02 阿富汗地震求助（阅读专练）2026年高考英语热点阅读专练

Afghanistan calls for help ( 类型：实时新闻 话题：阿富汗地震求助 题源：The Week Junior 对象：高中 字数：452 ) Afghanistan's government has called for help from other countries and international aid organisations after an earthquake struck the east of the country on 31 August. call for 呼吁 international aid 国际援助 strike-struck-struck v. 击打，打击； 罢工 Where is Afghanistan? Afghanistan is a country in central Asia. It shares a border with several countries, including Pakistan to the east and Iran to the west. It has been heavily affected by issues such as climate change and conflict, and is one of the poorest countries in the world. Since 2021, it has been ruled by the Taliban, a military and political group with extreme views. While in power, the Taliban government has restricted the rights of people living in the country. Taliban rules particularly affect women, who are banned from working in most jobs, from public spaces such as parks, and from going to school beyond Year 6. Since 2021, the funding and aid Afghanistan receives from other countries has fallen, partly because of opposition to the Taliban government's policies. Border n. 边界，过界 Taliban 塔利班 restrict v. 限制 ban v. 禁止 What happened? The centre of the earthquake was in a remote mountainous area in the east of Afghanistan. The worst hit areas were the Nangarhar and Kunar provinces (regions) but people felt tremors in Kabul, the country's capital city, and in Islamabad, the capital of neighbouring Pakistan. On 3 September, it was reported that 1,411 people had been killed, 3,124 people had been injured and more than 5,400 homes had been destroyed. The remoteness of the area where the earthquake struck has made reaching people in need of help more difficult. The Kunar province also experienced flooding and landslides in the days before the earthquake, blocking roads and affecting rescue efforts. remoteness n. 偏远，偏僻 block v. 阻挡，阻塞 How severe was the earthquake? The earthquake was magnitude 6. The magnitude of an earthquake is a measurement of how powerful it is. The centre of the earthquake was relatively close to the Earth's surface, so it caused lots of damage. In the evening of 2 September a second earthquake of magnitude 5.5 struck eastern Afghanistan and interrupted rescue work. Magnitude n. 震级，量级 Relatively adv. 相对地，比较地 What's being done to help? The mountainous countryside and blocked roads mean rescuers are using helicopters to search for survivors and take them to safety. Different organisations, including the United Nations (UN) and the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, are also looking for survivors, as well as giving out supplies including water, medicine, food and drinking water. The UN's top official António Guterres said the UN would “spare no effort to assist those in need in the affected areas”. Other countries including India and the United Arab Emirates are providing funding and aid to help. This includes the UK, which is giving £1 million. UK Foreign Secretary David Lammy said the money would help essential healthcare and emergency supplies reach the hardest-hit areas. survivor n. 幸存者；生还者 survive v. 幸存；存活 survival n. 生存；幸存 Spare no effort to do sth. 不遗余力做某事 1、 同义词再现 A. destroy B.assist C. call for D. emergent 1. The Afghan government appealed to the international community for urgent aid after the earthquake. ( ) 2. The earthquake devastated entire villages in Nangarhar and Kunar provinces. ( ) 3. International aid organizations have sent medical supplies and food to the earthquake-hit areas.( ) 4. The most urgent need in the disaster zone is clean water and medical care. ( ) 二、标准新闻结构梳理 1. 新闻导语——事件核心概述 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.灾情细节——救援面临的困境 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3受灾民众现状——生存危机 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4.国际响应——援助行动与挑战 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5.长期隐患——灾后重建压力 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 三、重难句分析 "Mountainous countryside and blocked roads mean rescuers are using helicopters to search for survivors and take them to safety, a move that has slowed down the rescue process due to limited flight time and harsh weather conditions." 结构拆分 ： 主句："Mountainous countryside and blocked roads mean..."（主语：Mountainous countryside and blocked roads；谓语：mean） 宾语从句："rescuers are using helicopters to search for survivors and take them to safety"（作mean的宾语，包含"use sth. to do sth."结构，两个不定式"to search..."和"to take..."并列） 同位语："a move that..."（补充说明"using helicopters"这一行动，其中that引导定语从句修饰a move，从句中"due to..."作原因状语） 翻译 ：“山区地形和受阻的道路意味着救援人员正在使用直升机搜救幸存者并将他们送往安全地带，但由于飞行时间有限和恶劣天气条件，这一举措减慢了救援进程。” 难点突破 ："a move that..."是同位语结构，翻译时需补充逻辑关系（“但”），使中文表达更连贯；"harsh weather conditions"译为“恶劣天气条件”，符合新闻文本的正式语境。 "The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) has stated that while initial aid shipments have arrived in major cities near the earthquake zone, distributing supplies to remote villages remains a significant challenge due to damaged infrastructure." 结构拆分 ： 主句："The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) has stated that..."（主语：UNHCR；谓语：has stated；that引导宾语从句） 宾语从句内部："while initial aid shipments have arrived..., distributing supplies... remains a significant challenge..."（while引导让步状语从句，主句主语为动名词短语"distributing supplies..."，谓语：remains） 原因状语："due to damaged infrastructure"（说明“分发物资困难”的原因） 翻译 ：“联合国难民署（UNHCR）表示，尽管首批援助物资已抵达地震灾区附近的主要城市，但由于基础设施受损，向偏远村庄分发物资仍是一项重大挑战。” 难点突破 ："while"此处表“尽管”，引导让步从句，翻译时需体现转折关系；"initial aid shipments"译为“首批援助物资”，准确传达“初始阶段”的含义；"remote villages"对应前文“山区偏远区域”，保持语境一致。 四、阅读理解题（高考题型适配） （一）细节理解题 1. Which provinces in Afghanistan were the worst hit by the earthquake? A. Kabul and Herat B. Nangarhar and Kunar C. Kandahar and Balkh D. Helmand and Ghazni 2. Why are rescuers using helicopters for the rescue work? A. Because helicopters can carry more medical supplies. B. Because roads in mountainous areas are blocked. C. Because survivors prefer to be rescued by helicopter. D. Because harsh weather makes other transport unavailable. 3. What is the most urgent need for survivors in the earthquake-hit areas? A. Educational resources B. Clean water and medical care C. Building materials for houses D. Communication equipment 4. Which international organization has launched an emergency rescue mechanism? A. World Health Organization (WHO) B. International Monetary Fund (IMF) C. United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) D. World Trade Organization (WTO) （二）推理判断题 5. What can we infer from the fact that "distributing supplies to remote villages remains a challenge"? A. The international aid is not enough for the disaster zone. B. The local government has failed to help with the distribution. C. The damaged infrastructure has affected aid delivery. D. Survivors in remote villages have already received enough supplies. 6. What does the author imply about Afghanistan's ability to rebuild after the earthquake? A. Afghanistan can complete the reconstruction on its own. B. Afghanistan needs long-term international support for reconstruction. C. Reconstruction will be completed soon with international aid. D. Reconstruction is not a priority for Afghanistan now. （三）主旨大意题 7. What is the main idea of the passage? A. The causes of the earthquake in Afghanistan and its impact on the country. B. The rescue efforts and challenges after the Afghanistan earthquake, and the need for international aid. C. The international organizations' contributions to Afghanistan's disaster relief. D. The long-term plans for Afghanistan's post-earthquake reconstruction. 8. Which of the following best summarizes Paragraph 4? A. International aid has arrived in Afghanistan, but distribution is difficult. B. Many countries have promised to provide financial support to Afghanistan. C. UNHCR is the most important organization in Afghanistan's disaster relief. D. Infrastructure damage has stopped all aid from reaching the disaster zone. 五、完形填空题 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 A powerful earthquake struck Afghanistan earlier this month, bringing great 1.______ to the country’s eastern provinces. The worst hit areas were Nangarhar and Kunar, where thousands of homes were 2.______ and many people lost their lives. Local officials reported that the casualty figures were still 3.______ as rescuers continued to search through the ruins. In the wake of the disaster, the Afghan government immediately 4.______ to the international community for urgent aid. However, rescue work has been 5.______ by multiple challenges. Mountainous terrain and blocked roads have made it hard for rescue teams to 6.______ remote villages. As a result, rescuers have had to use helicopters to 7.______ survivors and deliver essential supplies like food and medicine. Survivors in the earthquake-hit areas are facing severe 8.______. Most of them have lost their homes and are now living in temporary tents. With winter approaching, the lack of warm clothing and 9.______ water has become a major problem. Local hospitals are also 10.______ with patients, and medical supplies are running low. International organizations have responded to the crisis. The UNHCR has 11.______ emergency relief operations, sending tents, blankets and food to the灾区. Several countries have also 12.______ to provide financial support and send medical teams. However, 13.______ supplies to remote areas remains a big challenge due to damaged roads and bridges. Experts say that while immediate rescue is important, long-term 14.______ will be even more difficult. Afghanistan’s weak economy and unstable political situation mean it cannot 15.______ the reconstruction work alone. It will need continuous international support in the coming years. 1. A. hope B. destruction C. progress D. peace 2. A. built B. repaired C. destroyed D. protected 3. A. rising B. falling C. remaining D. disappearing 4. A. apologized B. appealed C. complained D. explained 5. A. speeded up B. carried out C. held back D. turned down 6. A. leave B. reach C. abandon D. explore 7. A. rescue B. punish C. avoid D. train 8. A. opportunities B. pleasures C. comforts D. hardships 9. A. dirty B. clean C. cold D. hot 10. A. filled B. satisfied C. equipped D. connected 11. A. ended B. delayed C. launched D. canceled 12. A. refused B. promised C. forgotten D. hesitated 13. A. producing B. storing C. distributing D. collecting 14. A. reconstruction B. education C. entertainment D. celebration 15. A. start B. finish C. afford D. join 六、语法填空题 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A powerful earthquake hit Afghanistan earlier this month, causing heavy casualties and widespread damage. The worst affected provinces were Nangarhar and Kunar, where more than 5,400 homes 1.______ (destroy) and thousands of people were left homeless. Local authorities said that the number of deaths 2.______ (rise) to over 1,400 by the end of last week, with more than 3,100 people injured. In remote mountainous areas, rescue work has been made extremely difficult by blocked roads and damaged bridges. Many villages have lost contact with the outside world, 3.______ (leave) survivors without access to food, water or medical care. To reach these cut-off communities, rescuers 4.______ (u`se) helicopters to search for survivors and deliver essential supplies since the disaster began. However, limited flight time and harsh weather 5.______ (continue) to slow down the rescue process so far. The Afghan government has appealed to the international community for urgent help. 6.______ response, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and the Red Cross have launched emergency relief operations. They have sent tents, blankets and medical kits to the disaster zone, 7.______ local hospitals are struggling to treat the injured due to a shortage of supplies. A spokesperson from UNHCR said, “Our priority now is 8.______ (ensure) that every survivor has a safe place to stay and enough to eat.” Experts warn that the disaster’s impact will last for years. Afghanistan, 9.______ economy is already weak, faces a huge challenge in rebuilding destroyed homes and infrastructure. Without long-term international support, it will be nearly impossible for the country 10.______ (recover) from this tragedy. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Afghanistan calls for help ( 类型：实时新闻 话题：阿富汗地震求助 题源：The Week Junior 对象：高中 字数：452 ) Afghanistan's government has called for help from other countries and international aid organisations after an earthquake struck the east of the country on 31 August. call for 呼吁 international aid 国际援助 strike-struck-struck v. 击打，打击； 罢工 Where is Afghanistan? Afghanistan is a country in central Asia. It shares a border with several countries, including Pakistan to the east and Iran to the west. It has been heavily affected by issues such as climate change and conflict, and is one of the poorest countries in the world. Since 2021, it has been ruled by the Taliban, a military and political group with extreme views. While in power, the Taliban government has restricted the rights of people living in the country. Taliban rules particularly affect women, who are banned from working in most jobs, from public spaces such as parks, and from going to school beyond Year 6. Since 2021, the funding and aid Afghanistan receives from other countries has fallen, partly because of opposition to the Taliban government's policies. Border n. 边界，过界 Taliban 塔利班 restrict v. 限制 ban v. 禁止 What happened? The centre of the earthquake was in a remote mountainous area in the east of Afghanistan. The worst hit areas were the Nangarhar and Kunar provinces (regions) but people felt tremors in Kabul, the country's capital city, and in Islamabad, the capital of neighbouring Pakistan. On 3 September, it was reported that 1,411 people had been killed, 3,124 people had been injured and more than 5,400 homes had been destroyed. The remoteness of the area where the earthquake struck has made reaching people in need of help more difficult. The Kunar province also experienced flooding and landslides in the days before the earthquake, blocking roads and affecting rescue efforts. remoteness n. 偏远，偏僻 block v. 阻挡，阻塞 How severe was the earthquake? The earthquake was magnitude 6. The magnitude of an earthquake is a measurement of how powerful it is. The centre of the earthquake was relatively close to the Earth's surface, so it caused lots of damage. In the evening of 2 September a second earthquake of magnitude 5.5 struck eastern Afghanistan and interrupted rescue work. Magnitude n. 震级，量级 Relatively adv. 相对地，比较地 What's being done to help? The mountainous countryside and blocked roads mean rescuers are using helicopters to search for survivors and take them to safety. Different organisations, including the United Nations (UN) and the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, are also looking for survivors, as well as giving out supplies including water, medicine, food and drinking water. The UN's top official António Guterres said the UN would “spare no effort to assist those in need in the affected areas”. Other countries including India and the United Arab Emirates are providing funding and aid to help. This includes the UK, which is giving £1 million. UK Foreign Secretary David Lammy said the money would help essential healthcare and emergency supplies reach the hardest-hit areas. survivor n. 幸存者；生还者 survive v. 幸存；存活 survival n. 生存；幸存 Spare no effort to do sth. 不遗余力做某事 1、 同义词再现 A. destroy B.assist C. call for D. emergent 1. The Afghan government appealed to the international community for urgent aid after the earthquake. ( C ) 2. The earthquake devastated entire villages in Nangarhar and Kunar provinces. ( A ) 3. International aid organizations have sent medical supplies and food to the earthquake-hit areas.( B ) 4. The most urgent need in the disaster zone is clean water and medical care. ( D ) 二、标准新闻结构梳理 1. 新闻导语——事件核心概述 介绍阿富汗发生强烈地震的核心事实，包括地震发生的时间、震中周边受影响最严重的省份（楠格哈尔省和库纳尔省），以及目前已造成的人员伤亡和房屋损毁数据，点明阿富汗政府已向国际社会发出紧急求助信号。 2.灾情细节——救援面临的困境 详细描述地震灾区的实际状况：山区地形复杂，多条道路因山体滑坡和建筑废墟被阻断，导致救援车辆和人员难以进入偏远区域；部分村庄电力和通信完全中断，与外界失联，救援人员不得不启用直升机进行幸存者搜救和物资投送，凸显救援工作的艰难性。 3.受灾民众现状——生存危机 聚焦受灾民众的处境：大量房屋坍塌后，幸存者被迫在户外临时搭建帐篷避难，面临严寒天气、缺乏干净饮用水和食物的困境；医院接收的伤者数量远超救治能力，医疗物资（如绷带、药品）告急，部分重伤员因无法及时获得手术治疗面临生命危险。 4.国际响应——援助行动与挑战 阐述国际社会的初步援助举措：联合国难民署、红十字会等国际组织已启动紧急救援机制，向灾区运送帐篷、毯子、食品等物资；部分国家承诺提供资金和医疗团队支援，但因交通受阻和当地基础设施损毁严重，物资分发和人员部署仍面临延迟问题。 5.长期隐患——灾后重建压力 指出地震后的长期挑战：除了当下的救援需求，灾后重建需要巨额资金和长期规划，而阿富汗本身经济薄弱、政局不稳定，难以独立承担重建任务；同时，震后可能引发的疫情（如饮用水污染导致的传染病）和心理创伤问题，也需要国际社会持续关注和支持。 三、重难句分析 "Mountainous countryside and blocked roads mean rescuers are using helicopters to search for survivors and take them to safety, a move that has slowed down the rescue process due to limited flight time and harsh weather conditions." 结构拆分 ： 主句："Mountainous countryside and blocked roads mean..."（主语：Mountainous countryside and blocked roads；谓语：mean） 宾语从句："rescuers are using helicopters to search for survivors and take them to safety"（作mean的宾语，包含"use sth. to do sth."结构，两个不定式"to search..."和"to take..."并列） 同位语："a move that..."（补充说明"using helicopters"这一行动，其中that引导定语从句修饰a move，从句中"due to..."作原因状语） 翻译 ：“山区地形和受阻的道路意味着救援人员正在使用直升机搜救幸存者并将他们送往安全地带，但由于飞行时间有限和恶劣天气条件，这一举措减慢了救援进程。” 难点突破 ："a move that..."是同位语结构，翻译时需补充逻辑关系（“但”），使中文表达更连贯；"harsh weather conditions"译为“恶劣天气条件”，符合新闻文本的正式语境。 "The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) has stated that while initial aid shipments have arrived in major cities near the earthquake zone, distributing supplies to remote villages remains a significant challenge due to damaged infrastructure." 结构拆分 ： 主句："The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) has stated that..."（主语：UNHCR；谓语：has stated；that引导宾语从句） 宾语从句内部："while initial aid shipments have arrived..., distributing supplies... remains a significant challenge..."（while引导让步状语从句，主句主语为动名词短语"distributing supplies..."，谓语：remains） 原因状语："due to damaged infrastructure"（说明“分发物资困难”的原因） 翻译 ：“联合国难民署（UNHCR）表示，尽管首批援助物资已抵达地震灾区附近的主要城市，但由于基础设施受损，向偏远村庄分发物资仍是一项重大挑战。” 难点突破 ："while"此处表“尽管”，引导让步从句，翻译时需体现转折关系；"initial aid shipments"译为“首批援助物资”，准确传达“初始阶段”的含义；"remote villages"对应前文“山区偏远区域”，保持语境一致。 四、阅读理解题（高考题型适配） （一）细节理解题 1. Which provinces in Afghanistan were the worst hit by the earthquake? A. Kabul and Herat B. Nangarhar and Kunar C. Kandahar and Balkh D. Helmand and Ghazni （答案：B；解析：根据第一段“the worst hit areas were the Nangarhar and Kunar provinces”可直接定位答案。） 2. Why are rescuers using helicopters for the rescue work? A. Because helicopters can carry more medical supplies. B. Because roads in mountainous areas are blocked. C. Because survivors prefer to be rescued by helicopter. D. Because harsh weather makes other transport unavailable. （答案：B；解析：根据第二段“mountainous countryside and blocked roads mean rescuers are using helicopters”可知，道路受阻是使用直升机的直接原因，D选项“恶劣天气”是减慢救援的因素，非使用直升机的原因，故排除。） 3. What is the most urgent need for survivors in the earthquake-hit areas? A. Educational resources B. Clean water and medical care C. Building materials for houses D. Communication equipment （答案：B；解析：根据第三段“The most urgent need in the disaster zone is clean water and medical care”可直接得出答案，A、C是长期重建需求，D是救援保障需求，均非“最紧急”。） 4. Which international organization has launched an emergency rescue mechanism? A. World Health Organization (WHO) B. International Monetary Fund (IMF) C. United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) D. World Trade Organization (WTO) （答案：C；解析：根据第四段“the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)... has启动紧急救援机制”可定位答案，WHO侧重医疗，IMF侧重经济，WTO侧重贸易，均与“紧急救援机制”无关。） （二）推理判断题 5. What can we infer from the fact that "distributing supplies to remote villages remains a challenge"? A. The international aid is not enough for the disaster zone. B. The local government has failed to help with the distribution. C. The damaged infrastructure has affected aid delivery. D. Survivors in remote villages have already received enough supplies. （答案：C；解析：根据第四段“due to damaged infrastructure”可知，基础设施受损是分发物资困难的原因，可推断C正确；A选项“援助不足”文中未提及，B选项“当地政府未协助”无依据，D选项与“分发困难”矛盾，故排除。） 6. What does the author imply about Afghanistan's ability to rebuild after the earthquake? A. Afghanistan can complete the reconstruction on its own. B. Afghanistan needs long-term international support for reconstruction. C. Reconstruction will be completed soon with international aid. D. Reconstruction is not a priority for Afghanistan now. （答案：B；解析：根据第五段“Afghanistan itself economic薄弱、政局不稳定，难以独立承担重建任务”可推断，阿富汗需要长期国际支持，A与原文矛盾，C“很快完成”无依据，D“重建非优先”错误，原文提到“重建需要规划”，说明是重要任务。） （三）主旨大意题 7. What is the main idea of the passage? A. The causes of the earthquake in Afghanistan and its impact on the country. B. The rescue efforts and challenges after the Afghanistan earthquake, and the need for international aid. C. The international organizations' contributions to Afghanistan's disaster relief. D. The long-term plans for Afghanistan's post-earthquake reconstruction. （答案：B；解析：文章第一段讲地震灾情与求助，第二、三段讲救援困境与民众需求，第四、五段讲国际援助与重建挑战，核心围绕“救援、挑战与国际援助需求”，A仅讲“原因与影响”，C仅讲“国际组织贡献”，D仅讲“重建计划”，均片面。） 8. Which of the following best summarizes Paragraph 4? A. International aid has arrived in Afghanistan, but distribution is difficult. B. Many countries have promised to provide financial support to Afghanistan. C. UNHCR is the most important organization in Afghanistan's disaster relief. D. Infrastructure damage has stopped all aid from reaching the disaster zone. （答案：A；解析：第四段核心是“首批援助抵达，但偏远地区分发困难”，B仅讲“资金承诺”，片面；C“最关键组织”无依据；D“所有援助停滞”与“首批物资抵达”矛盾，故A正确。） 五、完形填空题 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 A powerful earthquake struck Afghanistan earlier this month, bringing great 1.______ to the country’s eastern provinces. The worst hit areas were Nangarhar and Kunar, where thousands of homes were 2.______ and many people lost their lives. Local officials reported that the casualty figures were still 3.______ as rescuers continued to search through the ruins. In the wake of the disaster, the Afghan government immediately 4.______ to the international community for urgent aid. However, rescue work has been 5.______ by multiple challenges. Mountainous terrain and blocked roads have made it hard for rescue teams to 6.______ remote villages. As a result, rescuers have had to use helicopters to 7.______ survivors and deliver essential supplies like food and medicine. Survivors in the earthquake-hit areas are facing severe 8.______. Most of them have lost their homes and are now living in temporary tents. With winter approaching, the lack of warm clothing and 9.______ water has become a major problem. Local hospitals are also 10.______ with patients, and medical supplies are running low. International organizations have responded to the crisis. The UNHCR has 11.______ emergency relief operations, sending tents, blankets and food to the灾区. Several countries have also 12.______ to provide financial support and send medical teams. However, 13.______ supplies to remote areas remains a big challenge due to damaged roads and bridges. Experts say that while immediate rescue is important, long-term 14.______ will be even more difficult. Afghanistan’s weak economy and unstable political situation mean it cannot 15.______ the reconstruction work alone. It will need continuous international support in the coming years. 1. A. hope B. destruction C. progress D. peace 2. A. built B. repaired C. destroyed D. protected 3. A. rising B. falling C. remaining D. disappearing 4. A. apologized B. appealed C. complained D. explained 5. A. speeded up B. carried out C. held back D. turned down 6. A. leave B. reach C. abandon D. explore 7. A. rescue B. punish C. avoid D. train 8. A. opportunities B. pleasures C. comforts D. hardships 9. A. dirty B. clean C. cold D. hot 10. A. filled B. satisfied C. equipped D. connected 11. A. ended B. delayed C. launched D. canceled 12. A. refused B. promised C. forgotten D. hesitated 13. A. producing B. storing C. distributing D. collecting 14. A. reconstruction B. education C. entertainment D. celebration 15. A. start B. finish C. afford D. join 答案与解析： 1. B（地震带来“破坏”，destruction符合语境，hope“希望”、progress“进步”、peace“和平”均与灾情矛盾） 2. C（地震中房屋被“摧毁”，destroyed正确，built“建造”、repaired“修复”、protected“保护”均不符合） 3. A（救援持续，伤亡人数“上升”，rising正确，falling“下降”、remaining“保持”、disappearing“消失”无依据） 4. B（政府向国际社会“呼吁”援助，appealed符合“appeal to sb. for sth.”结构，apologized“道歉”、complained“抱怨”、explained“解释”不符） 5. C（救援被挑战“阻碍”，held back正确，speeded up“加速”、carried out“执行”、turned down“拒绝”不符） 6. B（救援队难以“到达”偏远村庄，reach正确，leave“离开”、abandon“放弃”、explore“探索”不符） 7. A（直升机“救援”幸存者，rescue正确，punish“惩罚”、avoid“避免”、train“训练”不符） 8. D（幸存者面临“困境”，hardships正确，opportunities“机会”、pleasures“乐趣”、comforts“舒适”不符） 9. B（缺乏“干净”水，clean符合生存需求，dirty“脏的”、cold“冷的”、hot“热的”非核心问题） 10. A（医院“挤满”病人，filled with为固定搭配，satisfied“满意的”、equipped“配备的”、connected“连接的”不符） 11. C（UNHCR“启动”救援行动，launched正确，ended“结束”、delayed“延迟”、canceled“取消”不符） 12. B（国家“承诺”提供资金，promised正确，refused“拒绝”、forgotten“忘记”、hesitated“犹豫”不符） 13. C（向偏远地区“分发”物资，distributing正确，producing“生产”、storing“储存”、collecting“收集”不符） 14. A（长期“重建”更困难，reconstruction符合第五段内容，education“教育”、entertainment“娱乐”、celebration“庆祝”不符） 15. C（阿富汗无法“承担”重建，afford“负担得起”正确，start“开始”、finish“完成”、join“加入”不符，原文强调“经济薄弱”，故afford更贴切） 六、语法填空题 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A powerful earthquake hit Afghanistan earlier this month, causing heavy casualties and widespread damage. The worst affected provinces were Nangarhar and Kunar, where more than 5,400 homes 1.______ (destroy) and thousands of people were left homeless. Local authorities said that the number of deaths 2.______ (rise) to over 1,400 by the end of last week, with more than 3,100 people injured. In remote mountainous areas, rescue work has been made extremely difficult by blocked roads and damaged bridges. Many villages have lost contact with the outside world, 3.______ (leave) survivors without access to food, water or medical care. To reach these cut-off communities, rescuers 4.______ (u`se) helicopters to search for survivors and deliver essential supplies since the disaster began. However, limited flight time and harsh weather 5.______ (continue) to slow down the rescue process so far. The Afghan government has appealed to the international community for urgent help. 6.______ response, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and the Red Cross have launched emergency relief operations. They have sent tents, blankets and medical kits to the disaster zone, 7.______ local hospitals are struggling to treat the injured due to a shortage of supplies. A spokesperson from UNHCR said, “Our priority now is 8.______ (ensure) that every survivor has a safe place to stay and enough to eat.” Experts warn that the disaster’s impact will last for years. Afghanistan, 9.______ economy is already weak, faces a huge challenge in rebuilding destroyed homes and infrastructure. Without long-term international support, it will be nearly impossible for the country 10.______ (recover) from this tragedy. 答案与解析： 1. were destroyed （考查时态和语态。homes与destroy为被动关系，且事件发生在过去，用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是复数，故填were destroyed） 2. had risen （考查时态。by the end of last week“到上周末为止”是过去完成时的标志，表示“过去的过去”，故填had risen） 3. leaving （考查非谓语动词。句子主干完整，此处用现在分词作结果状语，表示“村庄失联”自然导致的结果，故填leaving） 4. have been using （考查时态。since the disaster began“自灾难发生以来”是现在完成进行时的标志，表示动作从过去开始持续到现在且仍在进行，故填have been using） 5. have continued （考查时态。so far“到目前为止”是现在完成时的标志，主语为复数，故填have continued） 6. In （考查固定搭配。in response“作为回应”是固定短语，句首首字母大写，故填In） 7. where （考查定语从句。先行词是the disaster zone，从句中缺少地点状语，用关系副词where引导非限制性定语从句，故填where） 8. to ensure （考查非谓语动词。此处用不定式作表语，说明“当前优先级”的具体内容，故填to ensure） 9. whose （考查定语从句。先行词是Afghanistan，从句中修饰economy，表“所属关系”，用关系代词whose，故填whose） 10. to recover （考查非谓语动词。it is + adj. + for sb. to do sth.是固定句型，it为形式主语，真正主语是后面的不定式，故填to recover） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $