专题04 阅读理解（议论文+新闻报道）（期中真题汇编，陕晋青宁专用） 高二英语上学期

专题04 阅读理解 议论文+新闻报道 主题01 人与社会—— 科学与生活 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·青海省西宁市·期中） We sometimes think that everything was much better and easier in the past. It’s one of the tricks our minds play on us, especially when we arc in low spirits. Actually, it’s unlikely that things were objectively better in the past. This form of thinking is called rosy retrospection,which is a well-studied cognitive bias. It happens because when we think about the past, we are more likely to focus on positive generalities than annoying details. If you think back to a holiday with your family five years ago, you’re likely to recall the beautiful views rather than the uncomfortable bed. In other words,the negative details disappear from our memory over time while the positive ones remain. Rosy retrospection can influence how we make decisions, and it’s one of the reasons why we easily return into problematic relationships. The longer it is since we experienced the negative influence of a relationship, the more likely we are to let the good memories outweigh the bad memories and to perhaps forgive unforgivable behavior. It’s always a good idea to review our nostalgic (怀旧的) feelings with a healthy degree of doubt. But rosy retrospection does serve an important purpose. It keeps us in a positive state of mind in the present and is important to our psychological wellbeing. In fact, people who tend to remember negative experiences more than positive ones are likely to exhibit psychological disorders. Research generally suggests that our happiest days are still to come. And even if they’re not, it’s still important to believe that they are. Don’t shy away from looking upon the past with a certain degree of nostalgia. But, for the same reason, don’t use the past as an excuse to be unhappy in the present. 1．What does the underlined phrase “rosy retrospection” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Having a preference for good memories. B．Remembering exactly about the details. C．Concentrating on impossible things. D．Thinking objectively about the past: 2．Which of the following is encouraged by the author according to Paragraph 4? A．Reviewing the nostalgic feelings critically. B．Ignoring the nostalgic feelings absolutely. C．Forgiving the unacceptable behavior generously. D．Getting back to the problematic relationships bravely. 3．What’s the main idea of the last paragraph? A．The good excuse for present unhappiness. B．The accuracy of remembering past details. C．The importance of maintaining a positive mindset. D．The negative impact of recalling past experiences. 4．What is the author’s attitude toward rosy retrospection according to the passage? A．Negative. B．Cautious. C．Favorable. D．Objective. Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·山西省太原市·期中） A team of students in the Netherlands has designed and built a tough car that’s completely powered by the sun. The car, called Stella Terra, is the first solar-powered car that can travel off-road for long distances without needing a recharging station. Students at Eindhoven University of Technology in the Netherlands have been working on solar-powered cars for years. In order to create a car that could deal with the kind of tough driving, the students had to design the entire car, from top to bottom. On top, of course, were the solar panels (电池板) . Most solar panels are only about 20% efficient. That means they waste about 80% of the sunlight they get. But the Stella Terra’s solar panels are 97% efficient. They waste far less sunlight than even the best solar panels you can buy. Stella Terra can carry two people, and has a top speed of 90 mph. The car weighs just 2, 600 pounds. That’s about two-thirds the weight of a typical car. On the bottom, the team designed a suspension (悬架) system to help the car deal with the bumps (颠簸) and heavy shaking that come when driving over bumpy surfaces. The team recently took the car on its biggest test— a challenging 620-mile (1, 000-kilometer) test drive across Morocco. The car had to travel through forests as well as dry riverbeds. It had to drive across desert sand and up mountain roads. The car succeeded in doing all of this— and all without ever stopping at a charging station. The team is very proud of their car, but they won’t be upset if car companies start to copy their ideas. In fact, they hope that the Stella Terra will help inspire car companies to work on similar projects. But despite their success, the students think it will take five to ten years before car companies are able to build a similar car. “We are pushing the technology forward,” said Wisse Bos, the team's manager. 1．What do we know about Stella Terra? A．It is a self-driving car. B．It has high energy efficiency. C．It is the first solar-powered car. D．It is not allowed to run on the road. 2．What effect does the suspension system have on the car? A．It increases the car’s speed. B．It reduces the car’s weight. C．It makes the car run smoothly. D．It improves the car’s energy efficiency. 3．How do the students respond to car companies’ copying their ideas? A．They are worried about it. B．They are protective of their design. C．They are planning to re-evaluate their design. D．They are happy to see car companies adopt their ideas. 4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．Solar-Powered Cars Have a Long History B．Students Create a Tough Solar-Powered Car C．Solar-Powered Cars Are the Future of Transportation D．Efficient Solar-Powered Cars Have Reached Customers Passage 3 （24-25学年高二上·甘肃省天水市·期中） For the first time, a donated heart has been flown 12 hours and 6,750 kilometers across the Atlantic Ocean and successfully transplanted (移植) into its recipient. It was transported via a commercial airline to Paris, France, marking the first time a donated heart has flown across the Atlantic. At the Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital in Paris, surgeon Guillaume Lebreton successfully transplanted the heart into a 70-year-old man with a heart condition. Lebreton called the success “an achievement previously unimaginable in organ transplantation”. It was achieved as part of a pilot study known as PEGASE, which aims to establish whether successful transplant is possible after the heart has been preserved for long periods of time — specifically, on journeys from Martinique and Guadeloupe in the Caribbean. The heart was preserved using a special technique where a heart is kept cold. While there have been clinical trials exploring such a technique, according to the surgeon, this is the first time it’s been tested for such extreme transport times. If the results seen on this occasion are successfully used in the rest of the study, it’s hoped that the technique could have “the potential to redefine the landscape of heart transplantation with unlimited geographical procurement (获取) and lowered time limits”. At present, transplanting hearts is often a race against time — they generally need to be transplanted within four hours of being removed from a donor. Increasing the geographical resources of potential donors could also have an impact on transplant list waiting times. In the US, for example, there are around 3,000 people on the waiting list for a heart on any given day, but only 2,000 hearts are available each year. Depending on qualification criteria, some people may be waiting for years; being able to get hearts from a wider range of places could cut down that time. “We wanted to make this operation reproduceable and keep transport costs bearable,” Lebreton wrote. Unlike conventional donor-heart transport practices involving expensive private planes, we flew in the economy class in a commercial airliner.” 1．What can we know about PEGASE? A．It focuses on heart transplantation. B．It was launched by Lebreton. C．It ignores treatment for heart disease. D．It has proved unsuccessful. 2．What is the main problem with heart transplantation now? A．The chance of success is very low. B．Transplantation time is limited C．There are no qualified donors. D．The surgeons are inexperienced. 3．Why are the figures mentioned in paragraph 4? A．To emphasize the rome of hearts. B．To prove the qualification of potential donors. C．To say the impact of a transplant. D．To show the need for wider sources of donors. 4．What’s Lebreton’s attitude to using commercial airhners to transport donated hearts? A．Approving. B．Doubtful. C．Unclear. D．Indifferent. Passage 4 （24-25学年高二上·陕西省西安市·期中） Imagine a customer-service center that speaks your language, no matter what it is. Alorica, a company in Irvine, California, which runs customer-service centers around the world, has introduced an artificial intelligence (AI) translation tool that lets its workers talk with customers who speak 200 different languages and 75 dialects. So an Alorica worker who speaks, say, only Spanish can deal with a complaint about an incorrect bank statement from a Cantonese speaker in Hong Kong. And it wouldn’t need to hire an employee who speaks Cantonese. However, Alorica isn’t cutting jobs. It will increasingly hire those who are comfortable with new technology. Potentially, the threat: Perhaps companies won’t need as many employees — and will cut some jobs — if chatbots can handle the workload instead. Consider Suumit Shah, an Indian businessman who caused an uproar last year by saying that he had replaced 90% of his customer support staff with a chatbot named Lina. The move at Shah’s company, Dukaan, which helps customers set up e-commerce sites, reduced the response time to an inquiry from 1 minute, 44 seconds to “instant”. It also cut the typical time needed to solve problems from more than two hours to just over three minutes. Similarly, researchers at Harvard Business School found in a study last year that job postings for writers, coders and artists decreased greatly within eight months of the arrival of ChatGPT. But being exposed to AI doesn’t necessarily mean losing your job to it. The Swedish furniture retailer IKEA, for example, introduced a customer-service chatbot in 2021 to handle simple inquiries. Instead of cutting jobs, IKEA retrained 8,500 customer-service workers to handle such tasks as advising customers on interior design and fielding complex customer calls. The experience at Alorica and IKEA suggests that AI may not prove to be the job killer that many people fear. Instead, the technology might turn out to be more like breakthroughs of the past—the steam engine, electricity and the Internet, which get rid of some jobs while creating others and probably make workers more productive in general to the eventual benefit of workers themselves, their employers and the economy. 1．What does the author want to tell us by the example in paragraph 1? A．The power of AI. B．The threat from humans. C．The customer requirements. D．The tips on language learning. 2．What advantage does Lina have over other staff? A．Winning the trust of customers. B．Responding to customers faster. C．Selling more products to customers. D．Having a great relationship with Shah. 3．What were IKEA’s customer-service workers asked to do in 2021? A．Take on other duties. B．Leave their company. C．Move to HongKong. D．Develop latest chatbots. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．How Will AI Change Our Lives? B．How Should We Use AI Effectively? C．Will AI Take Away Many Human Jobs? D．What Is the Future of Traditional Companies? 主题02 人与自我—— 社会生活 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·山西省太原市·期中） Happiness isn’t earned; it’s noticed. You can put a lot of energy into getting to a position where happiness is easier to notice. But if you are not excited about an achievement, you know that happiness isn’t automatic (自动的). Instead, you need to practice noticing happiness around you. It’s actually a rather common emotion; we just usually ignore most of the sources for it because they are not important. Every rock around you has a story, a structure, and a texture (纹理). Pick up a rock and look at it until you find something you like. Then drop it, catch another, and do it again. With just a little practice, you’ll build an entire little system in your own head for admiring rocks, and pretty soon you can get a little bit of happiness just looking at a rock. That includes everything. Flowers, trees, wind, clouds, cars, rain, rural diners, children’s sports matches, library bathrooms, parking lots, everything. The world has an endless supply of detail, and there’s no good reason not to learn to enjoy that. When you do this, you get this kind of superpower where you can find small joy in any situation. The only reason why most of us don’t learn to practice this skill is that we were told it’s a waste of time by people who never figured it out. With a lot of practice, it can even help you out during times of intense sadness, fear or pain. When you experience a negative (消极的) emotion, it’s a very powerful skill to be able to say “Wow, how interesting that a person can hurt like this! What a world!” It doesn’t make the bad feelings go away, it doesn’t fix whatever problem that caused them, but even in the depths of hopelessness you can shine a little light. 1．What do we learn about happiness from paragraph 1? A．It is difficult to get. B．It lies in everyone’s life. C．It requires discovering. D．It is a mixed emotion. 2．What’s the author’s purpose in mentioning the rock? A．To tell the stories behind it. B．To connect it with many other things. C．To prove the value of every rock. D．To show a way to notice happiness. 3．Why do many people fail to notice happiness? A．They run after real joy in life. B．They want to cover everything. C．They are misled by negative people. D．They pay too much attention to detail. 4．How can admiring happiness benefit us? A．It drives our bad feelings away. B．It brightens us in a positive light. C．It helps solve difficult problems in life. D．It keeps our mind open to everything. Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·陕西省西安市·期中） Ellen Xu, now 18, well remembers her parents rushing her little sister to the hospital when she was a five-year-old in San Diego, California. Three-year-old Kate fell seriously ill; she had a fever, reddened eyes, a rash (皮疹) and some swelling in her hands and tongue. At first, the puzzled doctors thought she had a flu, but when her condition didn't improve, the Xus returned to clinic, where. a doctor by chance had experience with Kawasaki disease. Though rare, it's the leading cause of acquired (后天的) heart disease in babies and young children, and its cause remains somewhat mysterious. Luckily, the doctor knew how to treat it and eventually Kate shook off the illness without suffering damage to her heart. Xu was amazed that the grown-ups couldn't answer her questions about why it was so hard to identify. “In my mind, it was a mystery,” she says, “It was a puzzle I wanted to solve.” A decade later, wanting to enter a high school science fair, she had an idea: “What if we had a doctor in our pocket?” Using AI, Xu designed a medical app to recognize Kawasaki disease based on five physical symptoms (症状) . The technology works the same way as apps that can identify birds and plants with photos you've taken on your cellphone. Worried parents can upload a photo that they have taken of their child, and the technology will scan the image for symptoms of Kawasaki disease. Xu's invention has been used as a web app on the Kawasaki Disease Foundation's website. She says, “It means a lot to me. I want to use Al to help people live happier and healthier lives.” 1．What disease did Kate catch? A．Eye problem. B．A flu. C．A rare disease. D．Heart attack. 2．What is the function of Xu's medical app? A．Curing Kate's disease. B．Solving any puzzles. C．Making doctors work better. D．Identifying Kawasaki disease. 3．The fifth paragraph is mainly about the app's ________. A．wide popularity B．working principles C．hidden risks D．social impacts 4．Which of the following can best describe Ellen Xu? A．Generous and determined. B．Energetic and helpful. C．Creative and caring. D．Curious and hardworking. Passage 3 （24-25学年高二上·陕西省西安市·期中） There is something to be said for being a generalist, even if you are a specialist. Knowing a little about a lot of things that interest you can add to the richness of a whole, well-lived life. Society pushes us to specialize, to become experts. This requires commitment to a particular occupation, branch of study or research. The drawback to being specialists is we often come to know more and more about less and less. There is a great deal of pressure to master one’s field. You may pursue training, degrees, or increasing levels of responsibility at work. Then you discover the pressure of having to keep up. Some people seem willing to work around the clock in their narrow specialty. But such commitment can also weaken a sense of freedom. These specialists could work at the office until ten each night, then look back and realize they would have loved to have gone home and enjoyed the sweetness of their family and friends, or traveled to exciting places, meeting interesting people. Mastering one thing to the exclusion of others can hold back your true spirit. Generalists on the other hand, know a lot about a wide range of subjects and view the whole with all its connections. They are people of ability, talent, and enthusiasm who can bring their broad perspective into specific fields of expertise. The doctor who is also a poet and philosopher is a superior doctor, one who can give so much more to his patients than just good medical skills. Things are connected. Let your expertise in one field fuel your passions in all related areas. Some of your interests may not appear to be connected but, once you explore their depths, you discover that they are. My editor Toni, who is also a writer, has edited several history books. She has decided to study Chinese history. Fascinated by the structural beauty of the Forbidden City as a painter, she is equally interested to learn more about Chinese philosophy. “I don’t know where it will lead, but I’m excited I’m on this pursuit.” These expansions into new worlds help us by giving us new perspectives. We begin to see the interconnectedness of one thing to another in all aspects of our life, of ourselves and the universe. Develop broad, general knowledge and experience. The universe is all yours to explore and enjoy. 1．To become a specialist, one may have to ______ . A．narrow his range of knowledge B．avoid responsibilities at work C．know more about the society D．broaden his perspective on life 2．The specialists mentioned in Paragraph 3 tend to ______ . A．treasure their freedom B．travel around the world C．spend most time working D．enjoy meeting funny people 3．According to the author, a superior doctor is one who ______ . A．is fully aware of his talent and ability B．is a pure specialist in medicine C．should love poetry and philosophy D．brings knowledge of other fields to work 4．What does the author intend to show with the example of Toni? A．Passion alone does not ensure a person’s success. B．In-depth exploration makes discoveries possible. C．Everyone has a chance to succeed in their pursuit. D．Seemingly unrelated interests are in a way connected. Passage 4 （24-25学年高二上·陕西省渭南市·期中） Nowadays, handwriting seems to become less necessary, for young children learn to tap and touch screens before they have even learned to pick up a pencil or tie their shoelaces. Most of our written communication is done through texting on mobile phones or typing on a keyboard. And voice recognition softwares are becoming more and more advanced — making even keyboards unnecessary! So, are handwriting skills important to your child? Actually, handwriting is an exercise in eye-hand coordination (协调), an important part of visual-motor (视觉运动) skills, which are connected with achievements in study. Scientists found that developing fine visual-motor skills in early childhood can lead to not only writing success, but better performance in reading and math in elementary school. It was also found that kids who fail to write neatly and efficiently are often accused of being lazy, and this may affect their behavior and self-worth. Moreover, a study showed that when a group of children were asked to come up with ideas for an article, the ones with better handwriting were more active and had quicker minds. In some ways, handwriting helps their brains’ development. The first attempts at writing can be challenging for pre-school children — whose fine motor skills are not yet fully developed. But some skills to prepare for handwriting are simple to build at home and in preschool. Parents should provide lots of opportunities for kids to copy and draw shapes and simple pictures in early childhood before letters are introduced. Let your child copy your shapes in sand, or with chalks on a board before trying to draw the shapes on their own. Encourage your child to spend less time on electronic devices and more time on activities to improve eye-hand coordination. Let’s face it — technology is certain to continue developing and more research is needed to find the best ways to teach handwriting to young children. But, there’s plenty of evidence that the handwriting practice can provide young children with a good start in developing skills needed for a healthy and successful journey in school. 1．According to Paragraph 1, handwriting is ________. A．easy to learn on a touch screen B．used less frequently (频繁的) now C．more difficult than typewriting D．totally replaced (取代) by softwares 2．How does the author explain the benefits of handwriting? A．By mentioning examples of the kids around him. B．By providing data (数据) about pupils with good grades. C．By giving some news reports on hand-writing. D．By presenting some research findings (研究发现) . 3．What does the author suggest parents do? A．Keep young children away from electronic devices. B．Teach pre-school children to write letters with chalks. C．Help children get ready for handwriting before school. D．Encourage children to face writing challenges bravely. 4．What can be the best title for the text? A．Does poor handwriting really mean being lazy? B．How can handwriting affect children’s self-confidence? C．Should homework be done through handwriting or typewriting? D．Should handwriting be taken seriously in children’s growth? 主题03人与自然——自然与环保 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·山西省太原市·期中） Animals being extinct from the Earth is a serious issue. When this happens in order to use their fur or skin for fashion, it is even worse, since it`s not even for a matter of human survival. That’s why a London zoo decided to make a powerful statement at the Siamese crocodile enclosure (围栏). When visitors come in expecting to see a crocodile, they’re greeted with the handbag instead, making a very effective and powerful point about illegal wildlife trade and the harm it takes on the species involved. A sign by the enclosure reads, “This bag used to be found swimming in slow-moving rivers and streams across Southeast Asia and Indonesia. Over the last 75 years, more than 80% of Siamese crocodiles have disappeared. Many, like this one, were hunted for their skins as part of the illegal wildlife trade.” Native to parts of Southeast Asia, Siamese crocodiles are critically endangered and have become virtually extinct in the wild. Due to hunting as well as habitat loss, they are now absent from nearly 99% of their original range. A huge part of the decline of population is due to humans using their wetland habitat for rice farming, and things only took a turn for the worse when large-scale hunting for their skin for commercial purposes began in the 1950s. The particular handbag that is on display at the zoo was confiscated by the government at a UK airport, according to Benjamin Tapley, leader of reptiles and amphibians at ZSL London Zoo. Tapley told The Huffington Post, “We made this exhibit, within ZSL London Zoo’s Reptile House, to draw attention to the destructive impact the Illegal Wildlife Trade (IWT) is having on species around the world. At ZSL, we are working globally with governments and local communities to protect wildlife, support law enforcement (执法) that targets illegal trade networks, empower local communities affected by IWT and reduce demand for threatened wildlife.” 1．Why does the sign say this handbag used to swim? A．It is made of a crocodile’s skin. B．It is made into a crocodile shape. C．It is light enough to float on water. D．It was kept in flowing river at first. 2．What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A．Wildly hunting of Siamese crocodiles. B．Commercial value of Siamese crocodiles. C．Destruction of Siamese crocodiles’ habitats. D．Causes to make Siamese crocodiles endangered. 3．What does the underlined word “confiscated” in paragraph 5 mean? A．Sold. B．Seized. C．Stolen. D．Exhibited. 4．What does Tapley’s words focus on? A．The harm IWT caused. B．The purpose to show the handbag. C．The importance of wildlife protection. D．The crisis endangered animals are facing. Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·山西省运城市·期中） A snow leopard（雪豹）research team said one of its infrared（红外的）cameras caught some snow leopards playing in a national park in the east end of the Qilian Mountains, which the team leader said is “of great significance”. There have been suspected sightings of snow leopards in east Qinghai before, but none has ever been confirmed. The snow leopard, often found near the alpine snowline in the Asian heartland, has been called “the king of snow mountains”. It is a Class-A protected animal in China and is classified as “vulnerable” by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. “Based on these images, we can conclude that the area has a certain number of snow leopards, but the exact population is yet to be calculated,” said Ulgi, an official at the reserve. In fact, in the snow leopard project, a number of high-tech equipment have been increasingly used in monitoring and protecting the species, such as infrared cameras, drones（无人机）and DNA research based on the animal’s excrement（排泄物）. “Still, more should be done to protect the snow leopard, which is vulnerable to challenges such as climate change, habitat loss and human activities,” he said. A total of 60 infrared cameras have been scattered across the largest State-owned forest in the central and eastern Tianshan Mountains, covering an area of around 550 square kilometers, according to sources in charge of the project on February 18. “We will keep monitoring to learn more about snow leopard activities in the Tianshan Mountains and assist the local administration to come up with more targeted protection measures,” said He Bing, snow leopard project manager. He said that the discoveries of snow leopards and other animals in China were evidence of China’s increased efforts in environmental control, such as the protection of natural forests. 1．How were the snow leopards exactly discovered? A．Caught on camera. B．Seen by local people. C．Followed by the team. D．Watched from the drone. 2．What does the underlined word “vulnerable” in paragraph 5 probably mean? A．Hardly available. B．Easily hurt. C．Changeable. D．Valuable. 3．What can we expect of the snow leopard protection in the future? A．The infrared cameras will be replaced by handy cameras. B．The project will soon be successfully finished. C．More high-tech equipment will be made use of. D．Monitoring places will be transferred to other areas. 4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．Countries Unite to Protect Snow Leopards B．The King of Snow Mountains Is Worthy of the Name C．The Infrared Cameras Play an Important Role in Animal Protection D．Snow Leopards Are Spotted in China’s Qilian Mountains 主题01 人与社会—— 社会发展 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·山西省长治市·期中） Switching food and drink purchases to very similar but more environmentally friendly alternatives could reduce the greenhouse gas emissions from household groceries by more than a quarter (26%), according to a new Australian study from The George Institute published in Nature Food. Making bigger changes— like swapping a frozen meat lasagne (宽面条) for the vegetarian option— could push the reduction to as much as 71%. Lead author Dr Allison Gaines said, “Dietary habits need to change significantly if we are to meet global emissions targets, particularly in high- income countries like Australia, the UK, and the US.” But while consumers are increasingly aware of the environmental impact of the food system, they lack reliable information to identify the more environmentally friendly options. Researchers calculated the projected emissions of annual grocery purchases from 7,000 Australian households in The George Institute’s FoodSwitch database and global environmental impact datasets. More than 22,000 products were assigned to major, minor and sub- categories of foods(e. g. ‘bread and bakery’, ‘bread’ and ‘white bread’, respectively) to quantify emissions saved by switching both within and between groups. Making switches within the same sub- categories of foods could lead to emission reductions of 26% in Australia, equivalent to taking over 1.9 million cars off the road. Switches within minor categories of foods could lead to even bigger emission reductions of 71%. The results of the study show the potential to significantly reduce our environmental impact by switching like- for- like products. “It showed that you can switch to lower emissions products while still enjoying nutritious foods,” Dr Gaines added. A free app, called ecoSwitch, has been developed currently available in Australia, based on this research. Shoppers can use their device to scan a product barcode and check its ‘Planetary Health Rating’, a measure of its emissions shown as a score between half a star(high emissions) to five stars (low emissions). “While ecoSwitch is a much- needed first step in providing environmental transparency (透明度) for grocery shoppers, the vision is for compulsive display of a single, standardised sustainability rating system on all supermarket products,” concluded prof Neal, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology at Imperial College London. 1．What does the author want to show by listing numbers in paragraph 1? A．The impact of food industry. B．The need of changing daily diet. C．The status of environmental problems. D．The influencing factors of gas emissions. 2．Why do researchers make a detailed classification for products? A．To set up a comprehensive database. B．To figure out the detailed food categories. C．To identify emissions reduced by switching food. D．To ensure less air pollution caused by food options. 3．What do we know about ecoSwitch? A．It is popular in high- income countries. B．It checks the emissions of star products. C．It is a measurement system for a supermarket. D．It ensures wiser choices for food purchase. 4．What does the text mainly talk about? A．EcoSwitch makes customers aware of food risk. B．Food swaps contribute to environmental sustainability. C．Environmental problems account for less food nutrition. D．Greenhouse gas emissions have an effect on food safety. Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·山西省吕梁市·期中） On February 13, 2023, Wu Yibing made history, beating John Isner in a thrilling three-set final at the Dallas Open to become the first man from China to win an ATP (Association of Tennis Professionals) title. Brought to a tennis court for the first time at just five, initially encouraged by his parents as an exercise to lose weight, Wu soon had his talent discovered by his provincial junior team, kicking off a journey that would change the face of men’s tennis in China. In 2017, Wu Yibing shot to prominence after winning the US Open boys’ tournament at 18 to become the first Chinese to win a major junior title, raising high hopes for the “Wonder Boy” to change the fortune of Chinese men in a sport long dominated by women’s success on the pro stage. In 2018, Wu won his first ATP Challenger title in Shanghai. However, the brutally competitive nature of men’s pro tennis hit the rising Wu with a tough reminder after multiple injuries—to his elbow, lower back, shoulder and wrist — forced him to be away from the ATP Tour for close to three years. He made his return last year and won three ATP Challenger titles before qualifying for the US Open. “Looking back, I feel like I wouldn’t have been here if not for the ups and downs over the past few years. I take all the setbacks and struggles as an asset that helps me mature mentally now.” said Wu. “Of course there were a lot of doubts because I had surgery and the recovery wasn’t going well The championship today was a payoff for all the hard work and everyone who’s supported me along the way.” 1．What do the underlined words “shot to prominence” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Lost weight. B．Discovered talent. C．Became famous. D．Felt uncertain. 2．Why was Wu absent from the ATP Tour for nearly three years? A．Because he feared possible failures. B．Because he refused fierce competitions. C．Because he wanted to change his carcer. D．Because he suffered from serious physical injuries. 3．What can we learn from Wu Yibing’s statement? A．No cross, no crown. B．Well begun is half done. C．Easy come, easy go. D．Time waits for no man. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．The Development of Chinese Tennis. B．The Power of Difficulties for Athletes. C．The Pioneer of Chinese Tennis Sport. D．The First Chinese Male Winner of ATP Title. Passage 3 （24-25学年高二上·山西省太原市·期中） Every week in China, millions of people will sit in front of their TVs watching teenagers compete for the title Character Hero, which is a Chinese-style spelling bee. In this challenge, young competitors must write Chinese characters by hand. To prepare for the competition, the competitors usually spend months studying dictionaries. Perhaps the show’s popularity should not be a surprise. Along with gunpowder and paper, many Chinese people consider the creation of Chinese calligraphy(书法) to be one of their primary contributions to civilization. Unfortunately, all over the country, Chinese people are forgetting how to write their own language without computerized help. Software on smart phones and computers allows users to type in the basic sound of the word using the Latin alphabet. The correct character is chosen from a list. The result? It’s possible to recognize characters without remembering how to write them. But there’s still hope for the paint brush. China’s Education Ministry wants children to spend more time learning how to write. In one Beijing primary school we visited, students practice calligraphy every day inside a specially decorated classroom with traditional Chinese paintings hanging on the walls. Soft music plays as a group of six-year-olds dip brush pens into black ink. They look up at the blackboard often to study their teacher’s examples before carefully attempting to reproduce those characters on thin rice paper. “If adults can survive without using handwriting, why bother to teach it now?” we ask the calligraphy teacher, Shen Bin. “The ability to write characters is part of Chinese tradition and culture,” she reasons. “Students must learn now so they don’t forget when they grow up.” says the teacher. 1．What can we learn about the Character Hero? A．It’s open to people of all ages and all walks. B．