2026年中考英语时文阅读：（科普）超强台风“桦加沙”3种通用题型及答案

中考英语时文阅读：（科普）超强台风“桦加沙”3种通用题型 近日，今年第18号台风“桦加沙”（国际名称：Ragasa）频频登上新闻头条——它是今年影响我国区域的最强台风之一。在它逼近期间，其裹挟的狂风暴雨曾让当地民众进入高度戒备状态。下面就让我们了解“桦加沙”是什么、它如何形成，以及遭遇此类台风时该如何保障安全。 一、阅读理解 阅读下文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。 Recently, Typhoon No. 18 "Huajiasha" (international name: Ragasa) has been making headlines — it's one of the strongest typhoons affecting our region this year. As it moved closer, its strong winds and heavy rain put local communities on high alert. Let's learn about what Huajiasha is, how it forms, and how we can stay safe during such storms. Huajiasha formed from many clouds over the warm ocean. For a typhoon to grow, the sea surface needs to be at least 26.5°C. Warm water evaporates (蒸发) into vapor (水汽), which rises to form thick clouds. Earth's spin turns these rising air flows into a spinning system, which gets stronger over time. With maximum winds of 55 meters per second near its center, Huajiasha became a super typhoon (超强台风) by "feeding" on warm ocean water. When it hit land, it brought risks like fallen trees, damaged structures (建筑物), and floods — reminding us of nature's great strength. We can reduce risks with proper preparation. First, stock 3 days of supplies: 4 liters of water per person daily, ready-to-eat food, a flashlight, a power bank (充电宝), and daily medicines. Second, secure your home: stick "Mi-shaped" (米字形) tape on windows to stop shattering (碎裂), and bring balcony items like potted plants indoors. Third, stay inside during the typhoon. Never go outside to watch the storm, avoid trees or billboards (广告牌), and never drive through floods. Follow evacuation (撤离) orders from local authorities (官方部门) right away. Local meteorological (气象的) departments kept updating Huajiasha's path. Staying informed and prepared is our best defense against typhoons. Such storms show we can't control nature, but we can protect ourselves by understanding its patterns — and get through every storm safely together. 本文重要的单词和短语总结 typhoon /taɪˈfuːn/ n. 台风 evaporate /ɪˈvæpəreɪt/ v. 蒸发 vapor /ˈveɪpə(r)/ n. 水汽，蒸汽 spin /spɪn/ v. 旋转；n. 旋转 maximum /ˈmæksɪməm/ adj. 最大的；n. 最大值 structure /ˈstrʌktʃə(r)/ n. 建筑物；结构 supply /səˈplaɪ/ n. 物资，补给；v. 供应 flashlight /ˈflæʃlaɪt/ n. 手电筒 secure /sɪˈkjʊə(r)/ v. 加固，使安全；adj. 安全的 shatter /ˈʃætə(r)/ v. 碎裂，破碎 balcony /ˈbælkəni/ n. 阳台 billboard /ˈbɪlbɔːd/ n. 广告牌 evacuation /ɪˌvækjuˈeɪʃn/ n. 撤离，疏散 authority /ɔːˈθɒrəti/ n. 官方部门；权威 meteorological /ˌmiːtiərəˈlɒdʒɪkl/ adj. 气象的 defense /dɪˈfens/ n. 防御，防护 pattern /ˈpætn/ n. 模式，规律 make headlines 登上新闻头条 on high alert 处于高度戒备状态 feed on 以……为能量来源；以……为食 reduce risks 降低风险 stock supplies 储备物资 stick...on.... 把……贴在……上 go outside 外出 follow orders 遵照指示 get through 平安度过（困难时期/灾害） 1. What can we know about Typhoon Huajiasha from the first paragraph? A. It had no international name. B. It was one of the strongest typhoons in the region that year. C. It didn’t affect local communities at all. D. It only brought light rain to the region. 2. The underlined word "it" in "When it hit land" refers to _______. A. the warm ocean B. the spinning system C. Typhoon Huajiasha D. the thick cloud 3. Which of the following is NOT a risk brought by Huajiasha when it landed? A. Fallen trees B. Damaged buildings C. Floods D. Heavy snow 4. How long should people prepare supplies for according to the passage? A. For 1 day B. For 2 days C. For 3 days D. For 4 days 5. Why do people stick "Mi - shaped" tape on windows before the typhoon? A. To make windows look more beautiful B. To prevent windows from shattering C. To let more light come into the room D. To keep the room warm （改编补充版） Typhoons are powerful storms that form over warm ocean waters. They bring strong winds, heavy rain, and can cause serious damage. In China, the typhoon season usually lasts from summer to early autumn. To keep people safe, weather experts watch typhoons carefully. They use a warning system with different colors. A yellow warning means a typhoon is coming. An orange warning means the typhoon is stronger and people should stay indoors. A red warning is the most serious. It means the typhoon is very strong and dangerous. So, what can you do to stay safe? First, when a typhoon warning is issued, pay attention to the news. Second, prepare enough food, water, and a flashlight at home. Most importantly, stay inside during the storm. Do not go near windows, and avoid going outside until the warning is canceled. Typhoons are a powerful force of nature. By being prepared and following official advice, we can reduce the risks and stay safe. 1. What is the main idea of the passage? A. The beauty of typhoons. B. How to stay safe during a typhoon. C. The jobs of weather experts. D. The best season to visit the ocean. 2. What does an orange warning tell people to do? A. Go to the beach. B. Stay indoors. C. Prepare food and water. D. Ignore the storm. 3. The word "issued" in the third paragraph probably means ________. A. solved B. sent out C. bought D. forgotten 4. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE? A. Typhoons form over cold mountains. B. A red warning is less serious than a yellow one. C. People should stay away from windows during a typhoon. D. The typhoon season in China is in winter. 二、完形填空 先通读短文，掌握其大意，然后从A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出一个可以填入相应空白处的最佳答案。 Super Typhoon Huajiasha, the 18th typhoon of the year, was going to land on the coastal areas of Guangdong. Local governments took quick actions to keep people 1. ____. First, emergency notices were sent out. Cities like Zhanjiang and Haikou decided to 2. ____ schools and workplaces. Students stayed home, and workers stopped their jobs to avoid danger. More than 1.8 million people were moved to safe places before the typhoon 3. ____. People also prepared well for the typhoon. They 4. ____ enough food, water and medicine. Flashlights and candles were 5. ____ too, in case the power went out. Everyone was told to stay indoors and keep away from windows. Things on balconies, like flower pots, were 6. ____ inside to stop them from falling. During the typhoon, strong winds and heavy rain hit the area. Local meteorological departments 7. ____ updating the typhoon's path to keep people informed. 8. ____ no one went outside, there were fewer accidents. When the typhoon finally passed, some cities started to 9. ____ work and school. People felt relieved but still stayed careful with the after-effects. This experience told us that being 10. ____ and following warnings are the best ways to stay safe in natural disasters. 1. A. healthy B. safe C. busy D. happy 2. A. start B. open C. close D. build 3. A. arrived B. slept C. changed D. disappeared 4. A. sold B. bought C. wasted D. forgot 5. A. needed B. refused C. lost D. returned 6. A. thrown B. put C. left D. found 7. A. stopped B. practiced C. kept D. remembered 8. A. If B. Though C. Unless D. Because 9. A. avoid B. continue C. finish D. mind 10. A. ready B. late C. lazy D. shy 三、语篇填空 根据下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内所给单词的正确形式。 When Super Typhoon Huajiasha approached the southern coast of China, local authorities immediately started disaster prevention work. They sent out emergency messages to 1. ____ (remind) people of the typhoon's risks, such as strong winds and heavy rain. To protect lives, schools and offices in high-risk areas 2. ____ (close) ahead of time. Over 800,000 residents 3. ____ (take) to safe shelters by volunteers and rescue workers before the typhoon hit. Fishermen rushed to pull their boats back to ports, and some even used ropes 4. ____ (tie) the boats to solid posts. The meteorological department played a key role too. It kept 5. ____ (release) real-time updates on Huajiasha's path and strength. This helped people make timely preparations, like 6. ____ (store) enough water and ready-to-eat food at home. During the typhoon, many staff from public services stayed on duty. Doctors and nurses prepared medical supplies, while firefighters checked 7. ____ potential dangers like loose power lines. Thanks to all these efforts, no serious injuries 8. ____ (report) after the storm. This experience shows that 9. ____ we stay alert and work together, we can greatly reduce the harm 10. ____ natural disasters. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 参考答案与解析 阅读理解 1.答案：B 解析：文章第一段 “Recently, Typhoon No. 18 "Huajiasha" (international name: Ragasa) has been making headlines — it's one of the strongest typhoons affecting our region this year.” 明确提到 “桦加沙” 是今年影响该区域的最强台风之一，A 选项与原文中提到它有国际名称不符；C 选项与原文中 “its strong winds and heavy rain put local communities on high alert” 说明它影响了当地社区相悖；D 选项 “它只带来小雨” 与原文 “strong winds and heavy rain” 不符 ，所以选 B。 2.答案：C 解析：“When it hit land” 所在句子前文一直在描述 “Huajiasha” 这个台风的形成及发展，所以这里的 “it” 指代的是台风 “桦加沙”，A 选项温暖的海洋、B 选项旋转系统、D 选项浓密的云均不符合语境，答案为 C。 3.答案：D 解析：文中提到 “When it hit land, it brought risks like fallen trees, damaged structures, and floods”，并没有提到暴雪，A 选项倒下的树、B 选项受损的建筑物、C 选项洪水都在原文提及，所以选 D。 4.答案：C 解析：从文中 “We can reduce risks with proper preparation. First, stock 3 days of supplies” 可知，人们需要储备 3 天的物资，A、B、D 选项天数错误，答案是 C。 5.答案：B 解析：根据 “stick "Mi-shaped" (米字形) tape on windows to stop shattering (碎裂)”，可知人们在窗户上贴 “米” 字形胶带是为了防止窗户破碎，A 选项让窗户更漂亮、C 选项让更多光进入房间、D 选项保持房间温暖均不符合原文，选 B。 改编版 1.答案：B 解析：文章主要围绕遭遇台风时如何保障安全展开，介绍了台风预警、防护措施等，A 选项台风的美丽文中未提及；C 选项气象专家的工作不是重点；D 选项访问海洋的最佳季节与文章主题无关，所以选 B。 2.答案：B 解析：文中 “An orange warning means the typhoon is stronger and people should stay indoors.” 表明橙色预警意味着人们应该待在室内，A 选项去海滩、C 选项准备食物和水、D 选项忽视风暴均不符合，答案是 B。 3.答案：B 解析：“issued” 所在句子 “When a typhoon warning is issued, pay attention to the news.” 意思是当台风预警发布时，要关注新闻，“issued” 意思应该是 “发布，发出”，A 选项解决、C 选项购买、D 选项忘记均不符合，B 选项 “sent out（发出）” 正确。 4.答案：C 解析：A 选项台风在寒冷的山区形成，与原文 “Typhoons are powerful storms that form over warm ocean waters” 不符；B 选项红色预警比黄色预警严重程度低，与原文 “A red warning is the most serious.” 不符；C 选项人们在台风期间应该远离窗户，符合原文 “stay inside during the typhoon. Do not go near windows”；D 选项中国的台风季节在冬天，与原文 “the typhoon season usually lasts from summer to early autumn” 不符，所以选 C。 完形填空 1.答案：B 解析：台风要登陆，当地政府采取行动是为了保障人们的安全，A 选项健康的、C 选项忙碌的、D 选项开心的均不符合语境，选 B。 2.答案：C 解析：为避免危险，湛江和海口等城市决定关闭学校和工作场所，A 选项开始、B 选项打开、D 选项建造均不符合，选 C。 3.答案：A 解析：在台风到来之前，180 多万人被转移到安全的地方，B 选项睡觉、C 选项改变、D 选项消失均不符合逻辑，选 A。 4.答案：B 解析：人们为台风做准备，会购买足够的食物、水和药品，A 选项出售、C 选项浪费、D 选项忘记均不符合，选 B。 5.答案：A 解析：以防停电，手电筒和蜡烛是需要的，B 选项拒绝、C 选项丢失、D 选项返回均不符合，选 A。 6.答案：B 解析：阳台上的东西，如花盆，要放到室内防止掉落，A 选项扔掉、C 选项留下、D 选项发现均不符合，选 B。 7.答案：C 解析：当地气象部门持续更新台风路径让人们知晓，keep doing sth. 表示 “持续做某事”，A 选项停止、B 选项练习、D 选项记得均不符合，选 C。 8.答案：D 解析：因为没人外出，所以事故更少，前后是因果关系，A 选项如果、B 选项尽管、C 选项除非均不符合，选 D。 9.答案：B 解析：台风过后，一些城市开始继续工作和上学，A 选项避免、C 选项完成、D 选项介意均不符合，选 B。 10答案：A 解析：这段经历告诉我们，做好准备并听从警告是在自然灾害中保持安全的最佳方式，B 选项迟到的、C 选项懒惰的、D 选项害羞的均不符合，选 A。 语篇填空 1.答案：remind 解析：此处用动词不定式表示目的，“to remind” 表示为了提醒人们台风的风险。 2.答案：were closed 解析：学校和办公室是被关闭，且动作发生在过去，用一般过去时的被动语态 “were closed”。 3.答案：were taken 解析：居民是被带到安全避难所，发生在过去，用一般过去时的被动语态 “were taken”。 4.答案：to tie 解析：use sth. to do sth. 表示 “用某物做某事”，所以用 “to tie”。 5.答案：releasing 解析：keep doing sth. 表示 “持续做某事”，所以用 “releasing”。 6.答案：storing 解析：like 在这里是介词，后接动词 -ing 形式，所以用 “storing”。 7.答案：for 解析：check for 表示 “检查是否有”，消防员检查是否有潜在危险。 8.答案：were reported 解析：受伤情况是被报道，且发生在过去，用一般过去时的被动语态 “were reported”。 9.答案：if 解析：这里表示条件，“如果我们保持警惕并共同努力”，用 “if” 引导条件状语从句。 10.答案：from 解析：表示 “来自自然灾害的伤害”，用 “from”。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $