专题03 阅读理解（说明文）（期中真题汇编，陕晋青宁专用） 高二英语上学期

专题02 阅读理解 说明文 主题01 人与社会——社会现象 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·陕西省西安·期中） Below is a selection from a popular science book. If blood is red, why are veins blue? Actually, veins are not blue at all. They are more of a clear, yellowish color. Although blood looks red when it’s outside the body, when it’s sitting in the vein near the surface of the skin, it’s more of a dark reddish purple color. At the right depth, these blood-filled veins reflect less red light than the surrounding skin, making them look blue by comparison.     Which works harder, you heart or your brain? This question depends on whether you’re busy thinking or busy exercising. Your heart works up to three times harder during exercise, and shifts enough blood over a lifetime to fill a supertanker. But, in the long run, your brain probably tips it, because even when you’re sitting still your brain is using twice as much energy as your heart, and it takes four to five times as much blood to feed it. Do old people shrink as they age? Yes and no. Many people do get shorter as they age. But, when they do, it isn’t because they’re shrinking all over. They lose height as their spine becomes shorter and more curved due to disuse and the effect of gravity. Many (but not all) men and women do lose height as they get older. Men lose an average of 3-4 cm in height as they age, while women may lose 5 cm or more. If you live to be 200 years old, would you keep shrinking till you were, like 60 cm tall, like a little boy again? No, because old people don’t really shrink! It is not that they are growing backwards - their legs, arms and backbones getting shorter. When they do get shorter, it’s because the spine has shortened a little. Or, more often, it has become more bent and curved. Why does spinning make you dizzy? Because your brain gets confused between what you’re seeing and what you’re feeling. The brain senses that you’re spinning using special gravity and motion sensing organs in your inner ear, which work together with your eyes to keep your vision and balance stable. But when you suddenly stop spinning, the system goes out of control, and your brain thinks you’re moving while you’re not. 1．What is the color of blood in a vein near the surface of the skin? A．Blue. B．Light yellow. C．Red. D．Dark reddish purple. 2．Why do some old people look a little shrunken as they age? A．Because their spine is in active use. B．Because they are more easily affected by gravity. C．Because they keep growing backwards. D．Because their spine becomes more bent. 3．What is the main purpose of the selection? A．To give advice on how to stay healthy. B．To provide information about our body. C．To challenge new findings in medical research. D．To report the latest discoveries in medical science. Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·山西省阳泉市·期中） Wake up energetically at 6 am, exercise for over an hour after freshening up, and study productively throughout the day. This daily routine is frequently featured in vlogs on social media with the theme of “self-discipline (自律)”. But when trying out such a schedule, many of us may feel worn out. Is it just because we are lazy? Why do some people seem to have so much energy? Genetic (遗传的) differences, to start with, can significantly influence our energy levels. A tiny part in our DNA called SNPs can help to explain 8.4 percent of fatigue (疲劳) cases, according to a 2018 study. A study published in the journal Nature reported that, in general, genes affect tiredness by an amount ranging from 6 to 50 percent. Nevertheless, there’s a whole lot more you can explore about your energy levels. The food you eat gives you energy. However, there’s an often-ignored element - vitamin D．A study published in 2019 in the journal Nutrients noted that older adults with reduced vitamin D levels experienced fatigue more than those with normal levels. You can get a sufficient amount of it by sunbathing or consuming enough Vitamin-D-rich foods, such as fish, eggs and milk. Another analysis published in Nutrients found that eating foods high in saturated fat is linked to excessive daytime sleepiness. These foods probably include some of your favorites: butter, cheese, ice cream and fried foods. Even if a workout leaves you sweaty and out of breath, exercise can actually increase your energy. “When you exercise, you release hormones like adrenaline (肾上腺素),” Sabrena Jo, an expert at the American Council on Exercise, told the Health website. “This hormone actually tells our bodies to ignore feelings of pain and fatigue while strengthening blood flow to large muscles.” This “excitement” in your body can last for several hours. Exercise helps, but only to a point. Those who exercise too frequently may experience negative impacts on their energy levels. It’s also important to note that low energy levels could be your body’s way of telling you that you have an underlying problem. Iron shortage and anemia (贫血) are two examples of health conditions that can increase fatigue. 1．Why do some people seem to have more energy than others, according to the text? A．They are strict with themselves. B．They follow a disciplined routine. C．They are born naturally energetic. D．They have more SNPs to stay active. 2．What kind of foods tend to make us feel tired, according to the text? A．Foods rich in saturated fat. B．Foods high in Vitamin D． C．Foods low in protein. D．Foods high in sugar. 3．What can be inferred about the effect of exercise on our energy levels? A．It reduces the body’s need for rest. B．It slows down the release of adrenaline. C．It constantly boosts our energy levels. D．It can lead to exhaustion if done too often. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．Methods for keeping a healthy lifestyle. B．Factors influencing our energy levels. C．Reasons for varying sleep patterns. D．The benefits of exercise and a good diet. Passage 3 （24-25学年高二上·山西省太原市·期中） College professors these days face an ever - higher bar to draw the attention of their students, forced to compete with the smartphones and laptops in large lecture halls. But when your professor is a social media star, it’s a little bit easier. Tatiana Erukhimova, who teaches physics at Texas A & M University, has managed to get her students, as well as future generations, excited about the science. Known as “Dr. Tatiana” to her students and online fan base, the professor performs physics tricks with endless energy and enthusiasm. Videos of her theatrical demonstrations have got hundreds of millions of views across social media platforms. In the kid - friendly videos, Erukhimova uses a range of everyday objects in her experiments, from pingpong balls and toilet paper to sweets, bicycle wheels and hair dryers. Her department’s online page has about 2.5 million subscribers. It’s clear that she knows what it takes to get young people excited about a hard science. But it wasn’t always that way. When she first started teaching college freshman classes almost two decades ago, she struggled to attract the attention of her younger students. Fortunately, by the second semester, she found her footing, tweaking her approach to get her students interested in her classes. She’s earned more than just recognition on social media. In October, she was honored with a national award for science outreach for leadership in bringing the excitement of physics through innovative education programs, including the well-attended annual TAMU Physics and Engineering Festival and the highly popular physics videos on social media. As a leader in a STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) field in which women are underrepresented, she’s become a role model for some. Afiya Dhanani attended TAMU after seeing Erukhimova’s videos online. “Watching Dr. Tatiana do the experiments online, especially since she was a female leader, was more inspiring for me to even go into physics,” Dhanani said. 1．How does Tatiana make her students focus on her classes? A．By connecting abstract concepts with real life. B．By stopping students bringing phones to class. C．By adding interesting videos from the Internet. D．By making herself approachable and easygoing. 2．What does the underlined word “tweaking” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Understanding. B．Continuing. C．Recording. D．Changing. 3．What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A．Tatiana’s family life. B．Tatiana’s achievements. C．Ways to celebrate festivals. D．Education programs in TAMU. 4．What does Dhanani want to tell us in the last paragraph? A．She wanted to become a role model. B．She inspired others to learn physics. C．Tatiana has a positive impact on her. D．Tatiana has been very strict with her. 主题02 人与自我—— 生存与发展 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·山西省晋中市·期中） Like so many other good things in life, sleep is best at a right length. A multi-year study of older adults found that both short and long sleepers experienced greater cognitive (认知的) decline than people who slept a proper amount, even when the effects of early Alzheimer’s disease were taken into account. “Our study suggests that there is a middle range, or ‘sweet spot’, for total sleep time where cognitive performance is stable over time. Short and long sleep time is associated with worse cognitive performance,” said first author Brendan Lucey, an associate professor of the Washington University Sleep Medicine Center. “An unanswered question is if we can intervene (干预) to improve sleep, would that have a positive effect on their cognitive performance so they no longer decline? We need more further data to answer this question.” Lucey and colleagues turned to volunteers who participated in Alzheimer’s studies through the university’s Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center. Such volunteers experienced annual clinical and cognitive assessments, and provided a blood sample to be tested. For this study, each participant slept with a tiny EEG monitor attached to their heads for four to six nights to measure their brain activities during sleep. The researchers found a U-shaped relationship between sleep and cognitive decline. Overall, cognitive scores declined for the groups that slept less than 4.5 or more than 6.5 hours per night while scores stayed stable for those in the middle of the range. The U-shaped relationship held true for measures of specific sleep stages, including rapid-eye movement (REM) sleep and non-REM sleep. Moreover, the same is true even after considering the factors that can affect both sleep and cognition, such as age, sex, levels of Alzheimer’s proteins. “It was particularly interesting to see that not only those with short amounts of sleep but also those with long amounts of sleep had more cognitive decline,” said Professor Beau M. Ances. “Each person’s sleep needs are unique, and people who wake up feeling rested on short or long sleep schedules should not feel forced to change their habits,” said co-senior author David Holtzman, MD．“But those who are not sleeping well should be aware that sleep problems often can be treated.” 1．What is the passage mainly about? A．The good things in life. B．The benefits of best sleep. C．The effects of Alzheimer’s disease. D．The influence of sleep time on cognition. 2．According to the passage, which sleep time is suitable? A．4 hours. B．6 hours. C．7 hours. D．7.5 hours 3．What can we know about U-shaped relationship? A．Cognition is related to different sleep stages. B．The sleep time has no connection with cognitive scores. C．The longer sleep time is, the higher cognitive scores are. D．It no longer exists when age, sex, and so on are considered. 4．What does David Holtzman’s words imply? A．Quality of a person’s sleep is the key. B．People on short sleep schedules must change their habits. C．Long time sleepers do not have cognitive decline. D．Both long time and short time sleepers have sleep problems. Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·陕西省西安·期中） A French cook is preparing foods with something surprising insects. The European Union has recently approved some sorts of insects as an tolerable food product. Insects provide many nutrients and are an environmentally friendly food. The food Laurent Veyet prepares is not for those with little bravery. However, what he is preparing may point to the future of feeding a growing world population. One of his foods is a prawn salad with yellow mealworms. It includes insects on a bed of vegetables with grasshoppers covered in chocolate, a food usually meant for sweets. The restaurant is located in Paris among others with outdoor seating and plenty of sunlight. Eaters who are ready to try something different approve of Veyet’s complex foods. The Parisian cook talked about the perfect meal for first-timers. He was preparing a pasta made with crushed mealworms, sweet potatoes and young insects cooked on the stove. He said, “There are some really interesting flavors. Not many people could say they don’t like that.” Mealworms, and insects more generally, could provide a sustainable food source that produces low greenhouse gases for the future. Soheil Ayari was eating with his two daughters. He approved of the food. He said, “I feel like I am in a traditional restaurant.” He said only the idea behind what he ate was different. He continued to say, “and honestly, the tastes are very similar to traditional food.” Ayari’s young daughter also enjoyed the food: “it’s environmentally friendly and, what’s more, it’s good.” Veyet grows his mealworms on site. He feeds them cooked grains and vegetables. While the mealworm may not look like something worth eating, it is in fact the larvae of the darkling beetle. These beetles are rich in protein, fat and other nutrients. The mealworm can be used in many different meals. It can be cooked whole and eaten, or it can be ground to help make foods like bread. 1．What does the underlined word “tolerable” in the first paragraph probably mean? A．Original. B．Acceptable. C．Typical. D．Instant. 2．What can we infer from Paragraph 2? A．Insects may be a source of the main food for human beings in the future. B．Various of insects may not be on the table in the future. C．Insects has been the main food for people nowadays. D．Insect breeding has become a huge industry. 3．How does the cook feel about his insect food according to Paragraph 3? A．Skeptical. B．Confident. C．Unacceptable. D．Disappointed. 4．What is the purpose of the passage? A．To introduce a surprising insect food. B．To stress the advantages of insect food. C．To appeal for acceptance of insect food. D．To discuss methods of cooking insect food. Passage 3 （24-25学年高二上·山西省·期中） Drinking some alcohol (酒) was once thought to have benefits for the heart, but better research methods have thrown cold water on that. “Drinking less is a great way to be healthier,” said Dr. Timothy Naimi, who directs the Canadian Institute for Substance Use Research at the University of Victoria in British Columbia. Guidelines vary a lot from country to country but the overall trend is toward drinking less. The United Kingdom, France, Denmark, Holland and Australia recently reviewed new evidence and lowered their alcohol consumption recommendations. Ireland will require cancer warning labels on alcohol starting in 2026. “People of my age are way more accepting of it,” said Tessa Weber, 28, of Austin, Texas. She stopped drinking this year because she’d noticed alcohol was increasing her anxiety. She liked the results — better sleep, more energy — and has stuck with it. “It’s good to reevaluate your relationship with alcohol,” Weber said. How many drinks can you have per day? That depends. Drinking raises the risk of several types of cancer, including colon, liver, breast and mouth and throat. Alcohol breaks down in the body into a substance called acetaldehyde, which can damage your cells and stop them from repairing themselves. That creates the conditions for cancer to grow. “Thousands of US deaths per year could be prevented if people followed the government’s dietary guidelines, which advise men to limit themselves to two drinks or fewer per day and women to one drink or fewer per day,” Naimi said. One drink is the equivalent of about one12 - ounce (盎司) can of beer, a 5 - ounce glass of wine or a shot of liquor. Naimi served on an advisory committee that wanted to lower the recommendation for men to one drink per day. That advice was considered and rejected when the federal recommendations came out in 2020. “The simple message that’s best supported by the evidence is that, if you drink, less is better when it comes to health,” Naimi said. 1．What is Tessa Weber’s attitude to the new guideline on alcohol drinking? A．Positive. B．Doubtful. C．Unconcerned. D．Unclear. 2．What do we know about acetaldehyde? A．It encourages people to drink less. B．It benefits the repairs of heart cells. C．It keeps alcohol from breaking down. D．It contributes to the growth of cancer. 3．How much alcohol is a man recommended to drink at most per day by the US government? A．A 5-ounce glass of wine. B．A-6-ounce can of beer. C．A 10-ounce glass of wine. D．A 12-ounce can of beer. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．New Research on Types of Cancer B．Alcoholics Are on the Rise in the US C．Risks and Benefits of Drinking Alcohol D．Less Alcohol Is Better for Health 主题03人与自然——自然与环保 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·陕西省咸阳市·期中） Red pandas live in high-altitude, mild forests where they prefer to be near water and have access to bamboo. They are mostly active at dusk and dawn, and they sleep during most of the day. They rely on the trees for shelter, to escape from predators (捕食者), and to sunbathe in the winter. About 98% of a red panda’s diet is bamboo. They need a lot of it to survive — around 2 kilograms each day. However, finding enough bamboo is difficult as the red panda’s habitat becomes smaller. When people move into the red panda’s area, they clear forests for housing and commercial development, farming and mining. Natural disasters such as landslides, floods; heavy snow and rainfall have also destroyed their habitats. Forest fires, invasive (侵入的) plant species, and issues with bamboo flowering (including the death of the plant) have similarly had effects on the red panda’s habitat. Species of bamboo are affected by forest fires and other environmental changes. As people move into the area, they often collect bamboo, leaving less for red pandas to eat. Although the red panda is endangered, steps are being made to save the species and its habitat. According to the IUCN, China has 46 protected areas, covering about 65% of the species’ habitat in the country. There are at least 19 protected areas in India, five in Bhutan and three in Myanmar. The Red Panda Network is a nonprofit organization that protects red pandas and their habitat. They work with local community groups to establish wildlife feeding centers, train forest protectors to raise awareness about red pandas, and work with villagers to establish protected areas. The WWF is also working to protect red pandas and their habitats. Because more than a third of the potential habitat is in Nepal, the group works with yak herders (牦牛牧民) and other groups there to lower their effect on the red panda’s habitat. 1．Why is it challenging for red pandas to find enough food? A．Bamboo is not good enough. B．They are not active hunters. C．Their habitats are becoming smaller. D．There is a lack of water in their habitat. 2．What do the data in paragraph 4 mainly show? A．Global efforts to protect red pandas. B．Serious situations faced by red pandas. C．India’s deep protection of rare wildlife. D．China’s advantage in keeping red pandas. 3．What does the Red Panda Network do to protect red pandas? A．Force yak herders to move away. B．Advocate people to adopt them. C．Cooperate with local experts to do research. D．Work with communities to build wildlife feeding centers. 4．What’s a suitable title for this text? A．The Key Points of Red Pandas’ Survival. B．The Influence of Natural Disasters on Bamboo. C．The Threat and Protection of Red Pandas. D．The Reason for the Disappearance of Bamboo. Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·山西省吕梁市·期中） Over the years, movies and books have used tornadoes to sweep their characters off to magical lands, to destroy entire cities, or to defeat a superhero’s dangerous super villain (恶棍). All of these tornadoes have one thing in common: They are incredibly powerful. They can have wind speeds over 300 miles per hour (mph), grow over a mile wide, and travel over 50 miles. They are incredibly dangerous and should be avoided at all costs. Scientists can’t go inside tornadoes, which means that they are extremely hard to research. As a result, we know surprisingly little about them. In order to tell how powerful a tornado is, scientists look at how much destruction it causes. Scientists then rank the tornado on the Enhanced Fujita Scale (级别) (EF-Scale), which ranges from EF0 to EF5. For example, a tornado that only damages trees but doesn’t significantly damage buildings would be rated EFO with wind speeds between 65 and 85 mph. A tornado that blows away buildings and tears up sidewalks, on the other hand, would be rated EF5 with wind speeds over 200 mph. The most powerful tornado in United States history occurred near Oklahoma City in1999. It had wind speeds over 310 mph, the highest wind speed ever recorded on Earth. A tornado with wind speeds that high can not only pick up and throw automobiles, but also knock over trains and tear up roadways. Luckily for anyone living in an area that experiences the occasional tornadoes, they usually only last one to ten minutes. More powerful tornadoes can last over an hour in the right conditions, but they are very rare. If you find yourself experiencing a tornado, find a safe place inside, like an interior hall, basement or closet. Stay away from windows and heavy objects that could fall on you, and lie on your stomach with your hands protecting the back of your head. Having a tornado emergency plan is extremely important as tornadoes can appear very quickly. Make sure to listen to the radio or television to stay updated on serious weather patterns in your area. 1．Which of the following is probably the wind speed of an EF4 tornado? A．65 mph. B．85 mph. C．200 mph. D．310 mph. 2．What can we learn from the example given in paragraph 3? A．Tornadoes can do great harm. B．American cars need developing. C．Oklahoma City had no trains in 1999. D．The strongest tornado occurred in the UK. 3．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．What a tornado is. B．How a tornado forms. C．Tips to survive a tornado. D．How to recognize a tornado. 4．Where is the text most probably taken from? A．A guidebook to the USA． B．An introduction to a historical book. C．A review of famous movies. D．An article on natural disasters. Passage 3 （24-25学年高二上·山西省·期中） Climate change is stressing rainforests where the highly sensitive cocoa bean grows, but chocolate lovers need not despair, say companies that are researching other ways to grow cocoa or develop cocoa substitutes (替代品). California Cultured, a plant cell culture company, is growing cocoa from cell cultures at a facility in West Sacramento, California, with plans to start selling its products next year. It puts cocoa bean cells and sugar water together so they reproduce quickly and reach maturity in a week rather than the six to eight months a traditional harvest takes, said Alan Perlstein, the company’s chief executive. The process also no longer requires as much water or labor. The sales of chocolate candy around the world reached $ 238.5 billion in 2023, research website Statista reported. Sales in the United States alone reached more than $ 25 billion in 2023, the National Confectioners Association said. The price of cocoa rose quickly earlier this year because of demand and troubles with the crop in West Africa due to plant diseases and changes in weather. The region produces the most of the world’s cocoa. The push to produce cocoa indoors in the US comes after other products, such as chicken meat, have already been grown in labs. It also comes as supermarket shelves fill with snack options — something that developers of cocoa alternatives say shows people are ready to try what looks and tastes like a chocolate chip cookie even if the chip contains a cocoa substitute. While some are seeking to create alternative cocoa sources and substitutes, others are trying to improve the supply of cocoa where it naturally grows. Mars, which makes M& Ms and Snickers, has a research facility at University of California, Davis aimed at making cocoa plants more resilient so that they are able to recover more easily and quickly from unpleasant environments, said Joanna Hwu, the company’s senior director of cocoa plant science. The facility hosts a living collection of cocoa trees so scientists can study what makes them resistant to more diseases to help farmers in producing countries and ensure a stable supply of beans. 1．What can we say about products from California Cultured? A．They are produced at a quick speed. B．They have been on sale. C．They require more labor to make. D．They contain no water. 2．What conclusion can we draw from paragraph 3? A．West Africa is facing an economic crisis. B．The worldwide market for chocolate is huge. C．The US produces the most cocoa in the world. D．The supply of chocolate goes beyond its demand. 3．What does the author want to show by mentioning chicken meat? A．A reason for eating less chocolate. B．An inspiration for cocoa substitutes. C．A method of keeping a balanced diet. D．A cause of picking more types of meat. 4．How does Mars deal with the challenge facing cocoa trees? A．By creating their alternatives. B．By growing them somewhere else. C．By increasing their resistance. D．By planting them in large numbers. 主题01 人与社会—— 科学发现 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·陕西省·期中） Experiments on rats show that mixing energy drinks with alcohol can cause long-term problems with cognitive (认知的) function, adding to concerns over young adults drinking habits. The study was carried out by a team from the University of Cagliari, and groups of male adolescent rats being given alcohol, energy drinks, or a mixture of both. Various standard experiments were then used to assess cognitive function - including brain scans and behavioral tests - up to 53 days after drinking. These tests revealed that the animals consuming the mixed drinks showed enduring changes in their ability to learn and remember and changes in the hippocampus (海马体) - a part of the brain responsible for learning and memory. Alcohol and energy drinks are popular with young people for various reasons, and the effects from this study are that these habits could cause some long-term harm. In particular, it seems that hippocampus plasticity could be affected, damaging the brain’s ability to adapt and change in response to new information and demands. While the rats on alcohol and energy drinks initially showed a boost in certain brain functions. these benefits didn’t last, and over time and into adulthood there was a decline in brain capability. The results show that alcohol mixed with energy drinks consumption during the preadoleseent period produces adaptive hippocampal changes at the electrophysiological and molecular levels. associated with changes in behavior, which are already detectable during adolescence and persist in adulthood. These results still need to be confirmed in human studies, and there’re likely differences between sexes due to hormone interactions that weren’t explored in this study. But health concerns over energy drinks are justified. Alcohol has plenty of effects in health, and it’s well-known that mixing the two together in any kind of significant way isn’t the best idea. Overall, the analysis of the whole set of data obtained suggests that alcohol mixed with energy drinks, during adolescence, may have results that are not necessarily the sum of those observed with alcohol or energy drinks alone and permanently affect hippocampal plasticity. 1．How was the study carried out? A．By observing rats’ various behaviors on the spot. B．By comparing rats’ reactions on different occasions. C．By collecting previous data of rats of different kinds D．By measuring the cognitive influences on the tested rats. 2．What does the underlined word “enduring” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Minor. B．Instant. C．Lasting. D．Unnoticeable 3．What can we learn from the study? A．Mixed drinks initially do great damage to rats’ brains. B．Great sex differences have been detected in rats so far. C．Human subjects have not been involved in the process D．The hippocampal and behavioral changes don’t last long. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Adolescent Rats Experimented, Great Concerns Aroused B．More Energy Drinks Consumed, More Health Effects Noted C．Healthy Diet Habits Adopted, Behavioral Patterns Improved D．Energy Drinks Mixed with Alcohol, Brain Functions Affected Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·山西省吕梁·期中） Doing less sitting and more moving is tied to living longer, according to a new study. Replacing 30 minutes per day of sedentary (久坐不动的) time with 30 minutes of physical activity at a light intensity (强度) was associated with a 17% lower risk of early death in a study published in the American Journal of Epidemiology on Monday. The study also found that replacing 30 minutes of sedentary time with 30 minutes of moderate to vigorous (剧烈的) exercise was associated with a 35% lower risk of early death. “If you replace 30 minutes of sitting time with 30 minutes of light-intensity physical activity — so something just like a casual walk down the hall — that still can lower your risk,” said Keith Diaz, a professor at Columbia University Medical Center in New York. “Obviously, it doesn’t lower your risk as much as exercise, or as much as moderate to vigorous physical activity, but it still can lower risk, and to us, that was somewhat of a new finding,” he said. “Any movement for any length of time is going to give you health benefit, and this is really shifting what we know about physical activity.” The study included national data on 7,999 people aged 45 and older who wore activity monitors to track their sedentary time between 2009 and 2013.The researchers used that data to analyze the benefits that could be caused if sedentary time in the data was replaced with physical activity. The researchers found that replacing sitting time with exercise and movement was associated with a benefit, but replacing long periods of sitting with shorter periods of sitting was not. “In our previous work, we found that if you take a break every 30 minutes, it will lower your risk from sitting,” Diaz said, but the new study didn’t show that in the data. “We went deeper into the data to try to understand that more, and why people who took a movement every 30 minutes had a lower risk of death. It’s because they just had more opportunity to move,” he said. 1．Which of the following helps reduce the risk of dying early by 17%? A．A moderate exercise for 30 minutes. B．A vigorous workout for 35 minutes. C．A 30 minutes’ light physical activity. D．A break every 30 minute-long sitting at work 2．What’s Diaz’s opinion about movement? A．The longer the movement is, the better the result is. B．Movements for any length of time are beneficial. C．30 minutes of moderate exercise is the best choice. D．A casual walk down the hall can benefit you greatly. 3．Why did the researchers do further research on the national data? A．To find out the necessity to take a break every 30 minutes. B．To prove the benefit of doing a little bit of physical exercise. C．To understand the proper length of time for physical exercise. D．To know why physical activity every 30 minutes is beneficial. 4．What’s the best title for the text? A．Being way from Sitting Too Long B．Living Longer by Less Sitting and More Moving C．The Significance of Different Levels of Moving D．The Relationship between Early Death and Exercising Passage 3 （24-25学年高二上·青海省·期中） Humans have a positive view of nature. But is this due to an approach we have learned while growing up, or is it something we are born with? The answer is “Both”, according to researchers at the University of Gothenburg and the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences. Our love of nature is highly individual and should influence how we plan our cities, say the researchers. It is well known that nature has a positive effect on people. In cities in particular, studies have shown that trees and other greenery contribute to people’s wellbeing. However, experts do not agree on the reasons behind this phenomenon. Researchers from the University of Gothenburg and the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences have reviewed several studies within this field that examine both innate factors and what individuals experience during their lives, primarily as children. In a Japanese study, subjects were asked to walk in a forest and in a city while their heartbeat was measured. This showed that positive emotions increased in 65% of people while they are walking in a forest. Thus, far from everyone had a positive view of nature. Another environmental psychology study found that research subjects are unconsciously (无意识地) drawn to nature instead of cities, and that this attraction was strengthened in those whose childhood was rich in nature. An additional study on identical and non-identical twins showed that a genetic (遗传的) component influences an individual’s positive or negative relationship with nature. But the study also highlighted the importance of environment in terms of attitudes towards nature. Moreover, nature can mean completely different things to different people. Some enjoy parks with lawns and planted trees, while others prefer being in the wilderness. The researchers believe that this variation is also determined by both genetics and environment. “So it’s important that we don’t standardise nature when planning greenery in our towns and cities,” adds Marcus Hedblom, a researcher at the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and co-author of the article. “We shouldn’t replace wild greenery with a park and assume that it will be good for everyone.” 1．How did the author introduce the topic? A．By bringing up an argument. B．By listing a series of facts. C．By referring to different opinions. D．By asking and answering questions. 2．What does the underlined word “innate” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Social. B．Inborn. C．Extra. D．Unique. 3．What did the Japanese study indicate? A．People had a negative experience in nature. B．People were unconsciously drawn to nature. C．All people didn’t respond to nature positively. D．The feeling toward nature was related to childhood. 4．What is a suitable title for the text? A．Why Do We Love Nature? B．How Do People Feel in Nature? C．What Makes Nature So Powerful? D．Why Is Nature Important to Humans? 主题02 人与自我——丰富完善自我 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·陕西省咸阳市·期中） Sensory-based food education given to 3 — 5-year-old children in the kindergarten increases their willingness to choose vegetables and fruit, according to a new study from the University of Eastern Finland. The researchers used the sensory-based food education method Sapere, which makes use of children’s natural way of relying on all of the five senses when learning new things. In the Sapere method, children are given an active role around food, and they are encouraged to share their sensory experiences. For example, kindergartens can introduce different vegetables and fruit to children. They can involve children in baking and cooking, and they can offer children opportunities to grow their own vegetables in the kindergarten backyard. Food-related themes can also be included in books and games. The researchers compared children in different kindergarten groups. Some were offered sensory-based food education, while others weren’t. Children were offered a snack buffet containing different vegetables and fruit to choose from, and the researchers took photos of their plates to analyse their willingness to choose and eat these food items. The findings show that sensory-based food education increased children’s willingness to choose vegetables and fruit, especially among children whose parents had a lower educational background. On average, children of lower-educated parents tend to eat fewer vegetables and fruit. This is how food education given in the kindergarten can help even out the dietary gap between families. “Another interesting finding is that the Sapere food education method also seems to improve the eating atmosphere in kindergarten groups. This encourages children to choose a more diverse selection on their plates,” explains Kähkönen, who is an expert on health. Positive and personal food-related experiences gained in the kindergarten can help adjust dietary preferences in a direction that is beneficial to health. Dietary preferences learned in early childhood often stick with a person all the way to adolescence and adulthood. 1．What is the main focus of the new study? A．The relation between diet and health. B．The impact of family on food choices. C．The role of kindergartens in food education. D．The effectiveness of Sapere in food education. 2．How did the researchers conduct their research? A．By making a comparison. B．By analyzing the previous cases. C．By interviewing some children. D．By collecting the relevant data. 3．What do the underlined words “even out” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Measure. B．Narrow. C．Analyze. D．Update. 4．What’s Kähkönen’s attitude towards the Sapere method? A．Doubtful. B．Opposed. C．Favorable. D．Unclear. Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·山西省大同市·期中） Words are powerful: they have the ability to lift up the lowest of the low or tear down the highest of the high. But a strong argument could be made that our body language is even more influential. The most effective communication occurs when the importance of body language in teaching is acknowledged. When these nonverbal signals are working together with our words, it creates communication synergy. It has been suggested that two-thirds of our communication is nonverbal. Positive body language in a classroom setting has the ability to motivate, inspire and engage. It can not only give you the confidence you need to teach but can also inform your students that you actually know what you’re talking about. It can even make your students feel safe and confident enough to participate in the lessons more frequently. Most leadership positions encourage body language that shows power and confidence. Signals include standing tall, gesturing only from the waist up, head straight and forward, and talking while pointing to others, which are obvious ways to exercise control. But when teaching, the nonverbal signals need to show a different type of leader. These signals convey warmth and understanding, reminding your students that you are approachable and there to help them grow. For example, fix your eyes on one student for about 15-30 seconds before changing to another student, which is one of the best ways to keep students’ focus. Nod your head. Give the thumbs up! Show them they are on the right path and they will be more confident in continuing down it. The importance of body language can never be ignored. It’s desirable that you should advocate using body language in teaching and pay attention to the use rule and using skills. You should use right, natural and clear body language. It’s crucial that you create good classroom atmosphere, inspire students’ imagination and grasp students’ mood. 1．What can we learn from Paragraph 1? A．Words are more powerful than body language in conveying meaning. B．Nonverbal cues account for only a minor part of the communication. C．Teachers should focus on their verbal expressions rather than their body language. D．Combining body language and spoken communication enhances teaching effectiveness. 2．What do most leadership positions mainly express? A．Warmth. B．Encouragement. C．Understanding. D．Control. 3．What’s the purpose of the last paragraph? A．To give suggestions. B．To make a description. C．To explain a theory. D．To summarize a debate. 4．What is the text mainly talking about? A．The value of teacher-student communication. B．The effective ways of good communication. C．The importance of teacher’s body language. D．The prospect of students’ nonverbal learning. Passage 3 （24-25学年高二上·青海省·期中） A study led by the University of Eastern Finland suggests that teenagers who engage in active school transport (walking/cycling to or from school at least once per week) and leisure-time physical activity perform better at secondary school than their inactive peers (同龄人). Regular leisure-time physical activity was also associated with lower possibilities of school burnout (倦怠). The findings were published in the European Journal of Public Health. The relationship of physical activity and academic achievement is complex. However, previous studies have found that especially school-based physical activity, such as physical education, can improve classroom performance — particularly in mathematics. Despite this, few studies have examined the association between active school transport and educational outcomes. In the recently published study of over 34, 000 teenagers, researchers observed that active school transport was associated with higher chances of high perceived academic performance and self-reported competence in academic skills. Being physically active before school could, for example, enhance concentration in class. The association was even stronger for leisure-time physical activity. Similar to previous studies, the relationship between leisure-time physical activity and mathematical skills stood out. Leisure-time physical activity was also inversely associated (负相关的) with school burnout. As little as 30 minutes of weekly activity was associated with 24% lower possibilities of school burnout. Teenagers who engaged in leisure-time physical activity for 4 to 6 hours a week had 46% lower possibilities of school burnout compared to their physically inactive peers. Both leisure-time physical activity and active school transport were also positively associated with school enjoyment. “To the best of my knowledge, this was the first large-scale study to examine the association between physical activity and school burnout among teenagers. Leisure-time physical activity can be an effective way to disconnect from schoolwork and the potential stress related to it. If schools can increase the amount of leisure-time physical activity among youth, both learning and wellbeing benefits can be significant,” said Juuso Jussila, a Doctoral Researcher at the University of Eastern Finland. 1．Which aspect of the study does paragraph 1 focus on? A．Its purpose. B．Its subjects. C．Its result. D．Its process. 2．According to the text, the relationship between workout and academic performance is ________. A．complex B．clear C．meaningless D．simple 3．How may a student cycling to school perform? A．Feel tired in class. B．Pay more attention in class. C．Be afraid of learning mathematics. D．Be eager to do physical activity. 4．What’s Jussila’s suggestion for schools? A．Asking students to respect teachers. B．Teaching students how to be happy. C．Focusing on improving students’ scores. D．Increasing students’ time for physical activity. 主题03 人与自然—— 自然与环保 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·山西省太原市·期中） Like many things in life, the best results are achieved by working together. This is especially true with plants! The latest research on “companion planting” stresses the importance of viewing our gardens as ecosystems where plants interact with each other to create a healthy, bio-diverse place. Plants actively affect each other through various ways like fungal connections, chemical messaging and resource sharing, which helps attract helpful insects, improve nutrient availability and absorption. When we plant one type of plant in an area, like tomatoes, we create a“monoculture”, which often leads to more pesticides and chemical fertilizers (肥料). However, when we put different plants to grow together, we create a“polyculture,” which leads to biodiversity. It means a more stable environment for vegetables and other plants to grow well by augmenting nutrient cycling, water conservation, pest control and carbon storage. What is modern research-based companion planting? Scientists like to call it inter-planting to make a polyculture for garden benefits. Using science helps us know why and how certain plant combinations work well. Jessica Walliser, author of Plant Partners: Science-Based Companion Planting Strategies for the Vegetable Garden, provides plant pairs that reduce pests, prevent diseases and enrich soil quality. Using science as your guide and gardening with companion plants will help you learn about your own unique corner of the world. Have fun as you try out plant combinations and create a diverse living space outside your door. You’ll look at your garden in a whole new way as you observe the changes in color and texture while enjoying the overall well-being of your garden. 1．What does companion planting refer to according to the latest research? A．Creating colorful gardens. B．Growing more local plants. C．Mixing various interactive plants. D．Using chemicals to aid plant growth. 2．What negative effect can monoculture have on gardens? A．Reduced living space. B．Polluted water quality. C．Increased pests and diseases. D．Enhanced reliance on sunlight. 3．What does the underlined word “augmenting” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Promoting. B．Declining. C．Examining. D．Overcoming. 4．What does Jessica Walliser’s book focus on? A．Tips for soil improvement. B．Ways to plant pairing types. C．Methods for garden designs. D．Approaches to using pesticides. Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·甘肃省兰州市·期中） Within the beautiful scenery of Wisconsin’s Lake Chippewa lies a natural wonder that is a unique challenge for the local community. This hidden wonder is exactly a giant floating island. The island, made up of plants and trees, sometimes floats around the lake, causing a major inconvenience by blocking (阻塞) an important bridge. Later, the local people came up with a solution to this problem. Every year, local boat owners work together and push the island away from the bridge. Lake Chippewa was born in 1923 when a vast bog (沼泽) was changed through flooding. Soon after that, many of the dark bogs started rising to the surface and became perfect growing places for plants, with seeds carried by wind and wild birds to this floating place. Over the years, these bogs have grown plants and trees and turned into full islands. As time goes by, plants take root, and the oldest islands even have trees that act as sails (船帆) when the wind blows, moving the entire floating island around the lake. Although the years-old floating island does not relocate (重新迁移) so often, when it does, it causes trouble for the community by blocking the important bridge that serves as the only passage between the lake’s East and West sides. The only solution is to gather a group of boats, and not just one or two, but dozens of boats working together to push the island away. “It takes a community’s effort, and you must have the winds at your back to push them in,” said a resident. Moving the island also requires precision (精确), as just relocating it a short distance may result in its return within days. Some people have suggested destroying the floating islands to get rid of the problem. However, the big bog in Lake Chippewa has been around for many years, and during that time a variety of animal and plant species have made it their home. Therefore, local government advises they be dealt with in a way that won’t do harm to wildlife, paying more attention to the fine-drawn balance between human convenience and environmental protection. The annual tradition of relocating Lake Chippewa’s floating island is evidence to the coexistence of man and nature, a heartwarming display of community unity, and a reminder of the importance of preserving the unique areas that enrich our world. 1．What does the underlined word “solution” in paragraph 1 refer to? A．Building a new bridge. B．Moving the floating island away. C．Transforming the vast bog. D．Rebuilding the local community. 2．What can we know from paragraph 2? A．The formation of the floating island. B．The history of flooding in Lake Chippewa. C．The varieties of species in Lake Chippewa. D．The impact of the wind on the floating island. 3．Which of the following statements is true about the relocation work from paragraph 3? A．It is usually finished within days. B．It is a must in cooperation and precision. C．It can only be carried out during windless days. D．It greatly disturbs the community residents’ lives. 4．Why has the local government refused to destroy the island? A．To save costs for local people. B．To ensure the safety of residents. C．To improve the bond between communities. D．To protect the wildlife species on the island. Passage 3 （24-25学年高二上·山西省·期中） In Mexico, a chinampa is an island that was built up by the native Aztec people with mud from the bottom of a lake that surrounds their capital. One of these areas is called Xochimiloo. Food grown on the islands in Xochimilco has fed people for hundreds of years, but the chinampas here are under threat from urbanization. Many families are giving up the ancient practice to rent out or sell their land for more profitable uses such as soccer fields and tourism. “If you do well in farming, you could earn $5,000 to S10.000 a year,” one local landowner said. “In the tourist area, you could have that within a couple of weekends.” Some of those remaining, like Cassandra Garduño, are banding together to promote the traditional use of the chinampas. When her grandfather died in 2010 and her uncles didn’t want to carry on, Garduño took it upon herself to learn farming. She bought land from a friend’s uncle in 2020 and grew kinds of produce, including sunflowers and eggplants. Now 32-year-old Garduño is one member of the growing organization called Chinampo Refuge, and she and other members encourage local people to protect their land. They follow ancient growing techniques but are trying new commercial approaches to compete with cheaper produce grown on massive farms elsewhere in Mexico. That includes a special label-Etiqueta Chinampera, which tells buyers the produce came from a chinampa. Luis Zambrano, an ecologist who has worked in Xochimilco for decades, says fed and watered by the lake, the fields can produce three to five crops of vegetables a year without the need for chemicals. But now, on weekends, it’s common to see more soccer players boating to islands than farmers tending their crops. Over the past two to three years, there has been a massive increase in the number of soccer fields on the islands. “It doesn’t look that harmful because there’s no construction,” says Zambrano. “But it’s just as damaging because of the amount of chemicals that are used, and the amount of pollution that is generated.” 1．What can we learn from paragraph 2? A．The chinampas have benefited from urbanization. B．Many farmers are using new farming technology. C．Farming affects the environment in Mexico badly. D．Farming is less profitable than tourism in Xochimilco. 2．What does paragraph 3 mainly tell us about Garduno? A．Her relationship with her family. B．The trouble she had in buying land. C．Her efforts to protect agricultural land. D．The challenges she met when learning farming. 3．What is the purpose of using Etiqueta Chinampera? A．To show the date of production. B．To indicate the food origin. C．To tell the price of the food. D．To explain the cooking method. 4．What is Zambrano’s attitude to building soccer fields on chinampas? A．Positive. B．Unconcerned. C．Disapproving. D．Unclear. 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 阅读理解 说明文 主题01 人与社会——社会现象 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·陕西省西安·期中） Below is a selection from a popular science book. If blood is red, why are veins blue? Actually, veins are not blue at all. They are more of a clear, yellowish color. Although blood looks red when it’s outside the body, when it’s sitting in the vein near the surface of the skin, it’s more of a dark reddish purple color. At the right depth, these blood-filled veins reflect less red light than the surrounding skin, making them look blue by comparison.     Which works harder, you heart or your brain? This question depends on whether you’re busy thinking or busy exercising. Your heart works up to three times harder during exercise, and shifts enough blood over a lifetime to fill a supertanker. But, in the long run, your brain probably tips it, because even when you’re sitting still your brain is using twice as much energy as your heart, and it takes four to five times as much blood to feed it. Do old people shrink as they age? Yes and no. Many people do get shorter as they age. But, when they do, it isn’t because they’re shrinking all over. They lose height as their spine becomes shorter and more curved due to disuse and the effect of gravity. Many (but not all) men and women do lose height as they get older. Men lose an average of 3-4 cm in height as they age, while women may lose 5 cm or more. If you live to be 200 years old, would you keep shrinking till you were, like 60 cm tall, like a little boy again? No, because old people don’t really shrink! It is not that they are growing backwards - their legs, arms and backbones getting shorter. When they do get shorter, it’s because the spine has shortened a little. Or, more often, it has become more bent and curved. Why does spinning make you dizzy? Because your brain gets confused between what you’re seeing and what you’re feeling. The brain senses that you’re spinning using special gravity and motion sensing organs in your inner ear, which work together with your eyes to keep your vision and balance stable. But when you suddenly stop spinning, the system goes out of control, and your brain thinks you’re moving while you’re not. 1．What is the color of blood in a vein near the surface of the skin? A．Blue. B．Light yellow. C．Red. D．Dark reddish purple. 2．Why do some old people look a little shrunken as they age? A．Because their spine is in active use. B．Because they are more easily affected by gravity. C．Because they keep growing backwards. D．Because their spine becomes more bent. 3．What is the main purpose of the selection? A．To give advice on how to stay healthy. B．To provide information about our body. C．To challenge new findings in medical research. D．To report the latest discoveries in medical science. 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了一本科普图书中的四个关于人体的常识。 1．细节理解题。根据“If blood is red, why are veins blue?”下面的“Although blood looks red when it’s outside the body, when it’s sitting in the vein near the surface of the skin, it’s more of a dark reddish purple color. (虽然血液在体外看起来是红色的，但当它位于皮肤表面附近的静脉中时，它更像是深红紫色。)”可知，血液在皮肤表面附近的静脉中时，它呈现出深红紫色。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“Do old people shrink as they age?”下面的“They lose height as their spine becomes shorter and more curved due to disuse and the effect of gravity. (由于不用和重力的影响，他们的脊柱变得更短、更弯曲，从而失去了高度。)”可知，老年人身高萎缩是因为他们的脊柱变得更短、更弯曲。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据第一段“Below is a selection from a popular science book. (下面是一本科普书的节选。)”以及下文中的四个小标题“If blood is red, why are veins blue?”“Which works harder, you heart or your brain?”“Do old people shrink as they age?”“Why does spinning make you dizzy?”可知，本文主要介绍了一本科普书中关于人体的四个小知识，主要是为读者提供一些关于人体的信息。故选B。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·山西省阳泉市·期中） Wake up energetically at 6 am, exercise for over an hour after freshening up, and study productively throughout the day. This daily routine is frequently featured in vlogs on social media with the theme of “self-discipline (自律)”. But when trying out such a schedule, many of us may feel worn out. Is it just because we are lazy? Why do some people seem to have so much energy? Genetic (遗传的) differences, to start with, can significantly influence our energy levels. A tiny part in our DNA called SNPs can help to explain 8.4 percent of fatigue (疲劳) cases, according to a 2018 study. A study published in the journal Nature reported that, in general, genes affect tiredness by an amount ranging from 6 to 50 percent. Nevertheless, there’s a whole lot more you can explore about your energy levels. The food you eat gives you energy. However, there’s an often-ignored element - vitamin D．A study published in 2019 in the journal Nutrients noted that older adults with reduced vitamin D levels experienced fatigue more than those with normal levels. You can get a sufficient amount of it by sunbathing or consuming enough Vitamin-D-rich foods, such as fish, eggs and milk. Another analysis published in Nutrients found that eating foods high in saturated fat is linked to excessive daytime sleepiness. These foods probably include some of your favorites: butter, cheese, ice cream and fried foods. Even if a workout leaves you sweaty and out of breath, exercise can actually increase your energy. “When you exercise, you release hormones like adrenaline (肾上腺素),” Sabrena Jo, an expert at the American Council on Exercise, told the Health website. “This hormone actually tells our bodies to ignore feelings of pain and fatigue while strengthening blood flow to large muscles.” This “excitement” in your body can last for several hours. Exercise helps, but only to a point. Those who exercise too frequently may experience negative impacts on their energy levels. It’s also important to note that low energy levels could be your body’s way of telling you that you have an underlying problem. Iron shortage and anemia (贫血) are two examples of health conditions that can increase fatigue. 1．Why do some people seem to have more energy than others, according to the text? A．They are strict with themselves. B．They follow a disciplined routine. C．They are born naturally energetic. D．They have more SNPs to stay active. 2．What kind of foods tend to make us feel tired, according to the text? A．Foods rich in saturated fat. B．Foods high in Vitamin D． C．Foods low in protein. D．Foods high in sugar. 3．What can be inferred about the effect of exercise on our energy levels? A．It reduces the body’s need for rest. B．It slows down the release of adrenaline. C．It constantly boosts our energy levels. D．It can lead to exhaustion if done too often. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．Methods for keeping a healthy lifestyle. B．Factors influencing our energy levels. C．Reasons for varying sleep patterns. D．The benefits of exercise and a good diet. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了影响人们能量水平的因素，包括基因差异、饮食习惯、运动以及潜在健康问题等。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段“Genetic differences, to start with, can significantly influence our energy levels. (首先，遗传差异可以显著影响我们的能量水平。)”可知，遗传差异显著影响我们的能量水平，因此有些人与生俱来精力充沛。故选C项。 2． 细节理解题。根据第五段“Another analysis published in Nutrients found that eating foods high in saturated fat is linked to excessive daytime sleepiness. These foods probably include some of your favorites: butter, cheese, ice cream and fried foods. (另一项发表在《营养素》杂志上的分析发现，食用高饱和脂肪的食物与白天过度嗜睡有关。这些食物可能包括你的一些最爱：黄油、奶酪、冰淇淋和油炸食品。)”可知，富含饱和脂肪的食物容易使人感到疲倦。故选A项。 3． 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Exercise helps, but only to a point. Those who exercise too frequently may experience negative impacts on their energy levels. (锻炼确实有帮助，但也有一定的限度。那些锻炼过于频繁的人可能会对自己的能量水平产生负面影响。)”可知，过度运动可能对能量水平产生负面影响，推断出过于频繁的锻炼会导致疲惫。故选D项。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“Why do some people seem to have so much energy? (为什么有些人似乎有那么多的精力？)”、第三段“Genetic differences, to start with, can significantly influence our energy levels. (首先，遗传差异可以显著影响我们的能量水平。)”、第五段“Another analysis published in Nutrients found that eating foods high in saturated fat is linked to excessive daytime sleepiness. (另一项发表在《营养素》杂志上的分析发现，食用高饱和脂肪的食物与白天过度嗜睡有关。)”、倒数第三段“Even if a workout leaves you sweaty and out of breath, exercise can actually increase your energy. (即使锻炼让你满头大汗、气喘吁吁，实际上它也能增加你的能量。)”以及最后一段“Iron shortage and anemia are two examples of health conditions that can increase fatigue. (缺铁和贫血是两种可能导致疲劳增加的健康状况的例子。)”可知，文章主要介绍了影响人们能量水平的因素，包括基因差异、饮食习惯、运动以及潜在健康问题等。故选B项。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高二上·山西省太原市·期中） College professors these days face an ever - higher bar to draw the attention of their students, forced to compete with the smartphones and laptops in large lecture halls. But when your professor is a social media star, it’s a little bit easier. Tatiana Erukhimova, who teaches physics at Texas A & M University, has managed to get her students, as well as future generations, excited about the science. Known as “Dr. Tatiana” to her students and online fan base, the professor performs physics tricks with endless energy and enthusiasm. Videos of her theatrical demonstrations have got hundreds of millions of views across social media platforms. In the kid - friendly videos, Erukhimova uses a range of everyday objects in her experiments, from pingpong balls and toilet paper to sweets, bicycle wheels and hair dryers. Her department’s online page has about 2.5 million subscribers. It’s clear that she knows what it takes to get young people excited about a hard science. But it wasn’t always that way. When she first started teaching college freshman classes almost two decades ago, she struggled to attract the attention of her younger students. Fortunately, by the second semester, she found her footing, tweaking her approach to get her students interested in her classes. She’s earned more than just recognition on social media. In October, she was honored with a national award for science outreach for leadership in bringing the excitement of physics through innovative education programs, including the well-attended annual TAMU Physics and Engineering Festival and the highly popular physics videos on social media. As a leader in a STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) field in which women are underrepresented, she’s become a role model for some. Afiya Dhanani attended TAMU after seeing Erukhimova’s videos online. “Watching Dr. Tatiana do the experiments online, especially since she was a female leader, was more inspiring for me to even go into physics,” Dhanani said. 1．How does Tatiana make her students focus on her classes? A．By connecting abstract concepts with real life. B．By stopping students bringing phones to class. C．By adding interesting videos from the Internet. D．By making herself approachable and easygoing. 2．What does the underlined word “tweaking” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Understanding. B．Continuing. C．Recording. D．Changing. 3．What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A．Tatiana’s family life. B．Tatiana’s achievements. C．Ways to celebrate festivals. D．Education programs in TAMU. 4．What does Dhanani want to tell us in the last paragraph? A．She wanted to become a role model. B．She inspired others to learn physics. C．Tatiana has a positive impact on her. D．Tatiana has been very strict with her. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章以Tatiana Erukhimova教授为例，讲述了网红教授更受学生青睐这一现象。 1．细节理解题。根据句第二段“In the kid - friendly videos, Erukhimova uses a range of everyday objects in her experiments, from pingpong balls and toilet paper to sweets, bicycle wheels and hair dryers. (在这些儿童友好的视频中，Erukhimova在她的实验中使用了一系列日常用品，从乒乓球和卫生纸到糖果，自行车轮子和吹风机)”可知，Tatiana通过将抽象概念与日常生活联系起来，使学生专注于她的课程。故选A项。 2．词句猜测题。根据第三段“When she first started teaching college freshman classes almost two decades ago, she struggled to attract the attention of her younger students. Fortunately, by the second semester, she found her footing, tweaking her approach to get her students interested in her classes. ( 约20年前，当她第一次开始教授大学新生课程时，她很难吸引年轻学生的注意力。幸运的是，到了第二学期，她找到了自己的立足点，tweaking了自己的方法，让学生对她的课感兴趣)”可知，为了让学会生对她的课感兴趣，她改变了自己的教学方法。所以划线词的意思是“改变”。故选D项。 3．主旨大意题。根据第四段“She’s earned more than just recognition on social media. In October, she was honored with a national award for science outreach for leadership in bringing the excitement of physics through innovative education programs, including the well-attended annual TAMU Physics and Engineering Festival and the highly popular physics videos on social media. (她赢得的不仅仅是社交媒体上的认可。10月，她被授予国家科学推广奖，以表彰她通过创新的教育项目，包括参加人数众多的TAMU年度物理与工程节，以及在社交媒体上非常受欢迎的物理视频，带来了物理学的兴奋)”可知，第四段主要讲述了Tatiana在科学推广方面的成就，包括获得国家奖项和举办受欢迎的物理节等。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“As a leader in a STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) field in which women are underrepresented, she’s become a role model for some. Afiya Dhanani attended TAMU after seeing Erukhimova’s videos online. “Watching Dr. Tatiana do the experiments online, especially since she was a female leader, was more inspiring for me to even go into physics,” Dhanani said. (作为女性代表性不足的STEM（科学、技术、工程和数学）领域的领导者，她已成为一些人的榜样。Afiya Dhanani在网上看到Erukhimova的视频后参加了TAMU。Dhanani说：“看着Tatiana博士在网上做实验，尤其是因为她是一名女性领导者，这更鼓舞了我进入物理学领域)”可知，Tatiana对她Dhanani产生了积极的影响。故选C项。 主题02 人与自我—— 生存与发展 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·山西省晋中市·期中） Like so many other good things in life, sleep is best at a right length. A multi-year study of older adults found that both short and long sleepers experienced greater cognitive (认知的) decline than people who slept a proper amount, even when the effects of early Alzheimer’s disease were taken into account. “Our study suggests that there is a middle range, or ‘sweet spot’, for total sleep time where cognitive performance is stable over time. Short and long sleep time is associated with worse cognitive performance,” said first author Brendan Lucey, an associate professor of the Washington University Sleep Medicine Center. “An unanswered question is if we can intervene (干预) to improve sleep, would that have a positive effect on their cognitive performance so they no longer decline? We need more further data to answer this question.” Lucey and colleagues turned to volunteers who participated in Alzheimer’s studies through the university’s Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center. Such volunteers experienced annual clinical and cognitive assessments, and provided a blood sample to be tested. For this study, each participant slept with a tiny EEG monitor attached to their heads for four to six nights to measure their brain activities during sleep. The researchers found a U-shaped relationship between sleep and cognitive decline. Overall, cognitive scores declined for the groups that slept less than 4.5 or more than 6.5 hours per night while scores stayed stable for those in the middle of the range. The U-shaped relationship held true for measures of specific sleep stages, including rapid-eye movement (REM) sleep and non-REM sleep. Moreover, the same is true even after considering the factors that can affect both sleep and cognition, such as age, sex, levels of Alzheimer’s proteins. “It was particularly interesting to see that not only those with short amounts of sleep but also those with long amounts of sleep had more cognitive decline,” said Professor Beau M. Ances. “Each person’s sleep needs are unique, and people who wake up feeling rested on short or long sleep schedules should not feel forced to change their habits,” said co-senior author David Holtzman, MD．“But those who are not sleeping well should be aware that sleep problems often can be treated.” 1．What is the passage mainly about? A．The good things in life. B．The benefits of best sleep. C．The effects of Alzheimer’s disease. D．The influence of sleep time on cognition. 2．According to the passage, which sleep time is suitable? A．4 hours. B．6 hours. C．7 hours. D．7.5 hours 3．What can we know about U-shaped relationship? A．Cognition is related to different sleep stages. B．The sleep time has no connection with cognitive scores. C．The longer sleep time is, the higher cognitive scores are. D．It no longer exists when age, sex, and so on are considered. 4．What does David Holtzman’s words imply? A．Quality of a person’s sleep is the key. B．People on short sleep schedules must change their habits. C．Long time sleepers do not have cognitive decline. D．Both long time and short time sleepers have sleep problems. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了睡眠时长对认知的影响，研究发现睡眠与认知能力下降呈U型关系，拥有适中睡眠时长的人认知得分稳定，且睡眠质量不佳可治疗。 1．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“A multi-year study of older adults found that both short and long sleepers experienced greater cognitive (认知的) decline than people who slept a proper amount, even when the effects of early Alzheimer’s disease were taken into account. (一项针对老年人的多年研究发现，即使将早期阿尔茨海默病的影响考虑在内，短睡眠者和长睡眠者的认知能力下降程度都比睡眠充足的人要大)”可知，文章开篇指出研究表明睡眠时长适中最好，接着具体介绍该研究的目的、对象和方法等，提到睡眠与认知能力下降呈U型关系等内容。因此，文章整体围绕睡眠时长对认知的影响展开。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Overall, cognitive scores declined for the groups that slept less than 4.5 or more than 6.5 hours per night while scores stayed stable for those in the middle of the range. (总体而言，每晚睡眠时间少于4.5小时或超过6.5小时的组的认知得分有所下降，而睡眠时间处于中间区间的组的得分保持稳定)”可知，6小时在4.5小时到6.5小时这个区间内，是合适的睡眠时长。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据第五段中“The U-shaped relationship held true for measures of specific sleep stages, including rapid-eye movement (REM) sleep and non-REM sleep. (U型关系适用于特定睡眠阶段的测量，包括快速眼动睡眠和非快速眼动睡眠)”可知，U型关系在特定睡眠阶段的测量中也成立。由此可知，认知与不同的睡眠阶段有关。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中David Holtzman所说的话“Each person’s sleep needs are unique, and people who wake up feeling rested on short or long sleep schedules should not feel forced to change their habits (每个人的睡眠需求都是独一无二的，那些在短时间或长时间的睡眠计划中醒来时感觉精力充沛的人不应该被迫改变他们的习惯)”和“But those who are not sleeping well should be aware that sleep problems often can be treated. (但是那些睡眠不好的人应该意识到睡眠问题通常是可以治疗的)”可知，每个人的睡眠需求不同，醒来感觉休息好的人无需改变习惯，需要治疗的人是睡眠不好的人。由此可知，睡眠质量才是关键。故选A项。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·陕西省西安·期中） A French cook is preparing foods with something surprising insects. The European Union has recently approved some sorts of insects as an tolerable food product. Insects provide many nutrients and are an environmentally friendly food. The food Laurent Veyet prepares is not for those with little bravery. However, what he is preparing may point to the future of feeding a growing world population. One of his foods is a prawn salad with yellow mealworms. It includes insects on a bed of vegetables with grasshoppers covered in chocolate, a food usually meant for sweets. The restaurant is located in Paris among others with outdoor seating and plenty of sunlight. Eaters who are ready to try something different approve of Veyet’s complex foods. The Parisian cook talked about the perfect meal for first-timers. He was preparing a pasta made with crushed mealworms, sweet potatoes and young insects cooked on the stove. He said, “There are some really interesting flavors. Not many people could say they don’t like that.” Mealworms, and insects more generally, could provide a sustainable food source that produces low greenhouse gases for the future. Soheil Ayari was eating with his two daughters. He approved of the food. He said, “I feel like I am in a traditional restaurant.” He said only the idea behind what he ate was different. He continued to say, “and honestly, the tastes are very similar to traditional food.” Ayari’s young daughter also enjoyed the food: “it’s environmentally friendly and, what’s more, it’s good.” Veyet grows his mealworms on site. He feeds them cooked grains and vegetables. While the mealworm may not look like something worth eating, it is in fact the larvae of the darkling beetle. These beetles are rich in protein, fat and other nutrients. The mealworm can be used in many different meals. It can be cooked whole and eaten, or it can be ground to help make foods like bread. 1．What does the underlined word “tolerable” in the first paragraph probably mean? A．Original. B．Acceptable. C．Typical. D．Instant. 2．What can we infer from Paragraph 2? A．Insects may be a source of the main food for human beings in the future. B．Various of insects may not be on the table in the future. C．Insects has been the main food for people nowadays. D．Insect breeding has become a huge industry. 3．How does the cook feel about his insect food according to Paragraph 3? A．Skeptical. B．Confident. C．Unacceptable. D．Disappointed. 4．What is the purpose of the passage? A．To introduce a surprising insect food. B．To stress the advantages of insect food. C．To appeal for acceptance of insect food. D．To discuss methods of cooking insect food. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了法国厨师Laurent Veyet使用昆虫制作食物的情况，以及昆虫作为食物的潜在好处和公众的接受程度。 1．词句猜测题。根据第一段“The European Union has recently approved some sorts of insects as an … food product. (欧盟最近批准了一些种类的昆虫作为一种____食品)”以及后文“Insects provide many nutrients and are an environmentally friendly food. (昆虫提供许多营养，是一种环保食品。)”可知，既然欧盟批准了，且昆虫有诸多优点，那么此处应是说昆虫作为一种可接受的食品，可推理出“tolerable”意思是“可接受的”，与“Acceptable”意思相近。故选B项。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段“However, what he is preparing may point to the future of feeding a growing world population. One of his foods is a prawn salad with yellow mealworms. It includes insects on a bed of vegetables with grasshoppers covered in chocolate, a food usually meant for sweets. (然而，他正在准备的东西可能指向养活不断增长的世界人口的未来。他的其中一道食物是配有黄粉虫的虾沙拉。它包括放在蔬菜上的昆虫以及裹着巧克力的蚱蜢，巧克力通常是用于甜食的。)”可知其中一道食物是配有黄粉虫的虾沙拉，它包括放在蔬菜上的昆虫以及裹着巧克力的蚱蜢，巧克力通常是用于甜食的，可推断出，昆虫将来可能会成为人类主要食物的一个来源，故选A项。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段“He said, “There are some really interesting flavors. Not many people could say they don’t like that” (他说：“有一些非常有趣的味道。没有多少人会说他们不喜欢这个。”)”可知本段提到了有一些非常有趣的味道。没有多少人会说他们不喜欢这个，可推理出厨师对他做的昆虫食物很有信心，认为其味道不错，会被认可，故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段“A French cook is preparing foods with something surprising insects. The European Union has recently approved some sorts of insects as an tolerable food product. Insects provide many nutrients and are an environmentally friendly food. ( 一位法国厨师正在用令人惊讶的昆虫准备食物。欧盟最近批准了一些种类的昆虫作为可接受的食品产品。昆虫提供了许多营养成分，并且是一种环保的食物。)”第三段“The Parisian cook talked about the perfect meal for first-timers. He was preparing a pasta made with crushed mealworms, sweet potatoes and young insects cooked on the stove. He said, “There are some really interesting flavors. Not many people could say they don’t like that.” Mealworms, and insects more generally, could provide a sustainable food source that produces low greenhouse gases for the future.( 巴黎的厨师谈到了初次尝试者的理想餐点。他正在准备一种用碾碎的黄粉虫、甜土豆和在炉子上烹饪的幼虫制成的意面。他说：“有一些真正有趣的味道。没多少人能说他们不喜欢那个。”黄粉虫和更广泛的昆虫，可以为未来提供一种可持续的食物来源，产生的温室气体很少。)”以及最后一段“Veyet grows his mealworms on site. He feeds them cooked grains and vegetables. While the mealworm may not look like something worth eating, it is in fact the larvae of the darkling beetle. These beetles are rich in protein, fat and other nutrients. The mealworm can be used in many different meals. It can be cooked whole and eaten, or it can be ground to help make foods like bread. (维耶特在现场养殖他的黄粉虫。他喂它们煮熟的谷物和蔬菜。虽然黄粉虫可能看起来不像值得吃的东西，但它们实际上是暗甲虫的幼虫。这些甲虫富含蛋白质、脂肪和其他营养素。黄粉虫可以用在许多不同的饭菜中。它可以整只烹饪后食用，也可以磨碎用来制作面包等食物。)”可知，文章开篇介绍了一位法国厨师用昆虫制作食物，接着描述了他制作的具体昆虫食物、食客的反馈以及昆虫作为食物的一些特点等内容，整体是在介绍一种令人惊讶的昆虫食物，可推理出本文的目的是介绍一种令人惊讶的昆虫食物，故选A项。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高二上·山西省·期中） Drinking some alcohol (酒) was once thought to have benefits for the heart, but better research methods have thrown cold water on that. “Drinking less is a great way to be healthier,” said Dr. Timothy Naimi, who directs the Canadian Institute for Substance Use Research at the University of Victoria in British Columbia. Guidelines vary a lot from country to country but the overall trend is toward drinking less. The United Kingdom, France, Denmark, Holland and Australia recently reviewed new evidence and lowered their alcohol consumption recommendations. Ireland will require cancer warning labels on alcohol starting in 2026. “People of my age are way more accepting of it,” said Tessa Weber, 28, of Austin, Texas. She stopped drinking this year because she’d noticed alcohol was increasing her anxiety. She liked the results — better sleep, more energy — and has stuck with it. “It’s good to reevaluate your relationship with alcohol,” Weber said. How many drinks can you have per day? That depends. Drinking raises the risk of several types of cancer, including colon, liver, breast and mouth and throat. Alcohol breaks down in the body into a substance called acetaldehyde, which can damage your cells and stop them from repairing themselves. That creates the conditions for cancer to grow. “Thousands of US deaths per year could be prevented if people followed the government’s dietary guidelines, which advise men to limit themselves to two drinks or fewer per day and women to one drink or fewer per day,” Naimi said. One drink is the equivalent of about one12 - ounce (盎司) can of beer, a 5 - ounce glass of wine or a shot of liquor. Naimi served on an advisory committee that wanted to lower the recommendation for men to one drink per day. That advice was considered and rejected when the federal recommendations came out in 2020. “The simple message that’s best supported by the evidence is that, if you drink, less is better when it comes to health,” Naimi said. 1．What is Tessa Weber’s attitude to the new guideline on alcohol drinking? A．Positive. B．Doubtful. C．Unconcerned. D．Unclear. 2．What do we know about acetaldehyde? A．It encourages people to drink less. B．It benefits the repairs of heart cells. C．It keeps alcohol from breaking down. D．It contributes to the growth of cancer. 3．How much alcohol is a man recommended to drink at most per day by the US government? A．A 5-ounce glass of wine. B．A-6-ounce can of beer. C．A 10-ounce glass of wine. D．A 12-ounce can of beer. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．New Research on Types of Cancer B．Alcoholics Are on the Rise in the US C．Risks and Benefits of Drinking Alcohol D．Less Alcohol Is Better for Health 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了关于饮酒与健康关系的研究发现和建议，包括不同国家对于饮酒指南的更新、个人对于减少饮酒的看法，以及酒精对健康的潜在风险等内容。 1．推理判断题。根据第三段““People of my age are way more accepting of it,” said Tessa Weber, 28, of Austin, Texas. She stopped drinking this year because she’d noticed alcohol was increasing her anxiety. She liked the results — better sleep, more energy — and has stuck with it. “It’s good to reevaluate your relationship with alcohol,” Weber said.(德克萨斯州奥斯汀市28岁的Tessa Weber说：“像我这样年纪的人更容易接受它。”她今年戒了酒，因为她发现酒精增加了她的焦虑。她喜欢这样做的效果——更好的睡眠，更有活力——并坚持了下来。“重新评估你与酒精的关系是件好事，”Weber说)”可知，Tessa Weber对新饮酒指南持积极态度。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段“How many drinks can you have per day? That depends. Drinking raises the risk of several types of cancer, including colon, liver, breast and mouth and throat. Alcohol breaks down in the body into a substance called acetaldehyde, which can damage your cells and stop them from repairing themselves. That creates the conditions for cancer to grow.(你每天能喝多少饮料？那得看情况。饮酒会增加患几种癌症的风险，包括结肠癌、肝癌、乳腺癌、口腔癌和咽喉癌。酒精在体内分解成一种叫做乙醛的物质，它会损害你的细胞，阻止它们自我修复。这就为癌症的生长创造了条件)”可知，可知，乙醛有助于癌症的生长。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段““Thousands of US deaths per year could be prevented if people followed the government’s dietary guidelines, which advise men to limit themselves to two drinks or fewer per day and women to one drink or fewer per day,” Naimi said. One drink is the equivalent of about one12 - ounce (盎司) can of beer, a 5 - ounce glass of wine or a shot of liquor.(纳伊米说：“如果人们遵循政府的饮食指南，建议男性每天饮酒不超过两杯，女性每天饮酒不超过一杯，那么美国每年数千人的死亡是可以避免的。”一杯饮料相当于一罐12盎司的啤酒，一杯5盎司的葡萄酒或一杯白酒)”可知，美国政府建议男性饮酒不超过两杯，而一杯相当于杯5盎司的葡萄酒，也就是一天不超过一杯10盎司的葡萄酒。故选C项。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Drinking some alcohol (酒) was once thought to have benefits for the heart, but better research methods have thrown cold water on that. “Drinking less is a great way to be healthier,” said Dr. Timothy Naimi, who directs the Canadian Institute for Substance Use Research at the University of Victoria in British Columbia.(人们曾经认为喝点酒对心脏有益，但更好的研究方法却给这一观点泼了一盆冷水。“少喝酒是保持健康的好方法，”不列颠哥伦比亚省维多利亚大学加拿大物质使用研究所所长蒂莫西·纳伊米博士说)”以及纵观全文可知，“少喝酒是保持健康的好方法”，这是文章的主旨，后文围绕这一主旨展开论述，说明少喝酒的好处，如可以降低患癌风险等，由此可知选项D“Less Alcohol Is Better for Health(少喝酒对健康有好处)”是本文最好的标题。故选D项。 主题03人与自然——自然与环保 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·陕西省咸阳市·期中） Red pandas live in high-altitude, mild forests where they prefer to be near water and have access to bamboo. They are mostly active at dusk and dawn, and they sleep during most of the day. They rely on the trees for shelter, to escape from predators (捕食者), and to sunbathe in the winter. About 98% of a red panda’s diet is bamboo. They need a lot of it to survive — around 2 kilograms each day. However, finding enough bamboo is difficult as the red panda’s habitat becomes smaller. When people move into the red panda’s area, they clear forests for housing and commercial development, farming and mining. Natural disasters such as landslides, floods; heavy snow and rainfall have also destroyed their habitats. Forest fires, invasive (侵入的) plant species, and issues with bamboo flowering (including the death of the plant) have similarly had effects on the red panda’s habitat. Species of bamboo are affected by forest fires and other environmental changes. As people move into the area, they often collect bamboo, leaving less for red pandas to eat. Although the red panda is endangered, steps are being made to save the species and its habitat. According to the IUCN, China has 46 protected areas, covering about 65% of the species’ habitat in the country. There are at least 19 protected areas in India, five in Bhutan and three in Myanmar. The Red Panda Network is a nonprofit organization that protects red pandas and their habitat. They work with local community groups to establish wildlife feeding centers, train forest protectors to raise awareness about red pandas, and work with villagers to establish protected areas. The WWF is also working to protect red pandas and their habitats. Because more than a third of the potential habitat is in Nepal, the group works with yak herders (牦牛牧民) and other groups there to lower their effect on the red panda’s habitat. 1．Why is it challenging for red pandas to find enough food? A．Bamboo is not good enough. B．They are not active hunters. C．Their habitats are becoming smaller. D．There is a lack of water in their habitat. 2．What do the data in paragraph 4 mainly show? A．Global efforts to protect red pandas. B．Serious situations faced by red pandas. C．India’s deep protection of rare wildlife. D．China’s advantage in keeping red pandas. 3．What does the Red Panda Network do to protect red pandas? A．Force yak herders to move away. B．Advocate people to adopt them. C．Cooperate with local experts to do research. D．Work with communities to build wildlife feeding centers. 4．What’s a suitable title for this text? A．The Key Points of Red Pandas’ Survival. B．The Influence of Natural Disasters on Bamboo. C．The Threat and Protection of Red Pandas. D．The Reason for the Disappearance of Bamboo. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍的是红熊猫面对的严峻形式以及各个国家和组织对它的保护 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“About 98% of a red panda’s diet is bamboo. They need a lot of it to survive — around 2 kilograms each day. However, finding enough bamboo is difficult as the red panda’s habitat becomes smaller. (大约98%的红熊猫的食物是竹子。它们需要大量的水才能生存——每天大约2公斤。然而，由于红熊猫的栖息地越来越小，找到足够的竹子变得很困难。)”可知，由于红熊猫的栖息地越来越小，使得它们找到竹子变得很困难。故选C项。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Although the red panda is endangered, steps are being made to save the species and its habitat. (虽然红熊猫濒临灭绝，但人们正在采取措施拯救这个物种及其栖息地。)”可知，人们现在正在采取措施拯救濒临灭绝的红熊猫及其栖息地，结合下文的“According to the IUCN, China has 46 protected areas, covering about 65% of the species’ habitat in the country. There are at least 19 protected areas in India, five in Bhutan and three in Myanmar. (据世界自然保护联盟称，中国有46个保护区，覆盖了该国约65%的物种栖息地。印度至少有19个保护区，不丹有5个，缅甸有3个。)”可知，此处列举的数据显示了世界各地为保护红熊猫所付出的努力。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据尾段中的“They work with local community groups to establish wildlife feeding centers, train forest protectors to raise awareness about red pandas, and work with villagers to establish protected areas. (他们与当地社区团体合作建立野生动物喂养中心，培训森林保护者提高对红熊猫的认识，并与村民合作建立保护区。)”可知，Red Panda Network通过与当地社群合作建立野生动物饲养中心来保护红熊猫。故选D项。 4．主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“However, finding enough bamboo is difficult as the red panda’s habitat becomes smaller. When people move into the red panda’s area, they clear forests for housing and commercial development, farming and mining. (然而，由于红熊猫的栖息地越来越小，找到足够的竹子变得很困难。当人们搬到红熊猫的栖息地时，他们会为了住房、商业开发、农业和采矿而砍伐森林。)”以及第三段中的“Natural disasters such as landslides, floods; heavy snow and rainfall have also destroyed their habitats. ( 山体滑坡、洪水等自然灾害；大雪和暴雨也破坏了它们的栖息地。)”可知，由于人类的行为和自然灾害导致了红熊猫的栖息地减少，使得它们找到足够的竹子都很难；结合第四段中的“Although the red panda is endangered, steps are being made to save the species and its habitat. ( 虽然红熊猫濒临灭绝，但人们正在采取措施拯救这个物种及其栖息地。)”以及下文中列举的数据和尾段中的“The Red Panda Network is a nonprofit organization that protects red pandas and their habitat. (红熊猫网络是一个保护红熊猫及其栖息地的非营利组织。)”可知，针对人类行为和自然灾难导致红熊猫栖息地减少的情况，世界各地以及一些非营利性组织为保护红熊猫开始采取措施，综合以上信息可知，本文主要介绍的是红熊猫面对的严峻形式以及各个国家和组织对它的保护，所以题目“红熊猫的威胁及保护”概括了本文的主题，适合作为最佳标题。故选C项。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·山西省吕梁市·期中） Over the years, movies and books have used tornadoes to sweep their characters off to magical lands, to destroy entire cities, or to defeat a superhero’s dangerous super villain (恶棍). All of these tornadoes have one thing in common: They are incredibly powerful. They can have wind speeds over 300 miles per hour (mph), grow over a mile wide, and travel over 50 miles. They are incredibly dangerous and should be avoided at all costs. Scientists can’t go inside tornadoes, which means that they are extremely hard to research. As a result, we know surprisingly little about them. In order to tell how powerful a tornado is, scientists look at how much destruction it causes. Scientists then rank the tornado on the Enhanced Fujita Scale (级别) (EF-Scale), which ranges from EF0 to EF5. For example, a tornado that only damages trees but doesn’t significantly damage buildings would be rated EFO with wind speeds between 65 and 85 mph. A tornado that blows away buildings and tears up sidewalks, on the other hand, would be rated EF5 with wind speeds over 200 mph. The most powerful tornado in United States history occurred near Oklahoma City in1999. It had wind speeds over 310 mph, the highest wind speed ever recorded on Earth. A tornado with wind speeds that high can not only pick up and throw automobiles, but also knock over trains and tear up roadways. Luckily for anyone living in an area that experiences the occasional tornadoes, they usually only last one to ten minutes. More powerful tornadoes can last over an hour in the right conditions, but they are very rare. If you find yourself experiencing a tornado, find a safe place inside, like an interior hall, basement or closet. Stay away from windows and heavy objects that could fall on you, and lie on your stomach with your hands protecting the back of your head. Having a tornado emergency plan is extremely important as tornadoes can appear very quickly. Make sure to listen to the radio or television to stay updated on serious weather patterns in your area. 1．Which of the following is probably the wind speed of an EF4 tornado? A．65 mph. B．85 mph. C．200 mph. D．310 mph. 2．What can we learn from the example given in paragraph 3? A．Tornadoes can do great harm. B．American cars need developing. C．Oklahoma City had no trains in 1999. D．The strongest tornado occurred in the UK. 3．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．What a tornado is. B．How a tornado forms. C．Tips to survive a tornado. D．How to recognize a tornado. 4．Where is the text most probably taken from? A．A guidebook to the USA． B．An introduction to a historical book. C．A review of famous movies. D．An article on natural disasters. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了什么是龙卷风以及如何应对龙卷风。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“A tornado that blows away buildings and tears up sidewalks, on the other hand, would be rated EF5 with wind speeds over 200 mph.(另一方面，吹走建筑物并撕裂人行道的龙卷风将被评为EF5级，风速超过200英里/小时。)”可知，EF4级别的龙卷风风速可能是200 mph左右。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“It had wind speeds over 310 mph, the highest wind speed ever recorded on Earth. A tornado with wind speeds that high can not only pick up and throw automobiles, but also knock over trains and tear up roadways.(它的风速超过每小时310英里，是地球上有记录以来的最高风速。风速如此之高的龙卷风不仅可以卷起并抛起汽车，还可以撞倒火车，撕毁道路。)”可知，本段的例子告诉我们：龙卷风的危害很大。故选A项。 3．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“If you find yourself experiencing a tornado, find a safe place inside, like an interior hall, basement or closet. Stay away from windows and heavy objects that could fall on you, and lie on your stomach with your hands protecting the back of your head. Having a tornado emergency plan is extremely important as tornadoes can appear very quickly. Make sure to listen to the radio or television to stay updated on serious weather patterns in your area.(如果你发现自己正在经历龙卷风，在室内找一个安全的地方，比如室内大厅、地下室或壁橱。远离窗户和可能砸到你的重物，趴着用手保护后脑勺。有一个龙卷风应急计划是非常重要的，因为龙卷风会很快出现。一定要收听广播或电视，及时了解你所在地区恶劣天气的最新情况。)”可知，本段主要介绍了如何在龙卷风中幸存的小贴士。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。通读全文以及根据第一段“All of these tornadoes have one thing in common: They can have wind speeds over 300 miles per hour (mph), grow over a mile wide, and travel over 50 miles. They are incredibly dangerous and should be avoided at all costs.(所有这些龙卷风都有一个共同点:它们的风速可以超过每小时300英里(每小时300英里)，生长宽度超过一英里，行进距离超过50英里。它们非常危险，应该不惜一切代价避免。)”可知，文章主要介绍了什么是龙卷风以及如何应对龙卷风。所以来自一篇关于自然灾害的文章。故选D项。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高二上·山西省·期中） Climate change is stressing rainforests where the highly sensitive cocoa bean grows, but chocolate lovers need not despair, say companies that are researching other ways to grow cocoa or develop cocoa substitutes (替代品). California Cultured, a plant cell culture company, is growing cocoa from cell cultures at a facility in West Sacramento, California, with plans to start selling its products next year. It puts cocoa bean cells and sugar water together so they reproduce quickly and reach maturity in a week rather than the six to eight months a traditional harvest takes, said Alan Perlstein, the company’s chief executive. The process also no longer requires as much water or labor. The sales of chocolate candy around the world reached $ 238.5 billion in 2023, research website Statista reported. Sales in the United States alone reached more than $ 25 billion in 2023, the National Confectioners Association said. The price of cocoa rose quickly earlier this year because of demand and troubles with the crop in West Africa due to plant diseases and changes in weather. The region produces the most of the world’s cocoa. The push to produce cocoa indoors in the US comes after other products, such as chicken meat, have already been grown in labs. It also comes as supermarket shelves fill with snack options — something that developers of cocoa alternatives say shows people are ready to try what looks and tastes like a chocolate chip cookie even if the chip contains a cocoa substitute. While some are seeking to create alternative cocoa sources and substitutes, others are trying to improve the supply of cocoa where it naturally grows. Mars, which makes M& Ms and Snickers, has a research facility at University of California, Davis aimed at making cocoa plants more resilient so that they are able to recover more easily and quickly from unpleasant environments, said Joanna Hwu, the company’s senior director of cocoa plant science. The facility hosts a living collection of cocoa trees so scientists can study what makes them resistant to more diseases to help farmers in producing countries and ensure a stable supply of beans. 1．What can we say about products from California Cultured? A．They are produced at a quick speed. B．They have been on sale. C．They require more labor to make. D．They contain no water. 2．What conclusion can we draw from paragraph 3? A．West Africa is facing an economic crisis. B．The worldwide market for chocolate is huge. C．The US produces the most cocoa in the world. D．The supply of chocolate goes beyond its demand. 3．What does the author want to show by mentioning chicken meat? A．A reason for eating less chocolate. B．An inspiration for cocoa substitutes. C．A method of keeping a balanced diet. D．A cause of picking more types of meat. 4．How does Mars deal with the challenge facing cocoa trees? A．By creating their alternatives. B．By growing them somewhere else. C．By increasing their resistance. D．By planting them in large numbers. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。面对气候变化导致可可产量减少的情况，各家公司正在想方设法种植可可和生产可可替代品。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“California Cultured, a plant cell culture company, is growing cocoa from cell cultures at a facility in West Sacramento, California, with plans to start selling its products next year. It puts cocoa bean cells and sugar water together so they reproduce quickly and reach maturity in a week rather than the six to eight months a traditional harvest takes, said Alan Perlstein, the company’s chief executive. The process also no longer requires as much water or labor. (植物细胞培养公司California culture正在加州西萨克拉门托的一处工厂用细胞培养物种植可可，并计划明年开始销售其产品。该公司首席执行官艾伦•珀尔斯坦表示，这种方法将可可豆细胞和糖水结合在一起，使它们能够快速繁殖，并在一周内成熟，而传统的收获方法需要6到8个月。这个过程也不再需要那么多的水和劳动力)” 可知，California Cultured公司的可可生产速度很快。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“The sales of chocolate candy around the world reached $ 238.5 billion in 2023, research website Statista reported. Sales in the United States alone reached more than $ 25 billion in 2023, the National Confectioners Association said. The price of cocoa rose quickly earlier this year because of demand and troubles with the crop in West Africa due to plant diseases and changes in weather. The region produces the most of the world’s cocoa. (据研究网站Statista报道，2023年，全球巧克力糖果的销售额达到2385亿美元。美国糖果协会表示，仅在美国，2023年的销售额就超过了250亿美元。今年早些时候，可可豆价格迅速上涨，原因是需求旺盛，以及西非因植物病害和天气变化造成的作物问题。该地区生产世界上最多的可可)”可推断，巧克力的全球市场是巨大的。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“The push to produce cocoa indoors in the US comes after other products, such as chicken meat, have already been grown in labs. (在美国推动室内生产可可之前，鸡肉等其他产品已经在实验室中种植)” 可推断，作者在本段提及“鸡肉” 是为了表明生产可可替代品的推动力。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Mars, which makes M& Ms and Snickers, has a research facility at University of California, Davis aimed at making cocoa plants more resilient so that they are able to recover more easily and quickly from unpleasant environments, said Joanna Hwu, the company’s senior director of cocoa plant science. The facility hosts a living collection of cocoa trees so scientists can study what makes them resistant to more diseases to help farmers in producing countries and ensure a stable supply of beans. (玛氏的可可植物科学高级主管乔安娜·胡说，玛氏在加州大学戴维斯分校设有一个研究机构，旨在提高可可植物的适应力，使它们能够更容易、更快地从恶劣的环境中恢复过来。玛氏生产M& Ms巧克力和士力架。该设施拥有一批活的可可树，因此科学家可以研究是什么使它们对更多疾病有抵抗力，以帮助生产国的农民，并确保可可豆的稳定供应)” 可知，Mars公司通过提高可可树的抵抗力来解决它们所面临的挑战。故选C。 主题01 人与社会—— 科学发现 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·陕西省·期中） Experiments on rats show that mixing energy drinks with alcohol can cause long-term problems with cognitive (认知的) function, adding to concerns over young adults drinking habits. The study was carried out by a team from the University of Cagliari, and groups of male adolescent rats being given alcohol, energy drinks, or a mixture of both. Various standard experiments were then used to assess cognitive function - including brain scans and behavioral tests - up to 53 days after drinking. These tests revealed that the animals consuming the mixed drinks showed enduring changes in their ability to learn and remember and changes in the hippocampus (海马体) - a part of the brain responsible for learning and memory. Alcohol and energy drinks are popular with young people for various reasons, and the effects from this study are that these habits could cause some long-term harm. In particular, it seems that hippocampus plasticity could be affected, damaging the brain’s ability to adapt and change in response to new information and demands. While the rats on alcohol and energy drinks initially showed a boost in certain brain functions. these benefits didn’t last, and over time and into adulthood there was a decline in brain capability. The results show that alcohol mixed with energy drinks consumption during the preadoleseent period produces adaptive hippocampal changes at the electrophysiological and molecular levels. associated with changes in behavior, which are already detectable during adolescence and persist in adulthood. These results still need to be confirmed in human studies, and there’re likely differences between sexes due to hormone interactions that weren’t explored in this study. But health concerns over energy drinks are justified. Alcohol has plenty of effects in health, and it’s well-known that mixing the two together in any kind of significant way isn’t the best idea. Overall, the analysis of the whole set of data obtained suggests that alcohol mixed with energy drinks, during adolescence, may have results that are not necessarily the sum of those observed with alcohol or energy drinks alone and permanently affect hippocampal plasticity. 1．How was the study carried out? A．By observing rats’ various behaviors on the spot. B．By comparing rats’ reactions on different occasions. C．By collecting previous data of rats of different kinds D．By measuring the cognitive influences on the tested rats. 2．What does the underlined word “enduring” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Minor. B．Instant. C．Lasting. D．Unnoticeable 3．What can we learn from the study? A．Mixed drinks initially do great damage to rats’ brains. B．Great sex differences have been detected in rats so far. C．Human subjects have not been involved in the process D．The hippocampal and behavioral changes don’t last long. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Adolescent Rats Experimented, Great Concerns Aroused B．More Energy Drinks Consumed, More Health Effects Noted C．Healthy Diet Habits Adopted, Behavioral Patterns Improved D．Energy Drinks Mixed with Alcohol, Brain Functions Affected 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是一项关于将能量饮料与酒精混合饮用对青春期大鼠认知能力长期影响的研究。研究发现，这种混合饮品会导致大鼠在学习和记忆能力方面出现持久性改变，特别是影响海马体的可塑性，进而损害大脑适应新信息和需求的能力。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段“Various standard experiments were then used to assess cognitive function - including brain scans and behavioral tests - up to 53 days after drinking. (然后用各种标准实验来评估饮酒后53天的认知功能，包括脑部扫描和行为测试。)”可知，研究是通过测量对被试大鼠的认知影响来进行的，故选D。 2．词句猜测题。根据第四段“Alcohol and energy drinks are popular with young people for various reasons, and the effects from this study are that these habits could cause some long-term harm. (由于各种原因，酒精和能量饮料在年轻人中很受欢迎，这项研究的结果是，这些习惯可能会造成一些长期危害。)”可知，划线词所在句子表示“这些测试表明，喝了混合饮料的动物在学习和记忆能力以及海马体（大脑中负责学习和记忆的部分）的变化方面表现出持久的变化”，划线词enduring的意思是“持久的”，和lasting意思相近，故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“These results still need to be confirmed in human studies, and there're likely differences between sexes due to hormone interactions that weren't explored in this study. (这些结果仍需要在人类研究中得到证实，而且由于激素的相互作用，两性之间可能存在差异，而这项研究并未探索这些差异。)”可知，我们能从这项研究中了解到人类实验对象尚未参与这一过程。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第三段“These tests revealed that the animals consuming the mixed drinks showed enduring changes in their ability to learn and remember and changes in the hippocampus (海马体) - a part of the brain responsible for learning and memory. (这些测试表明，喝了混合饮料的动物在学习和记忆能力以及海马体（大脑中负责学习和记忆的部分）的变化方面表现出持久的变化。)”和第四段“Alcohol and energy drinks are popular with young people for various reasons, and the effects from this study are that these habits could cause some long-term harm. In particular, it seems that hippocampus plasticity could be affected, damaging the brain’s ability to adapt and change in response to new information and demands. (由于各种原因，酒精和能量饮料在年轻人中很受欢迎，这项研究的结果是，这些习惯可能会造成一些长期危害。特别是，海马体的可塑性似乎会受到影响，损害大脑适应和改变新信息和需求的能力。)”可知，本文主要讲的是一项关于将能量饮料与酒精混合饮用对青春期大鼠认知能力长期影响的研究，研究发现，这种混合饮品会导致大鼠在学习和记忆能力方面出现持久性改变，特别是影响海马体的可塑性，进而损害大脑适应新信息和需求的能力，因此最好的题目是D选项“Energy Drinks Mixed with Alcohol, Brain Functions Affected (混合酒精的能量饮料影响大脑功能)”。故选D。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·山西省吕梁·期中） Doing less sitting and more moving is tied to living longer, according to a new study. Replacing 30 minutes per day of sedentary (久坐不动的) time with 30 minutes of physical activity at a light intensity (强度) was associated with a 17% lower risk of early death in a study published in the American Journal of Epidemiology on Monday. The study also found that replacing 30 minutes of sedentary time with 30 minutes of moderate to vigorous (剧烈的) exercise was associated with a 35% lower risk of early death. “If you replace 30 minutes of sitting time with 30 minutes of light-intensity physical activity — so something just like a casual walk down the hall — that still can lower your risk,” said Keith Diaz, a professor at Columbia University Medical Center in New York. “Obviously, it doesn’t lower your risk as much as exercise, or as much as moderate to vigorous physical activity, but it still can lower risk, and to us, that was somewhat of a new finding,” he said. “Any movement for any length of time is going to give you health benefit, and this is really shifting what we know about physical activity.” The study included national data on 7,999 people aged 45 and older who wore activity monitors to track their sedentary time between 2009 and 2013.The researchers used that data to analyze the benefits that could be caused if sedentary time in the data was replaced with physical activity. The researchers found that replacing sitting time with exercise and movement was associated with a benefit, but replacing long periods of sitting with shorter periods of sitting was not. “In our previous work, we found that if you take a break every 30 minutes, it will lower your risk from sitting,” Diaz said, but the new study didn’t show that in the data. “We went deeper into the data to try to understand that more, and why people who took a movement every 30 minutes had a lower risk of death. It’s because they just had more opportunity to move,” he said. 1．Which of the following helps reduce the risk of dying early by 17%? A．A moderate exercise for 30 minutes. B．A vigorous workout for 35 minutes. C．A 30 minutes’ light physical activity. D．A break every 30 minute-long sitting at work 2．What’s Diaz’s opinion about movement? A．The longer the movement is, the better the result is. B．Movements for any length of time are beneficial. C．30 minutes of moderate exercise is the best choice. D．A casual walk down the hall can benefit you greatly. 3．Why did the researchers do further research on the national data? A．To find out the necessity to take a break every 30 minutes. B．To prove the benefit of doing a little bit of physical exercise. C．To understand the proper length of time for physical exercise. D．To know why physical activity every 30 minutes is beneficial. 4．What’s the best title for the text? A．Being way from Sitting Too Long B．Living Longer by Less Sitting and More Moving C．The Significance of Different Levels of Moving D．The Relationship between Early Death and Exercising 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了少坐并进行适量的运动可以让人更加长寿。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Replacing 30 minutes per day of sedentary (久坐不动的) time with 30 minutes of physical activity at a light intensity (强度) was associated with a 17% lower risk of early death in a study published in the American Journal of Epidemiology on Monday(周一发表在《美国流行病学杂志》上的一项研究表明，将每天30分钟的久坐时间换成30分钟的低强度体力活动，可以降低17%的早死风险)”可知，30分钟的低强度运动可以降低17%的早死风险。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第五段“Any movement for any length of time is going to give you health benefit, and this is really shifting what we know about physical activity(任何时间的任何运动都会给你带来健康益处，这确实改变了我们对体育活动的认识)”可知，迪亚斯认为任何时间的任何运动都是有好处的。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“We went deeper into the data to try to understand that more, and why people who took a movement every 30 minutes had a lower risk of death(我们深入研究了数据，试图更多地了解这一点，以及为什么每30分钟运动一次的人死亡风险较低)”可知，研究人员对数据进行进一步研究是为了更好了解为什么每30分钟运动一次是有益的。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Doing less sitting and more moving is tied to living longer, according to a new study(一项新研究表明，少坐多动与长寿有关)”可知，本文主要讲述了少坐多动会让人长寿。故选B。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高二上·青海省·期中） Humans have a positive view of nature. But is this due to an approach we have learned while growing up, or is it something we are born with? The answer is “Both”, according to researchers at the University of Gothenburg and the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences. Our love of nature is highly individual and should influence how we plan our cities, say the researchers. It is well known that nature has a positive effect on people. In cities in particular, studies have shown that trees and other greenery contribute to people’s wellbeing. However, experts do not agree on the reasons behind this phenomenon. Researchers from the University of Gothenburg and the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences have reviewed several studies within this field that examine both innate factors and what individuals experience during their lives, primarily as children. In a Japanese study, subjects were asked to walk in a forest and in a city while their heartbeat was measured. This showed that positive emotions increased in 65% of people while they are walking in a forest. Thus, far from everyone had a positive view of nature. Another environmental psychology study found that research subjects are unconsciously (无意识地) drawn to nature instead of cities, and that this attraction was strengthened in those whose childhood was rich in nature. An additional study on identical and non-identical twins showed that a genetic (遗传的) component influences an individual’s positive or negative relationship with nature. But the study also highlighted the importance of environment in terms of attitudes towards nature. Moreover, nature can mean completely different things to different people. Some enjoy parks with lawns and planted trees, while others prefer being in the wilderness. The researchers believe that this variation is also determined by both genetics and environment. “So it’s important that we don’t standardise nature when planning greenery in our towns and cities,” adds Marcus Hedblom, a researcher at the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and co-author of the article. “We shouldn’t replace wild greenery with a park and assume that it will be good for everyone.” 1．How did the author introduce the topic? A．By bringing up an argument. B．By listing a series of facts. C．By referring to different opinions. D．By asking and answering questions. 2．What does the underlined word “innate” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Social. B．Inborn. C．Extra. D．Unique. 3．What did the Japanese study indicate? A．People had a negative experience in nature. B．People were unconsciously drawn to nature. C．All people didn’t respond to nature positively. D．The feeling toward nature was related to childhood. 4．What is a suitable title for the text? A．Why Do We Love Nature? B．How Do People Feel in Nature? C．What Makes Nature So Powerful? D．Why Is Nature Important to Humans? 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是研究人员说，人们对自然的热爱是高度个人化的，应该会影响我们如何规划城市。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Humans have a positive view of nature. But is this due to an approach we have learned while growing up, or is it something we are born with?(人类对自然有着积极的看法。但这是由于我们在成长过程中学到的一种方法，还是我们与生俱来的？)”和“The answer is “Both”, according to researchers at the University of Gothenburg and the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences.(哥德堡大学和瑞典农业科学大学的研究人员表示，答案是“两者都有”。)”可知，作者是通过提问和回答问题引入话题的。故选D。 2．词句猜测题。根据第一段“But is this due to an approach we have learned while growing up, or is it something we are born with?(但这是由于我们在成长过程中学到的一种方法，还是我们与生俱来的？)”和第三段“and what individuals experience during their lives, primarily as children(以及个人在他们的生活中，主要是在儿童时期所经历的)”可知，划线词所在的句子表示“University of Gothenburg和Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences的研究人员回顾了该领域的几项研究，这些研究既考察了先天因素，也考察了个人在生活中（主要是在儿童时期）经历的事情”，划线词innate的意思是“天生的”，和inborn意思相近，故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“This showed that positive emotions increased in 65% of people while they are walking in a forest. Thus, far from everyone had a positive view of nature.(研究表明，65%的人在森林中散步时，积极情绪增加了。因此，远非每个人都有一个积极的自然观。)”可知，日本的研究表明了并不是所有的人都对自然做出积极的反应。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Humans have a positive view of nature. But is this due to an approach we have learned while growing up, or is it something we are born with? The answer is “Both”, according to researchers at the University of Gothenburg and the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences. Our love of nature is highly individual and should influence how we plan our cities, say the researchers.(人类对自然有着积极的看法。但这是由于我们在成长过程中学到的一种方法，还是我们与生俱来的？哥德堡大学和瑞典农业科学大学的研究人员表示，答案是“两者都有”。研究人员说，我们对自然的热爱是高度个人化的，应该会影响我们如何规划城市。)”可知，本文主要讲的是研究人员说，人们对自然的热爱是高度个人化的，应该会影响我们如何规划城市，也就是我们为什么会热爱大自然，因此最恰当的题目是A选项“Why Do We Love Nature?(我们为什么热爱大自然？)”。故选A。 主题02 人与自我——丰富完善自我 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·陕西省咸阳市·期中） Sensory-based food education given to 3 — 5-year-old children in the kindergarten increases their willingness to choose vegetables and fruit, according to a new study from the University of Eastern Finland. The researchers used the sensory-based food education method Sapere, which makes use of children’s natural way of relying on all of the five senses when learning new things. In the Sapere method, children are given an active role around food, and they are encouraged to share their sensory experiences. For example, kindergartens can introduce different vegetables and fruit to children. They can involve children in baking and cooking, and they can offer children opportunities to grow their own vegetables in the kindergarten backyard. Food-related themes can also be included in books and games. The researchers compared children in different kindergarten groups. Some were offered sensory-based food education, while others weren’t. Children were offered a snack buffet containing different vegetables and fruit to choose from, and the researchers took photos of their plates to analyse their willingness to choose and eat these food items. The findings show that sensory-based food education increased children’s willingness to choose vegetables and fruit, especially among children whose parents had a lower educational background. On average, children of lower-educated parents tend to eat fewer vegetables and fruit. This is how food education given in the kindergarten can help even out the dietary gap between families. “Another interesting finding is that the Sapere food education method also seems to improve the eating atmosphere in kindergarten groups. This encourages children to choose a more diverse selection on their plates,” explains Kähkönen, who is an expert on health. Positive and personal food-related experiences gained in the kindergarten can help adjust dietary preferences in a direction that is beneficial to health. Dietary preferences learned in early childhood often stick with a person all the way to adolescence and adulthood. 1．What is the main focus of the new study? A．The relation between diet and health. B．The impact of family on food choices. C．The role of kindergartens in food education. D．The effectiveness of Sapere in food education. 2．How did the researchers conduct their research? A．By making a comparison. B．By analyzing the previous cases. C．By interviewing some children. D．By collecting the relevant data. 3．What do the underlined words “even out” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Measure. B．Narrow. C．Analyze. D．Update. 4．What’s Kähkönen’s attitude towards the Sapere method? A．Doubtful. B．Opposed. C．Favorable. D．Unclear. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。一项新研究显示，在幼儿园对3到5岁的孩子进行以感官为基础的食物教育会增强他们选择蔬菜和水果的意愿。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“The researchers used the sensory-based food education method Sapere, which makes use of children’s natural way of relying on all of the five senses when learning new things.(研究人员使用了基于感官的食物教育方法Sapere，该方法利用了儿童在学习新事物时依赖所有五种感官的自然方式)”可知，这项新研究的主要焦点是Sapere在食品教育中的有效性。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“The researchers compared children in different kindergarten groups.(研究人员比较了不同幼儿园组的孩子)”可知，研究者使用对比的方式进行研究。故选A。 3．词句猜测题。根据第四段“The findings show that sensory-based food education increased children’s willingness to choose vegetables and fruit, especially among children whose parents had a lower educational background. On average, children of lower-educated parents tend to eat fewer vegetables and fruit.(研究结果表明，以感官为基础的食物教育增加了孩子们选择蔬菜和水果的意愿，尤其是在父母受教育程度较低的孩子中。平均而言，父母受教育程度较低的孩子往往吃较少的蔬菜和水果)”以及划线词上文“ This is how food education given in the kindergarten can help(这就是幼儿园的饮食教育如何帮助……)”可知，食物教育在提高儿童选择蔬菜和水果的意愿上起着重要的作用。所以幼儿园的食物教育可以帮助缩小不同家庭间孩子在饮食习惯上的差异。故画线词与Narrow意思最为接近，表示“缩小”。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据第五段““Another interesting finding is that the Sapere food education method also seems to improve the eating atmosphere in kindergarten groups. This encourages children to choose a more diverse selection on their plates,” explains Kähkönen, who is an expert on health. (“另一个有趣的发现是，Sapere食品教育方法似乎也改善了幼儿园群体的饮食氛围。这鼓励孩子们在他们的盘子里选择更多样化的食物，”健康专家Kähkönen解释说)”可推断，Kähkönen对Sapere方法持“支持”的态度。故选C。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·山西省大同市·期中） Words are powerful: they have the ability to lift up the lowest of the low or tear down the highest of the high. But a strong argument could be made that our body language is even more influential. The most effective communication occurs when the importance of body language in teaching is acknowledged. When these nonverbal signals are working together with our words, it creates communication synergy. It has been suggested that two-thirds of our communication is nonverbal. Positive body language in a classroom setting has the ability to motivate, inspire and engage. It can not only give you the confidence you need to teach but can also inform your students that you actually know what you’re talking about. It can even make your students feel safe and confident enough to participate in the lessons more frequently. Most leadership positions encourage body language that shows power and confidence. Signals include standing tall, gesturing only from the waist up, head straight and forward, and talking while pointing to others, which are obvious ways to exercise control. But when teaching, the nonverbal signals need to show a different type of leader. These signals convey warmth and understanding, reminding your students that you are approachable and there to help them grow. For example, fix your eyes on one student for about 15-30 seconds before changing to another student, which is one of the best ways to keep students’ focus. Nod your head. Give the thumbs up! Show them they are on the right path and they will be more confident in continuing down it. The importance of body language can never be ignored. It’s desirable that you should advocate using body language in teaching and pay attention to the use rule and using skills. You should use right, natural and clear body language. It’s crucial that you create good classroom atmosphere, inspire students’ imagination and grasp students’ mood. 1．What can we learn from Paragraph 1? A．Words are more powerful than body language in conveying meaning. B．Nonverbal cues account for only a minor part of the communication. C．Teachers should focus on their verbal expressions rather than their body language. D．Combining body language and spoken communication enhances teaching effectiveness. 2．What do most leadership positions mainly express? A．Warmth. B．Encouragement. C．Understanding. D．Control. 3．What’s the purpose of the last paragraph? A．To give suggestions. B．To make a description. C．To explain a theory. D．To summarize a debate. 4．What is the text mainly talking about? A．The value of teacher-student communication. B．The effective ways of good communication. C．The importance of teacher’s body language. D．The prospect of students’ nonverbal learning. 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了教师肢体语言的重要性。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“The most effective communication occurs when the importance of body language in teaching is acknowledged. When these nonverbal signals are working together with our words, it creates communication synergy.(当肢体语言在教学中的重要性得到认可时，最有效的交流就会发生。当这些非语言信号与我们的语言一起工作时，就会产生沟通协同作用。)”可知，我们能从第一段中了解到肢体语言与口语交际相结合，提高了教学效果。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Most leadership positions encourage body language that shows power and confidence. Signals include standing tall, gesturing only from the waist up, head straight and forward, and talking while pointing to others, which are obvious ways to exercise control.(大多数领导职位都鼓励展示权力和自信的肢体语言。信号包括站得高，只做腰部以上的手势，头向前伸直，说话时指着别人，这些都是很明显的控制方式。)”可知，大多数领导职位主要表现为控制。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The importance of body language can never be ignored. It’s desirable that you should advocate using body language in teaching and pay attention to the use rule and using skills. You should use right, natural and clear body language. It’s crucial that you create good classroom atmosphere, inspire students’ imagination and grasp students’ mood.(肢体语言的重要性不容忽视。在教学中提倡使用肢体语言，注意使用规则和使用技巧。你应该使用正确、自然、清晰的肢体语言。营造良好的课堂氛围，激发学生的想象力，把握学生的情绪是至关重要的。)”可推断出，最后一段的目的是给出建议，建议教师在教学中使用肢体语言。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“The most effective communication occurs when the importance of body language in teaching is acknowledged.(当肢体语言在教学中的重要性得到认可时，最有效的交流就会发生。)”和最后 一段中“The importance of body language can never be ignored.(肢体语言的重要性不容忽视。)”可知，文章主要介绍了教师肢体语言的重要性。故选C。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高二上·青海省·期中） A study led by the University of Eastern Finland suggests that teenagers who engage in active school transport (walking/cycling to or from school at least once per week) and leisure-time physical activity perform better at secondary school than their inactive peers (同龄人). Regular leisure-time physical activity was also associated with lower possibilities of school burnout (倦怠). The findings were published in the European Journal of Public Health. The relationship of physical activity and academic achievement is complex. However, previous studies have found that especially school-based physical activity, such as physical education, can improve classroom performance — particularly in mathematics. Despite this, few studies have examined the association between active school transport and educational outcomes. In the recently published study of over 34, 000 teenagers, researchers observed that active school transport was associated with higher chances of high perceived academic performance and self-reported competence in academic skills. Being physically active before school could, for example, enhance concentration in class. The association was even stronger for leisure-time physical activity. Similar to previous studies, the relationship between leisure-time physical activity and mathematical skills stood out. Leisure-time physical activity was also inversely associated (负相关的) with school burnout. As little as 30 minutes of weekly activity was associated with 24% lower possibilities of school burnout. Teenagers who engaged in leisure-time physical activity for 4 to 6 hours a week had 46% lower possibilities of school burnout compared to their physically inactive peers. Both leisure-time physical activity and active school transport were also positively associated with school enjoyment. “To the best of my knowledge, this was the first large-scale study to examine the association between physical activity and school burnout among teenagers. Leisure-time physical activity can be an effective way to disconnect from schoolwork and the potential stress related to it. If schools can increase the amount of leisure-time physical activity among youth, both learning and wellbeing benefits can be significant,” said Juuso Jussila, a Doctoral Researcher at the University of Eastern Finland. 1．Which aspect of the study does paragraph 1 focus on? A．Its purpose. B．Its subjects. C．Its result. D．Its process. 2．According to the text, the relationship between workout and academic performance is ________. A．complex B．clear C．meaningless D．simple 3．How may a student cycling to school perform? A．Feel tired in class. B．Pay more attention in class. C．Be afraid of learning mathematics. D．Be eager to do physical activity. 4．What’s Jussila’s suggestion for schools? A．Asking students to respect teachers. B．Teaching students how to be happy. C．Focusing on improving students’ scores. D．Increasing students’ time for physical activity. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文，一项研究表明，多参加学校体育活动有助于提高学生的学业表现。 1．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“A study led by the University of Eastern Finland suggests that teenagers who engage in active school transport(walking/cycling to or from school at least once per week) and leisure-time physical activity perform better at secondary school than their inactive peers (同龄人). Regular leisure-time physical activity was also associated with lower possibilities of school burnout (倦怠). The findings were published in the European Journal of Public Health.(东芬兰大学领导的一项研究表明，积极参与学校交通（每周至少一次步行/骑自行车上下学）和闲暇时间体育锻炼的青少年在中学的表现要比不怎么运动的同龄人好。有规律的闲暇时间体育活动也与降低学校倦怠的可能性有关。研究结果发表在《欧洲公共卫生杂志》上)”可知，第一段主要是讲述这项研究的结果，在学校里多进行体育活动的学生在学校表现更好，故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The relationship of physical activity and academic achievement is complex.(体育活动和学业成绩之间的关系是复杂的)”可知，锻炼和学习成绩之间的关系是复杂的，故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Being physically active before school could, for example, enhance concentration in class.(例如，上学前进行体育锻炼可以提高课堂上的注意力)”可知，上学前进行体育锻炼可以提高课堂上的注意力，所以骑自行车上学的孩子可能在课堂上的注意力更集中，故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段中Jussila说的话“If schools can increase the amount of leisure-time physical activity among youth, both learning and wellbeing benefits can be significant(如果学校能增加青少年在闲暇时间的体育活动，对学习和健康都有很大的好处)”可知，Jussila建议学校增加学生的体育活动时间，故选D。 主题03 人与自然—— 自然与环保 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·山西省太原市·期中） Like many things in life, the best results are achieved by working together. This is especially true with plants! The latest research on “companion planting” stresses the importance of viewing our gardens as ecosystems where plants interact with each other to create a healthy, bio-diverse place. Plants actively affect each other through various ways like fungal connections, chemical messaging and resource sharing, which helps attract helpful insects, improve nutrient availability and absorption. When we plant one type of plant in an area, like tomatoes, we create a“monoculture”, which often leads to more pesticides and chemical fertilizers (肥料). However, when we put different plants to grow together, we create a“polyculture,” which leads to biodiversity. It means a more stable environment for vegetables and other plants to grow well by augmenting nutrient cycling, water conservation, pest control and carbon storage. What is modern research-based companion planting? Scientists like to call it inter-planting to make a polyculture for garden benefits. Using science helps us know why and how certain plant combinations work well. Jessica Walliser, author of Plant Partners: Science-Based Companion Planting Strategies for the Vegetable Garden, provides plant pairs that reduce pests, prevent diseases and enrich soil quality. Using science as your guide and gardening with companion plants will help you learn about your own unique corner of the world. Have fun as you try out plant combinations and create a diverse living space outside your door. You’ll look at your garden in a whole new way as you observe the changes in color and texture while enjoying the overall well-being of your garden. 1．What does companion planting refer to according to the latest research? A．Creating colorful gardens. B．Growing more local plants. C．Mixing various interactive plants. D．Using chemicals to aid plant growth. 2．What negative effect can monoculture have on gardens? A．Reduced living space. B．Polluted water quality. C．Increased pests and diseases. D．Enhanced reliance on sunlight. 3．What does the underlined word “augmenting” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Promoting. B．Declining. C．Examining. D．Overcoming. 4．What does Jessica Walliser’s book focus on? A．Tips for soil improvement. B．Ways to plant pairing types. C．Methods for garden designs. D．Approaches to using pesticides. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了现代基于研究的伴生种植相关内容，包括其概念、与单一种植的对比、益处以及相关书籍所提供的信息等，强调了伴生种植对打造健康多样花园的重要性。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“The latest research on ‘companion planting’ stresses the importance of viewing our gardens as ecosystems where plants interact with each other to create a healthy, bio-diverse place. (关于“伴生种植”的最新研究强调，应将我们的花园视为一个生态系统，在这个系统中，植物之间相互作用，从而营造出一个健康、生物多样的环境。)”可知，最新研究提到的伴生种植是指将不同相互作用的植物混合种植在一起，营造健康、生物多样的环境。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“When we plant one type of plant in an area, like tomatoes, we create a ‘monoculture’, which often leads to more pesticides and chemical fertilizers (肥料). (当我们在一个区域只种植一种植物，比如西红柿时，就形成了“单一种植”，这往往会导致更多地使用杀虫剂和化肥。)”可知，单一种植往往会导致更多地使用杀虫剂和化肥，这意味着病虫害可能会增多，需要更多化学药剂来防治。故选C。 3．词句猜测题。根据文章第三段中“It means a more stable environment for vegetables and other plants to grow well by augmenting nutrient cycling, water conservation, pest control and carbon storage. (它意味着通过促进养分循环、节水、害虫防治和碳储存，为蔬菜和其他植物的良好生长创造一个更稳定的环境。)”可知，这里说的是通过某种方式让蔬菜和其他植物有更稳定的生长环境，而这种方式涉及到营养循环、节水、害虫防治和碳储存等方面，结合语境，这些方面应该是得到促进、提升，才能营造更好的生长环境。augmenting意为“促进”。A. Promoting促进；B. Declining下降，减少；C. Examining检查，审查；D. Overcoming克服。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“Jessica Walliser, author of Plant Partners: Science-Based Companion Planting Strategies for the Vegetable Garden, provides plant pairs that reduce pests, prevent diseases and enrich soil quality. (杰西卡・沃利瑟 (Jessica Walliser)是《植物伙伴：蔬菜园基于科学的伴生种植策略》一书的作者，她提供了一些植物配对组合，这些组合可以减少害虫、预防疾病并提高土壤质量。)”可知，Jessica Walliser的书主要提供了一些植物配对的方式，这些配对可以减少害虫、预防疾病以及提高土壤质量。所以该书聚焦于植物配对的方式。故选B。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·甘肃省兰州市·期中） Within the beautiful scenery of Wisconsin’s Lake Chippewa lies a natural wonder that is a unique challenge for the local community. This hidden wonder is exactly a giant floating island. The island, made up of plants and trees, sometimes floats around the lake, causing a major inconvenience by blocking (阻塞) an important bridge. Later, the local people came up with a solution to this problem. Every year, local boat owners work together and push the island away from the bridge. Lake Chippewa was born in 1923 when a vast bog (沼泽) was changed through flooding. Soon after that, many of the dark bogs started rising to the surface and became perfect growing places for plants, with seeds carried by wind and wild birds to this floating place. Over the years, these bogs have grown plants and trees and turned into full islands. As time goes by, plants take root, and the oldest islands even have trees that act as sails (船帆) when the wind blows, moving the entire floating island around the lake. Although the years-old floating island does not relocate (重新迁移) so often, when it does, it causes trouble for the community by blocking the important bridge that serves as the only passage between the lake’s East and West sides. The only solution is to gather a group of boats, and not just one or two, but dozens of boats working together to push the island away. “It takes a community’s effort, and you must have the winds at your back to push them in,” said a resident. Moving the island also requires precision (精确), as just relocating it a short distance may result in its return within days. Some people have suggested destroying the floating islands to get rid of the problem. However, the big bog in Lake Chippewa has been around for many years, and during that time a variety of animal and plant species have made it their home. Therefore, local government advises they be dealt with in a way that won’t do harm to wildlife, paying more attention to the fine-drawn balance between human convenience and environmental protection. The annual tradition of relocating Lake Chippewa’s floating island is evidence to the coexistence of man and nature, a heartwarming display of community unity, and a reminder of the importance of preserving the unique areas that enrich our world. 1．What does the underlined word “solution” in paragraph 1 refer to? A．Building a new bridge. B．Moving the floating island away. C．Transforming the vast bog. D．Rebuilding the local community. 2．What can we know from paragraph 2? A．The formation of the floating island. B．The history of flooding in Lake Chippewa. C．The varieties of species in Lake Chippewa. D．The impact of the wind on the floating island. 3．Which of the following statements is true about the relocation work from paragraph 3? A．It is usually finished within days. B．It is a must in cooperation and precision. C．It can only be carried out during windless days. D．It greatly disturbs the community residents’ lives. 4．Why has the local government refused to destroy the island? A．To save costs for local people. B．To ensure the safety of residents. C．To improve the bond between communities. D．To protect the wildlife species on the island. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了位于威斯康星州奇皮瓦湖的一个自然奇观——巨大的漂浮岛屿。 1．词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句上文“The island, made up of plants and trees, sometimes floats around the lake, causing a major inconvenience by blocking (阻塞) an important bridge.(这个由植物和树木组成的岛屿有时会漂浮在湖面上，堵塞了一座重要的桥梁，给人们带来了很大的不便)”可知，漂浮岛造成的问题是“堵塞了一座重要的桥梁”。结合划线词所在句下文“Every year, local boat owners work together and push the island away from the bridge.(每年，当地的船主都会齐心协力，把小岛从桥上推开)”可知，当地人们想到的办法(solution)是把漂浮岛推走。故选B项。 2．主旨大意题。根据第二段中“Lake Chippewa was born in 1923 when a vast bog (沼泽) was changed through flooding. Soon after that, many of the dark bogs started rising to the surface and became perfect growing places for plants, with seeds carried by wind and wild birds to this floating place. Over the years, these bogs have grown plants and trees and turned into full islands. As time goes by, plants take root, and the oldest islands even have trees that act as sails (船帆) when the wind blows, moving the entire floating island around the lake.(奇佩瓦湖诞生于1923年，当时一个巨大的沼泽被洪水改变了。不久之后，许多黑暗的沼泽开始浮出水面，成为植物生长的理想场所，种子被风和野鸟带到这个漂浮的地方。多年来，这些沼泽长出了植物和树木，变成了完整的岛屿。随着时间的流逝，植物生根发芽，最古老的岛屿上甚至有树木，当风吹起时，它们就像船帆一样，将整个漂浮的岛屿移动到湖中)”可知，从第二段我们可以知道漂浮岛是如何形成的。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中““It takes a community’s effort, and you must have the winds at your back to push them in,” said a resident. Moving the island also requires precision (精确), as just relocating it a short distance may result in its return within days.(一位居民说：“这需要整个社区的努力，而且你必须有顺风才能把它们推进来。”移动岛屿也需要精确，因为仅仅将它移动一小段距离就可能导致它在几天内返回。)”可知，推出漂浮岛需要社区的合作和精确。故选B项。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Some people have suggested destroying the floating islands to get rid of the problem. However, the big bog in Lake Chippewa has been around for many years, and during that time a variety of animal and plant species have made it their home. Therefore, local government advises they be dealt with in a way that won’t do harm to wildlife, paying more attention to the fine-drawn balance between human convenience and environmental protection.(有些人建议摧毁浮岛来解决这个问题。然而，奇佩瓦湖的大沼泽已经存在了很多年，在此期间，各种各样的动物和植物物种都在这里安家。因此，当地政府建议以不伤害野生动物的方式处理它们，更加注重人类便利与环境保护之间的微妙平衡)”可知，当地政府拒绝摧毁这座岛是为了保护岛上的野生动物。故选D项。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高二上·山西省·期中） In Mexico, a chinampa is an island that was built up by the native Aztec people with mud from the bottom of a lake that surrounds their capital. One of these areas is called Xochimiloo. Food grown on the islands in Xochimilco has fed people for hundreds of years, but the chinampas here are under threat from urbanization. Many families are giving up the ancient practice to rent out or sell their land for more profitable uses such as soccer fields and tourism. “If you do well in farming, you could earn $5,000 to S10.000 a year,” one local landowner said. “In the tourist area, you could have that within a couple of weekends.” Some of those remaining, like Cassandra Garduño, are banding together to promote the traditional use of the chinampas. When her grandfather died in 2010 and her uncles didn’t want to carry on, Garduño took it upon herself to learn farming. She bought land from a friend’s uncle in 2020 and grew kinds of produce, including sunflowers and eggplants. Now 32-year-old Garduño is one member of the growing organization called Chinampo Refuge, and she and other members encourage local people to protect their land. They follow ancient growing techniques but are trying new commercial approaches to compete with cheaper produce grown on massive farms elsewhere in Mexico. That includes a special label-Etiqueta Chinampera, which tells buyers the produce came from a chinampa. Luis Zambrano, an ecologist who has worked in Xochimilco for decades, says fed and watered by the lake, the fields can produce three to five crops of vegetables a year without the need for chemicals. But now, on weekends, it’s common to see more soccer players boating to islands than farmers tending their crops. Over the past two to three years, there has been a massive increase in the number of soccer fields on the islands. “It doesn’t look that harmful because there’s no construction,” says Zambrano. “But it’s just as damaging because of the amount of chemicals that are used, and the amount of pollution that is generated.” 1．What can we learn from paragraph 2? A．The chinampas have benefited from urbanization. B．Many farmers are using new farming technology. C．Farming affects the environment in Mexico badly. D．Farming is less profitable than tourism in Xochimilco. 2．What does paragraph 3 mainly tell us about Garduno? A．Her relationship with her family. B．The trouble she had in buying land. C．Her efforts to protect agricultural land. D．The challenges she met when learning farming. 3．What is the purpose of using Etiqueta Chinampera? A．To show the date of production. B．To indicate the food origin. C．To tell the price of the food. D．To explain the cooking method. 4．What is Zambrano’s attitude to building soccer fields on chinampas? A．Positive. B．Unconcerned. C．Disapproving. D．Unclear. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了墨西哥霍奇米尔科地区的岛屿已经为当地人提供了数百年的食物。然而现在这些岛屿受到了城市化的威胁。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第二段““If you do well in farming, you could earn $5,000 to S10.000 a year,” one local landowner said. “In the tourist area, you could have that within a couple of weekends.”(“如果你农活干得好，一年能挣5000到1万美元，”一位当地土地所有者说道。“在旅游区，你只需几个周末就能挣到这么多。”)”可知，在霍奇米尔科地区，农耕的经济收益不如旅游业。故选D。 2．主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“Now 32-year-old Garduño is one member of the growing organization called Chinampo Refuge, and she and other members encourage local people to protect their land.(现在32岁的Garduño是一个不断壮大的组织“Chinampo Refuge”的成员，她和其他成员鼓励当地人保护他们的土地。)”可知，第三段主要介绍了Garduño为保护农业用地所做的努力。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“That includes a special label-Etiqueta Chinampera, which tells buyers the produce came from a chinampa.(这包括一个特殊的标签——Etiqueta Chinampera，它告诉买家这些农产品来自浮田。)”可知，Etiqueta Chinampera是一个特殊标签，用于标明农产品的来源是浮田。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段““It doesn’t look that harmful because there’s no construction,” says Zambrano. “But it’s just as damaging because of the amount of chemicals that are used, and the amount of pollution that is generated.”(Zambrano说：“看起来似乎没那么有害，因为没有建筑。”“但由于使用了大量的化学物质，以及产生了大量的污染，它同样具有破坏性。”)”可知，从Zambrano的话中可以看出，他并不赞同在浮田上建造足球场，因为尽管没有建筑活动，但使用大量化学物质和产生的污染对浮田造成了同样的破坏。由此可推知，Zambrano对在岛上建足球场持反对态度。故选C。 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $