Unit4 Everyday economics 派生法背记单词清单-2025-2026学年高中英语外研版选择性必修第四册

该高中英语“Everyday economics”单元派生法词汇知识清单，系统梳理经济主题核心词汇及派生拓展，涵盖43组原词与派生词，构建“原词释义-语境例句-派生词形-用法示例”的层级学习支架。 清单通过“词性转换链”和“主题语境锚定”呈现知识体系，如“potential”派生出形容词及副词“potentially”，标注“核心词根”如“debt”，结合“make ends meet”等经济短语的生活化例句，培养语言能力与思维品质。设计派生词记忆提示，如“manufacturer”对应动词“manufacture”，助力不同学生高效掌握，教师可据此开展词汇教学与语境应用训练。

UNIT 4 Everyday economics.派生法背记单词 序号 原词 例句 派生词 例句 1 blank /blæŋk/ adj. 无表情的，木然的 Her mind went blank when she was asked a difficult question in the exam.（考试中被问到难题时，她的脑子一片空白。） 1. blank /blæŋk/ n. 空白处；空格2. blankly /ˈblæŋkli/ adv. 茫然地；无表情地 1. Please fill in the blanks with the correct words.（请用正确的单词填空。）2. He stared blankly at the wall, not knowing what to do.（他茫然地盯着墙，不知道该做什么。） 2 dizzy /ˈdɪzi/ adj. 头晕目眩的；使人眩晕的 She felt dizzy after standing in the sun for a long time.（在太阳下站了很久后，她感到头晕。） 1. dizziness /ˈdɪzinəs/ n. 头晕；眩晕2. dizzy /ˈdɪzi/ v. 使头晕；使眩晕 1. The patient complained of dizziness and fatigue.（病人抱怨头晕和疲劳。）2. The fast-spinning ride dizzied most of the children.（快速旋转的游乐设施让大多数孩子感到眩晕。） 3 chairwoman /ˈtʃeəwʊmən/ n. 女主席；女会长；女议长 The chairwoman of the meeting summarized the main points at the end.（会议女主席在最后总结了要点。） 1. chair /tʃeə/ v. 主持（会议、活动等）2. chairman /ˈtʃeəmən/ n. 主席；会长（男性） 1. Professor Li will chair the international conference next month.（李教授将主持下个月的国际会议。）2. The chairman of the company announced a new development plan.（公司主席宣布了一项新的发展计划。） 4 sunrise /ˈsʌnraɪz/ n. 日出（时分）；黎明 We got up early to watch the beautiful sunrise by the sea.（我们早起去海边看美丽的日出。） 1. sun /sʌn/ n. 太阳；阳光2. rise /raɪz/ v. 升起；上升；n. 上升 1. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.（太阳东升西落。）2. The rise in temperature makes people feel more comfortable.（气温的上升让人们感觉更舒适。） 5 potential /pəˈtenʃl/ n.（事物的）潜力，可能性；adj. 潜在的 This new technology has great potential to change our lives.（这项新技术有改变我们生活的巨大潜力。） 1. potential /pəˈtenʃl/ adj. 潜在的；可能的2. potentially /pəˈtenʃəli/ adv. 潜在地；可能地 1. We must take measures to avoid potential risks.（我们必须采取措施规避潜在风险。）2. This chemical is potentially harmful to the environment.（这种化学物质对环境有潜在危害。） 6 bug /bʌɡ/ n. 突然的兴趣，迷恋；小虫子 She has a bug for painting and spends hours on it every day.（她迷上了绘画，每天花好几个小时画画。） 1. bug /bʌɡ/ v. 烦扰；使恼怒2. buggy /ˈbʌɡi/ adj. 多虫的；（设备）有故障的 1. Stop bugging me—I need to finish my homework.（别烦我了，我要完成作业。）2. The old computer is buggy and often crashes.（这台旧电脑有故障，经常死机。） 7 enterprising /ˈentəpraɪzɪŋ/ adj. 有创业精神的；有进取心的 The enterprising student started a small online business to earn pocket money.（这个有进取心的学生开了家小型网店赚零花钱。） 1. enterprise /ˈentəpraɪz/ n. 企业；事业心；进取心2. enterprisingly /ˈentəpraɪzɪŋli/ adv. 有进取心地；有创业精神地 1. His family runs a small enterprise that sells local products.（他家经营一家销售本地产品的小企业。）2. She acted enterprisingly and found a solution to the problem quickly.（她积极主动，很快找到了解决问题的方法。） 8 input /ˈɪnpʊt/ n. 投入（物）；输入的信息；v. 输入 The teacher asked for students’ input on how to improve the class.（老师征求学生对如何改进课堂的意见。） 1. input /ˈɪnpʊt/ v. 输入（数据、信息等）2. input /ˈɪnpʊt/ adj. 输入的；供输入用的 1. You need to input your password to log into the system.（你需要输入密码才能登录系统。）2. This is an input device used to connect the keyboard to the computer.（这是一个用于连接键盘和电脑的输入设备。） 9 phase /feɪz/ n. 阶段，时期；v. 分阶段进行 The project is now in its final phase and will be completed next month.（这个项目现在处于最后阶段，下个月将完成。） 1. phase /feɪz/ v. 分阶段进行；逐步淘汰2. phased /feɪzd/ adj. 分阶段的；逐步的 1. The company plans to phase out old products and launch new ones.（公司计划逐步淘汰旧产品，推出新产品。）2. We adopted a phased approach to solve the complex problem.（我们采用分阶段的方法解决这个复杂问题。） 10 manufacturer /ˌmænjuˈfæktʃərə/ n. 制造商；制造公司 This car is produced by a well-known manufacturer in Germany.（这款车由德国一家知名制造商生产。） 1. manufacture /ˌmænjuˈfæktʃə/ v. 制造；生产2. manufactured /ˌmænjuˈfæktʃəd/ adj. 人造的；制造的 1. The factory manufactures electronic products for export.（这家工厂生产电子产品用于出口。）2. These are manufactured goods, not handmade ones.（这些是人造品，不是手工制作的。） 11 cosmetics /kɒzˈmetɪks/ n. 化妆品，美容品（复数） She bought a set of cosmetics as a birthday gift for her mother.（她买了一套化妆品作为妈妈的生日礼物。） 1. cosmetic /kɒzˈmetɪk/ adj. 化妆品的；表面的；装饰性的2. cosmetic /kɒzˈmetɪk/ n.（单数）化妆品（尤指面霜、口红等） 1. The store sells a variety of cosmetic products for different skin types.（这家店销售各种适合不同肤质的化妆品。）2. The changes they made were only cosmetic and didn’t solve the real problem.（他们做的改变只是表面的，没有解决实际问题。） 12 purchase /ˈpɜːtʃəs/ v. 购买；n. 购买；所购物品 She used her savings to purchase a new laptop for study.（她用积蓄买了一台新笔记本电脑供学习用。） 1. purchase /ˈpɜːtʃəs/ n. 购买；所购物品2. purchased /ˈpɜːtʃəst/ adj. 已购买的；采购的 1. Keep the receipt in case you need to return your purchase.（保留收据，以防你需要退换所购物品。）2. The purchased items will be delivered to your home within three days.（已购物品将在三天内送达你家。） 13 distribution /ˌdɪstrɪˈbjuːʃn/ n.（商品的）分销，经销；分配 The company has a good distribution network across the country.（这家公司在全国有完善的分销网络。） 1. distribute /dɪˈstrɪbjuːt/ v. 分销；分配；分发2. distributed /dɪˈstrɪbjuːtɪd/ adj. 分布的；分散的 1. The organization helps distribute food to people in need.（该组织协助向有需要的人分发食物。）2. These plants are widely distributed in tropical areas.（这些植物广泛分布在热带地区。） 14 entrepreneurial /ˌɒntrəprəˈnɜːriəl/ adj. 创业的，具有创业精神的 His entrepreneurial spirit led him to start his own company at the age of 25.（他的创业精神让他在25岁时创办了自己的公司。） 1. entrepreneur /ˌɒntrəprəˈnɜː/ n. 企业家；创业者2. entrepreneurially /ˌɒntrəprəˈnɜːriəli/ adv. 创业地；具有创业精神地 1. Many young entrepreneurs are willing to take risks to realize their dreams.（许多年轻企业家愿意冒险实现梦想。）2. She thought entrepreneurially and found a new market for her product.（她以创业思维思考，为产品找到了新市场。） 15 guidance /ˈɡaɪdns/ n. 指导，引导；咨询 Students can get career guidance from their teachers.（学生可以从老师那里获得职业指导。） 1. guide /ɡaɪd/ v. 指导；引导；带领2. guided /ˈɡaɪdɪd/ adj. 有指导的；受引导的 1. The tour guide led us around the ancient temple.（导游带我们参观了这座古寺。）2. We joined a guided tour of the museum to learn more about its history.（我们参加了博物馆的有导游讲解的游览，以了解更多其历史。） 16 consultant /kənˈsʌltənt/ n. 顾问；咨询顾问 The company hired a marketing consultant to improve its sales.（公司聘请了一位营销顾问来提升销售额。） 1. consult /kənˈsʌlt/ v. 咨询；请教；商量2. consultation /ˌkɒnsəlˈteɪʃn/ n. 咨询；商讨；会诊 1. You should consult a doctor if you have a persistent cough.（如果你持续咳嗽，应该咨询医生。）2. The team held a consultation to discuss the project plan.（团队召开了咨询会议讨论项目计划。） 17 conventional /kənˈvenʃənl/ adj. 传统的，常规的；符合习俗的 He prefers conventional teaching methods to online ones.（相比在线教学，他更喜欢传统的教学方法。） 1. convention /kənˈvenʃn/ n. 惯例；习俗；会议2. conventionally /kənˈvenʃənəli/ adv. 传统地；常规地 1. It’s a social convention to shake hands when meeting someone for the first time.（初次见面握手是一种社交惯例。）2. She dresses conventionally for work, usually in a suit.（她上班穿着传统，通常是套装。） 18 discriminate /dɪˈskrɪmɪneɪt/ v. 不公正地区别对待，歧视；辨别 It’s illegal to discriminate against people because of their race or gender.（因种族或性别歧视他人是违法的。） 1. discrimination /dɪˌskrɪmɪˈneɪʃn/ n. 歧视；辨别2. discriminatory /dɪˈskrɪmɪnətri/ adj. 歧视性的；区别对待的 1. The law prohibits discrimination in employment.（法律禁止就业歧视。）2. This policy is considered discriminatory against low-income groups.（这项政策被认为对低收入群体有歧视性。） 19 equator /ɪˈkweɪtə/ n. 赤道 Countries near the equator have a hot and humid climate all year round.（赤道附近的国家全年气候炎热潮湿。） 1. equatorial /ˌekwəˈtɔːriəl/ adj. 赤道的；近赤道的2. equatorward /ɪˈkweɪtəwəd/ adj. 向赤道的（高中核心扩展） 1. The Amazon Rainforest is located in the equatorial region.（亚马逊雨林位于赤道地区。）2. Winds in this area blow equatorward during summer.（夏季该地区的风向赤道方向吹。） 20 superior /suːˈpɪəriə/ adj. 质量上乘的，优质的；优于……的；n. 上级 This brand of coffee is superior to others in taste.（这个品牌的咖啡在口感上优于其他品牌。） 1. superior /suːˈpɪəriə/ n. 上级；优胜者2. superiority /suːˌpɪəriˈɒrəti/ n. 优越性；优势 1. You should report this problem to your immediate superior.（你应该把这个问题报告给你的直属上级。）2. The team’s technical superiority helped them win the competition.（团队的技术优势帮助他们赢得了比赛。） 21 mild /maɪld/ adj. 不浓烈的，淡的；温和的；轻微的 The soup has a mild flavor, suitable for children.（这汤味道清淡，适合孩子喝。） 1. mildly /maɪldli/ adv. 温和地；略微；淡淡地2. mildness /maɪldnəs/ n. 温和；清淡；轻微 1. She was mildly surprised when she heard the news.（听到这个消息时，她略微有些惊讶。）2. The mildness of the weather makes it perfect for outdoor activities.（天气温和，非常适合户外活动。） 22 calorie /ˈkæləri/ n. 卡（路里）（热量单位） We need to control our calorie intake to keep fit.（我们需要控制卡路里摄入以保持健康。） 1. caloric /kəˈlɒrɪk/ adj. 热量的；卡路里的2. calorie-free /ˈkæləri friː/ adj. 无卡路里的（高中核心扩展） 1. This food label shows the caloric content per 100 grams.（这个食品标签显示每100克的热量含量。）2. Most diet drinks are calorie-free and popular among dieters.（大多数减肥饮料无卡路里，在减肥人群中很受欢迎。） 23 subjective /səbˈdʒektɪv/ adj. 主观的；个人的 Art appreciation is often subjective—different people have different opinions.（艺术欣赏往往是主观的，不同人有不同看法。） 1. subjectivity /ˌsʌbdʒekˈtɪvəti/ n. 主观性；主观2. subjectively /səbˈdʒektɪvli/ adv. 主观地；凭个人感觉地 1. We should avoid subjectivity when making important decisions.（做重要决定时，我们应避免主观性。）2. He judges people subjectively based on their appearance.（他凭外表主观地判断人。） 24 make ends meet（短语，使收支仅能相抵；勉强维持生计） After her husband lost his job, she had to take a part-time job to make ends meet.（丈夫失业后，她不得不找兼职来勉强维持生计。） 1. end /end/ v. 结束；终止；n. 末端；结束2. meet /miːt/ v. 满足；遇见；n. 会议 1. The party will end with a performance by a famous singer.（派对将以一位著名歌手的表演结束。）2. The company needs to meet the needs of its customers to succeed.（公司需要满足客户需求才能成功。） 25 afloat /əˈfləʊt/ adj. 经济上周转得开的；不欠债的；漂浮的 The small business managed to stay afloat during the economic crisis.（这家小企业在经济危机期间设法维持了运转。） 1. afloat /əˈfləʊt/ adv. 漂浮地；经济上（维持运转地）2. float /fləʊt/ v. 漂浮；使浮动；提出（想法） 1. The boat stayed afloat in the rough sea.（小船在汹涌的大海中保持漂浮。）2. She floated the idea of organizing a charity event to help the poor.（她提出了组织慈善活动帮助穷人的想法。） 26 interfere /ˌɪntəˈfɪə/ v. 介入；干涉；干扰 Parents should not interfere too much in their children’s personal lives.（父母不应过多干涉孩子的私人生活。） 1. interference /ˌɪntəˈfɪərəns/ n. 干涉；干扰2. interfering /ˌɪntəˈfɪərɪŋ/ adj. 爱管闲事的；干涉的 1. The noise from the construction caused interference to the radio signal.（施工噪音干扰了无线电信号。）2. My interfering neighbor always asks about my private matters.（我那爱管闲事的邻居总打听我的私事。） 27 rational /ˈræʃnəl/ adj.（想法、决定等）合理的，基于理性的 We need to make a rational decision based on facts, not emotions.（我们需要基于事实而非情感做出合理决定。） 1. rationality /ˌræʃəˈnæləti/ n. 合理性；理性2. rationally /ˈræʃnəli/ adv. 理性地；合理地 1. The rationality of his plan was approved by all members of the team.（他计划的合理性得到了团队所有成员的认可。）2. Try to think rationally when you are angry.（生气时尽量理性思考。） 28 exceed /ɪkˈsiːd/ v. 超过，超出（数量、限制等） The number of participants exceeded our expectations.（参与者人数超出了我们的预期。） 1. excess /ɪkˈses/ n. 过量；超过；adj. 过量的2. excessive /ɪkˈsesɪv/ adj. 过多的；过度的 1. Don’t eat in excess—too much food is bad for your health.（不要暴饮暴食，吃太多对健康不好。）2. Excessive use of mobile phones affects students’ study.（过度使用手机影响学生学习。） 29 go into debt（短语，陷入债务之中，负债） He went into debt to pay for his mother’s medical treatment.（他为了给母亲治病陷入了债务。） 1. debt /det/ n. 债务；欠款（核心词根）2. debtor /ˈdetə/ n. 债务人；借方 1. He is trying to pay off his debt as soon as possible.（他正努力尽快还清债务。）2. The company is a major debtor to several banks.（这家公司是几家银行的主要债务人。） 30 financial /faɪˈnænʃl/ adj. 财政的，金融的；财务的 The family is facing financial difficulties after the father lost his job.（父亲失业后，这个家庭面临财务困难。） 1. finance /ˈfaɪnæns/ n. 金融；财政；财务；v. 为……提供资金2. financially /faɪˈnænʃəli/ adv. 财务上；金融上 1. She majors in finance at university and wants to work in a bank.（她在大学主修金融，想在银行工作。）2. The project is financially supported by the government.（这个项目得到了政府的资金支持。） 31 accumulate /əˈkjuːmjəleɪt/ v. 积累，积聚（钱、经验等） He accumulated a lot of work experience during his internship.（他在实习期间积累了大量工作经验。） 1. accumulation /əˌkjuːmjəˈleɪʃn/ n. 积累；积聚2. accumulated /əˈkjuːmjəleɪtɪd/ adj. 积累的；积聚的 1. The accumulation of stress can lead to health problems.（压力的积累会导致健康问题。）2. The accumulated data will be used for further research.（积累的数据将用于进一步研究。） 32 automatically /ˌɔːtəˈmætɪkli/ adv. 自动地；无意识地 The door closes automatically when someone walks through it.（有人走过时，门会自动关闭。） 1. automatic /ˌɔːtəˈmætɪk/ adj. 自动的；无意识的2. automatic /ˌɔːtəˈmætɪk/ n. 自动装置；自动手枪（高中核心扩展） 1. This washing machine has an automatic mode for delicate clothes.（这台洗衣机有针对精细衣物的自动模式。）2. The automatic on the camera helps take clear photos in low light.（相机的自动装置有助于在弱光下拍出清晰照片。） 33 toddler /ˈtɒdlə/ n. 学步的儿童，刚学走路的小孩 The toddler is learning to walk and often falls down.（这个学步儿童正在学走路，经常摔倒。） 1. toddle /ˈtɒdl/ v. 蹒跚学步；摇摇晃晃地走2. toddling /ˈtɒdlɪŋ/ adj. 蹒跚的；学步的 1. The baby started to toddle when she was 11 months old.（这个宝宝11个月大时开始蹒跚学步。）2. We followed the toddling child to make sure she didn’t get hurt.（我们跟着这个蹒跚学步的孩子，确保她不受伤。） 34 sorrow /ˈsɒrəʊ/ n. 令人悲伤的事，不幸；悲伤 The death of her pet dog was a great sorrow for the little girl.（宠物狗的去世对小女孩来说是件悲痛的事。） 1. sorrowful /ˈsɒrəʊfl/ adj. 悲伤的；令人悲痛的2. sorrowfully /ˈsɒrəʊfəli/ adv. 悲伤地；悲痛地 1. She had a sorrowful expression when she talked about her lost friend.（谈起失去的朋友时，她面露悲伤。）2. He shook his head sorrowfully and said he couldn’t help.（他悲伤地摇摇头，说自己帮不上忙。） 35 frustration /frʌˈstreɪʃn/ n. 懊丧，懊恼，沮丧；受挫 He couldn’t hide his frustration when he failed the exam again.（再次考试失败，他无法掩饰自己的沮丧。） 1. frustrate /frʌˈstreɪt/ v. 使沮丧；阻碍；挫败2. frustrated /frʌˈstreɪtɪd/ adj. 沮丧的；受挫的 1. The bad weather frustrated our plan to go hiking.（坏天气打乱了我们去徒步的计划。）2. She felt frustrated because she couldn’t solve the math problem.（她因为解不出这道数学题而感到沮丧。） 36 hire /ˈhaɪə/ v.（短期的）租用，租借；雇佣；n. 租用；雇佣 They decided to hire a car for their trip around the country.（他们决定租一辆车环游全国。） 1. hire /ˈhaɪə/ n. 租用；租金；雇佣2. hired /ˈhaɪəd/ adj. 租用的；被雇佣的 1. The hire of the equipment costs 200 yuan per day.（租用这套设备每天花费200元。）2. The company has hired several new employees this month.（这家公司这个月雇佣了几名新员工。） 37 designer clothes（短语，名牌服装；设计师设计的服装） She saved up for months to buy a set of designer clothes for the party.（她攒了几个月的钱，为派对买了一套名牌服装。） 1. design /dɪˈzaɪn/ v. 设计；构思；n. 设计；款式2. designer /dɪˈzaɪnə/ n. 设计师；设计者 1. She wants to design her own dress for the graduation ceremony.（她想为毕业典礼设计自己的裙子。）2. This famous designer has created many popular fashion styles.（这位著名设计师创作了许多流行的时尚款式。） 38 rent out（短语，出租（房屋、房间、土地等）） They rent out their spare room to students to earn extra money.（他们把闲置的房间租给学生，赚取额外收入。） 1. rent /rent/ v. 租用；出租；n. 租金2. rented /ˈrentɪd/ adj. 租用的；出租的 1. We rent an apartment near our school.（我们在学校附近租了一套公寓。）2. The rented car broke down on the way to the airport.（租来的车在去机场的路上坏了。） 39 supervision /ˌsuːpəˈvɪʒn/ n. 监督；管理；指导 The children played under the supervision of their teachers.（孩子们在老师的监督下玩耍。） 1. supervise /ˈsuːpəvaɪz/ v. 监督；管理；指导2. supervisory /ˌsuːpəˈvaɪzəri/ adj. 监督的；管理的 1. The manager needs to supervise the work of his team.（经理需要监督团队的工作。）2. The company has a supervisory board to ensure fair operations.（这家公司有监事会确保运营公平。） 40 expense /ɪkˈspens/ n. 费用，花费；开销 We need to cut down on unnecessary expenses to save money.（我们需要削减不必要的开支来存钱。） 1. expensive /ɪkˈspensɪv/ adj. 昂贵的；花钱多的2. expend /ɪkˈspend/ v. 花费（时间、金钱、精力等） 1. This brand of mobile phone is too expensive for most students.（这个品牌的手机对大多数学生来说太贵了。）2. She expended a lot of time and effort on this project.（她在这个项目上花费了大量时间和精力。） 41 abuse /əˈbjuːs/ n. 滥用；虐待；辱骂；v. 滥用；虐待 The abuse of power by some officials has been seriously punished.（一些官员滥用权力的行为受到了严厉惩罚。） 1. abuse /əˈbjuːs/ v. 滥用；虐待；辱骂2. abusive /əˈbjuːsɪv/ adj. 虐待的；辱骂的；滥用的 1. He was accused of abusing his position to get illegal benefits.（他被指控滥用职权获取非法利益。）2. The man was arrested for making abusive remarks to others.（这名男子因对他人进行辱骂而被逮捕。） 42 theft /θeft/ n. 偷窃，偷盗；盗窃行为 The theft of the valuable painting from the museum shocked everyone.（博物馆珍贵画作被盗的事震惊了所有人。） 1. steal /stiːl/ v. 偷，偷窃；n. 偷窃行为2. stolen /ˈstəʊlən/ adj. 被偷的；失窃的 1. Someone stole my wallet when I was on the bus.（我在公交车上时，有人偷了我的钱包。）2. The police found the stolen car in a small village.（警方在一个小村庄找到了那辆被盗的车。） 43 purse /pɜːs/ n.（女式）钱包；手提包；v. 皱起（嘴唇） She put her credit card and cash in her leather purse.（她把信用卡和现金放进皮质钱包里。） 1. purse /pɜːs/ v. 皱起（嘴唇）；撅嘴2. purser /ˈpɜːsə/ n.（船、飞机上的）事务长（高中核心扩展） 1. She pursed her lips in disagreement when she heard the plan.（听到这个计划时，她撅起嘴表示反对。）2. The purser on the plane helped passengers with their luggage.（飞机上的事务长帮乘客拿行李。） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $