Unit 1 Looking forwards 词汇拓展短语背记（二）清单-2024-2025学年高中英语外研版选择性必修第四册

该高中英语单元知识清单系统梳理了UNIT 1 "Looking forwards"的词汇拓展与语境应用内容，涵盖高频短语、多义词搭配、跨情境表达三大知识范畴，为学生搭建了从基础短语记忆到语境灵活运用再到逻辑思维表达的递进式学习支架。 清单采用“多情境例句对比”和“功能意念分类”的方式构建知识体系，每个短语配备2个中英对照例句，如“diverge”涵盖“道路分岔”与“观点分歧”情境，通过对比分析培养学生思维品质。贴近学生生活的例句（如“numerous students attended the lecture”）激发学习兴趣，提升学习能力，教师可利用其丰富课堂活动，助力学生语言能力的综合提升。

UNIT 1 Looking forwards.词汇拓展短语背记（二） 序号 短语或句型 意思 例句（中英对照） 1 complex mathematical problems 复杂的数学题 1. These complex mathematical problems require careful calculation and logical thinking.（这些复杂的数学题需要仔细计算和逻辑思考。）2. Most students find it hard to solve complex mathematical problems in a short time.（大多数学生觉得短时间内解复杂的数学题很难。） 2 complex social issues 复杂的社会问题 1. Poverty and inequality are complex social issues that need long-term solutions.（贫困和不平等是需要长期解决的复杂社会问题。）2. The government held a forum to discuss how to deal with complex social issues like population aging.（政府举办论坛，探讨如何应对人口老龄化等复杂社会问题。） 3 a complex system of rules 复杂的规则体系 1. This game has a complex system of rules—we need to read the guide carefully.（这个游戏有复杂的规则体系，我们要仔细阅读说明书。）2. The company’s human resources department has a complex system of rules for employee evaluation.（公司人力资源部有一套复杂的员工考核规则体系。） 4 the two roads diverge ahead 前面两条路分岔了 1. Go straight for two kilometers, and you’ll see the two roads diverge ahead—take the left one.（直走两公里，你会看到前面两条路分岔了，走左边那条。）2. The map shows that the two roads diverge ahead, leading to different villages.（地图显示前面两条路分岔了，通往不同的村庄。） 5 their opinions diverge on this matter 在这件事上他们观点分歧 1. Their opinions diverge on this environmental policy—some support it, while others oppose it.（在这项环保政策上他们观点分歧，有人支持，有人反对。）2. Although they are good friends, their opinions diverge on how to spend the holiday.（虽然是好朋友，但在如何度假这件事上他们观点分歧。） 6 the paths diverge in the deep forest 密林里的小路岔开了 1. We got lost because the paths diverge in the deep forest and we didn’t bring a compass.（我们迷路了，因为密林里的小路岔开了，而且我们没带指南针。）2. The guide warned us to follow him closely when the paths diverge in the deep forest.（向导提醒我们，当密林里的小路岔开时，要紧紧跟着他。） 7 thick undergrowth in the woods 树林里茂密的下层灌木丛 1. The thick undergrowth in the woods blocked our way, so we had to use a knife to cut through it.（树林里茂密的下层灌木丛挡住了我们的路，只好用刀劈开。）2. In autumn, the thick undergrowth in the woods is covered with fallen leaves, looking very beautiful.（秋天，树林里茂密的下层灌木丛铺满落叶，十分美丽。） 8 cut through the undergrowth to pass 穿过灌木丛通行 1. The hiker had to cut through the undergrowth to pass, as there was no official trail.（因为没有正规步道，徒步者只好穿过灌木丛通行。）2. We found it easier to cut through the undergrowth to pass than to walk around the mountain.（我们发现穿过灌木丛通行比绕山走更省力。） 9 small animals hide in the undergrowth 小动物躲在灌木丛里 1. Squirrels and rabbits are small animals that often hide in the undergrowth to avoid predators.（松鼠和兔子是常躲在灌木丛里躲避天敌的小动物。）2. When we walked quietly, we saw many small animals hiding in the undergrowth, like birds and lizards.（我们轻步走时，看到很多小动物躲在灌木丛里，比如鸟儿和蜥蜴。） 10 numerous students attended the lecture 许多学生参加了讲座 1. Numerous students attended the lecture on artificial intelligence, filling the large classroom.（许多学生参加了人工智能讲座，把大教室坐满了。）2. The professor was surprised that numerous students attended his lecture on ancient history.（教授很惊讶有许多学生来听他的古代史讲座。） 11 he has made numerous mistakes in the report 他在报告里犯了很多错 1. He has made numerous mistakes in the experiment report, such as wrong data and missing analysis.（他在实验报告里犯了很多错，比如数据错误和缺少分析。）2. The teacher pointed out that he had made numerous mistakes in the report and asked him to revise it.（老师指出他在报告里犯了很多错，让他修改。） 12 numerous books are stored in the library 图书馆里藏有大量书籍 1. Numerous books are stored in our school library, covering subjects from science to literature.（我们学校图书馆里藏有大量书籍，涵盖从科学到文学的各类学科。）2. The city library is famous because numerous books are stored there, including rare old books.（这座城市图书馆很有名，因为里面藏有大量书籍，包括珍贵的古籍。） 13 watch a TV commercial 看电视商业广告 1. I usually grab a snack when I watch a TV commercial during my favorite show.（看喜欢的节目插播电视商业广告时，我通常会拿点零食吃。）2. My little sister likes to watch TV commercials because they have colorful pictures and catchy songs.（我妹妹喜欢看电视商业广告，因为画面鲜艳、歌曲动听。） 14 a 30-second commercial 30秒的商业广告 1. The company spent a lot of money making this 30-second commercial to promote its new product.（这家公司花了很多钱制作这条30秒的商业广告，推广新产品。）2. A 30-second commercial during the Spring Festival Gala costs millions of yuan because of the high audience rating.（春晚期间的30秒商业广告要花几百万元，因为收视率高。） 15 radio commercials between songs 歌曲间的电台商业广告 1. I often switch channels when I hear radio commercials between songs, as they are too long.（听到歌曲间的电台商业广告时，我常换频道，因为广告太长了。）2. The radio station plays short radio commercials between songs to earn money for operation.（电台在歌曲间播放短的电台商业广告，赚取运营资金。） 16 a thoughtful expression on his face 他脸上露出深思的表情 1. He sat by the window with a thoughtful expression on his face, thinking about his future.（他坐在窗边，脸上露出深思的表情，思考着自己的未来。）2. When the teacher asked the difficult question, a thoughtful expression appeared on his face.（老师提出难题时，他脸上露出了深思的表情。） 17 be thoughtful about the future 认真思考未来 1. Teenagers should be thoughtful about the future and set clear goals for their studies.（青少年应该认真思考未来，为学习设定明确目标。）2. He is always thoughtful about the future, so he saves part of his pocket money every month.（他总是认真思考未来，所以每月都会存一部分零花钱。） 18 she made a thoughtful decision after research 经过研究，她做了一个深思熟虑的决定 1. She made a thoughtful decision to study medicine after researching the needs of rural hospitals.（经过研究农村医院的需求，她做了学医这个深思熟虑的决定。）2. After collecting information and asking for advice, she made a thoughtful decision about which university to apply to.（收集信息并咨询建议后，她就申请哪所大学做了一个深思熟虑的决定。） 19 the dove symbolizes peace 鸽子象征和平 1. In most cultures around the world, the dove symbolizes peace and hope.（在世界大多数文化中，鸽子象征和平与希望。）2. The painting shows a child holding a dove, which symbolizes peace for the world.（这幅画描绘了一个孩子抱着鸽子，象征着世界和平。） 20 red symbolizes passion and energy 红色象征热情与活力 1. In many festivals, red is used because it symbolizes passion and energy.（很多节日会用红色，因为它象征热情与活力。）2. The athlete wore a red sports suit, as red symbolizes passion and energy, which can inspire him.（这位运动员穿红色运动服，因为红色象征热情与活力，能激励他。） 21 this building symbolizes the city’s history 这座建筑代表着这座城市的历史 1. This ancient tower was built 500 years ago and symbolizes the city’s long history.（这座古塔建于500年前，代表着这座城市悠久的历史。）2. The locals love this old library because it symbolizes the city’s history of respecting knowledge.（当地人热爱这座旧图书馆，因为它代表着这座城市尊重知识的历史。） 22 an alternative to coffee 咖啡的替代品 1. For people who don’t like caffeine, chamomile tea is a good alternative to coffee.（对于不喜欢咖啡因的人来说，洋甘菊茶是咖啡的好替代品。）2. Oat milk latte has become a popular alternative to coffee among health-conscious people.（燕麦拿铁成了注重健康人群中流行的咖啡替代品。） 23 we have no alternative but to wait 我们别无选择，只能等待 1. The flight was delayed due to bad weather, so we have no alternative but to wait.（航班因天气恶劣延误，我们别无选择，只能等待。）2. The computer system broke down, and we have no alternative but to wait for the technician to repair it.（电脑系统坏了，我们别无选择，只能等技术人员来修。） 24 discuss different alternatives for the project 讨论项目的不同备选方案 1. The team held a meeting to discuss different alternatives for the project, in case the original plan fails.（团队开会讨论项目的不同备选方案，以防原计划失败。）2. Before starting the project, we need to discuss different alternatives to choose the most efficient one.（项目启动前，我们要讨论不同备选方案，选出最高效的那个。） 25 face a dilemma between work and family 面临工作与家庭的两难困境 1. Many working mothers face a dilemma between work and family—they want to focus on their jobs but also don’t want to miss their children’s growth.（很多职场妈妈面临工作与家庭的两难困境，既想专注工作，又不想错过孩子的成长。）2. He faces a dilemma between work and family: his company wants him to work abroad, but his parents need his care at home.（他面临工作与家庭的两难困境：公司想派他出国工作，但父母在家需要他照顾。） 26 get out of a difficult dilemma 走出艰难的困境 1. With the help of his friends and family, he finally got out of the difficult dilemma of debt.（在亲友的帮助下，他终于走出了债务的艰难困境。）2. The teacher gave him useful advice to help him get out of the difficult dilemma of choosing between two clubs.（老师给了他有用的建议，帮他走出了在两个社团间选择的艰难困境。） 27 the dilemma made her stay up all night 这个困境让她彻夜未眠 1. The dilemma of whether to accept the job offer made her stay up all night.（是否接受这份工作邀请的困境让她彻夜未眠。）2. The dilemma of how to help her sick friend made her stay up all night, thinking of solutions.（如何帮助生病的朋友这个困境让她彻夜未眠，思考解决办法。） 28 problems arise from lack of communication 问题由缺乏沟通引起 1. Most conflicts in teams arise from lack of communication—talking openly can solve them.（团队中的大多数矛盾由缺乏沟通引起，坦诚交流就能解决。）2. The misunderstanding between the two friends arose from lack of communication, so they decided to have a heart-to-heart talk.（两位朋友间的误会由缺乏沟通引起，所以他们决定好好谈心。） 29 new challenges arise every day 每天都有新的挑战出现 1. In the process of starting a business, new challenges arise every day, testing the team’s ability.（创业过程中，每天都有新的挑战出现，考验团队的能力。）2. As a teacher, new challenges arise every day, such as dealing with students’ different learning problems.（作为老师，每天都有新的挑战出现，比如处理学生不同的学习问题。） 30 a conflict arose between the two teams 两队之间发生了冲突 1. A conflict arose between the two teams during the competition because of a controversial referee decision.（因为裁判的争议判罚，比赛中两队之间发生了冲突。）2. A conflict arose between the two departments over the use of the meeting room, so the manager had to mediate.（两个部门因会议室使用问题发生了冲突，经理只好出面调解。） 31 under the present circumstances 在目前情况下 1. Under the present circumstances, we can’t hold offline activities and have to switch to online ones.（在目前情况下，我们无法举办线下活动，只能转为线上。）2. Under the present circumstances, it’s better to postpone the trip until next month when the weather is better.（在目前情况下，最好把旅行推迟到下个月天气好转时。） 32 special circumstances require special measures 特殊情况需特殊处理 1. Special circumstances require special measures—this student was sick, so we allowed him to take the exam later.（特殊情况需特殊处理，这个学生生病了，所以我们允许他补考。）2. The school has a rule that special circumstances require special measures, such as giving extra help to students with learning difficulties.（学校规定特殊情况需特殊处理，比如给学习困难的学生额外帮助。） 33 changes in family circumstances 家庭情况的变化 1. Changes in family circumstances, like his father’s new job, made him move to a new city.（家庭情况的变化，比如父亲换了新工作，让他搬到了新城市。）2. She became more independent after changes in family circumstances, as she had to take care of her younger sister.（家庭情况变化后，她变得更独立了，因为要照顾妹妹。） 34 a mixture of water and juice 水和果汁的混合物 1. This cup is a mixture of water and orange juice—it’s not too sweet and is good for quenching thirst.（这杯是水和橙汁的混合物，不太甜，很解渴。）2. She accidentally made a mixture of water and grape juice, but it tasted better than she expected.（她不小心把水和葡萄汁混在了一起，但味道比预想的好。） 35 a strange mixture of styles 风格的奇特融合 1. This dress has a strange mixture of traditional Chinese and modern Western styles, which looks very unique.（这条裙子融合了中国传统和西方现代风格，很奇特，看起来很独特。）2. The song has a strange mixture of pop and classical styles, attracting many young listeners.（这首歌融合了流行和古典风格，很奇特，吸引了很多年轻听众。） 36 the mixture of colors looks beautiful 颜色的混合看起来很美 1. The sunset creates a mixture of red, orange and purple colors that looks very beautiful.（日落形成了红、橙、紫的颜色混合，看起来很美。）2. She painted a picture with a mixture of bright colors, which looks very beautiful and lively.（她画了一幅用鲜艳颜色混合的画，看起来很美、很生动。） 37 show affection to parents 向父母表达爱意 1. We should show affection to our parents often, such as giving them a hug or saying “I love you”.（我们应该经常向父母表达爱意，比如拥抱他们或说“我爱你”。）2. The little boy likes to show affection to his parents by drawing pictures for them on weekends.（这个小男孩喜欢在周末给父母画画，以此表达爱意。） 38 deep affection between friends 朋友间深厚的感情 1. They have known each other for ten years, and there is deep affection between them.（他们认识十年了，朋友间有着深厚的感情。）2. Even though they live in different cities now, deep affection remains between the two friends.（虽然现在住在不同的城市，但这两位朋友间仍有深厚的感情。） 39 her affection for cats is obvious 她对猫的喜爱很明显 1. She has three cats at home, and her affection for cats is obvious—she buys them expensive food every month.（她家里养了三只猫，对猫的喜爱很明显，每月都给它们买昂贵的猫粮。）2. Her affection for cats is obvious—she stops to pet every stray cat she sees on the street.（她对猫的喜爱很明显，在街上看到流浪猫都会停下来抚摸。） 40 qualified for the teaching job 胜任教学工作 1. She has a teacher qualification certificate and rich teaching experience, so she is qualified for the teaching job.（她有教师资格证，教学经验丰富，所以胜任这份教学工作。）2. The school will only hire candidates who are qualified for the teaching job, with both professional knowledge and communication skills.（学校只雇佣胜任教学工作的候选人，要求兼具专业知识和沟通能力。） 41 a highly qualified doctor 资历深厚的医生 1. He is a highly qualified doctor who has worked in the hospital for over 20 years and saved many lives.（他是资历深厚的医生，在医院工作了20多年，救了很多人。）2. The patient waited for two weeks to see this highly qualified doctor, as he is good at treating rare diseases.（这位病人等了两周才见到这位资历深厚的医生，因为他擅长治疗罕见病。） 42 make sure you are qualified before applying 申请前确保你符合资格 1. Make sure you are qualified before applying for this job—you need to have at least three years of work experience.（申请这份工作前确保你符合资格，需要至少三年工作经验。）2. The university website lists the requirements, so make sure you are qualified before applying for the scholarship.（大学官网列出了要求，申请奖学金前确保你符合资格。） 43 fluency in spoken English 英语口语流利 1. Fluency in spoken English is very important for this job, as you need to communicate with foreign clients.（英语口语流利对这份工作很重要，因为要和外国客户沟通。）2. She practices speaking English with her foreign friend every week to improve her fluency in spoken English.（她每周和外国朋友练习说英语，提高英语口语流利度。） 44 achieve fluency in a foreign language 达到外语流利水平 1. It takes consistent practice to achieve fluency in a foreign language—there are no shortcuts.（达到外语流利水平需要持续练习，没有捷径。）2. He went to study abroad for a year and finally achieved fluency in French.（他出国学习了一年，终于达到了法语流利水平。） 45 practice to improve fluency 通过练习提高流利度 1. You can practice reading aloud to improve fluency in a foreign language.（你可以通过大声朗读练习，提高外语流利度。）2. The language teacher asked students to have daily conversations in English to improve their fluency.（语言老师让学生每天用英语对话，通过练习提高流利度。） 46 sincerely hope you get well soon 衷心希望你早日康复 1. I sincerely hope you get well soon and return to class with us.（我衷心希望你早日康复，回到课堂和我们一起学习。）2. All your classmates sincerely hope you get well soon—we prepared a get-well card for you.（所有同学都衷心希望你早日康复，我们给你准备了康复贺卡。） 47 sincerely apologize for the mistake 为错误真诚道歉 1. I sincerely apologize for the mistake I made in the report—I will correct it immediately.（我为报告中的错误真诚道歉，会立即修改。）2. The company sincerely apologized for the mistake in the product and offered customers a full refund.（公司为产品中的错误真诚道歉，并为客户提供全额退款。） 48 he spoke sincerely about his feelings 他真诚地诉说了自己的感受 1. During the meeting, he spoke sincerely about his feelings towards the project, expressing his concerns.（会议上，他真诚地诉说了自己对项目的感受，表达了担忧。）2. He sat down with his parents and spoke sincerely about his feelings of stress from school.（他和父母坐下来，真诚地诉说了自己来自学业的压力感受。） 49 end a formal letter with “yours sincerely” 正式信件结尾用“谨上” 1. When writing a formal letter to a teacher or principal, you should end it with “yours sincerely”.（给老师或校长写正式信件时，结尾要用“谨上”。）2. The textbook teaches us to end a formal letter with “yours sincerely” to show respect.（课本教我们正式信件结尾用“谨上”，以表示尊敬。） 50 write “yours sincerely” before your signature 签名前写“敬上” 1. In a formal email, you should write “yours sincerely” before your signature.（正式邮件中，要在签名前写“敬上”。）2. The secretary reminded the employees to write “yours sincerely” before their signatures in official letters.（秘书提醒员工在公函的签名前写“敬上”。） 51 “yours sincerely” is used in business letters “谨启”用于商务信件 1. “Yours sincerely” is commonly used in business letters to maintain a professional tone.（“谨启”常用于商务信件，以保持专业语气。）2. The guidebook explains that “yours sincerely” is used in business letters when you know the recipient’s name.（指南解释，当知道收件人姓名时，商务信件中用“谨启”。） 52 serve refreshments at the meeting 会议上提供茶点 1. The company usually serves refreshments like coffee and cookies at the meeting to let everyone relax.（公司通常在会议上提供咖啡、饼干等茶点，让大家放松。）2. We need to prepare a budget to serve refreshments at the meeting next week.（我们需要做预算，为下周的会议提供茶点。） 53 light refreshments like cookies and tea 饼干、茶等清淡茶点 1. The party will only provide light refreshments like cookies and tea, so guests don’t need to come on an empty stomach.（派对只提供饼干、茶等清淡茶点，客人不用空腹来。）2. She prepared light refreshments like cookies and tea for the study group that came to her house.（她为来家里的学习小组准备了饼干、茶等清淡茶点。） 54 prepare refreshments for guests 为客人准备茶点 1. My mom spent an hour preparing refreshments for the guests who came to our house.（妈妈花了一个小时为来家里的客人准备茶点。）2. When having friends over, it’s polite to prepare some refreshments for them.（朋友来访时，为他们准备些茶点是礼貌的做法。） 55 work the day shift 上日班 1. The nurse works the day shift from 8 am to 4 pm, taking care of patients during the day.（这位护士上日班，从早上8点到下午4点，白天照顾病人。）2. He prefers to work the day shift because he can spend time with his family in the evening.（他更喜欢上日班，因为晚上能和家人在一起。） 56 night shift from 10 pm to 6 am 晚上10点到早上6点的夜班 1. His job requires him to work the night shift from 10 pm to 6 am once a week.（他的工作要求他每周上一次晚上10点到早上6点的夜班。）2. Working the night shift from 10 pm to 6 am is tiring, so he usually sleeps during the day.（上晚上10点到早上6点的夜班很累，所以他通常白天睡觉。） 57 change from the morning shift to the afternoon shift 从早班换成中班 1. He will change from the morning shift to the afternoon shift next week, so he needs to adjust his sleep schedule.（他下周要从早班换成中班，需要调整作息时间。）2. The factory asked workers to change from the morning shift to the afternoon shift to meet production needs.（工厂让工人从早班换成中班，以满足生产需求。） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $