……时候，强调“正当、一边……一边……随着”；while 当……时候，强调主从句的动词同时发生，通常用进行时态；before在……之前；after在……之后。根据“he ran behind the carriage”可知此处用as。故选A。 三、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Yeshe Dolkar, 15 years old, still remembers the moment she saw snow leopards (雪豹) at Sanjiangyuan National Nature Reserve a year ago. On a cold snowy day, the girl was walking down a mountaintop with family 1 they saw two snow leopards near the Lancang River. Many wild animals living in the area are in danger. Since the middle of the 2 (twenty) century, the area of snow, grasslands and lakes in Sanjiangyuan has become smaller because of 3 (human). 4 (protect) the area and the wildlife there, China set up Sanjiangyuan National Nature Reserve on Jan 24, 2003. Over the last 20 years, the number of wild animals has become larger and larger. At 5 (little) 1,000 snow leopards can be found in the area. Local people have improved their understanding about environmental protection and have tried hard to look after the 6 (beauty) environment in Sanjiangyuan over the years. In Nangqen, local people mostly dig caterpillar fungus (冬虫夏草) in grasslands for a living. In the past they carried food with them in plastic (塑料的) bags and 7 (leave) the bags behind. But now people always take food waste down the mountains, according to Palden Wangchuk, 8 18-year-old young man. “The local government often invites people to pick up waste on the grasslands. 9 the help of the local government and people, the grasslands have put on a new look,” he said. “As Gen Zers, we should 10 (act) to protect our home and keep on living together with nature in harmony (和谐),” Palden Wangchuk added. 2 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1._______________ 2._______________ 3._______________ 4._______________ 5._______________ 6._______________ 7._______________ 8._______________ 9._______________ 10._______________ 【答案】 1．when 2．twentieth 3．humans 4．To protect 5．least 6．beautiful 7．left 8．an 9．With 10．act 【导语】本文主要讲述三江源国家级自然保护区设立后，当地自然环境变得越来越好了。 1．句意：在那个寒冷的雪天，女孩和家人正从山顶往下走，这时他们在澜沧江附近看到了两只雪豹。根据“On a cold snowy day, the girl was walking down a mountaintop with family ... they saw two snow leopards near the Lancang River.”可知，女孩和家人正从山顶往下走，应该是“在这时”他们在澜沧江附近看到了两只雪豹，when“在这时”。故填when。 2．句意：自20世纪中叶以来，由于人类活动的影响，三江源地区的积雪、草原和湖泊面积已经变小了。根据“Since the middle of ... century”可知，此处表示“二十世纪”，用“the+序数词+century”的结构，twenty的序数词是twentieth。故填twentieth。 3．句意：自20世纪中叶以来，由于人类活动的影响，三江源地区的积雪、草原和湖泊面积已经变小了。根据“the area of snow, grasslands and lakes in Sanjiangyuan has become smaller because of ...”可知，human意为“人类”，是可数名词，需填入复数形式。故填humans。 4．句意：为了更好地保护该地区和野生动物，中国于2003年1月24日建立了三江源国家级自然保护区。根据“... the area and the wildlife there, China set up Sanjiangyuan National Nature Reserve on Jan 24, 2003.”可知，应该是“为了”更好地保护该地区和野生动物，中国建立了三江源国家级自然保护区，此处需在动词前加动词不定式表示目的。故填To protect。 5．句意：在这一区域，至少能发现一千只雪豹。根据“At ... 1,000 snow leopards... ”可知，固定搭配at least“至少”符合语境。故填least。 6．句意：多年来，当地民众已经提高了他们对于环境保护的认知，并努力去保护三江源地区的环境。根据“... have tried hard to look after the ... environment.”可知，修饰名词要用形容词，beautiful“美丽的”符合语境。故填beautiful。 7．句意：在过去，他们把食物装在塑料袋里随身携带，用完就把袋子留下了。根据“In the past they carried food with them in plastic (塑料的) bags and ... the bags behind.”可知，该句时态为一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式，leave的过去式是left，在句中意为“留下”。故填left。 8．句意：然而，据18岁的年轻人Palden Wangchuk说，现在人们总是把食物垃圾带下山。根据“according to Palden Wangchuk, ... 18-year-old young man”可知，需填入不定冠词，表示“一个18岁的年轻人”，“18-year-old”以元音音素开头，用不定冠词an。故填an。 9．句意：在当地政府和人民的帮助下，草原面貌焕然一新。根据“... the help of the local government and people”可知，句中包含短语“with the help of...”，意为“在……的帮助下”，句首字母要大写。故填With。 10．句意：Palden Wangchuk补充道：“作为Z世代（指出生在1995年至2010年之间）的一代人，我们应该采取行动保护我们的家园，继续与自然和谐相处”。情态动词后跟动词原形。故填act。 $