It’s the most-viewed TV programs in China. C．It aims to spread Chinese culture to the world. D．It draws great public attention across the country. 2．Why are Chinese people forgetting how to write the characters? A．Chinese people don’t refer to dictionaries very often. B．Chinese people no longer use brush pens or practice calligraphy. C．Chinese people are using the Latin alphabet instead of the characters. D．Chinese people needn’t write by hand as often with the help of technology. 3．.According to Shen Bin, being able to write characters by hand is_________. A．necessary for adults to survive in China B．a requirement made by the Education Ministry C．helpful to keep Chinese tradition and culture alive D．an ability to be developed only when you are students 4．Where does this text probably come from? A．A news report. B．A science report. C．An advertisement. D．Children’s literature. Passage 4 （24-25高二上·陕西省咸阳市·期中） When students and parents are asked to rate subjects according to their importance, the arts are unavoidably at the bottom of the list. Music is nice, people seem to say, but not important. Too often it is viewed as me re entertainment (娱乐), but certainly not an education priority (优先). This view is shortsighted. In fact, music education is beneficial and important for all students. Music tells us who we are. Because music is an expression of the beings who create it, it reflects their thinking and values, as well as the social environment it came from. Rock music represents a lifestyle just as surely as a Schubert song. The jazz influence that George Gershwin and other musicians introduced into their music is obviously American because it came from American musical traditions. Music expresses our character and values. It gives us identity as a society. Music provides a kind of perception (感知) that cannot be acquired in any other way. Science can explain how the sun rises and sets. The arts explore the emotional meaning of the same phenomenon. We need every possible way to discover and respond to our world for one simple but powerful reason: No one way can get it all. The arts are forms of thought as powerful in what they communicate as mathematical and scientific symbols. They are ways we human beings “talk” to each other. They are the language of civilization through which we express our fears, our curiosities, our hungers, our discoveries, and our hopes. The arts are ways we give form to our ideas and imagination so that they can be shared with others. When we do not give children access to an important way of expressing themselves such as music, we take away from them the meanings that music expresses. Science and technology do not tell us what it means to be human. The arts do. Music is an important way we express human suffering, celebration, the meaning and value of peace and love. So music education is far more necessary than people seem to realize. 1．What is the function of the first paragraph? A．To share a student’s experience. B．To lead into the topic. C．To describe a new study. D．To introduce some ways of entertainment. 2．In Paragraph 2, the author uses jazz as an example to ______. A．compare it with rock music B．introduce American musical traditions C．show music reflects a society D．prove music is as useful as other subjects 3．What do we know about the arts and science according to the passage? A．They explain what it means to be human differently. B．They explore different phenomena of the world. C．They express people’s feelings in different ways. D．They approach the world from different points of view. 4．What is the author’s attitude to the influence of music education on students? A．Unknown. B．Positive. C．Negative. D．Doubtful. 主题02 人与自我——自我丰富 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·陕西省西安市·期中） If someone asked whether you like the arts, you’d probably say you do at least in theory. According to a survey, more than two-thirds of U.S. adults say the arts “lift me up beyond everyday experiences”. However, only 30 percent attended a concert of any type in 2017; 23 percent went to an art museum. Fewer than half actively created art of any kind. The mismatch can boil down to the fact that we are weighed down by our day-to-day responsibilities, leaving our schedule packed. Maybe you like to play a little background music while you work or do the chores, but even before the pandemic, most of us rarely, if ever, saw a live performance, let alone visited a gallery or watched a play. Too often, we let the dull reality of life get in the way of the arts. But this is a mistake. The arts are the opposite of an escape from reality; they might just be the most realistic glimpse we ever get into the nature and meaning of life. If you make time for consuming and producing the arts the same way you make time for work and exercise and family commitments, I assure you that you’ll find your life getting fuller and happier. Think of a time when you heard a piece of music and wanted to cry. Or maybe your dizziness struck as you emerged from a narrow side street in an unfamiliar city. There you found yourself in a beautiful town square as if in a fantasy. They probably stimulated a sudden awakening, much like the shock from a lungful of pure oxygen after breathing in smoggy air. If you are among the people who feel that the arts are pure pleasures to experience and participate in, you might see them as a luxury item, while a preferable attitude is to treat the arts less like a distracting pleasure, and more like exercise or sleep, a necessity. Then draw up a schedule of your art exposure journey, and gradually weave the arts into your everyday life. 1．What prevents people from enjoying the arts according to the text? A．Lack of interest. B．Avoidance of duty. C．Shortage of time. D．Art space inaccessibility. 2．What can we learn about the role of the arts according to the text? A．They explore mysteries of life. B．They spark emotional responses. C．They enhance physical well-being. D．They offer a getaway from daily life. 3．What will probably be talked about in the following paragraph? A．Barriers to combine the arts and life. B．Benefits of engaging with the arts. C．Forms of distracting pleasures. D．Ways to integrate the arts into daily routine. 4．Which is the most suitable title for the text? A．The Arts Journey: Refreshing Soul B．The Arts Pursuit: Transforming Dull into Full C．Embracing the Arts: From Luxury to Necessity D．Connecting with the Arts: From Reality to Fantasy Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·山西省·期中） No pain, no gain, as the old exercise saying goes. But how much pain do you have to bear to benefit from training? That depends on what you’re trying to achieve, fitness experts say. For years, some trainers have instructed gym-goers that to get the best results, they need to train until failure, meaning until they cannot physically do one more repetition or exercise. Some recent studies, however, suggest this extreme rule may only benefit certain people. “If somebody wants to increase muscle (肌肉) mass as much as they possibly can, then training to failure is something to consider.” said Michael Zourdos, chair of exercise science and health promotion at Florida Atlantic University. Zourdos and his colleagues found that training until failure may build bigger muscles, but isn’t needed to increase strength. He said people who work out hard, but don’t push themselves to the state of being totally tired out, will still likely improve their health and fitness. “There is a difference between training for health and training for excellent performance,” he said. He also said failure training often comes at a cost, since people working to that standard might be so tired that they have no energy to join their next gym training or two. In extremely rare instances, overdoing it can be harmful, leading to a potentially fatal condition called rhabdomyolysis, where damaged muscles begin to break down, possibly causing kidney (肾脏) damage. James Fisher, a sports science expert and consultant in Southampton, England, said whatever your fitness goal was, the concept of failure training could be applied into your workout. But people should then rest the muscle group they trained for roughly two days, he said. For people who have more experience, experts recommend saving the failure training for occasional workouts, or on the last set of exercises in their training. “It’s not meant to be for every person, every time they work out,” Fisher said. “This is a tough way to exercise.” 1．What is the function of the saying in the first paragraph? A．To give examples. B．To lead in the topic. C．To make comparisons. D．To provide an argument. 2．What does the author want to show by mentioning rhabdomyolysis? A．The harm of failure training. B．The benefit of eating healthily. C．The importance of bigger muscles. D．The necessity of training in a gym. 3．What did James Fisher advise people to do after they train to failure? A．Try lifting weights at once. B．Have their kidney checked. C．Look for an excellent trainer. D．Rest for about two days. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．How Hard Should You Train? B．How Often Should You Do Exercise? C．How Can You Improve Your Health? D．How Do You Lose Weight in a Healthy Way? Passage 3 （24-25学年高二上·山西省阳泉市·期中） With the development of our society, cellphones have become a common part in our lives. Have you ever run into a careless cellphone user in the street? Maybe they were busy talking, texting or checking updates on WeChat without looking at what was going on around them. As the number of this new "species" of human has kept rising, they have been given a new name—phubbers (低头族). Recently a cartoon created by students from China Central Academy of Fine Arts put this group of people under the spotlight. In the short film, phubbers with various social identities bury themselves in their phones. A doctor plays with his cellphone while letting his patient die. A pretty woman takes a selfie (自拍) in front of a car accident site. And a father loses his child without knowing about it while using his mobile phone. A chain of similar events will finally lead to the destruction(毁灭) of the world. Although the ending of the film sounds unrealistic, the damage phubbing can bring is real. Your health is the first to bear the effect and the result of it. "Always bending your head to check your cellphone could damage your neck," Guangming Daily quoted doctors' words. "The neck is like a rope that breaks after long-term stretching." Also, staring at cellphones for a long time will damage your eyesight gradually, according to the report. But that's not all. Being a phubber could also damage your social skills and drive you away from your friends and family. When getting together with family or friends, many people prefer to play their cellphones while others are chatting happily with each other and this creates a strange atmosphere, Qilu Evening News reported. It can also cost your life. There have been lots of reports on phubbers who fell to their death, suffered accidents, and were robbed of their cellphones in broad daylight. 1．Why does the author give the example of a cartoon in Paragraph 2? A．To suggest phubbers will destroy the world. B．To call for people to go walking without phones. C．To tell people the bad effects of phubbing. D．To advise students to create more cartoons like this. 2．According to the passage, what risks may a phubber have? ① Destructing the world. ② Affecting his social skills. ③ Damaging his neck and eyesight. ④ Getting separated from his friends and family. A．①②④ B．②③④ C．①③④ D．①②③④ 3．What's the author's attitude towards phubbing? A．Supportive. B．Confident. C．Disapproving. D．Unconcerned. 4．What will be talked about in the following paragraph? A．Ways to avoid the risks of phubbing. B．Bad effects of phubbing. C．Daily life of phubbers. D．Behaviours of phubbers. Passage 4 （24-25高二上·陕西省·期中） From now on, never spend your precious time thinking of reasons for your failures and shortcomings. Instead, realize that the seeds of success were planted within you when you were born. Only you have the power to make those seeds grow. The seeds, and the power to grow them, are contained in the most awesome machine ever created: the human mind. Success is a choice and not a chance. You were born a winner. You were born rich. You can be a success if only you make the right choice. You cannot be successful without first developing your self-respect. Your level of self-respect is always based on the degree of control that you are able to exercise over yourself, and thus over your life. People with low self-respect are people who do not believe that they have any power, or responsibility for their lives. They are the long-term victims. They are leaves tossed (摇摆) by the winds of chance, blown about with any sudden change in the weather. You can exercise control over your life only to the degree that you believe that you are responsible for everything that happens in your life. Failures think that everything happens by accident and chance. Successful people realize that they are responsible. Everything happens as a result of something. If we can identify the cause, we can control the effect. We are responsible for what we choose to think and believe. One generally rises to the level that one expects. We are responsible for setting our expectations. Our success is dependent upon our level of confidence. If you associate with positive-thinking people, you are definitely going to achieve success. On the contrary, the opposite happens. We are responsible for finding, planting, and nursing the seeds that contain future victory, born from setbacks. In short, in all areas of your life, whether they are financial, physical, emotional, or spiritual, you are responsible. Once you recognize this, accept it, and firmly believe it, you are on the road to success. 1．Why are people with low self-respect compared to leaves? A．They are ready to change their minds. B．They are easily affected by windy weather. C．They don’t have the power to face their fate. D．They can’t exercise control over themselves. 2．What can be concluded from paragraph 5? A．Whether we will succeed depends on our attitudes. B．One’s expectation is the key to future success. C．Thoughts and beliefs are the result of creative mind. D．Setting our expectations is essential before taking action. 3．What’s the function of the last paragraph? A．The proof of the author’s points. B．The conclusion of the argument. C．An introduction to another topic. D．A comparison between two views. 4．Which is the best title for the text? A．The secrets of success B．Develop our confidence C．Success is a choice D．How to achieve success 主题03 人与自然——环境保护 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·山西省·期中） The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has announced the first-ever limits on PFAS, also known as forever chemicals, in drinking water. The agency says that the new rule will protect 100 million Americans from six PFAS known to cause a host of health problems. “I support the decision,” says Susan M. Pinney, director of the Center for Environmental Genetics at the University of Cincinnati. “It’s in line with what we know about the health effects of PFAS.” But while public health experts approve of the new rule, they think that getting forever chemicals out of our drinking water will be a demanding task given the great quantity of PFAS found in it along with the difficulty in removing them. And it may come at a cost to consumers. The downside of the new rule is the cost of employing the technology to fix the problem. The EPA guesses that between 6 and 10 percent of the nation’s 66,000 public drinking water systems may have to make changes to their infrastructure (基础设施) in order to follow the new rule. Eleven states already limit PFAS levels but many will still have to make operational changes if their levels are above the national limit. The first task, Pinney says, should be determining the source of pollution to prevent it from entering the water system — which is cheaper and easier than removing pollution that’s already there. The EPA estimates the annual cost at about $1.5 billion but Chris Moody, from the American Water Works Association (AWWA), thinks it’s been vastly underestimated. In a report last year, AWWA estimated the implementation (执行) budget at close to $3.8 billion. What will that mean for the water bill? Moody says the cost burden depends on the size of your local water treatment facility. “Small systems just don’t have the economy of scale (规模经济) so the cost is much higher per household,” he says. While the EPA has only put strict limits on six PFAS based on a lot of scientific evidence, thousands more are still in the environment. The hope is that once new infrastructure is in place it will also remove many of those chemicals that haven’t yet been banned. 1．What is the primary goal of the EPA’s new rule? A．To protect public health by reducing exposure to PFAS. B．To identify health problems caused by PFAS. C．To monitor PFAS levels in drinking water. D．To limit PFAS use in industry. 2．What should be the first step in addressing PFAS in drinking water according to Susan M. Pinney? A．Establishing national standards for PFAS levels. B．Making operational changes to water facilities. C．Counting PFAS-polluted water systems. D．Identifying the origin of pollution. 3．What is the water bill closely related to according to Chris Moody? A．The AWWA’s level of support. B．The accuracy of the EPA’s estimates. C．The size of the local water treatment systems. D．The local economic performance over the past year. 4．What does the EPA expect of the new infrastructure? A．It’ll put stricter limits on the six known PFAS. B．It’ll remove many PFAS chemicals still allowed. C．It’ll be more environmentally friendly. D．It’ll be put into use as soon as possible. 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题04 阅读理解 议论文+新闻报道 主题01 人与社会—— 科学与生活 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·青海省西宁市·期中） We sometimes think that everything was much better and easier in the past. It’s one of the tricks our minds play on us, especially when we arc in low spirits. Actually, it’s unlikely that things were objectively better in the past. This form of thinking is called rosy retrospection,which is a well-studied cognitive bias. It happens because when we think about the past, we are more likely to focus on positive generalities than annoying details. If you think back to a holiday with your family five years ago, you’re likely to recall the beautiful views rather than the uncomfortable bed. In other words,the negative details disappear from our memory over time while the positive ones remain. Rosy retrospection can influence how we make decisions, and it’s one of the reasons why we easily return into problematic relationships. The longer it is since we experienced the negative influence of a relationship, the more likely we are to let the good memories outweigh the bad memories and to perhaps forgive unforgivable behavior. It’s always a good idea to review our nostalgic (怀旧的) feelings with a healthy degree of doubt. But rosy retrospection does serve an important purpose. It keeps us in a positive state of mind in the present and is important to our psychological wellbeing. In fact, people who tend to remember negative experiences more than positive ones are likely to exhibit psychological disorders. Research generally suggests that our happiest days are still to come. And even if they’re not, it’s still important to believe that they are. Don’t shy away from looking upon the past with a certain degree of nostalgia. But, for the same reason, don’t use the past as an excuse to be unhappy in the present. 1．What does the underlined phrase “rosy retrospection” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Having a preference for good memories. B．Remembering exactly about the details. C．Concentrating on impossible things. D．Thinking objectively about the past: 2．Which of the following is encouraged by the author according to Paragraph 4? A．Reviewing the nostalgic feelings critically. B．Ignoring the nostalgic feelings absolutely. C．Forgiving the unacceptable behavior generously. D．Getting back to the problematic relationships bravely. 3．What’s the main idea of the last paragraph? A．The good excuse for present unhappiness. B．The accuracy of remembering past details. C．The importance of maintaining a positive mindset. D．The negative impact of recalling past experiences. 4．What is the author’s attitude toward rosy retrospection according to the passage? A．Negative. B．Cautious. C．Favorable. D．Objective. 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了人们对过去的美好回忆（玫瑰色回忆）现象，指出其影响决策和心理健康，但提醒要以健康态度回顾过去，不应影响现在的幸福。 1．词句猜测题。根据文章划线短语下文“It happens because when we think about the past, we are more likely to focus on positive generalities than annoying details.(之所以会发生这种情况，是因为当我们回想过去时，我们更倾向于关注积极的概况，而不是恼人的细节。)”可知，划线短语指的是“当我们回忆过去时，我们更可能关注积极的总体情况，而不是令人烦恼的细节。”选项A“Having a preference for good memories.(偏好美好记忆)”意义一致。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“It’s always a good idea to review our nostalgic（怀旧的）feelings with a healthy degree of doubt.(带着健康程度的怀疑来回顾我们的怀旧情绪总是一个好主意。)”可知，作者建议我们应该以一种健康的怀疑态度来审视我们的怀旧情感。故选A。 3．主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“It keeps us in a positive state of mind in the present and is important to our psychological wellbeing. In fact, people who tend to remember negative experiences more than positive ones are likely to exhibit psychological disorders. Research generally suggests that our happiest days are still to come. And even if they’re not, it’s still important to believe that they are. Don’t shy away from looking upon the past with a certain degree of nostalgia. But, for the same reason, don’t use the past as an excuse to be unhappy in the present.(它让我们保持积极的心态，对我们的心理健康很重要。事实上，那些更倾向于记住消极经历而不是积极经历的人很可能表现出心理障碍。研究普遍表明，我们最幸福的日子还未到来。即使它们不是，重要的是要相信它们是。不要羞于带着某种程度的怀旧去回顾过去。但是，出于同样的原因，不要把过去作为现在不开心的借口。)”可知，最后一段讨论了“玫瑰色回忆”在保持当前积极心态和心理健康方面的重要性。它指出“它让我们保持当前的积极心态，对我们的心理健康很重要。”这表明该段落的主要思想是保持积极心态的重要性。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Rosy retrospection can influence how we make decisions, and it’s one of the reasons why we easily return into problematic relationships. The longer it is since we experienced the negative influence of a relationship, the more likely we are to let the good memories outweigh the bad memories and to perhaps forgive unforgivable behavior. It’s always a good idea to review our nostalgic（怀旧的）feelings with a healthy degree of doubt.(美好的回忆会影响我们做决定的方式，这也是为什么我们很容易回到问题关系中的原因之一。我们经历一段关系的负面影响的时间越长，我们就越有可能让美好的记忆超过糟糕的记忆，也许会原谅不可原谅的行为。带着健康程度的怀疑来回顾我们的怀旧情绪(总是一个好主意。)”以及最后一段“It keeps us in a positive state of mind in the present and is important to our psychological wellbeing.(它让我们保持积极的心态，对我们的心理健康很重要。)”可知，作者认可美好回忆有助于维持当前的积极心态和对心理健康有益，但是作者也提醒读者要注意其潜在的风险。由此可知，作者对美好回忆抱有客观的态度。故选D。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·山西省太原市·期中） A team of students in the Netherlands has designed and built a tough car that’s completely powered by the sun. The car, called Stella Terra, is the first solar-powered car that can travel off-road for long distances without needing a recharging station. Students at Eindhoven University of Technology in the Netherlands have been working on solar-powered cars for years. In order to create a car that could deal with the kind of tough driving, the students had to design the entire car, from top to bottom. On top, of course, were the solar panels (电池板) . Most solar panels are only about 20% efficient. That means they waste about 80% of the sunlight they get. But the Stella Terra’s solar panels are 97% efficient. They waste far less sunlight than even the best solar panels you can buy. Stella Terra can carry two people, and has a top speed of 90 mph. The car weighs just 2, 600 pounds. That’s about two-thirds the weight of a typical car. On the bottom, the team designed a suspension (悬架) system to help the car deal with the bumps (颠簸) and heavy shaking that come when driving over bumpy surfaces. The team recently took the car on its biggest test— a challenging 620-mile (1, 000-kilometer) test drive across Morocco. The car had to travel through forests as well as dry riverbeds. It had to drive across desert sand and up mountain roads. The car succeeded in doing all of this— and all without ever stopping at a charging station. The team is very proud of their car, but they won’t be upset if car companies start to copy their ideas. In fact, they hope that the Stella Terra will help inspire car companies to work on similar projects. But despite their success, the students think it will take five to ten years before car companies are able to build a similar car. “We are pushing the technology forward,” said Wisse Bos, the team's manager. 1．What do we know about Stella Terra? A．It is a self-driving car. B．It has high energy efficiency. C．It is the first solar-powered car. D．It is not allowed to run on the road. 2．What effect does the suspension system have on the car? A．It increases the car’s speed. B．It reduces the car’s weight. C．It makes the car run smoothly. D．It improves the car’s energy efficiency. 3．How do the students respond to car companies’ copying their ideas? A．They are worried about it. B．They are protective of their design. C．They are planning to re-evaluate their design. D．They are happy to see car companies adopt their ideas. 4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．Solar-Powered Cars Have a Long History B．Students Create a Tough Solar-Powered Car C．Solar-Powered Cars Are the Future of Transportation D．Efficient Solar-Powered Cars Have Reached Customers 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了荷兰的一组学生设计并制造了第一辆完全由太阳能驱动的越野汽车。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“But the Stella Terra’s solar panels are 97% efficient. They waste far less sunlight than even the best solar panels you can buy. (但是Stella Terra的太阳能电池板的效率是97%。它们比你能买到的最好的太阳能电池板浪费的阳光要少得多)”可知，Stella Terra具有很高的效能。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“On the bottom, the team designed a suspension (悬架) system to help the car deal with the bumps (颠簸) and heavy shaking that come when driving over bumpy surfaces. (在底部，该团队设计了一个悬架系统，以帮助汽车应对在崎岖路面上行驶时产生的颠簸和剧烈抖动)”可知，悬挂系统能够使汽车运行平稳。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“The team is very proud of their car, but they won’t be upset if car companies start to copy their ideas. In fact, they hope that the Stella Terra will help inspire car companies to work on similar projects. (这个团队为他们的汽车感到骄傲，但如果汽车公司开始复制他们的想法，他们不会感到沮丧。事实上，他们希望Stella Terra将有助于激励汽车公司进行类似的项目)”可知，他们乐于看到汽车公司采纳他们的想法。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了荷兰的一组学生设计并制造了第一辆完全由太阳能驱动的越野汽车。根据文章第一段“A team of students in the Netherlands has designed and built a tough car that’s completely powered by the sun. The car, called Stella Terra, is the first solar-powered car that can travel off-road for long distances without needing a recharging station. (荷兰的一组学生设计并制造了一辆完全由太阳能驱动的坚固汽车。这款名为Stella Terra的汽车是第一款可以在不需要充电站的情况下进行长距离越野行驶的太阳能汽车)”可知，这篇文章最好的标题是B项“学生们创造了一辆坚固的太阳能汽车”。故选B。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高二上·甘肃省天水市·期中） For the first time, a donated heart has been flown 12 hours and 6,750 kilometers across the Atlantic Ocean and successfully transplanted (移植) into its recipient. It was transported via a commercial airline to Paris, France, marking the first time a donated heart has flown across the Atlantic. At the Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital in Paris, surgeon Guillaume Lebreton successfully transplanted the heart into a 70-year-old man with a heart condition. Lebreton called the success “an achievement previously unimaginable in organ transplantation”. It was achieved as part of a pilot study known as PEGASE, which aims to establish whether successful transplant is possible after the heart has been preserved for long periods of time — specifically, on journeys from Martinique and Guadeloupe in the Caribbean. The heart was preserved using a special technique where a heart is kept cold. While there have been clinical trials exploring such a technique, according to the surgeon, this is the first time it’s been tested for such extreme transport times. If the results seen on this occasion are successfully used in the rest of the study, it’s hoped that the technique could have “the potential to redefine the landscape of heart transplantation with unlimited geographical procurement (获取) and lowered time limits”. At present, transplanting hearts is often a race against time — they generally need to be transplanted within four hours of being removed from a donor. Increasing the geographical resources of potential donors could also have an impact on transplant list waiting times. In the US, for example, there are around 3,000 people on the waiting list for a heart on any given day, but only 2,000 hearts are available each year. Depending on qualification criteria, some people may be waiting for years; being able to get hearts from a wider range of places could cut down that time. “We wanted to make this operation reproduceable and keep transport costs bearable,” Lebreton wrote. Unlike conventional donor-heart transport practices involving expensive private planes, we flew in the economy class in a commercial airliner.” 1．What can we know about PEGASE? A．It focuses on heart transplantation. B．It was launched by Lebreton. C．It ignores treatment for heart disease. D．It has proved unsuccessful. 2．What is the main problem with heart transplantation now? A．The chance of success is very low. B．Transplantation time is limited C．There are no qualified donors. D．The surgeons are inexperienced. 3．Why are the figures mentioned in paragraph 4? A．To emphasize the rome of hearts. B．To prove the qualification of potential donors. C．To say the impact of a transplant. D．To show the need for wider sources of donors. 4．What’s Lebreton’s attitude to using commercial airhners to transport donated hearts? A．Approving. B．Doubtful. C．Unclear. D．Indifferent. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了首次通过商业航班跨大西洋运送捐赠心脏并成功移植的医学突破。 1．细节理解题。由文章第二段中“ It was achieved as part of a pilot study known as PEGASE, which aims to establish whether successful transplant is possible after the heart has been preserved for long periods of time — specifically, on journeys from Martinique and Guadeloupe in the Caribbean.(这是一项名为PEGASE的试点研究的一部分，该研究旨在确定心脏在长期保存后是否有可能成功移植——特别是从加勒比海的马提尼克岛和瓜德罗普岛运送。)”可知，PEGASE项目的重点是心脏移植。故选A。 2．细节理解题。由文章第三段中“At present, transplanting hearts is often a race against time — they generally need to be transplanted within four hours of being removed from a donor.(目前，移植心脏往往是与时间赛跑——通常需要在从捐赠者身上取出心脏后4小时内进行移植。)”可知，目前心脏移植的主要问题是移植时间有限。故选B。 3．推理判断题。由文章第四段中“In the US, for example, there are around 3,000 people on the waiting list for a heart on any given day, but only 2,000 hearts are available each year.(例如，在美国，每天都有大约3000人在等待心脏移植，但每年只有2000个心脏可用。)”可知，提到这些数字是为了说明需要更广泛的捐赠者来源。故选D。 4．推理判断题。由文章最后一段““We wanted to make this operation reproduceable and keep transport costs bearable,” Lebreton wrote. Unlike conventional donor-heart transport practices involving expensive private planes, we flew in the economy lass in a commercial airliner.”(Lebreton写道:“我们想让这个操作可复制，并保持运输成本可承受。”与传统的昂贵的私人飞机运送捐赠心脏的做法不同，我们乘坐的是一架商业客机的经济舱。”)”可知，Lebreton对使用商业航班运输捐赠心脏持赞成态度。故选A。 Passage 4 （24-25学年高二上·陕西省西安市·期中） Imagine a customer-service center that speaks your language, no matter what it is. Alorica, a company in Irvine, California, which runs customer-service centers around the world, has introduced an artificial intelligence (AI) translation tool that lets its workers talk with customers who speak 200 different languages and 75 dialects. So an Alorica worker who speaks, say, only Spanish can deal with a complaint about an incorrect bank statement from a Cantonese speaker in Hong Kong. And it wouldn’t need to hire an employee who speaks Cantonese. However, Alorica isn’t cutting jobs. It will increasingly hire those who are comfortable with new technology. Potentially, the threat: Perhaps companies won’t need as many employees — and will cut some jobs — if chatbots can handle the workload instead. Consider Suumit Shah, an Indian businessman who caused an uproar last year by saying that he had replaced 90% of his customer support staff with a chatbot named Lina. The move at Shah’s company, Dukaan, which helps customers set up e-commerce sites, reduced the response time to an inquiry from 1 minute, 44 seconds to “instant”. It also cut the typical time needed to solve problems from more than two hours to just over three minutes. Similarly, researchers at Harvard Business School found in a study last year that job postings for writers, coders and artists decreased greatly within eight months of the arrival of ChatGPT. But being exposed to AI doesn’t necessarily mean losing your job to it. The Swedish furniture retailer IKEA, for example, introduced a customer-service chatbot in 2021 to handle simple inquiries. Instead of cutting jobs, IKEA retrained 8,500 customer-service workers to handle such tasks as advising customers on interior design and fielding complex customer calls. The experience at Alorica and IKEA suggests that AI may not prove to be the job killer that many people fear. Instead, the technology might turn out to be more like breakthroughs of the past—the steam engine, electricity and the Internet, which get rid of some jobs while creating others and probably make workers more productive in general to the eventual benefit of workers themselves, their employers and the economy. 1．What does the author want to tell us by the example in paragraph 1? A．The power of AI. B．The threat from humans. C．The customer requirements. D．The tips on language learning. 2．What advantage does Lina have over other staff? A．Winning the trust of customers. B．Responding to customers faster. C．Selling more products to customers. D．Having a great relationship with Shah. 3．What were IKEA’s customer-service workers asked to do in 2021? A．Take on other duties. B．Leave their company. C．Move to HongKong. D．Develop latest chatbots. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．How Will AI Change Our Lives? B．How Should We Use AI Effectively? C．Will AI Take Away Many Human Jobs? D．What Is the Future of Traditional Companies? 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．A 4．C 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要通过实例介绍了人工智能可能不会抢走人类的很多工作。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段关键句“Alorica, a company in Irvine, California, which runs customer-service centers around the world, has introduced an artificial intelligence (AI) translation tool that lets its workers talk with customers who speak 200 different languages and 75 dialects. (Alorica是一家位于加利福尼亚州尔湾的公司，在世界各地设有客户服务中心，该公司推出了一种人工智能（AI）翻译工具，可以让员工与说200种不同语言和75种方言的客户交谈)”可知，这种人工智能翻译工具有强大的力量，可以让员工与说200种不同语言和75种方言的客户交谈，并列举了下文与香港客户交谈的例子。由此推知，作者想通过第一段中的例子告诉我们人工智能的力量。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段关键句“Consider Suumit Shah, an Indian businessman who caused an uproar last year by saying that he had replaced 90% of his customer support staff with a chatbot named Lina. The move at Shah’s company, Dukaan, which helps customers set up e-commerce sites, reduced the response time to an inquiry from 1 minute, 44 seconds to “instant”. (以印度商人苏米特·沙阿为例，他去年表示，他已经用一个名为Lina的聊天机器人取代了90%的客户支持人员，这引起了轩然大波。沙阿的公司Dukaan帮助客户建立电子商务网站，此举将查询的响应时间从1分44秒缩短到“即时”)”可知，名为Lina的聊天机器人将查询的响应时间从1分44秒缩短到“即时”。由此可知，Lina比其他员工有的优势是能够更快地回应客户。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段关键句“Instead of cutting jobs, IKEA retrained 8,500 customer-service workers to handle such tasks as advising customers on interior design and fielding complex customer calls. (宜家没有裁员，而是对8500名客户服务人员进行了再培训，以处理室内设计咨询和接听复杂客户电话等任务)”可知，宜家要求原来的客户服务人员处理室内设计咨询和接听复杂客户电话等任务。由此可知，2021年，宜家的客服人员被要求承担其他职责。故选A项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合最后一段关键句“The experience at Alorica and IKEA suggests that AI may not prove to be the job killer that many people fear. (Alorica和宜家的经验表明，人工智能可能不会成为许多人担心的就业杀手)”可知，文章通过不同公司的例子告诉我们，人工智能不会成为人类的就业杀手。由此可知，“Will AI Take Away Many Human Jobs?(人工智能会夺走许多人类工作吗？)”能够概括文章主题。故选C项。 主题02 人与自我—— 社会生活 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·山西省太原市·期中） Happiness isn’t earned; it’s noticed. You can put a lot of energy into getting to a position where happiness is easier to notice. But if you are not excited about an achievement, you know that happiness isn’t automatic (自动的). Instead, you need to practice noticing happiness around you. It’s actually a rather common emotion; we just usually ignore most of the sources for it because they are not important. Every rock around you has a story, a structure, and a texture (纹理). Pick up a rock and look at it until you find something you like. Then drop it, catch another, and do it again. With just a little practice, you’ll build an entire little system in your own head for admiring rocks, and pretty soon you can get a little bit of happiness just looking at a rock. That includes everything. Flowers, trees, wind, clouds, cars, rain, rural diners, children’s sports matches, library bathrooms, parking lots, everything. The world has an endless supply of detail, and there’s no good reason not to learn to enjoy that. When you do this, you get this kind of superpower where you can find small joy in any situation. The only reason why most of us don’t learn to practice this skill is that we were told it’s a waste of time by people who never figured it out. With a lot of practice, it can even help you out during times of intense sadness, fear or pain. When you experience a negative (消极的) emotion, it’s a very powerful skill to be able to say “Wow, how interesting that a person can hurt like this! What a world!” It doesn’t make the bad feelings go away, it doesn’t fix whatever problem that caused them, but even in the depths of hopelessness you can shine a little light. 1．What do we learn about happiness from paragraph 1? A．It is difficult to get. B．It lies in everyone’s life. C．It requires discovering. D．It is a mixed emotion. 2．What’s the author’s purpose in mentioning the rock? A．To tell the stories behind it. B．To connect it with many other things. C．To prove the value of every rock. D．To show a way to notice happiness. 3．Why do many people fail to notice happiness? A．They run after real joy in life. B．They want to cover everything. C．They are misled by negative people. D．They pay too much attention to detail. 4．How can admiring happiness benefit us? A．It drives our bad feelings away. B．It brightens us in a positive light. C．It helps solve difficult problems in life. D．It keeps our mind open to everything. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．C 4．B 【导语】这是一篇议论文。本文作者告诉我们：幸福是要靠我们自己去发现的，要主动去注意和发现它；并且我们要练习发现幸福的能力，这样我们才能从中受益。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Instead, you need to practice noticing happiness around you.(相反，你需要练习注意你周围的幸福)”可知，幸福是需要被注意和被发现的。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段“Every rock around you has a story, a structure, and a texture (纹理). Pick up a rock and look at it until you find something you like. Then drop it, catch another, and do it again. With just a little practice, you’ll build an entire little system in your own head for admiring rocks, and pretty soon you can get a little bit of happiness just looking at a rock.(你周围的每一块岩石都有一个故事，一个结构和一个纹理。拿起一块石头，看着它，直到找到你喜欢的东西。然后放下它，抓住另一个，再做一次。只要稍加练习，你就会在自己的头脑中建立起一个欣赏石头的小系统，很快你就能在看着石头的时候获得一点点快乐)”可知，本段举例说明每一块石头都有亮点，要学会去发现每一块石头给你带来的幸福，目的就是引入文章的主题：我们要去主动发现生活里的小幸福。因此，作者举石头的例子目的是呈现一种发现幸福的方法。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The only reason why most of us don’t learn to practice this skill is that we were told it’s a waste of time by people who never figured it out.(我们大多数人没有学会练习这项技能的唯一原因是，从来没有弄清楚这一点的人告诉我们这是浪费时间)”可知，大多数人没有去练习这种技能的唯一原因就是他们被其他人告知这是浪费时间。因此，他们是被一些消极的人所误导。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段内容“With a lot of practice, it can even help you out during times of intense sadness, fear or pain. When you experience a negative (消极的) emotion, it’s a very powerful skill to be able to say “Wow, how interesting that a person can hurt like this! What a world!” It doesn’t make the bad feelings go away, it doesn’t fix whatever problem that caused them, but even in the depths of hopelessness you can shine a little light.(通过大量的练习，它甚至可以帮助你在极度悲伤、恐惧或痛苦的时候走出困境。当你经历一种消极情绪时，能够说“哇，一个人会受到这样的伤害是多么有趣啊！多么美好的世界啊！”它不会让坏的感觉消失，它不会解决任何导致它们的问题，但即使在绝望的深处，你也可以发出一点光)”可知，练习发现幸福这项技能可以帮助你从困境及伤心等情绪中走出来。也就是可以帮助你积极面对消极的情绪， 让你变得更阳光开朗。故选B。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·陕西省西安市·期中） Ellen Xu, now 18, well remembers her parents rushing her little sister to the hospital when she was a five-year-old in San Diego, California. Three-year-old Kate fell seriously ill; she had a fever, reddened eyes, a rash (皮疹) and some swelling in her hands and tongue. At first, the puzzled doctors thought she had a flu, but when her condition didn't improve, the Xus returned to clinic, where. a doctor by chance had experience with Kawasaki disease. Though rare, it's the leading cause of acquired (后天的) heart disease in babies and young children, and its cause remains somewhat mysterious. Luckily, the doctor knew how to treat it and eventually Kate shook off the illness without suffering damage to her heart. Xu was amazed that the grown-ups couldn't answer her questions about why it was so hard to identify. “In my mind, it was a mystery,” she says, “It was a puzzle I wanted to solve.” A decade later, wanting to enter a high school science fair, she had an idea: “What if we had a doctor in our pocket?” Using AI, Xu designed a medical app to recognize Kawasaki disease based on five physical symptoms (症状) . The technology works the same way as apps that can identify birds and plants with photos you've taken on your cellphone. Worried parents can upload a photo that they have taken of their child, and the technology will scan the image for symptoms of Kawasaki disease. Xu's invention has been used as a web app on the Kawasaki Disease Foundation's website. She says, “It means a lot to me. I want to use Al to help people live happier and healthier lives.” 1．What disease did Kate catch? A．Eye problem. B．A flu. C．A rare disease. D．Heart attack. 2．What is the function of Xu's medical app? A．Curing Kate's disease. B．Solving any puzzles. C．Making doctors work better. D．Identifying Kawasaki disease. 3．The fifth paragraph is mainly about the app's ________. A．wide popularity B．working principles C．hidden risks D．social impacts 4．Which of the following can best describe Ellen Xu? A．Generous and determined. B．Energetic and helpful. C．Creative and caring. D．Curious and hardworking. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍18岁的Ellen Xu设计了一款基于五种身体症状识别川崎病的医疗app的故事。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“At first, the puzzled doctors thought she had a flu, but when her condition didn't improve, the Xus returned to clinic, where. a doctor by chance had experience with Kawasaki disease. Though rare, it's the leading cause of acquired (后天的) heart disease in babies and young children, and its cause remains somewhat mysterious. Luckily, the doctor knew how to treat it and eventually Kate shook off the illness without suffering damage to her heart. (起初，困惑的医生以为她得了流感，但当她的病情没有好转时，徐家又回到了诊所。一位医生偶然接触过川崎病。虽然罕见，但它是婴儿和幼儿获得性心脏病的主要原因，其原因仍然有些神秘。幸运的是，医生知道如何治疗，最终凯特摆脱了疾病，心脏没有受到损害。)”可知凯特得了川崎病，是一种罕见的病，故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段“A decade later, wanting to enter a high school science fair, she had an idea: “What if we had a doctor in our pocket?” Using AI, Xu designed a medical app to recognize Kawasaki disease based on five physical symptoms (症状) . (十年后，她想参加一个高中科学博览会，她有了一个想法：“如果我们口袋里有一个医生会怎么样？”利用人工智能，徐设计了一款基于五种身体症状识别川崎病的医疗应用程序。)”可知徐的医疗app能识别川崎病，故选D。 3．主旨大意题。根据第五段“The technology works the same way as apps that can identify birds and plants with photos you've taken on your cellphone. Worried parents can upload a photo that they have taken of their child, and the technology will scan the image for symptoms of Kawasaki disease. (这项技术的工作原理与通过手机拍摄的照片识别鸟类和植物的应用程序相同。忧心忡忡的父母可以上传他们为孩子拍摄的照片，该技术将扫描图像，寻找川崎病的症状。)”可知本段主要介绍了徐的医疗app的工作原理，故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据第四段“A decade later, wanting to enter a high school science fair, she had an idea: “What if we had a doctor in our pocket?” Using AI, Xu designed a medical app to recognize Kawasaki disease based on five physical symptoms (症状) . (十年后，她想参加一个高中科学博览会，她有了一个想法：“如果我们口袋里有一个医生会怎么样？”利用人工智能，徐设计了一款基于五种身体症状识别川崎病的医疗应用程序。)”可知她设计了这款医疗app，说明她很有创造力，再根据最后一段“Xu's invention has been used as a web app on the Kawasaki Disease Foundation's website. She says, “It means a lot to me. I want to use Al to help people live happier and healthier lives.” (徐的发明已经在川崎疾病基金会的网站上作为一个网络应用程序使用。她说： “这对我来说意义重大。 我想用人工智能来帮助人们过上更快乐、更健康的生活。” ) ”可知，徐是有爱心的，故选C。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高二上·陕西省西安市·期中） There is something to be said for being a generalist, even if you are a specialist. Knowing a little about a lot of things that interest you can add to the richness of a whole, well-lived life. Society pushes us to specialize, to become experts. This requires commitment to a particular occupation, branch of study or research. The drawback to being specialists is we often come to know more and more about less and less. There is a great deal of pressure to master one’s field. You may pursue training, degrees, or increasing levels of responsibility at work. Then you discover the pressure of having to keep up. Some people seem willing to work around the clock in their narrow specialty. But such commitment can also weaken a sense of freedom. These specialists could work at the office until ten each night, then look back and realize they would have loved to have gone home and enjoyed the sweetness of their family and friends, or traveled to exciting places, meeting interesting people. Mastering one thing to the exclusion of others can hold back your true spirit. Generalists on the other hand, know a lot about a wide range of subjects and view the whole with all its connections. They are people of ability, talent, and enthusiasm who can bring their broad perspective into specific fields of expertise. The doctor who is also a poet and philosopher is a superior doctor, one who can give so much more to his patients than just good medical skills. Things are connected. Let your expertise in one field fuel your passions in all related areas. Some of your interests may not appear to be connected but, once you explore their depths, you discover that they are. My editor Toni, who is also a writer, has edited several history books. She has decided to study Chinese history. Fascinated by the structural beauty of the Forbidden City as a painter, she is equally interested to learn more about Chinese philosophy. “I don’t know where it will lead, but I’m excited I’m on this pursuit.” These expansions into new worlds help us by giving us new perspectives. We begin to see the interconnectedness of one thing to another in all aspects of our life, of ourselves and the universe. Develop broad, general knowledge and experience. The universe is all yours to explore and enjoy. 1．To become a specialist, one may have to ______ . A．narrow his range of knowledge B．avoid responsibilities at work C．know more about the society D．broaden his perspective on life 2．The specialists mentioned in Paragraph 3 tend to ______ . A．treasure their freedom B．travel around the world C．spend most time working D．enjoy meeting funny people 3．According to the author, a superior doctor is one who ______ . A．is fully aware of his talent and ability B．is a pure specialist in medicine C．should love poetry and philosophy D．brings knowledge of other fields to work 4．What does the author intend to show with the example of Toni? A．Passion alone does not ensure a person’s success. B．In-depth exploration makes discoveries possible. C．Everyone has a chance to succeed in their pursuit. D．Seemingly unrelated interests are in a way connected. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．D 【导语】本文是议论文。文章论述了要当一个多面手，而不是当某方面的专家。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段中“This requires commitment to a particular occupation, branch of study or research. The drawback to being specialists is we often come to know more and more about less and less.(成为专家需要对特定的职业、研究领域的投入。成为专家的缺点是我们常常对越来越少的知识领域了解得越来越多)”可知，要成为一名专家，了解到的知识领域会越来越少，会缩小他的知识范围。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Some people seem willing to work around the clock in their narrow specialty. But such commitment can also weaken a sense of freedom. These specialists could work at the office until ten each night, then look back and realize they would have loved to have gone home and enjoyed the sweetness of their family and friends, or traveled to exciting places, meeting interesting people.(有些人似乎愿意在他们狭隘的专业领域夜以继日地工作。但这种承诺也会削弱自由感。这些专家可以每天晚上在办公室工作到10点，然后回过头来，意识到他们本想回家享受与家人和朋友的甜蜜，或者去令人兴奋的地方旅行，遇见有趣的人)”可知，这些专家往往花大部分的时间在工作上。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“The doctor who is also a poet and philosopher is a superior doctor, one who can give so much more to his patients than just good medical skills. (这位既是诗人又是哲学家的医生是一位优秀的医生，他能给他的病人提供比良好的医术更多的东西)”可知，作者认为一名优秀的医生可以将其他领域的知识带到工作中。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据第五段中“Things are connected. Let your expertise in one field fuel your passions in all related areas. Some of your interests may not appear to be connected but, once you explore their depths, you discover that they are.(事物之间是有联系的。让你在一个领域的专长激发你在所有相关领域的热情。你的一些兴趣可能看起来没有联系，但一旦你深入探索，你就会发现它们是有联系的)”；下文举出Toni的例子“My editor Toni, who is also a writer, has edited several history books. She has decided to study Chinese history. Fascinated by the structural beauty of the Forbidden City as a painter, she is equally interested to learn more about Chinese philosophy.(我的编辑Toni也是一位作家，她编辑过几本历史书。她已决定学习中国历史。作为一名画家，她痴迷于紫禁城的建筑之美，同时也对更多地了解中国哲学感兴趣)”由此可以推断，作者想通过Toni的例子说明看似不相关的兴趣，如果深入探索的话，在某种程度上是有联系的。故选D。 Passage 4 （24-25学年高二上·陕西省渭南市·期中） Nowadays, handwriting seems to become less necessary, for young children learn to tap and touch screens before they have even learned to pick up a pencil or tie their shoelaces. Most of our written communication is done through texting on mobile phones or typing on a keyboard. And voice recognition softwares are becoming more and more advanced — making even keyboards unnecessary! So, are handwriting skills important to your child? Actually, handwriting is an exercise in eye-hand coordination (协调), an important part of visual-motor (视觉运动) skills, which are connected with achievements in study. Scientists found that developing fine visual-motor skills in early childhood can lead to not only writing success, but better performance in reading and math in elementary school. It was also found that kids who fail to write neatly and efficiently are often accused of being lazy, and this may affect their behavior and self-worth. Moreover, a study showed that when a group of children were asked to come up with ideas for an article, the ones with better handwriting were more active and had quicker minds. In some ways, handwriting helps their brains’ development. The first attempts at writing can be challenging for pre-school children — whose fine motor skills are not yet fully developed. But some skills to prepare for handwriting are simple to build at home and in preschool. Parents should provide lots of opportunities for kids to copy and draw shapes and simple pictures in early childhood before letters are introduced. Let your child copy your shapes in sand, or with chalks on a board before trying to draw the shapes on their own. Encourage your child to spend less time on electronic devices and more time on activities to improve eye-hand coordination. Let’s face it — technology is certain to continue developing and more research is needed to find the best ways to teach handwriting to young children. But, there’s plenty of evidence that the handwriting practice can provide young children with a good start in developing skills needed for a healthy and successful journey in school. 1．According to Paragraph 1, handwriting is ________. A．easy to learn on a touch screen B．used less frequently (频繁的) now C．more difficult than typewriting D．totally replaced (取代) by softwares 2．How does the author explain the benefits of handwriting? A．By mentioning examples of the kids around him. B．By providing data (数据) about pupils with good grades. C．By giving some news reports on hand-writing. D．By presenting some research findings (研究发现) . 3．What does the author suggest parents do? A．Keep young children away from electronic devices. B．Teach pre-school children to write letters with chalks. C．Help children get ready for handwriting before school. D．Encourage children to face writing challenges bravely. 4．What can be the best title for the text? A．Does poor handwriting really mean being lazy? B．How can handwriting affect children’s self-confidence? C．Should homework be done through handwriting or typewriting? D．Should handwriting be taken seriously in children’s growth? 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了在数字化时代手写技能对孩子成长是否仍应被重视的问题。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Nowadays, handwriting seems to become less necessary, for young children learn to tap and touch screens before they have even learned to pick up a pencil or tie their shoelaces. (如今，手写似乎变得不那么必要了，因为孩子们在学会拿起铅笔或系鞋带之前就已经学会了点击和触摸屏幕。)”可知，手写现在使用频率较低。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Scientists found that developing fine visual-motor skills in early childhood can lead to not only writing success, but better performance in reading and math in elementary school. (科学家发现，在幼儿期发展精细的视觉运动技能不仅可以带来书写上的成功，还可以在小学阶段提高阅读和数学成绩。)”以及“Moreover, a study showed that when a group of children were asked to come up with ideas for an article, the ones with better handwriting were more active and had quicker minds. (此外，一项研究表明，当一群孩子被要求为一篇文章想出点子时，书写较好的孩子更活跃，思维更敏捷。)”可知，作者通过呈现一些研究发现来解释手写的好处。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中“But some skills to prepare for handwriting are simple to build at home and in preschool. Parents should provide lots of opportunities for kids to copy and draw shapes and simple pictures in early childhood before letters are introduced. (但是，一些为手写做准备的技能在家里和幼儿园就可以很容易地培养。父母应该在孩子识字之前，为他们提供很多在幼儿时期复制和绘制形状和简单图片的机会。)”可知，作者建议父母帮助孩子在上学前为手写做好准备。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是最后一段“But, there’s plenty of evidence that the handwriting practice can provide young children with a good start in developing skills needed for a healthy and successful journey in school. (但是，有充分的证据表明，手写练习可以为幼儿提供一个良好的开端，帮助他们发展在学校健康和成功旅程中所需的技能。)”可知，文章主要讨论了在孩子成长过程中是否应该重视手写技能的问题，因此D选项“Should handwriting be taken seriously in children’s growth? (在孩子成长过程中是否应该重视手写？)”是最合适的标题。故选D。 主题03人与自然——自然与环保 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·山西省太原市·期中） Animals being extinct from the Earth is a serious issue. When this happens in order to use their fur or skin for fashion, it is even worse, since it`s not even for a matter of human survival. That’s why a London zoo decided to make a powerful statement at the Siamese crocodile enclosure (围栏). When visitors come in expecting to see a crocodile, they’re greeted with the handbag instead, making a very effective and powerful point about illegal wildlife trade and the harm it takes on the species involved. A sign by the enclosure reads, “This bag used to be found swimming in slow-moving rivers and streams across Southeast Asia and Indonesia. Over the last 75 years, more than 80% of Siamese crocodiles have disappeared. Many, like this one, were hunted for their skins as part of the illegal wildlife trade.” Native to parts of Southeast Asia, Siamese crocodiles are critically endangered and have become virtually extinct in the wild. Due to hunting as well as habitat loss, they are now absent from nearly 99% of their original range. A huge part of the decline of population is due to humans using their wetland habitat for rice farming, and things only took a turn for the worse when large-scale hunting for their skin for commercial purposes began in the 1950s. The particular handbag that is on display at the zoo was confiscated by the government at a UK airport, according to Benjamin Tapley, leader of reptiles and amphibians at ZSL London Zoo. Tapley told The Huffington Post, “We made this exhibit, within ZSL London Zoo’s Reptile House, to draw attention to the destructive impact the Illegal Wildlife Trade (IWT) is having on species around the world. At ZSL, we are working globally with governments and local communities to protect wildlife, support law enforcement (执法) that targets illegal trade networks, empower local communities affected by IWT and reduce demand for threatened wildlife.” 1．Why does the sign say this handbag used to swim? A．It is made of a crocodile’s skin. B．It is made into a crocodile shape. C．It is light enough to float on water. D．It was kept in flowing river at first. 2．What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A．Wildly hunting of Siamese crocodiles. B．Commercial value of Siamese crocodiles. C．Destruction of Siamese crocodiles’ habitats. D．Causes to make Siamese crocodiles endangered. 3．What does the underlined word “confiscated” in paragraph 5 mean? A．Sold. B．Seized. C．Stolen. D．Exhibited. 4．What does Tapley’s words focus on? A．The harm IWT caused. B．The purpose to show the handbag. C．The importance of wildlife protection. D．The crisis endangered animals are facing. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了伦敦动物园如何通过展览等方式让公众了解动物灭绝的严重问题，特别是非法野生动物贸易对暹罗鳄等物种的危害。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“A sign by the enclosure reads, “This bag used to be found swimming in slow-moving rivers and streams across Southeast Asia and Indonesia. Over the last 75 years, more than 80% of Siamese crocodiles have disappeared. Many, like this one, were hunted for their skins as part of the illegal wildlife trade.”(围栏旁的一块牌子上写着：“这个手提包曾经在东南亚和印度尼西亚的缓流河流中游泳。在过去的75年里，超过80%的暹罗鳄已经消失。许多像这样的鳄鱼，因为它们的皮肤被用于非法野生动物贸易而被猎杀。”)”可知，手提包是由鳄鱼皮制成的，因此可以联想到这个手提包“曾经游泳”是因为它原本是属于鳄鱼的皮肤。故选A。 2．主旨大意题。根据文章第四段“Native to parts of Southeast Asia, Siamese crocodiles are critically endangered and have become virtually extinct in the wild. Due to hunting as well as habitat loss, they are now absent from nearly 99% of their original range. A huge part of the decline of population is due to humans using their wetland habitat for rice farming, and things only took a turn for the worse when large-scale hunting for their skin for commercial purposes began in the 1950s.(暹罗鳄原产于东南亚部分地区，目前极度濒危，在野外几乎已经灭绝。由于猎杀以及栖息地的丧失，它们现在已从其原始栖息地的近99%的区域中消失。种群数量大幅下降的一个很大原因是人类将它们的湿地栖息地用于水稻种植，而当20世纪50年代开始大规模为了商业目的猎杀它们的皮肤时，情况更是急转直下。)”可知，第四段详细描述了由于猎杀和栖息地丧失，暹罗鳄现在几乎从其原始栖息地的99%中消失，并指出了人口下降的一个很大原因是人类将湿地用于水稻种植，以及为了商业目的的大规模猎杀。这些内容都直接指向了暹罗鳄濒危的原因，因此是段落的主要内容。故选D。 3．词句猜测题。根据划线单词下文“by the government at a UK airport(英国政府在一座机场)”以及这个手提包正在动物园展示可推测，这个手提包是被政府从机场拿走的，作为非法物品进行查扣。由此可知，划线单词和“查扣”意思相似。选项A“Sold (出售)”；选项B“Seized (没收、抓住)”；选项C“Stolen (偷窃)”；选项D“Exhibited (展览)”。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Tapley told The Huffington Post, “We made this exhibit, within ZSL London Zoo’s Reptile House, to draw attention to the destructive impact the Illegal Wildlife Trade (IWT) is having on species around the world. At ZSL, we are working globally with governments and local communities to protect wildlife, support law enforcement (执法) that targets illegal trade networks, empower local communities affected by IWT and reduce demand for threatened wildlife.”(Tapley告诉《赫芬顿邮报》：“我们在伦敦动物学会动物园的爬行动物馆里设置了这一展览，以引起游客对非法野生动物贸易对全球物种造成的破坏性影响的关注。在伦敦动物学会，我们正在与全球各国政府和当地社区合作，保护野生动物，支持针对非法贸易网络的执法行动，增强受非法野生动物贸易影响的当地社区的能力，并减少对濒危野生动物的需求。”)”可知，Tapley的话重点是解释为何要在动物园展示这个手提包，即展示手提包的目的。故选B。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·山西省运城市·期中） A snow leopard（雪豹）research team said one of its infrared（红外的）cameras caught some snow leopards playing in a national park in the east end of the Qilian Mountains, which the team leader said is “of great significance”. There have been suspected sightings of snow leopards in east Qinghai before, but none has ever been confirmed. The snow leopard, often found near the alpine snowline in the Asian heartland, has been called “the king of snow mountains”. It is a Class-A protected animal in China and is classified as “vulnerable” by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. “Based on these images, we can conclude that the area has a certain number of snow leopards, but the exact population is yet to be calculated,” said Ulgi, an official at the reserve. In fact, in the snow leopard project, a number of high-tech equipment have been increasingly used in monitoring and protecting the species, such as infrared cameras, drones（无人机）and DNA research based on the animal’s excrement（排泄物）. “Still, more should be done to protect the snow leopard, which is vulnerable to challenges such as climate change, habitat loss and human activities,” he said. A total of 60 infrared cameras have been scattered across the largest State-owned forest in the central and eastern Tianshan Mountains, covering an area of around 550 square kilometers, according to sources in charge of the project on February 18. “We will keep monitoring to learn more about snow leopard activities in the Tianshan Mountains and assist the local administration to come up with more targeted protection measures,” said He Bing, snow leopard project manager. He said that the discoveries of snow leopards and other animals in China were evidence of China’s increased efforts in environmental control, such as the protection of natural forests. 1．How were the snow leopards exactly discovered? A．Caught on camera. B．Seen by local people. C．Followed by the team. D．Watched from the drone. 2．What does the underlined word “vulnerable” in paragraph 5 probably mean? A．Hardly available. B．Easily hurt. C．Changeable. D．Valuable. 3．What can we expect of the snow leopard protection in the future? A．The infrared cameras will be replaced by handy cameras. B．The project will soon be successfully finished. C．More high-tech equipment will be made use of. D．Monitoring places will be transferred to other areas. 4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．Countries Unite to Protect Snow Leopards B．The King of Snow Mountains Is Worthy of the Name C．The Infrared Cameras Play an Important Role in Animal Protection D．Snow Leopards Are Spotted in China’s Qilian Mountains 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．D 【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，介绍了中国祁连山上发现雪豹这一事件，表明了中国加大环境控制力度的成果是显著的。 【详解】1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段内容“A snow leopard research team said one of its infrared cameras caught some snow leopards playing in a national park in the east end of the Qilian Mountains, which the team leader said is “of great significance”. ”（雪豹研究小组表示，他们的一个红外摄像机捕捉到了一些雪豹在祁连山东端的一个国家公园玩耍，该小组负责人表示，这“意义重大”。）可知，雪豹是通过红外摄像机捕捉的画面被发现的。故选A项。 1.词义猜测题。根据文章第五段关键句“Still, more should be done to protect the snow leopard”（尽管如此，我们还是应该采取更多措施来保护雪豹）及相关内容“to challenges such as climate change, habitat loss and human activities”（应对气候变化、栖息地丧失和人类活动等挑战）可以推测，雪豹在应对气候变化、栖息地丧失和人类活动等挑战时处于弱势地位，即，容易受伤害的。故选B项。 2.推理判断题。根据文章第五段关键句“In fact, in the snow leopard project, a number of high-tech equipment have been increasingly used in monitoring and protecting the species, such as infrared cameras, drones and DNA research based on the animal’s excrement.”（事实上，在雪豹项目中，越来越多的高科技设备被用于监测和保护该物种，如红外摄像机、无人机和基于动物粪便的DNA研究。）及倒数第二段关键句““We will keep monitoring to learn more about snow leopard activities in the Tianshan Mountains and assist the local administration to come up with more targeted protection measures,” said He Bing, snow leopard project manager.”（雪豹项目经理何冰表示:“我们将继续监测，以了解更多关于天山雪豹活动的情况，并协助当地政府提出更有针对性的保护措施。”）可知，在未来保护雪豹的行动中，将使用更多的高科技设备。故选C项。 3.主旨大意题。根据文章第一段内容“A snow leopard research team said one of its infrared cameras caught some snow leopards playing in a national park in the east end of the Qilian Mountains, which the team leader said is “of great significance”. ”（雪豹研究小组表示，他们的一个红外摄像机捕捉到了一些雪豹在祁连山东端的一个国家公园玩耍，该小组负责人表示，这“意义重大”。）及全文内容可知，本文为一篇新闻报道，介绍了中国祁连山上发现雪豹这一事件；D选项“Snow Leopards Are Spotted in China’s Qilian Mountains ”（中国祁连山上的雪豹）作为本文标题，符合主旨。故选D项。 主题01 人与社会—— 社会发展 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·山西省长治市·期中） Switching food and drink purchases to very similar but more environmentally friendly alternatives could reduce the greenhouse gas emissions from household groceries by more than a quarter (26%), according to a new Australian study from The George Institute published in Nature Food. Making bigger changes— like swapping a frozen meat lasagne (宽面条) for the vegetarian option— could push the reduction to as much as 71%. Lead author Dr Allison Gaines said, “Dietary habits need to change significantly if we are to meet global emissions targets, particularly in high- income countries like Australia, the UK, and the US.” But while consumers are increasingly aware of the environmental impact of the food system, they lack reliable information to identify the more environmentally friendly options. Researchers calculated the projected emissions of annual grocery purchases from 7,000 Australian households in The George Institute’s FoodSwitch database and global environmental impact datasets. More than 22,000 products were assigned to major, minor and sub- categories of foods(e. g. ‘bread and bakery’, ‘bread’ and ‘white bread’, respectively) to quantify emissions saved by switching both within and between groups. Making switches within the same sub- categories of foods could lead to emission reductions of 26% in Australia, equivalent to taking over 1.9 million cars off the road. Switches within minor categories of foods could lead to even bigger emission reductions of 71%. The results of the study show the potential to significantly reduce our environmental impact by switching like- for- like products. “It showed that you can switch to lower emissions products while still enjoying nutritious foods,” Dr Gaines added. A free app, called ecoSwitch, has been developed currently available in Australia, based on this research. Shoppers can use their device to scan a product barcode and check its ‘Planetary Health Rating’, a measure of its emissions shown as a score between half a star(high emissions) to five stars (low emissions). “While ecoSwitch is a much- needed first step in providing environmental transparency (透明度) for grocery shoppers, the vision is for compulsive display of a single, standardised sustainability rating system on all supermarket products,” concluded prof Neal, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology at Imperial College London. 1．What does the author want to show by listing numbers in paragraph 1? A．The impact of food industry. B．The need of changing daily diet. C．The status of environmental problems. D．The influencing factors of gas emissions. 2．Why do researchers make a detailed classification for products? A．To set up a comprehensive database. B．To figure out the detailed food categories. C．To identify emissions reduced by switching food. D．To ensure less air pollution caused by food options. 3．What do we know about ecoSwitch? A．It is popular in high- income countries. B．It checks the emissions of star products. C．It is a measurement system for a supermarket. D．It ensures wiser choices for food purchase. 4．What does the text mainly talk about? A．EcoSwitch makes customers aware of food risk. B．Food swaps contribute to environmental sustainability. C．Environmental problems account for less food nutrition. D．Greenhouse gas emissions have an effect on food safety. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是新闻报道。文章报道了一项新的澳大利亚研究，该研究探讨了通过选择更环保的食品和饮料替代品来减少家庭杂货购买所产生的温室气体排放。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Switching food and drink purchases to very similar but more environmentally friendly alternatives could reduce the greenhouse gas emissions from household groceries by more than a quarter (26%), according to a new Australian study from The George Institute published in Nature Food. Making bigger changes— like swapping a frozen meat lasagne (宽面条) for the vegetarian option— could push the reduction to as much as 71%. (根据乔治研究所发表在《自然食品》上的一项新的澳大利亚研究，将食品和饮料的购买转向非常相似但更环保的替代品，可以将家庭杂货的温室气体排放量减少四分之一以上(26%)。做出更大的改变——比如把冷冻肉千层面换成素食——可能会使碳排放减少多达71%。)”可知，作者在第一段列举数字是想说明改变日常饮食的需要。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“More than 22,000 products were assigned to major, minor and sub- categories of foods(e. g. ‘bread and bakery’, ‘bread’ and ‘white bread’, respectively) to quantify emissions saved by switching both within and between groups. Making switches within the same sub- categories of foods could lead to emission reductions of 26% in Australia, equivalent to taking over 1.9 million cars off the road. Switches within minor categories of foods could lead to even bigger emission reductions of 71%. (超过22,000种产品被分配到食品的主要、次要和次类别(例如“面包和烘焙”、“面包”和“白面包”)，以量化通过在组内和组间转换而节省的排放量。在相同的食品子类中进行转换可以使澳大利亚的排放量减少26%，相当于减少190万辆汽车的排放量。在较小类别的食品中进行转换可能会导致更大的71%的减排。)”可知，研究人员对产品进行详细的分类是为了确定通过转换食物减少的排放量。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“A free app, called ecoSwitch, has been developed currently available in Australia, based on this research. Shoppers can use their device to scan a product barcode and check its ‘Planetary Health Rating’, a measure of its emissions shown as a score between half a star(high emissions) to five stars (low emissions). (基于这项研究，澳大利亚开发了一款名为ecoSwitch的免费应用程序。购物者可以用他们的设备扫描产品条形码，查看产品的“行星健康评级”，这是一种衡量产品排放的指标，从半星(高排放)到五星(低排放)不等。)”以及最后一段““While ecoSwitch is a much- needed first step in providing environmental transparency (透明度) for grocery shoppers, the vision is for compulsive display of a single, standardised sustainability rating system on all supermarket products,” concluded prof Neal, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology at Imperial College London. (伦敦帝国理工学院临床流行病学教授尼尔教授总结道：“虽然ecoSwitch是为杂货店购物者提供环境透明度的急需的第一步，但其愿景是在所有超市产品上强制展示单一、标准化的可持续性评级系统。”)”可知，ecoSwitch保证了购买食物时更明智的选择。故选D项。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Switching food and drink purchases to very similar but more environmentally friendly alternatives could reduce the greenhouse gas emissions from household groceries by more than a quarter (26%), according to a new Australian study from The George Institute published in Nature Food. Making bigger changes— like swapping a frozen meat lasagne (宽面条) for the vegetarian option— could push the reduction to as much as 71%. (根据乔治研究所发表在《自然食品》上的一项新的澳大利亚研究，将食品和饮料的购买转向非常相似但更环保的替代品，可以将家庭杂货的温室气体排放量减少四分之一以上(26%)。做出更大的改变——比如把冷冻肉千层面换成素食——可能会使碳排放减少多达71%。)”以及通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了食物交换有助于环境的可持续性。故选B项。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·山西省吕梁市·期中） On February 13, 2023, Wu Yibing made history, beating John Isner in a thrilling three-set final at the Dallas Open to become the first man from China to win an ATP (Association of Tennis Professionals) title. Brought to a tennis court for the first time at just five, initially encouraged by his parents as an exercise to lose weight, Wu soon had his talent discovered by his provincial junior team, kicking off a journey that would change the face of men’s tennis in China. In 2017, Wu Yibing shot to prominence after winning the US Open boys’ tournament at 18 to become the first Chinese to win a major junior title, raising high hopes for the “Wonder Boy” to change the fortune of Chinese men in a sport long dominated by women’s success on the pro stage. In 2018, Wu won his first ATP Challenger title in Shanghai. However, the brutally competitive nature of men’s pro tennis hit the rising Wu with a tough reminder after multiple injuries—to his elbow, lower back, shoulder and wrist — forced him to be away from the ATP Tour for close to three years. He made his return last year and won three ATP Challenger titles before qualifying for the US Open. “Looking back, I feel like I wouldn’t have been here if not for the ups and downs over the past few years. I take all the setbacks and struggles as an asset that helps me mature mentally now.” said Wu. “Of course there were a lot of doubts because I had surgery and the recovery wasn’t going well The championship today was a payoff for all the hard work and everyone who’s supported me along the way.” 1．What do the underlined words “shot to prominence” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Lost weight. B．Discovered talent. C．Became famous. D．Felt uncertain. 2．Why was Wu absent from the ATP Tour for nearly three years? A．Because he feared possible failures. B．Because he refused fierce competitions. C．Because he wanted to change his carcer. D．Because he suffered from serious physical injuries. 3．What can we learn from Wu Yibing’s statement? A．No cross, no crown. B．Well begun is half done. C．Easy come, easy go. D．Time waits for no man. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．The Development of Chinese Tennis. B．The Power of Difficulties for Athletes. C．The Pioneer of Chinese Tennis Sport. D．The First Chinese Male Winner of ATP Title. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。介绍了吴易昺夺得了 ATP 巡回赛冠军，创中国网球新历史。 1．词句猜测题。根据画线词后文“after winning the US Open boys’ tournament at 18 to become the first Chinese to win a major junior title, raising high hopes for the “Wonder Boy” to change the fortune of Chinese men in a sport long dominated by women’s success on the pro stage”可知，在2017 年，18岁的吴易昺赢得了美国男子公开赛冠军，成为了首位赢得重要青少年锦标赛冠军的中国人，这使得人们对这位“神奇男孩”寄予厚望，希望他能在这项长期由女性主导的职业运动中改变中国男网的命运。说明他在美国男子公开赛中一举成名，故划线词表示“一举成名”。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“However, the brutally competitive nature of men’s pro tennis hit the rising Wu with a tough reminder after multiple injuries—to his elbow, lower back, shoulder and wrist — forced him to be away from the ATP Tour for close to three years.(然而，男子职业网球残酷的竞争性质给正在崛起的吴带来了沉重的打击，他的肘部、下背部、肩膀和手腕多处受伤，迫使他离开ATP巡回赛近三年)”可知，因为参加职业网球残酷的竞争，使得吴易昺的肘部、下背部、肩膀和手腕多处受伤，这迫使他离开ATP 巡回赛近三年。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中““Looking back, I feel like I wouldn’t have been here if not for the ups and downs over the past few years. I take all the setbacks and struggles as an asset that helps me mature mentally now.” said Wu. “Of course there were a lot of doubts because I had surgery and the recovery wasn’t going well The championship today was a payoff for all the hard work and everyone who’s supported me along the way.”(“回顾过去，我觉得如果不是过去几年的起伏，我就不会在这里。我把所有的挫折和挣扎都当作一种资产，帮助我现在的心理成熟。”吴说。“当然有很多质疑，因为我做了手术，康复过程并不顺利。今天的总冠军是我所有努力和所有支持我的人的回报。”)”可推知，此处他的表达给我们的启发是：没有困难，就没有收获，与A项“不经历风雨，怎么见彩虹”表达一致。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“On February 13,2023, Wu Yibing made history, beating John Isner in a thrilling three-set final at the Dallas Open to become the first man from China to win an ATP(Association of Tennis Professionals) title.(2023年2月13日，吴易昺创造了历史，在达拉斯公开赛惊险的三盘决赛中击败John Isner，成为第一个赢得ATP冠军的中国男子)”并结合全文可知，文章主要介绍了年少成名的网球运动员吴易昺由于严重受伤退出了 ATP 比赛，在经历三年的治疗康复后，最终复出，创造了中国网球的新历史：成为中国首个获得 ATP 赛达拉斯冠军的男网运动员。D选项“首位获得ATP冠军的中国男子选手”符合文章标题。故选D。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高二上·山西省太原市·期中） Every week in China, millions of people will sit in front of their TVs watching teenagers compete for the title Character Hero, which is a Chinese-style spelling bee. In this challenge, young competitors must write Chinese characters by hand. To prepare for the competition, the competitors usually spend months studying dictionaries. Perhaps the show’s popularity should not be a surprise. Along with gunpowder and paper, many Chinese people consider the creation of Chinese calligraphy(书法) to be one of their primary contributions to civilization. Unfortunately, all over the country, Chinese people are forgetting how to write their own language without computerized help. Software on smart phones and computers allows users to type in the basic sound of the word using the Latin alphabet. The correct character is chosen from a list. The result? It’s possible to recognize characters without remembering how to write them. But there’s still hope for the paint brush. China’s Education Ministry wants children to spend more time learning how to write. In one Beijing primary school we visited, students practice calligraphy every day inside a specially decorated classroom with traditional Chinese paintings hanging on the walls. Soft music plays as a group of six-year-olds dip brush pens into black ink. They look up at the blackboard often to study their teacher’s examples before carefully attempting to reproduce those characters on thin rice paper. “If adults can survive without using handwriting, why bother to teach it now?” we ask the calligraphy teacher, Shen Bin. “The ability to write characters is part of Chinese tradition and culture,” she reasons. “Students must learn now so they don’t forget when they grow up.” says the teacher. 1．What can we learn about the Character Hero? A．It’s open to people of all ages and all walks. B．It’s the most-viewed TV programs in China. C．It aims to spread Chinese culture to the world. D．It draws great public attention across the country. 2．Why are Chinese people forgetting how to write the characters? A．Chinese people don’t refer to dictionaries very often. B．Chinese people no longer use brush pens or practice calligraphy. C．Chinese people are using the Latin alphabet instead of the characters. D．Chinese people needn’t write by hand as often with the help of technology. 3．.According to Shen Bin, being able to write characters by hand is_________. A．necessary for adults to survive in China B．a requirement made by the Education Ministry C．helpful to keep Chinese tradition and culture alive D．an ability to be developed only when you are students 4．Where does this text probably come from? A．A news report. B．A science report. C．An advertisement. D．Children’s literature. 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．C 4．A 【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道。作者通过叙述汉字拼写大赛谈到了汉字拼写的现状。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段第一句“Every week in China, millions of people will sit in front of their TVs watching teenagers compete for the title Character Hero, which is a Chinese-style spelling bee(拼写大赛).(在中国，每周都有数百万人坐在电视机前观看青少年们争夺“英雄”的称号，这是一场汉字拼写大赛。)”可知，每周数以百万人坐在电视机前观看青少年汉字拼写大赛。因此推断这个节目吸引了公众极大的注意力。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Unfortunately, all over the country, Chinese people are forgetting how to write their own language without computerized help. (不幸地是，没有电脑的帮助中国人正在日益忘记如何写汉字。)”可知，中国人忘记汉字的书写主要是因为有高科技的帮助。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“‘The ability to write characters is part of Chinese tradition and culture,' she reasons. ‘Students must learn now so they don't forget when they grow up.' says the teacher. (她解释说，写字是中国传统和文化的一部分。学生们必须现在就学习，这样他们长大后就不会忘记。老师说。)”可知，沈斌认为，汉字的书写是中华传统文化的一部分，学生们现在学会写汉字才不会在长大后忘记汉字的书写。因此推断她认为汉字的书写对于保持中国传统和文化的延续是有益的。故选C。 4．推理判断题。本文通过提到汉字拼写大赛的情况，提到中国对于汉字拼写的现状，以及对于文化传承的希望。从而推断本文来自一个新闻报道。故选A。 Passage 4 （24-25高二上·陕西省咸阳市·期中） When students and parents are asked to rate subjects according to their importance, the arts are unavoidably at the bottom of the list. Music is nice, people seem to say, but not important. Too often it is viewed as me re entertainment (娱乐), but certainly not an education priority (优先). This view is shortsighted. In fact, music education is beneficial and important for all students. Music tells us who we are. Because music is an expression of the beings who create it, it reflects their thinking and values, as well as the social environment it came from. Rock music represents a lifestyle just as surely as a Schubert song. The jazz influence that George Gershwin and other musicians introduced into their music is obviously American because it came from American musical traditions. Music expresses our character and values. It gives us identity as a society. Music provides a kind of perception (感知) that cannot be acquired in any other way. Science can explain how the sun rises and sets. The arts explore the emotional meaning of the same phenomenon. We need every possible way to discover and respond to our world for one simple but powerful reason: No one way can get it all. The arts are forms of thought as powerful in what they communicate as mathematical and scientific symbols. They are ways we human beings “talk” to each other. They are the language of civilization through which we express our fears, our curiosities, our hungers, our discoveries, and our hopes. The arts are ways we give form to our ideas and imagination so that they can be shared with others. When we do not give children access to an important way of expressing themselves such as music, we take away from them the meanings that music expresses. Science and technology do not tell us what it means to be human. The arts do. Music is an important way we express human suffering, celebration, the meaning and value of peace and love. So music education is far more necessary than people seem to realize. 1．What is the function of the first paragraph? A．To share a student’s experience. B．To lead into the topic. C．To describe a new study. D．To introduce some ways of entertainment. 2．In Paragraph 2, the author uses jazz as an example to ______. A．compare it with rock music B．introduce American musical traditions C．show music reflects a society D．prove music is as useful as other subjects 3．What do we know about the arts and science according to the passage? A．They explain what it means to be human differently. B．They explore different phenomena of the world. C．They express people’s feelings in different ways. D．They approach the world from different points of view. 4．What is the author’s attitude to the influence of music education on students? A．Unknown. B．Positive. C．Negative. D．Doubtful. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章开篇指出在学生和家长对学科的排名中艺术常居末位，音乐被视为娱乐而非教育重点这一错误观点，随后从多个方面阐述音乐教育对学生至关重要且益处多多，有力反驳了开篇的短视看法。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“When students and parents are asked to rate subjects according to their importance, the arts are unavoidably at the bottom of the list. Music is nice, people seem to say, but not important. Too often it is viewed as mere entertainment (娱乐), but certainly not an education priority (优先). This view is shortsighted. (当学生和家长被要求根据重要性对学科进行排名时，艺术不可避免地排在最后。人们似乎会说，音乐不错，但并不重要。它常常被视为纯粹的娱乐，但肯定不是教育的优先事项。这种观点是短视的)”可知，作者先陈述了人们对音乐不重视这一现象，接着表明这种观点短视，由此引出下文对音乐重要性的论述。所以第一段的功能是引出话题。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段“Music tells us who we are. Because music is an expression of the beings who create it, it reflects their thinking and values, as well as the social environment it came from. Rock music represents a lifestyle just as surely as a Schubert song. The jazz influence that George Gershwin and other musicians introduced into their music is obviously American because it came from American musical traditions. Music expresses our character and values. It gives us identity as a society. (音乐告诉我们我们是谁。因为音乐是创造它的人的一种表达，它反映了他们的思想和价值观，以及它所来自的社会环境。摇滚乐就像舒伯特的歌曲一样，代表了一种生活方式。乔治·格什温和其他音乐家将爵士乐的影响引入他们的音乐中，这种影响显然是美国的，因为它来自美国的音乐传统。音乐表达了我们的性格和价值观。它赋予我们社会身份)”可知，第二段主要论述音乐反映了社会，接着以爵士乐为例，进一步说明了音乐反映了社会。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Science can explain how the sun rises and sets. The arts explore the emotional meaning of the same phenomenon. We need every possible way to discover and respond to our world for one simple but powerful reason: No one way can get it all. The arts are forms of thought as powerful in what they communicate as mathematical and scientific symbols. (科学可以解释太阳是如何升起和落下的。艺术探索同一现象的情感意义。我们需要用一切可能的方式去发现和回应我们的世界，原因很简单但很有力：没有一种方式能涵盖一切。艺术是一种思想形式，它在传达信息方面与数学和科学符号一样强大)”可知，科学和艺术从不同的角度去探索和回应世界，因此体现了它们从不同角度看待世界。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Music is an important way we express human suffering, celebration, the meaning and value of peace and love. So music education is far more necessary than people seem to realize.”(音乐是我们表达人类苦难、庆祝、和平与爱的意义和价值的重要方式。所以音乐教育比人们意识到的要重要得多)”可知，作者认为音乐教育非常重要，对音乐教育对学生的影响持积极态度。故选B。 主题02 人与自我——自我丰富 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·陕西省西安市·期中） If someone asked whether you like the arts, you’d probably say you do at least in theory. According to a survey, more than two-thirds of U.S. adults say the arts “lift me up beyond everyday experiences”. However, only 30 percent attended a concert of any type in 2017; 23 percent went to an art museum. Fewer than half actively created art of any kind. The mismatch can boil down to the fact that we are weighed down by our day-to-day responsibilities, leaving our schedule packed. Maybe you like to play a little background music while you work or do the chores, but even before the pandemic, most of us rarely, if ever, saw a live performance, let alone visited a gallery or watched a play. Too often, we let the dull reality of life get in the way of the arts. But this is a mistake. The arts are the opposite of an escape from reality; they might just be the most realistic glimpse we ever get into the nature and meaning of life. If you make time for consuming and producing the arts the same way you make time for work and exercise and family commitments, I assure you that you’ll find your life getting fuller and happier. Think of a time when you heard a piece of music and wanted to cry. Or maybe your dizziness struck as you emerged from a narrow side street in an unfamiliar city. There you found yourself in a beautiful town square as if in a fantasy. They probably stimulated a sudden awakening, much like the shock from a lungful of pure oxygen after breathing in smoggy air. If you are among the people who feel that the arts are pure pleasures to experience and participate in, you might see them as a luxury item, while a preferable attitude is to treat the arts less like a distracting pleasure, and more like exercise or sleep, a necessity. Then draw up a schedule of your art exposure journey, and gradually weave the arts into your everyday life. 1．What prevents people from enjoying the arts according to the text? A．Lack of interest. B．Avoidance of duty. C．Shortage of time. D．Art space inaccessibility. 2．What can we learn about the role of the arts according to the text? A．They explore mysteries of life. B．They spark emotional responses. C．They enhance physical well-being. D．They offer a getaway from daily life. 3．What will probably be talked about in the following paragraph? A．Barriers to combine the arts and life. B．Benefits of engaging with the arts. C．Forms of distracting pleasures. D．Ways to integrate the arts into daily routine. 4．Which is the most suitable title for the text? A．The Arts Journey: Refreshing Soul B．The Arts Pursuit: Transforming Dull into Full C．Embracing the Arts: From Luxury to Necessity D．Connecting with the Arts: From Reality to Fantasy 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了人们因日常责任而缺少时间享受艺术，但应将艺术视为必需品融入生活。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The mismatch can boil down to the fact that we are weighed down by our day-to-day responsibilities, leaving our schedule packed.(这种不匹配可以归结为一个事实，即我们被日常责任压得喘不过气来，使得我们的日程安排得很满)”可知，是缺少时间阻止了人们享受艺术。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Think of a time when you heard a piece of music and wanted to cry. Or maybe your dizziness struck as you emerged from a narrow side street in an unfamiliar city. There you found yourself in a beautiful town square as if in a fantasy. They probably stimulated a sudden awakening, much like the shock from a lungful of pure oxygen after breathing in smoggy air.(想想你听到一首音乐想哭的时候。或者，当你从一个陌生城市的狭窄小巷中走出来时，你可能会感到头晕目眩。在那里，你发现自己置身于一个美丽的城市广场，仿佛置身于幻想之中。它们可能刺激了突然的觉醒，就像在吸入烟雾弥漫的空气后，吸入满满一口纯氧所带来的震撼一样)”可知，艺术能激起情感反应。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Then draw up a schedule of your art exposure journey, and gradually weave the arts into your everyday life.(然后制定一个你的艺术接触之旅的时间表，逐渐把艺术融入你的日常生活)”可推知，下文可能会讲述把艺术融入日常生活的方法。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据最后一段中“If you are among the people who feel that the arts are pure pleasures to experience and participate in, you might see them as a luxury item, while a preferable attitude is to treat the arts less like a distracting pleasure, and more like exercise or sleep, a necessity.(如果你觉得艺术是一种纯粹的乐趣，可以去体验和参与，那么你可能会把它们视为奢侈品，而更好的态度是把艺术不那么看作是一种分散注意力的乐趣，而更多地看作是锻炼或睡眠，是一种必需品)”，并结合文章主要讲述了人们因日常责任而缺少时间享受艺术，但应将艺术视为必需品融入生活。可知，C选项“拥抱艺术：从奢侈品到必需品”最符合文章标题。故选C。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·山西省·期中） No pain, no gain, as the old exercise saying goes. But how much pain do you have to bear to benefit from training? That depends on what you’re trying to achieve, fitness experts say. For years, some trainers have instructed gym-goers that to get the best results, they need to train until failure, meaning until they cannot physically do one more repetition or exercise. Some recent studies, however, suggest this extreme rule may only benefit certain people. “If somebody wants to increase muscle (肌肉) mass as much as they possibly can, then training to failure is something to consider.” said Michael Zourdos, chair of exercise science and health promotion at Florida Atlantic University. Zourdos and his colleagues found that training until failure may build bigger muscles, but isn’t needed to increase strength. He said people who work out hard, but don’t push themselves to the state of being totally tired out, will still likely improve their health and fitness. “There is a difference between training for health and training for excellent performance,” he said. He also said failure training often comes at a cost, since people working to that standard might be so tired that they have no energy to join their next gym training or two. In extremely rare instances, overdoing it can be harmful, leading to a potentially fatal condition called rhabdomyolysis, where damaged muscles begin to break down, possibly causing kidney (肾脏) damage. James Fisher, a sports science expert and consultant in Southampton, England, said whatever your fitness goal was, the concept of failure training could be applied into your workout. But people should then rest the muscle group they trained for roughly two days, he said. For people who have more experience, experts recommend saving the failure training for occasional workouts, or on the last set of exercises in their training. “It’s not meant to be for every person, every time they work out,” Fisher said. “This is a tough way to exercise.” 1．What is the function of the saying in the first paragraph? A．To give examples. B．To lead in the topic. C．To make comparisons. D．To provide an argument. 2．What does the author want to show by mentioning rhabdomyolysis? A．The harm of failure training. B．The benefit of eating healthily. C．The importance of bigger muscles. D．The necessity of training in a gym. 3．What did James Fisher advise people to do after they train to failure? A．Try lifting weights at once. B．Have their kidney checked. C．Look for an excellent trainer. D．Rest for about two days. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．How Hard Should You Train? B．How Often Should You Do Exercise? C．How Can You Improve Your Health? D．How Do You Lose Weight in a Healthy Way? 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了训练到力竭的利弊以及如何合理安排训练强度。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“No pain, no gain, as the old exercise saying goes. But how much pain do you have to bear to benefit from training? That depends on what you’re trying to achieve, fitness experts say.(俗话说，不劳无获。但为了从训练中受益，你必须承受多少痛苦呢？这取决于你想要达到的目标，健身专家说。)”可推知，这句话用于引出话题，讨论训练的强度和目标。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第五段“In extremely rare instances, overdoing it can be harmful, leading to a potentially fatal condition called rhabdomyolysis, where damaged muscles begin to break down, possibly causing kidney (肾脏) damage.(在极少数情况下，过度训练可能是有害的，导致一种可能致命的情况，称为横纹肌溶解症，受损的肌肉开始分解，可能导致肾脏损伤。)”可推知，作者提到横纹肌溶解症是为了说明过度训练的危害。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“But people should then rest the muscle group they trained for roughly two days, he said.(他说，人们应该让他们训练的肌肉群休息大约两天。)”可知，James Fisher建议人们在训练到力竭后休息大约两天。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，尤其是第一段“But how much pain do you have to bear to benefit from training? That depends on what you’re trying to achieve, fitness experts say.(但为了从训练中受益，你必须承受多少痛苦呢？健身专家说，这取决于你想要达到的目标。)”可知，主要讨论了训练到力竭的利弊以及如何合理安排训练强度，最佳标题为“你应该多努力地训练？”故选A。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高二上·山西省阳泉市·期中） With the development of our society, cellphones have become a common part in our lives. Have you ever run into a careless cellphone user in the street? Maybe they were busy talking, texting or checking updates on WeChat without looking at what was going on around them. As the number of this new "species" of human has kept rising, they have been given a new name—phubbers (低头族). Recently a cartoon created by students from China Central Academy of Fine Arts put this group of people under the spotlight. In the short film, phubbers with various social identities bury themselves in their phones. A doctor plays with his cellphone while letting his patient die. A pretty woman takes a selfie (自拍) in front of a car accident site. And a father loses his child without knowing about it while using his mobile phone. A chain of similar events will finally lead to the destruction(毁灭) of the world. Although the ending of the film sounds unrealistic, the damage phubbing can bring is real. Your health is the first to bear the effect and the result of it. "Always bending your head to check your cellphone could damage your neck," Guangming Daily quoted doctors' words. "The neck is like a rope that breaks after long-term stretching." Also, staring at cellphones for a long time will damage your eyesight gradually, according to the report. But that's not all. Being a phubber could also damage your social skills and drive you away from your friends and family. When getting together with family or friends, many people prefer to play their cellphones while others are chatting happily with each other and this creates a strange atmosphere, Qilu Evening News reported. It can also cost your life. There have been lots of reports on phubbers who fell to their death, suffered accidents, and were robbed of their cellphones in broad daylight. 1．Why does the author give the example of a cartoon in Paragraph 2? A．To suggest phubbers will destroy the world. B．To call for people to go walking without phones. C．To tell people the bad effects of phubbing. D．To advise students to create more cartoons like this. 2．According to the passage, what risks may a phubber have? ① Destructing the world. ② Affecting his social skills. ③ Damaging his neck and eyesight. ④ Getting separated from his friends and family. A．①②④ B．②③④ C．①③④ D．①②③④ 3．What's the author's attitude towards phubbing? A．Supportive. B．Confident. C．Disapproving. D．Unconcerned. 4．What will be talked about in the following paragraph? A．Ways to avoid the risks of phubbing. B．Bad effects of phubbing. C．Daily life of phubbers. D．Behaviours of phubbers. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．A 【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要以当今社会盛行的“低头族”现象为切入点，说明过度使用手机带来的不良后果和危害。 1．推理判断题。文章第二段通过一部卡通片展示了人们因看手机而造成的悲剧,目的是告诉人们低头玩手机造成的不良影响；同时本段最后一句“A chain of similar events will finally lead to the destruction(毁灭) of the world.”（一连串类似的事件最终将导致破坏(毁灭)。），也能说明作者以此举例的目的是为了说明“低头族”的危害。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中"Always bending your head to check your cellphone could damage your neck"（总是低头看手机会伤到脖子）和"Also, staring at cellphones for a long time will damage your eyesight gradually"（此外，长时间盯着手机会逐渐损害你的视力）以及第四段第二句"Being a phubber could also damage your social skills and drive you away from your friends and family."（低头族还会损害你的社交技能，让你远离朋友和家人），可知低头族可能有的风险有：损害脖子和视力; 影响社交技能; 与家人、朋友分离。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。通读全文,再根据最后一段第一句“It can also cost your life.”（它也会让你付出生命的代价。）可推断,作者对低头玩手机这一行为的态度是反对的。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。本文属于社会热点类的议论文，论述“低头族”的危害后，还要针对这一现象提出解决应对的办法。文章讲述了低头族带来的一些坏影响, 所以接下来应该讲“如何避免低头玩手机的危险”。故选A项。 【点睛】在解答观点态度题时，要注意把握住能够表示作者好恶的形容词及副词，通过相关词汇及短语，了解作者观点态度。比如本篇第三题，问到对于“低头族”的看法，文章是通过一系列的单词和短语来表达作者的态度的，比如“damage your neck”，“damage your social skills”，“damage your eyesight”等表示负面后果的一些短语，所以能够很容易地判断作者的对于“低头族”是不支持的。故选C项。 Passage 4 （24-25高二上·陕西省·期中） From now on, never spend your precious time thinking of reasons for your failures and shortcomings. Instead, realize that the seeds of success were planted within you when you were born. Only you have the power to make those seeds grow. The seeds, and the power to grow them, are contained in the most awesome machine ever created: the human mind. Success is a choice and not a chance. You were born a winner. You were born rich. You can be a success if only you make the right choice. You cannot be successful without first developing your self-respect. Your level of self-respect is always based on the degree of control that you are able to exercise over yourself, and thus over your life. People with low self-respect are people who do not believe that they have any power, or responsibility for their lives. They are the long-term victims. They are leaves tossed (摇摆) by the winds of chance, blown about with any sudden change in the weather. You can exercise control over your life only to the degree that you believe that you are responsible for everything that happens in your life. Failures think that everything happens by accident and chance. Successful people realize that they are responsible. Everything happens as a result of something. If we can identify the cause, we can control the effect. We are responsible for what we choose to think and believe. One generally rises to the level that one expects. We are responsible for setting our expectations. Our success is dependent upon our level of confidence. If you associate with positive-thinking people, you are definitely going to achieve success. On the contrary, the opposite happens. We are responsible for finding, planting, and nursing the seeds that contain future victory, born from setbacks. In short, in all areas of your life, whether they are financial, physical, emotional, or spiritual, you are responsible. Once you recognize this, accept it, and firmly believe it, you are on the road to success. 1．Why are people with low self-respect compared to leaves? A．They are ready to change their minds. B．They are easily affected by windy weather. C．They don’t have the power to face their fate. D．They can’t exercise control over themselves. 2．What can be concluded from paragraph 5? A．Whether we will succeed depends on our attitudes. B．One’s expectation is the key to future success. C．Thoughts and beliefs are the result of creative mind. D．Setting our expectations is essential before taking action. 3．What’s the function of the last paragraph? A．The proof of the author’s points. B．The conclusion of the argument. C．An introduction to another topic. D．A comparison between two views. 4．Which is the best title for the text? A．The secrets of success B．Develop our confidence C．Success is a choice D．How to achieve success 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了成功是一种选择而非机会，强调要培养自尊、对生活负责，指出人们的态度决定是否成功。 1．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Your level of self-respect is always based on the degree of control that you are able to exercise over yourself, and thus over your life. People with low self-respect are people who do not believe that they have any power, or responsibility for their lives. They are the long term victims. They are leaves tossed (摇摆) by the winds of chance, blown about with any sudden change in the weather.(你的自尊水平总是基于你对自己，进而对自己生活的控制程度。自尊心低的人不相信自己对自己的生活有任何力量或责任。他们是长期的受害者。他们就像被命运之风摇摆的树叶，随着天气的突然变化而四处飘荡)”可知，树叶随风摇摆，随着天气的突然变化而四处飘荡，无法掌控自己的命运，由此可知，自尊心低的人被比作树叶是因为他们也不能掌控自己。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第五段中“We are responsible for what we choose to think and believe. One generally rises to the level that one expects. We are responsible for setting our expectations. Our success is dependent upon our level of confidence.(我们要为自己选择的想法和信仰负责。一个人通常会达到自己期望的水平。我们要为设定自己的期望负责。我们的成功取决于我们的信心水平)”可知，我们是否成功取决于我们对责任的态度。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。通读全文，结合最后一段“In short, in all areas of your life, whether they are financial, physical, emotional, or spiritual, you are responsible. Once you recognize this, accept it, and firmly believe it, you are on the road to success.(简而言之，在你生活的所有领域，无论是经济、身体、情感还是精神方面，你都要负责。一旦你认识到这一点，接受它，并坚定地相信它，你就走上了成功之路)”中“In short(简而言之)”可推知，这是对前文论述内容的总结。故选B项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第二段中“Success is a choice and not a chance. You were born a winner. You were born rich. You can be a success if only you make the right choice.(成功是一种选择，而不是机会。你生来就是赢家。你生来就富有。只要你做出正确的选择，你就能成功)”和最后一段“In short, in all areas of your life, whether they are financial, physical, emotional, or spiritual, you are responsible. Once you recognize this, accept it, and firmly believe it, you are on the road to success.(简而言之，在你生活的所有领域，无论是经济、身体、情感还是精神方面，你都要负责。一旦你认识到这一点，接受它，并坚定地相信它，你就走上了成功之路)”可知，文章主要论述成功是一种选择，强调要培养自尊、对生活负责，指出人们的态度决定是否成功。故C项“Success is a choice(成功是一种选择)”最适合做文章标题。故选C项。 主题03 人与自然——环境保护 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·山西省·期中） The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has announced the first-ever limits on PFAS, also known as forever chemicals, in drinking water. The agency says that the new rule will protect 100 million Americans from six PFAS known to cause a host of health problems. “I support the decision,” says Susan M. Pinney, director of the Center for Environmental Genetics at the University of Cincinnati. “It’s in line with what we know about the health effects of PFAS.” But while public health experts approve of the new rule, they think that getting forever chemicals out of our drinking water will be a demanding task given the great quantity of PFAS found in it along with the difficulty in removing them. And it may come at a cost to consumers. The downside of the new rule is the cost of employing the technology to fix the problem. The EPA guesses that between 6 and 10 percent of the nation’s 66,000 public drinking water systems may have to make changes to their infrastructure (基础设施) in order to follow the new rule. Eleven states already limit PFAS levels but many will still have to make operational changes if their levels are above the national limit. The first task, Pinney says, should be determining the source of pollution to prevent it from entering the water system — which is cheaper and easier than removing pollution that’s already there. The EPA estimates the annual cost at about $1.5 billion but Chris Moody, from the American Water Works Association (AWWA), thinks it’s been vastly underestimated. In a report last year, AWWA estimated the implementation (执行) budget at close to $3.8 billion. What will that mean for the water bill? Moody says the cost burden depends on the size of your local water treatment facility. “Small systems just don’t have the economy of scale (规模经济) so the cost is much higher per household,” he says. While the EPA has only put strict limits on six PFAS based on a lot of scientific evidence, thousands more are still in the environment. The hope is that once new infrastructure is in place it will also remove many of those chemicals that haven’t yet been banned. 1．What is the primary goal of the EPA’s new rule? A．To protect public health by reducing exposure to PFAS. B．To identify health problems caused by PFAS. C．To monitor PFAS levels in drinking water. D．To limit PFAS use in industry. 2．What should be the first step in addressing PFAS in drinking water according to Susan M. Pinney? A．Establishing national standards for PFAS levels. B．Making operational changes to water facilities. C．Counting PFAS-polluted water systems. D．Identifying the origin of pollution. 3．What is the water bill closely related to according to Chris Moody? A．The AWWA’s level of support. B．The accuracy of the EPA’s estimates. C．The size of the local water treatment systems. D．The local economic performance over the past year. 4．What does the EPA expect of the new infrastructure? A．It’ll put stricter limits on the six known PFAS. B．It’ll remove many PFAS chemicals still allowed. C．It’ll be more environmentally friendly. D．It’ll be put into use as soon as possible. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了美国环境保护局（EPA）对饮用水中全氟和多氟化合物（PFAS）的限制标准，并围绕这一主题展开了相关讨论，包括新规的利弊、成本估算以及对未来影响的展望等。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The Environmental Protection Agency(EPA)has announced the first-ever limits on PFAS, also known as forever chemicals, in drinking water. The agency says that the new rule will protect 100 million Americans from six PFAS known to cause a host of health problems.(美国环境保护局（EPA）宣布了对饮用水中全氟和多氟化合物（PFAS），也被称为“永恒化学物”的首个限制标准。该机构表示，这项新规将为1亿美国民众免受六种已知会引发多种健康问题的PFAS的侵害提供保障。)”可知，，EPA的新规定的主要目标是减少公众对PFAS的暴露，以保护公众健康。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The first task, Pinney says, should be determining the source of pollution to prevent it from entering the water system—which is cheaper and easier than removing pollution that’s already there.( Pinney说，首要任务应是确定污染源，防止其进入供水系统——这比去除已存在的污染更便宜、更容易。)”可知，确定污染源是解决饮用水中PFAS问题的第一步。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“What will that mean for the water bill? Moody says the cost burden depends on the size of your local water treatment facility.(那么，这将如何影响水费呢？Moody表示，成本负担取决于当地水处理设施的规模。)”可知，Moody认为水费与当地水处理系统的规模密切相关。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“While the EPA has only put strict limits on six PFAS based on a lot of scientific evidence, thousands more are still in the environment. The hope is that once new infrastructure is in place it will also remove many of those chemicals that haven’t yet been banned.(虽然美国环境保护局仅基于大量科学证据对六种PFAS设定了严格限制，但环境中仍有数千种PFAS存在。人们希望，一旦新的基础设施建成，还能去除许多尚未被禁止的化学物质。)”可知，美国环境保护局期望新的基础设施能够去除许多虽然目前仍被允许但可能对环境和健康有害的PFAS化学物质。故选B。 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $