专题06 七选五（期中真题汇编，北京专用）高二英语上学期

专题06 七选五 主题01 人与自然——人与动植物 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·北京八一学校·期中） Giant Panda Is No Longer Endangered A leading international group has taken the giant panda off its endangered list thanks to decades of conservation efforts, but China's government is unwilling to accept the change, saying it did not view the status of the country's beloved symbol as any less serious. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) said in a report that the panda is now classified as a “vulnerable” instead of “endangered” species, reflecting its growing numbers in the wild in southern China. 1 That is the result of work by Chinese agencies to carry out hunting bans and expand forest reserves. In a statement, China's State Forestry Administration said that it doubted the classification change because pandas' natural habitats have been mainly separated by human causes.The animals live in small, isolated groups of as few as 10 pandas that struggle to reproduce and face the risk of disappearing altogether.If we relax our conservation work, the populations and habitats of giant pandas would still suffer a great loss. 2 Therefore, we're not being alarmist (危言耸听的) by continuing to emphasize the panda species' endangered status. 3 John Howard, a senior official at World Society for the Protection of Animals, expressed his satisfaction over the effective measures taken by the Chinese government.The Chinese government and the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) first established the Wolong National Nature Reserve in Sichuan province in 1980.Wild panda numbers have since slowly rebounded as China cracked down on the skin trade. 4 Over the last few decades, international groups and the Chinese government have worked to save wild pandas and breed them in face of their extinction.It is not surprising that the WWF, whose logo has been a panda since 1961, celebrated the panda's re-classification. 5 A．As a result, our achievements would be quickly lost. B．The wild panda population jumped to 1,864 in 2014 from 1,596 in 2004. C．Still, other animal protection organizations praised the recovery of the pandas. D．Panda has long been a symbol of China and the global conservation movement. E．And China gradually expanded its protected forest areas to cover 1.4 million hectares now. F．Some pandas have been sent to zoos around the world as a gesture of Chinese diplomatic goodwill. G．It says that aggressive investment does pay off when science, political will and engagement come together. Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·北京八中·期中） Growing plants is often seen as a very “green” thing to do, but like many products, they take a huge amount of energy to produce. 6 For example, they use geothermal(地热的) energy to heat greenhouses and solar power to supply electricity and lighting. While domestic growing doesn’t involve the same carbon footprint as commercial growing, it’s important to consider what we can all do to minimize our own impact while still enjoying growing plants. Over-consumption of plants is a big issue. It’s so easy to get overexcited when you see all these incredible plants, and you can end up carrying home huge numbers of them. 7 The more plants you have, the more limited your time and resources become, and plants can suffer. This leads to another issue-many people may end up throwing away their plants which don’t look perfect or stop flowering, in a similar way to the world of fast fashion. 8 . If you are ready and able to increase your collection, propagate(繁殖) from your own plants rather than buying more, and share plants with others. 9 Meanwhile, we can build a community of like-minded, passionate plant people. Recycling takes a huge amount of input, which can end up more damaging to the environment, so instead of buying something of lower quality that needs replacing every year, buy fewer things of a higher quality. 10 And they can be passed down the generations. A．But large collections call for an enormous amount of work. B．Many commercial growers continue to market their produce. C．This removes the need to buy plants and encourages a sharing culture. D．These will last many years and be more cost-effective in the long term. E．So it’s important to assess your collection and buy plants you have time to look after. F．Throwing them away will greatly reduce your gardening footprint on the environment. G．Many large-scale growers have used technology to minimize their impact on the environment. 主题02 人与社会——科学科普 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·北京第八十中学·期中） Lifelong Musicians Have Better Hearing Playing a musical instrument throughout your life protects your hearing, a Canadian study suggests. The study, which was published in Psychology and Aging, carried out hearing tests on 74 adult musicians and 89 non-musicians. 11 Action on Hearing Loss said all people - including musicians - should try to prevent hearing damage. 12 By sixty, 10-30% of people have moderate hearing loss. By eighty, that goes up to as many as 60%. Problems are particularly seen in the central auditory processing system, which is associated with understanding speech, especially when there is background noise. Then a research, by a team at the Rotman Research Institute in Toronto, looked at adults who were affected as they aged. They chose both musicians and non-musicians from the age of 18 to 91 and divided them into different groups based on the age. Again musicians were significantly better at picking out speech against noise in all the age ranges. 13 Benjamin Zendel, who was part of the research team, said: “We found that being a musician may contribute to better hearing in old age, probably due to musicians using their hearing systems at a high level on a regular basis. This advantage widened considerably for musicians as they got older when compared to similar-aged non-musicians.” This study suggests that musicians might be more able to deal with the consequences of hearing loss. 14 As Dr. Ralph Holme said, all people-including musicians-should try to prevent hearing damage in the first place. It’s necessary for everyone who plays a musical instrument or listens to loud music to wear hearing protection. 15 A．Hearing normally declines as people age. B．Previous studies explained the reasons for hearing loss. C．That can effectively reduce the risk of damaging their hearing permanently. D．Still, it is far better to minimize damage by using appropriate ear protection. E．They believed musicians are also likely to experience age-related hearing problems. F．The researchers concluded that lifelong musicianship delays age-related changes in hearing. G．It found a 70-year-old musician’s hearing was as good as that of a 50-year-old who didn’t play. Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·北京北师大附中·期中） Discovering Your True Self Is Vital to Happiness! Have you found focusing on yourself is at the bottom of the to-do list, because you feel everyone else in your life comes first? 16 Now is exactly the perfect time to get to know yourself in order to understand yourself. This isn’t just about identifying your favorite outfit, haircut or flavor of ice cream. 17 It’s an opportunity for personal growth that can help you make better choices for your wellbeing and lifelong happiness. There are many tools to help you develop a deeper sense of yourself, including journaling and other forms of creative expression. You can use a guided journal to explore your thoughts and feelings or just free write whatever comes to mind. It’s up to you what you want to do. 18 . 19 Take note of how you respond to people, what makes you happy, and what makes you unhappy. This can help you identify patterns that are holding you back, such as feeling insecure or being easily angered. Once you’ve identified these patterns, you can work to change them. An often overlooked yet very important factor in self-discovery is having healthy boundaries in your personal life. 20 Clearly communicating your boundaries is also a way to show others that you are in control of your own behavior and can expect the same from them. This is a sign of maturity and respect, two characteristics that are key to having healthy relationships. A．It’s one thing to know your personal type. B．It’s a great way to show that you care about others. C．Taking time for ourselves has been looked down upon. D．Another way is to observe your behavior in different situations. E．It allows you to focus on the needs of yourself without ignoring others. F．But try not to get caught up in the criticism or judgment of your writing. G．It’s about understanding your inner world and how you fit into the outer world. Passage 3 （24-25学年高二上·北京牛栏山一中·期中） The teenage years are probably the most unsettled and stressful years in a person’s life. Teens experience significant physical, emotional, social and cognitive changes. And teens of today face more challenges as they go through more uncertain times of the 21st century. 21 As teens experience massive physical, social and emotional changes, the challenges are managing social expectations of ideal body images, developing their identity and finding their place in the world. In the past, a teen who was criticized for his or her larger figure or pimpled (有粉刺的) face, might feel embarrassed and dejected in school. 22 Constant comparison and endless posts of picture — perfect images and lives give teens greater pressure to follow current fashion trends. The Wall Street Journal reported that Instagram made body images worse for one in three teenage girls. 23 Statistics show that most cases of cyber bullying take place on popular social media sites such as Facebook, Instagram, Snapchats and Twitter, where cyber bullies make emotionally scarring comments. These can be made publicly on a teen’s social media account. 24 As a result, cyber bullying can be more threatening than traditional bullying because it can be shared and viewed repeatedly on social media. In this age of social media, it is also important for teens to learn to cultivate positive, and healthy relationships with people. There have been many discussions about new technologies and ways of working, such as artificial intelligence (AI) and automation, which will impact future jobs. 25 . Unlike in the past, the situation is different today as AI and automation are causing some jobs to disappear. Teens will have to meet this challenge by adopting an attitude of lifelong learning, and keeping paces with technology. A．They can also be spread quickly by sharing with others. B．Furthermore, social media has taken bullying to a new level. C．The future has always been a dreamland for teens to anticipate. D．Today, these same sufferings can be expanded by social media. E．Social media, and technological advances are posing new challenges. F．Additionally, social media is a strong tool for a teen to defend himself. G．The challenge for a teen today is preparing for a largely unknown future. 主题01 人与社会——现代技术　 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·北京101中·期中） Digital Medicine Could the next suggestion from your doctor be downloading an app? Collectively known as digital medicine, a large number of apps in use or under development can now detect or monitor mental and physical disorders or directly administer therapies. 26 Many detection aids rely on mobile devices to record such features as users’ voices, locations, facial expressions, exercise and sleep; then they apply artificial intelligence to mark the possible change of a condition. Some smart watches, for instance, contain a sensor that automatically detects and warns people of a dangerous heart rate. 27 These wearable detection aids will not replace a doctor any time soon but can be helpful partners in stressing concerns that need follow-up. 28 Some are being developed to detect things such as cancerous DNA, stomach bleeds, body temperature and oxygen levels. The sensors inside your body can then send the data to apps for recording. 29 For the most part, those intended to diagnose or treat disorders must be proved safe and effective in clinical trials and earn regulatory approval; some may need a doctor’s permission. Clearly, society must move into the future of digital medicine with care — ensuring that the apps go through strict testing, protect privacy and go smoothly into doctors’ work. With such protections in place, healthcare costs could be saved by marking unhealthy behaviours and helping people to make changes before diseases set in. 30 For researchers, the patterns that emerge will provide them with novel ideas for how best to build healthier habits and prevent diseases. A．For doctors, applying AI to the data from these apps could help them personalize patient care. B．These data also help doctors detect diseases and help patients change their behaviors. C．Other similar tools can detect breathing disorders, depression and other conditions. D．They can both help diagnose symptoms and enhance traditional medical care. E．Detection aids can also take the form of eatable and sensor-bearing pills. F．Digital medicine has been widely used in all aspects of life nowadays. G．Not all healthcare apps can be used as digital medicine. Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·北京育才学校·期中） Farms of the Future Skyscrapers(摩天大楼) are the ultimate symbol of urban life. By 2050, almost 80 percent of the earth’s population could live in cities. The human population could increase to 9.1 billion people yet the amount of land available for farming will be the same. 31 Vertical farms, where farmers could grow crops in environmentally friendly skyscrapers, could be the solution. In spite of concerns over high costs, experts want to make these urban farms a reality and use these skyscrapers to grow crops. 32 Vertical farms would have many advantages, experts say. The food would be grown with minimal effects on the environment. Unlike traditional farming, vertical farming would not force animals out of their habitats by taking over large areas of land, nor would it pollute the air with the use of heavy farming equipment. 33 These have been well recognized. Growing prosperity has led to many people demanding that all foods are available all year round. Indoor farming could produce crops constantly and crops would not suffer from weather-related problems like drought or flooding. In addition, the use of agricultural chemicals for controlling insects would be minimal. 34 They point out that although crops growing in a tall glass building would get natural sunlight during the day, it wouldn’t be enough. The plants closest to the windows would grow much more quickly than the plants further inside. The plants growing away from the windows may not produce as many or as high quality vegetables. 35 They would need additional light sources. Experts agree that the new farming practices are needed to support the planet’s need for more and more food at affordable costs, both to the farmer and to the consumer. Vertical farms may be a small-scale answer, but the best ideas could be yet to come. A．Still, there are some people who are critical of vertical farms. B．That is where vertical farms are often needed for year-round crops. C．So how to meet the increasing food needs of our planet could be a big problem. D．For these reasons, natural light cannot be a workable solution for vertical farms. E．Vertically grown food is grown in environmentally controlled conditions in big cities. F．Those farms would also reduce the cost and negative effects of transporting food over distances. G．They believe that we can increase the food production by changing our thinking from out to up. 主题02 人与自我——方法与哲理 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·北京广渠门中学·期中） How much time do you spend doing research before you make a decision? There are people who go over every detail exhaustively before making a choice. 36 Psychologists call this way of thinking a cognitive bias (偏见), a tendency toward a specific mental mistake. To study “jumping”, we examined decision-making patterns among more than 600 people from the general population. We found that jumpers made more errors than non-jumpers on problems that require thoughtful analysis. 37 In a quiz about US civics, they overestimated the chance that their answers were right much more than other participants did – even when their answers were wrong. So what is behind “jumping”? Psychological researchers commonly distinguish between two pathways of thought: automatic system, which reflects ideas that come to the mind easily, spontaneously and without effort, and controlled system including conscious and effortful reasoning. Jumpers and non-jumpers are equally influenced by automatic thoughts. 38 It is the controlled system that helps people avoid mental biases introduced by the automatic system. As a result, jumpers were more likely to accept the conclusions made at first blush without further questioning. A lack of controlled thinking is also more broadly connected to their problematic beliefs and faulty reasoning. 39 A method called metacognitive training can be used to target their biases, which can help people think more deliberatively. In this training, participants are confronted with their own biases. They can learn about the missteps and other ways of thinking through the problem at hand. It helps to chip away at participants’ overconfidence. In everyday life, the question of whether we should think things through or instead go with our guts is a frequent and important one. 40 Sometimes the most important decision we make can be to take some more time before making a choice. A．Happily, there may be some hope for jumpers. B．Also, jumpers had problems with overconfidence. C．But a fair number of individuals are quick to jump to conclusions. D．It is certainly possible for them to overthink things to take a decision. E．We plan to continue the work to trace other problems introduced by jumping. F．The jumpers, however, did not engage in controlled reasoning to the same degree as non-jumpers. G．Recent studies show that even gathering just a little bit more evidence may help us avoid a major mistake. Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·北京人大附中·期中） How to Handle Being Laughed at Behind Your Back The feeling that you are being laughed at behind your back is a common and often upsetting phobia. You do not, however, have to feel down about yourself. Take a critical eye to the situation and take action to remove the negative influences they may have on you. If you think someone is laughing at you behind your back, take a step back to assess the situation. 41 Ask yourself if you have done anything new or noteworthy recently. Good news or performance may inspire people to laugh with you, rather than at you. Do not upset yourself by your own suspicion. 42 Decide if they are the type of people that you want in your life. If you think a friend or peer is laughing at you, ask yourself, “Do I really want to keep a close relationship with this type of person?” If the answer is no, then you can end the friendship. If you find a rival or bully is the one mocking you, pay them no attention. Remove them from your life simply by not feeding their desire to upset you. 43 Someone may mock you because they don’t understand something in your life. Perhaps you are more focused on work or school than they are, or perhaps you have different interests. Tell yourself that your choices are valid and they don’t need other’s approval. 44 They may not have the guts to wear clothing that is very different from what is trendy, for instance, but you do. Tell yourself, “This person has no power to make me feel bad about something in my life simply because they are insecure.” Don’t be modest. Every time you hear about someone laughing at you, pause and think to yourself, “They’re wrong and I’m a wonderful person.” Do this until you’re convinced. Make it more real in your mind by backing it up with reasons why you genuinely like yourself. Tell yourself something like, “I am intelligent, resourceful, and I can make amazing cookies, and that makes me wonderful.” 45 It may be hard to believe while you are hurting, but the more you say it to yourself the more likely you are to start believing it. Even on days when you don’t hear about someone laughing at you, remind yourself that you are wonderful and others don’t determine how you view yourself. A．People laughing at you are looking for attention. B．Keep repeating this to yourself, no matter how hard or silly it may seem. C．If they believe their words have lost impact, they will eventually move on. D．Take a look at the person or people you think are laughing behind your back. E．Look at what you know to see if this person or these people are really mocking you. F．Someone may also mock you because they are insecure about something that you are not insecure about. G．It’s important to remember that you can’t control other people and you can’t stop them from laughing. Passage 3 （24-25学年高二上·北京交大附中·期中） Is Managing Kids’ Screen Time a Good Idea? Screen time is a big topic of conversation in today's households, particularly during the pandemic when online education hours have multiplied for many students. 46 They hope to spare their kids from the countless challenges that technology can bring. Yet the challenges of screen time overuse seldom come from kids' devices themselves, but rather from the tense relationships that technology can bring to families. 47 But technology has positive benefits too. Since every child and family is different, managing screen time calls for joint family decision-making. If parents believe they can manage a child's screen time through adolescence, they are not only fooling themselves but also inviting relationship trouble with their teens. It is a myth to think that parents can or should manage their kids’ screen time through authoritarian restrictions, even during elementary school. 48 When children are left out of those decisions, they often become less communicative with parents and siblings. This is the opposite of what parents want to achieve. 49 From early ages, children are quite capable of understanding that a good life involves awareness and balance. Just as they learn right from wrong, and good from bad, they can also learn to use technology in healthy ways. Learning how to regulate oneself and develop healthy behaviors is one of the primary tasks of childhood and adolescence. What happens when an adult tries to regulate a child is that the child misses out on the opportunity to learn for themselves. Enforced restrictions can also make children feel helpless and less confident. To be clear, this article is not suggesting that families never use apps or trackers, or that there should be no restrictions on screen time. 50 Parents should give voice to children and involve them in the planning and decision-making process. A．Of course, there are websites that are unhealthy for kids to access. B．To manage children’s screen time, parents have invested in apps and trackers. C．To get children involved, parents should trust and develop kids’ self-awareness. D．The alternative is to involve children in decisions that govern screen time. E．The goal is to see, hear, feel, and understand how children view screen time. F．However, every family needs a family media plan between family members. G．What it is suggesting is that parents look at managing screen time in a different way. Passage 4 （24-25学年高二上·北京理工附中·期中） “Find your passion!” When discussing future career options or selecting a major in college, your parents often say this. The very expression is meant to inspire. But is it good advice? “Finding” a passion implies that it already exists and is simply waiting to be discovered. Unfortunately, this idea is not what science tells us. 51 To study this, researchers use a framework of  “fixed” and “growth” mindsets.They argue that encouraging people to “find” their passion may cause them to eventually believe that interests and passions are inborn and relatively unchangeable. 52 In contrast, people who view interests and passions as developed have a growth mindset of interest. Researchers have revealed that a fixed mindset of interest can decrease creativity. If people believe they are limited to only a few inborn interests and, in consequence, do not explore other areas, they may miss seeing important connections across domains. 53 Evidently, people can do a lot to embrace a growth mindset of interest. First, realize that your interests and passions aren’t pre-existing. Take an active role in developing your passions. Second, practise positive self-talk. When you lack interest in a new task, pay attention to your inner dialogue. 54 For example, change “I’m not interested in this” to “I’m not interested in this yet, but I know that interest can develop with time and engagement.” 55 But a growth mindset of interest will help you remain open and curious. The science tells us we should work toward loving what we do. We might become more creative and resilient as a result. A．So can a growth mindset of interest be taught? B．Instead passions, like interests, are developed. C．People who think this have a fixed mindset of interest. D．Of course, not every activity will become a burning passion. E．As such,seeing interests as fixed limits their creative potential. F．Don’t expect that pursuing new interests will always be easy or exciting. G．Replace self-critical thoughts with positive ones that encourage growth and learning. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题06 七选五 主题01 人与自然——人与动植物 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·北京八一学校·期中） Giant Panda Is No Longer Endangered A leading international group has taken the giant panda off its endangered list thanks to decades of conservation efforts, but China's government is unwilling to accept the change, saying it did not view the status of the country's beloved symbol as any less serious. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) said in a report that the panda is now classified as a “vulnerable” instead of “endangered” species, reflecting its growing numbers in the wild in southern China. 1 That is the result of work by Chinese agencies to carry out hunting bans and expand forest reserves. In a statement, China's State Forestry Administration said that it doubted the classification change because pandas' natural habitats have been mainly separated by human causes.The animals live in small, isolated groups of as few as 10 pandas that struggle to reproduce and face the risk of disappearing altogether.If we relax our conservation work, the populations and habitats of giant pandas would still suffer a great loss. 2 Therefore, we're not being alarmist (危言耸听的) by continuing to emphasize the panda species' endangered status. 3 John Howard, a senior official at World Society for the Protection of Animals, expressed his satisfaction over the effective measures taken by the Chinese government.The Chinese government and the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) first established the Wolong National Nature Reserve in Sichuan province in 1980.Wild panda numbers have since slowly rebounded as China cracked down on the skin trade. 4 Over the last few decades, international groups and the Chinese government have worked to save wild pandas and breed them in face of their extinction.It is not surprising that the WWF, whose logo has been a panda since 1961, celebrated the panda's re-classification. 5 A．As a result, our achievements would be quickly lost. B．The wild panda population jumped to 1,864 in 2014 from 1,596 in 2004. C．Still, other animal protection organizations praised the recovery of the pandas. D．Panda has long been a symbol of China and the global conservation movement. E．And China gradually expanded its protected forest areas to cover 1.4 million hectares now. F．Some pandas have been sent to zoos around the world as a gesture of Chinese diplomatic goodwill. G．It says that aggressive investment does pay off when science, political will and engagement come together. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．E 5．G 【分析】本文是一篇说明文，大熊猫被The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)由“濒危物种”划归“易危物种”，文章分析了出现这一情况的原因等。 1．横线前句“the panda is now classified as a “vulnerable” instead of “endangered” species”提到大熊猫被划归“易危物种”而不是“濒危物种”，这是大熊猫数量增加的结果。B项“The wild panda population jumped to 1,864 in 2014 from 1,596 in 2004.”符合三项语境，所以B项正确。 2．横线前句“If we relax our conservation work, the populations and habitats of giant pandas would still suffer a great loss.”提到如果放松保护，大熊猫的数量和栖息地会遭受重大损失。后接“因此，我们的成果会很快失去”。A项“As a result, our achievements would be quickly lost.”符合上下文语境，故A项正确。 3．前面提到的是The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)对我们的表扬。该空后是World Society for the Protection of Animals和the World Wildlife Fund (WWF)对我们的表扬。C项“Still, other animal protection organizations praised the recovery of the pandas.”符合上下文语境，故C项正确。 4．前面提到“.Wild panda numbers have since slowly rebounded as China cracked down on the skin trade”中国政府严厉惩罚了熊猫皮交易，所以该空应该是中国政府的另外的一项保护大熊猫的举措。E项“And China gradually expanded its protected forest areas to cover 1.4 million hectares now.”中国政府拓宽大熊猫的领地属于另外一个保护大熊猫的措施。故E项正确。 5．横线前句“It is not surprising that the WWF, whose logo has been a panda since 1961, celebrated the panda's re-classification.”提到the WWF庆祝大熊猫被划归“易危物种”而不是“濒危物质”。而G项“It says that aggressive investment does pay off when science, political will and engagement come together.”解释了熊猫被重新归类的原因。故G项正确。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·北京八中·期中） Growing plants is often seen as a very “green” thing to do, but like many products, they take a huge amount of energy to produce. 6 For example, they use geothermal(地热的) energy to heat greenhouses and solar power to supply electricity and lighting. While domestic growing doesn’t involve the same carbon footprint as commercial growing, it’s important to consider what we can all do to minimize our own impact while still enjoying growing plants. Over-consumption of plants is a big issue. It’s so easy to get overexcited when you see all these incredible plants, and you can end up carrying home huge numbers of them. 7 The more plants you have, the more limited your time and resources become, and plants can suffer. This leads to another issue-many people may end up throwing away their plants which don’t look perfect or stop flowering, in a similar way to the world of fast fashion. 8 . If you are ready and able to increase your collection, propagate(繁殖) from your own plants rather than buying more, and share plants with others. 9 Meanwhile, we can build a community of like-minded, passionate plant people. Recycling takes a huge amount of input, which can end up more damaging to the environment, so instead of buying something of lower quality that needs replacing every year, buy fewer things of a higher quality. 10 And they can be passed down the generations. A．But large collections call for an enormous amount of work. B．Many commercial growers continue to market their produce. C．This removes the need to buy plants and encourages a sharing culture. D．These will last many years and be more cost-effective in the long term. E．So it’s important to assess your collection and buy plants you have time to look after. F．Throwing them away will greatly reduce your gardening footprint on the environment. G．Many large-scale growers have used technology to minimize their impact on the environment. 【答案】6．G 7．A 8．E 9．C 10．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了植物过度消耗所带来的危害，以及我们该如何做。 6．上文“Growing plants is often seen as a very “green” thing to do, but like many products, they take a huge amount of energy to produce.(种植植物通常被认为是一件非常“绿色”的事情，但是像许多产品一样，它们需要大量的能量来生产。)”提到种植植物需要大量的能量，下文“For example, they use geothermal(地热的) energy to heat greenhouses and solar power to supply electricity and lighting.(例如，他们利用地热能加热温室，利用太阳能供应电力和照明。)”举例说明种植者是如何减少种植对环境的影响，G项“许多大规模种植者已经使用技术来尽量减少对环境的影响。”符合，下文的“They”代指选项中的“Many large-scale growers”，故选G。 7．上文“It’s so easy to get overexcited when you see all these incredible plants, and you can end up carrying home huge numbers of them.(当你看到这些令人难以置信的植物时，你很容易过度兴奋，最后你可能会带回家大量的植物。)”提到将大量植物带回家，下文“The more plants you have, the more limited your time and resources become, and plants can suffer.(你拥有的植物越多，你的时间和资源就会变得越有限，植物就会受到伤害)”指出将大量植物带回家所产生的不好结果，即为什么不要将大量植物带回家，由此可知，空处引起下文，和上文是转折关系，也是指出为什么不要将大量植物带回家，A项“但是大量的植物收藏需要大量的工作。”符合，下文对此进行进一步解释，故选A。 8．上文“This leads to another issue-many people may end up throwing away their plants which don’t look perfect or stop flowering, in a similar way to the world of fast fashion. (这就引出了另一个问题——许多人可能最终会抛弃那些看起来不完美的植物，或者停止开花，就像快时尚界一样。)”可知，将大量植物带回家的结果是最终会抛弃那些看起来不完美的植物，空处对本段进行总结，告诉我们正确的做法是什么，E项“因此，重要的是评估你的收集且购买你有时间照顾的植物。”故选E。 9．上文“If you are ready and able to increase your collection, propagate(繁殖) from your own plants rather than buying more, and share plants with others. (如果你已经准备好并且能够增加你的收藏，那么你要用你自己的植物繁殖更多的植物而不是购买更多，并且与他人分享植物。)”提到要用自己的植物繁殖，并且与他人分享，空处承接上文，指出这么做的好处，C项“这消除了购买植物的需要，鼓励了一种分享文化。”符合，上文中的“share plants with others”呼应选项中的“a sharing culture”，故选C。 10．上文“Recycling takes a huge amount of input, which can end up more damaging to the environment, so instead of buying something of lower quality that needs replacing every year, buy fewer things of a higher quality.(回收需要大量的投入，这最终可能对环境造成更大的破坏，所以与其买一些质量较差的东西，每年都需要更换，不如少买一些质量较高的东西。)”指出与其买一些质量较差的东西，每年都需要更换，不如少买一些质量较高的东西，空处承接上文，解释了这么做的原因，D项“这些东西将持续多年，而且从长远来看更具成本效益。”符合，“These”代指上文“buy fewer things of a higher quality”，故选D。 主题02 人与社会——科学科普 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·北京第八十中学·期中） Lifelong Musicians Have Better Hearing Playing a musical instrument throughout your life protects your hearing, a Canadian study suggests. The study, which was published in Psychology and Aging, carried out hearing tests on 74 adult musicians and 89 non-musicians. 11 Action on Hearing Loss said all people - including musicians - should try to prevent hearing damage. 12 By sixty, 10-30% of people have moderate hearing loss. By eighty, that goes up to as many as 60%. Problems are particularly seen in the central auditory processing system, which is associated with understanding speech, especially when there is background noise. Then a research, by a team at the Rotman Research Institute in Toronto, looked at adults who were affected as they aged. They chose both musicians and non-musicians from the age of 18 to 91 and divided them into different groups based on the age. Again musicians were significantly better at picking out speech against noise in all the age ranges. 13 Benjamin Zendel, who was part of the research team, said: “We found that being a musician may contribute to better hearing in old age, probably due to musicians using their hearing systems at a high level on a regular basis. This advantage widened considerably for musicians as they got older when compared to similar-aged non-musicians.” This study suggests that musicians might be more able to deal with the consequences of hearing loss. 14 As Dr. Ralph Holme said, all people-including musicians-should try to prevent hearing damage in the first place. It’s necessary for everyone who plays a musical instrument or listens to loud music to wear hearing protection. 15 A．Hearing normally declines as people age. B．Previous studies explained the reasons for hearing loss. C．That can effectively reduce the risk of damaging their hearing permanently. D．Still, it is far better to minimize damage by using appropriate ear protection. E．They believed musicians are also likely to experience age-related hearing problems. F．The researchers concluded that lifelong musicianship delays age-related changes in hearing. G．It found a 70-year-old musician’s hearing was as good as that of a 50-year-old who didn’t play. 【答案】11．G 12．A 13．F 14．D 15．C 【分析】根据加拿大一项研究表明：人生中会演奏一种乐器能够保护你的听力。但是包括音乐家的所有人都要尽力避免听声音过大的音乐，演奏乐器的人携带听力保护装置很有必要。 11．根据空格前The study, which was published in Psychology and Aging, carried out hearing tests on 74 musicians and 89 non-musicians.得知，实验中对74名音乐人士和89名没学过音乐的人进行观察对比。接下来要说实验结果。故选G。 12．根据空格后By sixty, 10-30% of people have some hearing loss. By eighty, that goes up to as many as 60%.得知，年龄越大听力受损越严重，通常人们随着年长听力下降符合题意。故选A。 13．根据空格后We found that being a musician may contribute to better hearing in old age, probably due to musicians using their hearing systems at a high level on a regular basis得知，研究发现，成为音乐家可能有助于降低年老带来的听力问题。故选F。 14．根据空格后As Dr. Ralph Holme said, all people—including musicians—should try to prevent hearing damage in the first place.得知，Ralph Holme博士指出所有人要尽力保护听力。这项研究表明，音乐家可能更能处理听力损失的后果，但仍然需要通过适当的听力保护来减少听力损失。故选D。 15．根据空格前It’s necessary for everyone who plays a musical instrument or listens to loud music to wear hearing protection.得知，演奏乐器的人携带听力保护装置很有必要。接下来要说这样做的好处。故选C。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·北京北师大附中·期中） Discovering Your True Self Is Vital to Happiness! Have you found focusing on yourself is at the bottom of the to-do list, because you feel everyone else in your life comes first? 16 Now is exactly the perfect time to get to know yourself in order to understand yourself. This isn’t just about identifying your favorite outfit, haircut or flavor of ice cream. 17 It’s an opportunity for personal growth that can help you make better choices for your wellbeing and lifelong happiness. There are many tools to help you develop a deeper sense of yourself, including journaling and other forms of creative expression. You can use a guided journal to explore your thoughts and feelings or just free write whatever comes to mind. It’s up to you what you want to do. 18 . 19 Take note of how you respond to people, what makes you happy, and what makes you unhappy. This can help you identify patterns that are holding you back, such as feeling insecure or being easily angered. Once you’ve identified these patterns, you can work to change them. An often overlooked yet very important factor in self-discovery is having healthy boundaries in your personal life. 20 Clearly communicating your boundaries is also a way to show others that you are in control of your own behavior and can expect the same from them. This is a sign of maturity and respect, two characteristics that are key to having healthy relationships. A．It’s one thing to know your personal type. B．It’s a great way to show that you care about others. C．Taking time for ourselves has been looked down upon. D．Another way is to observe your behavior in different situations. E．It allows you to focus on the needs of yourself without ignoring others. F．But try not to get caught up in the criticism or judgment of your writing. G．It’s about understanding your inner world and how you fit into the outer world. 【答案】16．C 17．G 18．F 19．D 20．E 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本篇主要讲了探索自己的内心世界对于自己的重要性，文章列举了一些探索自己内心世界方法，并解释了为什么这些方法可以带来更好的人际关系。 16．根据上文“Have you found focusing on yourself is at the bottom of the to-do list, because you feel everyone else in your life comes first?(你是否发现关注自己被排在待办事项清单的最后，因为你觉得生活中的其他人都是第一位的？)”可知，上文提到生活中其他人都是第一位，故本句承接上文，说明没有给自己留时间。故C选项“给自己留点时间一直被人看不起”符合语境，故选C。 17．根据上文“This isn’t just about identifying your favorite outfit, haircut or flavor of ice cream.(（关注自己）不仅仅是确定你最喜欢的衣服、发型或冰淇淋的味道)”可知，本句与上文构成转折，指出关注自己的真正含义。前一句的This isn’t just about identifying和G选项It’s about understanding构成句法上的转折关系。故G选项“这是关于了解你的内心世界，以及你如何适应外部世界”符合语境，故选G。 18．根据上文“There are many tools to help you develop a deeper sense of yourself, including journaling and other forms of creative expression. You can use a guided journal to explore your thoughts and feelings or just free write whatever comes to mind. It’s up to you what you want to do.(有很多工具可以帮助你发展更深层次的自我意识，包括日记和其他形式的创造性表达。你可以使用指南来探索你的想法和感受，或者只是自由地写下任何想到的东西。你想做什么由你自己决定)”可知，本段在陈述写日记能够更好地探索你的内心世界，但是仅仅专注于写日记就好， 不要去批判日记中自己的想法。此处的writing与F选项中journaling可以构成同义替换。故F选项“但是尽量不要陷入对你写作的批评或评判中”符合语境，故选F。 19．根据后文“Take note of how you respond to people, what makes you happy, and what makes you unhappy. This can help you identify patterns that are holding you back, such as feeling insecure or being easily angered. Once you’ve identified these patterns, you can work to change them.(注意你对别人的反应，什么让你快乐，什么让你不快乐。这可以帮助你识别阻碍你前进的模式，比如缺乏安全感或容易生气。一旦你确定了这些模式，你就可以努力改变它们)”可知，上一段陈述了一种关注自己内心世界的方法，而本段则是在陈述另外一种方法，因此D选项中Another way is to符合并列的条件，且本句的意思也与后面的“关注自己在人际交往中如何反应”相符合。故D选项“另一种方法是观察你在不同情况下的行为”符合语境，故选D。 20．根据上文“An often overlooked yet very important factor in self-discovery is having healthy boundaries in your personal life.(自我发现的一个经常被忽视但非常重要的因素是在你的个人生活中有健康的界限)”以及后文“Clearly communicating your boundaries is also a way to show others that you are in control of your own behavior and can expect the same from them. This is a sign of maturity and respect, two characteristics that are key to having healthy relationships.(清楚地表达你的界限也是一种向别人表明你能控制自己的行为，并期望他们也能做到这一点的方式。这是成熟和尊重的标志，这两个特征是拥有健康关系的关键)”可知，前一句陈述要划定一个健康的人际关系界限，后一句则提及和别人划清界限意味着你能够很好地控制自己的行为并且也希望别人能够控制好自己的行为，这种行为能够既关注自己也关注别人，故E选项“它能让你专注于自己的需求，而不会忽视他人”符合语境，故选E。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高二上·北京牛栏山一中·期中） The teenage years are probably the most unsettled and stressful years in a person’s life. Teens experience significant physical, emotional, social and cognitive changes. And teens of today face more challenges as they go through more uncertain times of the 21st century. 21 As teens experience massive physical, social and emotional changes, the challenges are managing social expectations of ideal body images, developing their identity and finding their place in the world. In the past, a teen who was criticized for his or her larger figure or pimpled (有粉刺的) face, might feel embarrassed and dejected in school. 22 Constant comparison and endless posts of picture — perfect images and lives give teens greater pressure to follow current fashion trends. The Wall Street Journal reported that Instagram made body images worse for one in three teenage girls. 23 Statistics show that most cases of cyber bullying take place on popular social media sites such as Facebook, Instagram, Snapchats and Twitter, where cyber bullies make emotionally scarring comments. These can be made publicly on a teen’s social media account. 24 As a result, cyber bullying can be more threatening than traditional bullying because it can be shared and viewed repeatedly on social media. In this age of social media, it is also important for teens to learn to cultivate positive, and healthy relationships with people. There have been many discussions about new technologies and ways of working, such as artificial intelligence (AI) and automation, which will impact future jobs. 25 . Unlike in the past, the situation is different today as AI and automation are causing some jobs to disappear. Teens will have to meet this challenge by adopting an attitude of lifelong learning, and keeping paces with technology. A．They can also be spread quickly by sharing with others. B．Furthermore, social media has taken bullying to a new level. C．The future has always been a dreamland for teens to anticipate. D．Today, these same sufferings can be expanded by social media. E．Social media, and technological advances are posing new challenges. F．Additionally, social media is a strong tool for a teen to defend himself. G．The challenge for a teen today is preparing for a largely unknown future. 【答案】21．E 22．D 23．B 24．A 25．G 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了青少年时期可能是一个人一生中最不安、压力最大的时期。青少年经历了重大的身体、情感、社会和认知变化。今天的青少年面临着更多的挑战，因为他们经历了21世纪更多的不确定时期。 21．根据上文“Teens experience significant physical, emotional, social and cognitive changes. And teens of today face more challenges as they go through more uncertain times of the 21st century.(青少年经历了重大的身体、情感、社会和认知变化。今天的青少年面临着更多的挑战，因为他们经历了21世纪更多的不确定时期)”及下文“Constant comparison and endless posts of picture — perfect images and lives give teens greater pressure to follow current fashion trends.(不断的比较和没完没了的完美形象和生活的照片的帖子给了青少年更大的压力去追随当前的时尚潮流)”和“Statistics show that most cases of cyber bullying take place on popular social media sites such as Facebook, Instagram, Snapchats and Twitter, where cyber bullies make emotionally scarring comments.(统计数据显示，大多数网络欺凌案件发生在Facebook、Instagram、Snapchats和Twitter等热门社交媒体网站上，网络欺凌者在这些网站上发表情感上的言论)”可知，E. Social media, and technological advances are posing new challenges.(社交媒体和技术进步带来了新的挑战)能够承上启下，符合语境。故选E。 22．根据上文“In the past, a teen who was criticized for his or her larger figure or pimpled (有粉刺的) face, might feel embarrassed and dejected in school.(在过去，一个青少年如果因为他或她的身材大或脸上有粉刺而被批评，在学校里可能会感到尴尬和沮丧)”可知，此处讲述过去青少年在学校遇到的挑战。由此可知，D. Today, these same sufferings can be expanded by social media.(今天，同样的痛苦可以通过社交媒体扩大)能够衔接上文，形成今昔对比，同时引起下文“Constant comparison and endless posts of picture — perfect images and lives give teens greater pressure to follow current fashion trends.(不断的比较和没完没了的完美形象和生活的照片的帖子给了青少年更大的压力去追随当前的时尚潮流)”，符合语境。故选D。 23．根据上文“Constant comparison and endless posts of picture- perfect images and lives give teens greater pressure to follow current fashion trends. The Wall Street Journal reported that Instagram made body images worse for one in three teenage girls.(不断的比较和没完没了的完美形象和生活的照片的帖子给了青少年更大的压力去追随当前的时尚潮流。《华尔街日报》报道称，Instagram让三分之一的少女的身体形象变得更糟)”可知，社交媒体给青少年带来很大的压力。再根据下文“Statistics show that most cases of cyber bullying take place on popular social media sites such as Facebook, Instagram, Snapchats and Twitter, where cyber bullies make emotionally scarring comments.(统计数据显示，大多数网络欺凌案件发生在Facebook、Instagram、Snapchats和Twitter等热门社交媒体网站上，网络欺凌者在这些网站上发表情感上的言论)”可知，B. Furthermore, social media has taken bullying to a new level.(此外，社交媒体将欺凌行为推向了一个新的高度)能够承上启下，继续讲述社交媒体带来的负面影响，同时引出欺凌行为的话题，符合语境。故选B。 24．根据上文“Statistics show that most cases of cyber bullying take place on popular social media sites such as Facebook, Instagram, Snapchats and Twitter, where cyber bullies make emotionally scarring comments. These can be made publicly on a teen’s social media account.(统计数据显示，大多数网络欺凌案件发生在Facebook、Instagram、Snapchats和Twitter等热门社交媒体网站上，网络欺凌者在这些网站上发表情感创伤评论。这些可以在青少年的社交媒体账户上公开发布)”可知，网络欺凌者在社交媒体账户上公开发布情感创伤评论。由此可知，A. They can also be spread quickly by sharing with others.(它们也可以通过与他人分享而迅速传播)能够衔接上文，其中选项中的They指代上文中的emotionally scarring comments，符合语境。故选A。 25．根据上文“There have been many discussions about new technologies and ways of working, such as artificial intelligence (AI) and automation, which will impact future jobs.(关于新技术和工作方式的讨论很多，比如人工智能(AI)和自动化，这将影响未来的工作)”可知，此处指出新技术和工作方式将影响未来的工作。根据下文“Unlike in the past, the situation is different today as AI and automation are causing some jobs to disappear. Teens will have to meet this challenge by adopting an attitude of lifelong learning, and keeping paces with technology.(与过去不同，随着人工智能和自动化导致一些工作岗位消失，今天的情况有所不同。青少年必须采取终身学习的态度，跟上科技的步伐，以迎接这一挑战)”可知，此处提出了青少年应该怎样迎接新挑战。由此可知，G. The challenge for a teen today is preparing for a largely unknown future.(当今青少年面临的挑战是为一个基本上未知的未来做准备)能够承上启下，符合语境。故选G。 主题01 人与社会——现代技术　 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·北京101中·期中） Digital Medicine Could the next suggestion from your doctor be downloading an app? Collectively known as digital medicine, a large number of apps in use or under development can now detect or monitor mental and physical disorders or directly administer therapies. 26 Many detection aids rely on mobile devices to record such features as users’ voices, locations, facial expressions, exercise and sleep; then they apply artificial intelligence to mark the possible change of a condition. Some smart watches, for instance, contain a sensor that automatically detects and warns people of a dangerous heart rate. 27 These wearable detection aids will not replace a doctor any time soon but can be helpful partners in stressing concerns that need follow-up. 28 Some are being developed to detect things such as cancerous DNA, stomach bleeds, body temperature and oxygen levels. The sensors inside your body can then send the data to apps for recording. 29 For the most part, those intended to diagnose or treat disorders must be proved safe and effective in clinical trials and earn regulatory approval; some may need a doctor’s permission. Clearly, society must move into the future of digital medicine with care — ensuring that the apps go through strict testing, protect privacy and go smoothly into doctors’ work. With such protections in place, healthcare costs could be saved by marking unhealthy behaviours and helping people to make changes before diseases set in. 30 For researchers, the patterns that emerge will provide them with novel ideas for how best to build healthier habits and prevent diseases. A．For doctors, applying AI to the data from these apps could help them personalize patient care. B．These data also help doctors detect diseases and help patients change their behaviors. C．Other similar tools can detect breathing disorders, depression and other conditions. D．They can both help diagnose symptoms and enhance traditional medical care. E．Detection aids can also take the form of eatable and sensor-bearing pills. F．Digital medicine has been widely used in all aspects of life nowadays. G．Not all healthcare apps can be used as digital medicine. 【答案】26．D 27．C 28．E 29．G 30．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了数字医疗的概念、具体的检测辅助设备的功能、发展中面临的限制以及未来可能带来的好处。 26．前文“Collectively known as digital medicine, a large number of apps in use or under development can now detect or monitor mental and physical disorders or directly administer therapies. (现在，大量正在使用或正在开发的应用程序被统称为数字医疗，它们可以检测或监测心理和身体疾病，或直接实施治疗)”介绍数字医疗具备的功能，D项“They can both help diagnose symptoms and enhance traditional medical care. (它们既可以帮助诊断症状，又可以加强传统的医疗保健)”符合语境，继续介绍数字医疗的功能，承接前文，其中的They指代前文的a large number of apps。故选D。 27．前文“Some smart watches, for instance, contain a sensor that automatically detects and warns people of a dangerous heart rate. (例如，一些智能手表包含一个传感器，可以自动检测并警告人们危险的心率)”列举智能手表中的检测辅助功能，后文“These wearable detection aids will not replace a doctor any time soon but can be helpful partners in stressing concerns that need follow-up. (这些可穿戴检测辅助设备不会在短期内取代医生，但可以成为强调需要随访的问题的有益伙伴)”对可穿戴检测辅助设备的作用进行评估，C项“Other similar tools can detect breathing disorders, depression and other conditions. (其他类似的工具可以检测呼吸障碍、抑郁症和其他疾病)”符合语境，说明其他的检测辅助功能，承接前文，引出后文的评估，后文的These wearable detection aids涵盖前文的Some smart watches和选项中的Other similar tools。故选C。 28．前文“These wearable detection aids will not replace a doctor any time soon but can be helpful partners in stressing concerns that need follow-up. (这些可穿戴检测辅助设备不会在短期内取代医生，但可以成为强调需要随访的问题的有益伙伴)”对可穿戴检测辅助设备的作用进行评估，后文“Some are being developed to detect things such as cancerous DNA, stomach bleeds, body temperature and oxygen levels. The sensors inside your body can then send the data to apps for recording. (其中一些正在被开发用于检测癌症DNA、胃出血、体温和氧气水平等。然后，你体内的传感器可以将数据发送到应用程序进行记录。)”介绍新的介入体内的检测辅助设备，E项“Detection aids can also take the form of eatable and sensor-bearing pills. (检测辅助设备还可以采用可食用和带有传感器的药丸的形式)”符合语境，说明检测辅助设备的新形式，从前文的可穿戴的形式过渡到后文的介入体内的新形式，其中的eatable and sensor-bearing和后文的The sensors inside your body呼应。故选E。 29．空处位于段首，需引出段落内容。后文“For the most part, those intended to diagnose or treat disorders must be proved safe and effective in clinical trials and earn regulatory approval; some may need a doctor’s permission. (在大多数情况下，那些用于诊断或治疗疾病的药物必须在临床试验中被证明是安全有效的，并获得监管部门的批准；有些可能需要医生的许可)”指出数字医疗发展中的严格限制和流程，G项“Not all healthcare apps can be used as digital medicine. (并非所有的医疗保健应用程序都可以用作数字医疗)”符合语境，说明数字医疗有其限制，可引出后文。故选G。 30．前文“With such protections in place, healthcare costs could be saved by marking unhealthy behaviours and helping people to make changes before diseases set in. (有了这些保护措施，就可以通过标记不健康行为并帮助人们在疾病发生之前做出改变来节省医疗费用)”说明使用数字医疗对于普通人的好处，后文“For researchers, the patterns that emerge will provide them with novel ideas for how best to build healthier habits and prevent diseases. (对于研究人员来说，出现的模式将为他们提供如何最好地建立更健康的习惯和预防疾病的新想法)”说明使用数字医疗对于研究者的好处，A项“For doctors, applying AI to the data from these apps could help them personalize patient care. (对于医生来说，将人工智能应用于这些应用程序的数据可以帮助他们个性化患者护理)”符合语境，说明使用数字医疗对于医生的好处，和前后文内容呼应。故选A。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·北京育才学校·期中） Farms of the Future Skyscrapers(摩天大楼) are the ultimate symbol of urban life. By 2050, almost 80 percent of the earth’s population could live in cities. The human population could increase to 9.1 billion people yet the amount of land available for farming will be the same. 31 Vertical farms, where farmers could grow crops in environmentally friendly skyscrapers, could be the solution. In spite of concerns over high costs, experts want to make these urban farms a reality and use these skyscrapers to grow crops. 32 Vertical farms would have many advantages, experts say. The food would be grown with minimal effects on the environment. Unlike traditional farming, vertical farming would not force animals out of their habitats by taking over large areas of land, nor would it pollute the air with the use of heavy farming equipment. 33 These have been well recognized. Growing prosperity has led to many people demanding that all foods are available all year round. Indoor farming could produce crops constantly and crops would not suffer from weather-related problems like drought or flooding. In addition, the use of agricultural chemicals for controlling insects would be minimal. 34 They point out that although crops growing in a tall glass building would get natural sunlight during the day, it wouldn’t be enough. The plants closest to the windows would grow much more quickly than the plants further inside. The plants growing away from the windows may not produce as many or as high quality vegetables. 35 They would need additional light sources. Experts agree that the new farming practices are needed to support the planet’s need for more and more food at affordable costs, both to the farmer and to the consumer. Vertical farms may be a small-scale answer, but the best ideas could be yet to come. A．Still, there are some people who are critical of vertical farms. B．That is where vertical farms are often needed for year-round crops. C．So how to meet the increasing food needs of our planet could be a big problem. D．For these reasons, natural light cannot be a workable solution for vertical farms. E．Vertically grown food is grown in environmentally controlled conditions in big cities. F．Those farms would also reduce the cost and negative effects of transporting food over distances. G．They believe that we can increase the food production by changing our thinking from out to up. 【答案】31．C 32．G 33．F 34．A 35．D 【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了未来城市里的垂直农场。 31．上文“The human population could increase to 9.1 billion people yet the amount of land available for farming will be the same.(人类人口可能增加到91亿人，但可供耕种的土地数量将保持不变。)”说明人口增加，但耕地面积不会增加，此处承接这一话题，说明这种趋势带来的影响，C项“因此，如何满足我们星球日益增长的粮食需求可能是一个大问题。”承接上文，C项中“increasing food needs”与上文human population和the amount of land available for farming一致，故选C。 32．上文“In spite of concerns over high costs, experts want to make these urban farms a reality and use these skyscrapers to grow crops.(尽管担心高成本，专家们还是想让这些城市农场成为现实，用这些摩天大楼来种植农作物。)”说明专家希望转变思路，G项“他们相信我们可以通过从外到上的思维方式来增加粮食产量。”概括上文内容，“changing our thinking from out to up”与上文“use these skyscrapers to grow crops”一致，故选G。 33．上文“Unlike traditional farming, vertical farming would not force animals out of their habitats by taking over large areas of land, nor would it pollute the air with the use of heavy farming equipment.( 与传统农业不同，垂直农业不会占用大片土地，迫使动物离开它们的栖息地，也不会因为使用重型农业设备而污染空气。)”说明了垂直农业的优点，F项also是关键词，与上文是病了补充关系，“这些农场还可以减少长距离运输食物的成本和负面影响。”符合题意，补充说明垂直农场的优点。故选F。 34．设空处为段落主题句，根据下文内容“They point out that...The plants closest to the windows would grow much more quickly than the plants further inside. The plants growing away from the windows may not produce as many or as high quality vegetables.(他们指出，虽然生长在高大的玻璃建筑里的作物在白天可以得到自然阳光，但这是不够的。离窗户最近的植物比离窗户更远的植物长得更快。生长在远离窗户的植物可能不能生产出那么多或高质量的蔬菜。)”说明了部分人的观点，认为垂直种植的缺点也是很明显的，A项“尽管如此，还是有一些人对垂直农场持批评态度。”概括了下文内容，故选A。 35．上文“The plants closest to the windows would grow much more quickly than the plants further inside. The plants growing away from the windows may not produce as many or as high quality vegetables.(离窗户最近的植物比离窗户更远的植物长得更快。生长在远离窗户的植物可能不能生产出那么多或高质量的蔬菜。)”说明阳光对植物生长的重要性，空格处承上启下，下文“They would need additional light sources. (它们需要额外的光源)”说明问题所在。D项前半句“For these reasons”与上文讲的自然光对作物的影响一致，后半句“natural light cannot be a workable solution”与下文“need additional light sources”一致，故选D。 主题02 人与自我——方法与哲理 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·北京广渠门中学·期中） How much time do you spend doing research before you make a decision? There are people who go over every detail exhaustively before making a choice. 36 Psychologists call this way of thinking a cognitive bias (偏见), a tendency toward a specific mental mistake. To study “jumping”, we examined decision-making patterns among more than 600 people from the general population. We found that jumpers made more errors than non-jumpers on problems that require thoughtful analysis. 37 In a quiz about US civics, they overestimated the chance that their answers were right much more than other participants did – even when their answers were wrong. So what is behind “jumping”? Psychological researchers commonly distinguish between two pathways of thought: automatic system, which reflects ideas that come to the mind easily, spontaneously and without effort, and controlled system including conscious and effortful reasoning. Jumpers and non-jumpers are equally influenced by automatic thoughts. 38 It is the controlled system that helps people avoid mental biases introduced by the automatic system. As a result, jumpers were more likely to accept the conclusions made at first blush without further questioning. A lack of controlled thinking is also more broadly connected to their problematic beliefs and faulty reasoning. 39 A method called metacognitive training can be used to target their biases, which can help people think more deliberatively. In this training, participants are confronted with their own biases. They can learn about the missteps and other ways of thinking through the problem at hand. It helps to chip away at participants’ overconfidence. In everyday life, the question of whether we should think things through or instead go with our guts is a frequent and important one. 40 Sometimes the most important decision we make can be to take some more time before making a choice. A．Happily, there may be some hope for jumpers. B．Also, jumpers had problems with overconfidence. C．But a fair number of individuals are quick to jump to conclusions. D．It is certainly possible for them to overthink things to take a decision. E．We plan to continue the work to trace other problems introduced by jumping. F．The jumpers, however, did not engage in controlled reasoning to the same degree as non-jumpers. G．Recent studies show that even gathering just a little bit more evidence may help us avoid a major mistake. 【答案】36．C 37．B 38．F 39．A 40．G 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是相较于按照直觉行事，深思熟虑对我们更有帮助，一种叫元认知训练的方法可以帮助那些急于得出结论的人。 36．根据空前的“How much time do you spend doing research before you make a decision? There are people who go over every detail exhaustively before making a choice.(你在做决定之前花了多少时间做研究？有些人在做出选择之前会仔细考虑每一个细节。)”可知，有些人在作出选择前会仔细考虑每个细节，空后的“Psychologists call this way of thinking a cognitive bias (偏见), a tendency toward a specific mental mistake.(心理学家称这种思维方式为认知偏差(cognitive bias)，即倾向于某种特定的心理错误。)”可知，心理学家指出这种思维方式为认知偏差，与空前提到的做选择前考虑每个细节的人不同，由此可知，此空处应提到有认知偏差的人，C选项“But a fair number of individuals are quick to jump to conclusions. (但相当一部分人很快就会得出结论)”讲述的是一些很快得出结论的一部分人，呼应上文仔细考虑每一个细节的人，与空前的内容为转折关系，符合逻辑，but为解题的关键信息。故选C项。 37．根据空前的“We found that jumpers made more errors than non-jumpers on problems that require thoughtful analysis. (我们发现，在需要深思熟虑分析的问题上，急于得出结论的人比仔细思考的人犯的错误更多。)”可知，研究发现急于得出结论的人比仔细思考的人犯的错误更多，结合空后的“In a quiz about US civics, they overestimated the chance that their answers were right much more than other participants did – even when their answers were wrong. (在一次关于美国公民的测验中，他们大大高估了自己答案正确的几率——即使他们的答案是错误的。)”可推知，急于得出结论的人不仅容易犯错，而且还大大高估自己答案的正确几率，由此可知，此空处应是讲述急于得出结论的人的过于自信，B选项“Also, jumpers had problems with overconfidence.(此外，急于得出结论的人也有过度自信的问题)”中的also可知，此处继续讲述急于得出结论的人的问题，符合题意，呈上启下。故选B项。 38．根据空前的“Psychological researchers commonly distinguish between two pathways of thought: automatic system, which reflects ideas that come to the mind easily, spontaneously and without effort, and controlled system including conscious and effortful reasoning. Jumpers and non-jumpers are equally influenced by automatic thoughts.(心理学研究人员通常将思维分为两种途径：一种是自动系统，它反映了头脑中容易、自发和不需要努力的想法；另一种是控制系统，包括有意识和努力的推理。)”可知，两类人都受到自动思维的影响，但因为是两种不同的人，因此他们在受影响的程度，或思维模式方面可能有所不同，F选项“The jumpers, however, did not engage in controlled reasoning to the same degree as non-jumpers. (然而，急于得出结论的人并没有像仔细思考者那样进行控制推理。)”中的controlled reasoning与空前的“controlled system including conscious and effortful reasoning”内容相关，符合题意，承接上文，指出了他们的不同之处，且与空前的内容为转折关系，其中的however也是解题的关键信息。故选F项。 39．根据空后的“A method called metacognitive training can be used to target their biases, which can help people think more deliberatively. (一种叫做元认知训练的方法可以用来针对他们的偏见，这可以帮助人们更慎重地思考。)”可知，一种叫做元认知训练可以帮助人们更慎重地思考，有方法帮助急于得出结论的人克服他们的问题，由此可知，本段讲述的内容与上文中讲述的急于得出结论的人的问题不同，讲述的是解决急于得出结论的人问题的方法，A选项“Happily, there may be some hope for jumpers.(令人高兴的是，急于得出结论的人或许还有一线希望。)”讲述的内容把话题从上文讲述的急于得出结论的人的问题分析过渡到下文中讲述的解决急于得出结论的人问题的方法，符合题意。故选A项。 40．根据空前的“In everyday life, the question of whether we should think things through or instead go with our guts is a frequent and important one.(在日常生活中，我们是应该把事情想清楚，还是应该凭直觉做事，这是一个经常出现的重要问题。)”可知，我们在日常生活中经常考虑是把事情想清楚还是凭直觉做事情，结合空后的“Sometimes the most important decision we make can be to take some more time before making a choice.(有时候，我们做的最重要的决定可能是在做出选择之前多花点时间。)”可知，相较于按照直觉行事，深思熟虑对我们更有帮助，由此可知，此空处应是说明我们在作出决定的时候是采取按照直觉还是深思熟虑，G选项“Recent studies show that even gathering just a little bit more evidence may help us avoid a major mistake.(最近的研究表明，即使多收集一点证据，也可能帮助我们避免犯重大错误。)”通过研究发现的结论来说明，在作出决定前，深思熟虑会让我们避免重大错误，与空前的内容衔接，且与空后的内容吻合，符合题意。故选G项。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·北京人大附中·期中） How to Handle Being Laughed at Behind Your Back The feeling that you are being laughed at behind your back is a common and often upsetting phobia. You do not, however, have to feel down about yourself. Take a critical eye to the situation and take action to remove the negative influences they may have on you. If you think someone is laughing at you behind your back, take a step back to assess the situation. 41 Ask yourself if you have done anything new or noteworthy recently. Good news or performance may inspire people to laugh with you, rather than at you. Do not upset yourself by your own suspicion. 42 Decide if they are the type of people that you want in your life. If you think a friend or peer is laughing at you, ask yourself, “Do I really want to keep a close relationship with this type of person?” If the answer is no, then you can end the friendship. If you find a rival or bully is the one mocking you, pay them no attention. Remove them from your life simply by not feeding their desire to upset you. 43 Someone may mock you because they don’t understand something in your life. Perhaps you are more focused on work or school than they are, or perhaps you have different interests. Tell yourself that your choices are valid and they don’t need other’s approval. 44 They may not have the guts to wear clothing that is very different from what is trendy, for instance, but you do. Tell yourself, “This person has no power to make me feel bad about something in my life simply because they are insecure.” Don’t be modest. Every time you hear about someone laughing at you, pause and think to yourself, “They’re wrong and I’m a wonderful person.” Do this until you’re convinced. Make it more real in your mind by backing it up with reasons why you genuinely like yourself. Tell yourself something like, “I am intelligent, resourceful, and I can make amazing cookies, and that makes me wonderful.” 45 It may be hard to believe while you are hurting, but the more you say it to yourself the more likely you are to start believing it. Even on days when you don’t hear about someone laughing at you, remind yourself that you are wonderful and others don’t determine how you view yourself. A．People laughing at you are looking for attention. B．Keep repeating this to yourself, no matter how hard or silly it may seem. C．If they believe their words have lost impact, they will eventually move on. D．Take a look at the person or people you think are laughing behind your back. E．Look at what you know to see if this person or these people are really mocking you. F．Someone may also mock you because they are insecure about something that you are not insecure about. G．It’s important to remember that you can’t control other people and you can’t stop them from laughing. 【答案】41．E 42．D 43．C 44．F 45．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了如何应对背后被人嘲笑。 41．根据前文“If you think someone is laughing at you behind your back, take a step back to assess the situation.(如果你认为有人在背后嘲笑你，退一步评估一下情况。)”和后文“Ask yourself if you have done anything new or noteworthy recently.(问问自己，你最近是否做了什么新的或值得注意的事情。)”可知，空前讲述了要评估一下情况，空后讲述了回忆一下最近做了什么事，所以空处应是评估一下对方是否真的是嘲笑你，E项“看看你所知道的，看看这个人或这些人是否真的在嘲笑你。”符合题意。故选E。 42．根据后文“Decide if they are the type of people that you want in your life.(判断他们是否是你生活中想要的那种人。)”可知，空处应是讲看看那些你认为在嘲笑你的人，引出下文判断他们是否适合待在你身边，D项“看看你认为在背后笑的人。”符合题意。故选D。 43．根据前文“If you find a rival or bully is the one mocking you, pay them no attention. Remove them from your life simply by not feeding their desire to upset you.(如果你发现一个对手或恶霸在嘲笑你，不要理会他们。只要不满足他们扰乱你的欲望，就可以把他们从你的生活中删除。)”可知，空处应进一步讲述不理会他们会让他们转移注意力，不再嘲笑你，C项“如果他们认为自己的话已经失去了影响力，他们最终会改做点别的。”符合题意。故选C。 44．前文“Someone may mock you because they don’t understand something in your life. Perhaps you are more focused on work or school than they are, or perhaps you have different interests. Tell yourself that your choices are valid and they don’t need other’s approval.(有人可能会嘲笑你，因为他们不理解你生活中的某些事情。也许你比他们更专注于工作或学校，或者你有不同的兴趣。告诉自己，你的选择是合理的，不需要别人的批准。)”讲述了有人会因为不理解你的某些事情而嘲笑你，并给出的解决方法，结合后文“They may not have the guts to wear clothing that is very different from what is trendy, for instance, but you do. Tell yourself, “This person has no power to make me feel bad about something in my life simply because they are insecure.”(例如，他们可能没有勇气穿与时尚截然不同的衣服，但你却有。告诉自己，“这个人没有能力让我对生活中的某些事情感到难过，仅仅因为他们缺乏信心。”)”可知，空处讲述的是另一种别人嘲笑你的情况，即他们嘲笑他们没有勇气做而你有勇气做的事情，F项“有人也可能嘲笑你，因为他们对你感觉有信心的事情缺乏信心。”符合题意。故选F。 45．根据前文“Tell yourself something like, “I am intelligent, resourceful, and I can make amazing cookies, and that makes me wonderful.”(告诉自己，“我很聪明，足智多谋，我能做出很棒的饼干，这让我很棒。”)”和后文“It may be hard to believe while you are hurting, but the more you say it to yourself the more likely you are to start believing it.(当你受伤的时候，可能很难相信，但你对自己说得越多，就越有可能开始相信。)”可知，空处应讲述要重复告诉自己这些鼓励的话，B项“不断地对自己重复这句话，无论它看起来多么困难或愚蠢。”符合题意，this指代前文引号中的话。故选B。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高二上·北京交大附中·期中） Is Managing Kids’ Screen Time a Good Idea? Screen time is a big topic of conversation in today's households, particularly during the pandemic when online education hours have multiplied for many students. 46 They hope to spare their kids from the countless challenges that technology can bring. Yet the challenges of screen time overuse seldom come from kids' devices themselves, but rather from the tense relationships that technology can bring to families. 47 But technology has positive benefits too. Since every child and family is different, managing screen time calls for joint family decision-making. If parents believe they can manage a child's screen time through adolescence, they are not only fooling themselves but also inviting relationship trouble with their teens. It is a myth to think that parents can or should manage their kids’ screen time through authoritarian restrictions, even during elementary school. 48 When children are left out of those decisions, they often become less communicative with parents and siblings. This is the opposite of what parents want to achieve. 49 From early ages, children are quite capable of understanding that a good life involves awareness and balance. Just as they learn right from wrong, and good from bad, they can also learn to use technology in healthy ways. Learning how to regulate oneself and develop healthy behaviors is one of the primary tasks of childhood and adolescence. What happens when an adult tries to regulate a child is that the child misses out on the opportunity to learn for themselves. Enforced restrictions can also make children feel helpless and less confident. To be clear, this article is not suggesting that families never use apps or trackers, or that there should be no restrictions on screen time. 50 Parents should give voice to children and involve them in the planning and decision-making process. A．Of course, there are websites that are unhealthy for kids to access. B．To manage children’s screen time, parents have invested in apps and trackers. C．To get children involved, parents should trust and develop kids’ self-awareness. D．The alternative is to involve children in decisions that govern screen time. E．The goal is to see, hear, feel, and understand how children view screen time. F．However, every family needs a family media plan between family members. G．What it is suggesting is that parents look at managing screen time in a different way. 【答案】46．B 47．A 48．D 49．C 50．G 【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章论述了如何管理孩子们的屏幕时间这一问题，最后得出结论：父母应该让孩子们有发言权，让他们参与问题的计划和决策过程。 46．前文“Screen time is a big topic of conversation in today’s households, particularly during the pandemic when online education hours have multiplied for many students.”（在今天的家庭中，屏幕时间是一个重要的话题，特别是在疫情流行期间，许多学生的在线教育时间成倍增加。）后文“They hope to spare their kids from the countless challenges that technology can bring.”（他们希望让他们的孩子免受技术带来的无数挑战。）然而，屏幕时间过度使用的挑战很少来自孩子们的设备本身，而是来自技术给家庭带来的紧张关系。B项（为了管理孩子们的屏幕时间，家长们投资了应用程序和追踪器。）承接上文，说明了疫情流行期间，学生上网面对屏幕的时间增加，家长害怕这样对孩子造成不好的影响，并引出下文的内容“采取措施后希望取得的效果”。故选B项。 47．前文“Yet the challenges of screen time overuse seldom come from kids’ devices themselves, but rather from the tense relationships that technology can bring to families.”（然而，屏幕时间过度使用带来的挑战很少来自孩子们的设备本身，而是来自技术给家庭带来的紧张关系。）后文“But technology has positive benefits too.”（但是科技也有积极的好处。）A项（当然，有些网站对孩子来说是不健康的。）承接上文，说明了挑战确实是有来自设备的情况即科技会带来不好的影响，然后通过but一词表转折，引出空后“科技的好处”。故选A项。 48．前文“If parents believe they can manage a child’s screen time through adolescence, they are not only fooling themselves but also inviting relationship trouble with their teens. It is a myth to think that parents can or should manage their kids’ screen time through authoritarian restrictions, even during elementary school.”（如果父母认为他们可以管理孩子整个青春期的屏幕时间，那么他们不仅是在自欺欺人，而且还会给他们的青少年带来关系问题。认为父母可以或应该通过专制限制来管理孩子的屏幕时间是一个神话，即使在小学期间也是如此。）后文“When children are left out of those decisions, they often become less communicative with parents and siblings. This is the opposite of what parents want to achieve.”（当孩子们被排除在这些决定之外时，他们通常会减少与父母和兄弟姐妹的交流。）D项（另一种选择是让儿童参与管理屏幕时间的决定。）承接上文，说明了对于管理孩子们的屏幕时间，父母专制型的监管很难实现目的，引出下文的“孩子们被排除决定之外时产生的消极影响”。故选D项。 49．后文“From early ages, children are quite capable of understanding that a good life involves awareness and balance. Just as they learn right from wrong, and good from bad, they can also learn to use technology in healthy ways. Learning how to regulate oneself and develop healthy behaviors is one of the primary tasks of childhood and adolescence. What happens when an adult tries to regulate a child is that the child misses out on the opportunity to learn for themselves. Enforced restrictions can also make children feel helpless and less confident.”（从很小的时候起，孩子们就很有能力理解良好的生活需要意识和平衡。正如他们从错误中学习正确，从错误中学习好，他们也可以学习以健康的方式使用技术。）C选项（为了让孩子参与进来，父母应该信任并培养孩子的自我意识。）针对下文的“孩子本身具备的能力和参与进来的好处”提出具体的办法让孩子参与屏幕时间管理，它能够概括本段内容，是该段的主题句。故选C项。 50．前文“To be clear, this article is not suggesting that families never use apps or trackers, or that there should be no restrictions on screen time.”（明确地说，这篇文章并不是建议家庭永远不要使用应用程序或追踪器，或者不应该限制屏幕时间。）后文“Parents should give voice to children and involve them in the planning and decision-making process.”（父母应该让孩子们有发言权，让他们参与计划和决策过程。）G选项（它的建议是，家长们应该用不同的方式来管理屏幕时间。）承接上文，说明了相对于父母专制型的完全监管，这是一种不一样的管理屏幕时间的方式，并引出下文的“具体做法”。故选G项。 Passage 4 （24-25学年高二上·北京理工附中·期中） “Find your passion!” When discussing future career options or selecting a major in college, your parents often say this. The very expression is meant to inspire. But is it good advice? “Finding” a passion implies that it already exists and is simply waiting to be discovered. Unfortunately, this idea is not what science tells us. 51 To study this, researchers use a framework of  “fixed” and “growth” mindsets.They argue that encouraging people to “find” their passion may cause them to eventually believe that interests and passions are inborn and relatively unchangeable. 52 In contrast, people who view interests and passions as developed have a growth mindset of interest. Researchers have revealed that a fixed mindset of interest can decrease creativity. If people believe they are limited to only a few inborn interests and, in consequence, do not explore other areas, they may miss seeing important connections across domains. 53 Evidently, people can do a lot to embrace a growth mindset of interest. First, realize that your interests and passions aren’t pre-existing. Take an active role in developing your passions. Second, practise positive self-talk. When you lack interest in a new task, pay attention to your inner dialogue. 54 For example, change “I’m not interested in this” to “I’m not interested in this yet, but I know that interest can develop with time and engagement.” 55 But a growth mindset of interest will help you remain open and curious. The science tells us we should work toward loving what we do. We might become more creative and resilient as a result. A．So can a growth mindset of interest be taught? B．Instead passions, like interests, are developed. C．People who think this have a fixed mindset of interest. D．Of course, not every activity will become a burning passion. E．As such,seeing interests as fixed limits their creative potential. F．Don’t expect that pursuing new interests will always be easy or exciting. G．Replace self-critical thoughts with positive ones that encourage growth and learning. 【答案】51．B 52．C 53．E 54．G 55．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章批判了“找到你的激情”这个观点，认为激情是培养出来的，要秉持兴趣成长型心态，这会帮助你保持开放和好奇，有助于培养激情。 51．根据上文““Finding” a passion implies that it already exists and is simply waiting to be discovered. Unfortunately, this idea is not what science tells us.(“找到”激情意味着它已经存在，只是在等待被发现。不幸的是，科学并没有告诉我们这个想法)”可知，科学表明“激情”并非存在某个地方，等待被发现；由此可知，激情是需要培养的。B项“Instead passions, like interests, are developed.(相反，激情和兴趣一样，是需要培养的)”符合题意。故选B。 52．根据上文“They argue that encouraging people to “find” their passion may cause them to eventually believe that interests and passions are inborn and relatively unchangeable.(他们认为，鼓励人们“找到”自己的激情可能会使他们最终相信兴趣和激情是天生的，相对来说是不可改变的)”推知，相信激情和兴趣是可以找到的人，大有可能认为激情和兴趣是不可改变的，即他们有一种固定的兴趣心态。C项“People who think this have a fixed mindset of interest.(这么想的人有一种固定的兴趣心态)”符合题意，this指代上文“believe that interests and passions are inborn and relatively unchangeable”。故选C。 53．根据上文“If people believe they are limited to only a few inborn interests and, in consequence, do not explore other areas, they may miss seeing important connections across domains.(如果人们认为他们只局限于一些天生的兴趣，因此不去探索其他领域，他们可能会错过跨领域的重要联系)”可知，如果人们认为他们只局限于一些天生的兴趣，他们可能会错过跨领域的重要联系；空处位于段末，应对上文进行总结。E项“As such, seeing interests as fixed limits their creative potential.(因此，将兴趣视为固定的限制了他们的创造潜力)”符合题意，creative potential呼应上文explore other area。故选E。 54．根据下文“For example, change “I’m not interested in this” to “I’m not interested in this yet, but I know that interest can develop with time and engagement.”(例如，将“我对这个不感兴趣”改为“我对这个还不感兴趣，但我知道兴趣会随着时间和投入而发展。”)”可知，当我们对某个东西不感兴趣时，要用积极的想法代替消极的想法。G项“Replace self-critical thoughts with positive ones that encourage growth and learning.(用鼓励成长和学习的积极想法取代自我批评的想法)”符合题意，下文是对选项的举例说明。故选G。 55．根据下文“But a growth mindset of interest will help you remain open and curious. The science tells us we should work toward loving what we do. We might become more creative and resilient as a result.(但兴趣的成长型心态会帮助你保持开放和好奇。科学告诉我们，我们应该努力去热爱我们所做的事情。因此，我们可能会变得更有创造力和耐力)”中的But可知，空处内容与下文为转折关系。D项“Of course, not every activity will become a burning passion.(当然，并不是每一项活动都会成为一种燃烧的激情)”符合语境，虽然并非每项活动都会成为激情，但保持兴趣成长型心态有助于让人们保持开放和好奇。故选D。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $