热点话题 07 礼仪风俗（话题阅读精练）英语九年级英语通用版

热点话题07 礼仪风俗 话题阅读精练 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 Passage1 完形填空 记叙文 302 讲述不同国家的不同风俗习惯。 Passage2 阅读理解 应用文 102 讲述在不同场合下应遵循的礼仪规范，包括电话礼仪、餐桌礼仪、个人习惯以及如何尊重他人等。 Passage3 阅读理解 说明文 201 介绍三个国家的文化差异。 Passage4 阅读还原 说明文 240 介绍一些美国的餐桌礼仪。 Passage5 任务型阅读 说明文 244 介绍一些美国的餐桌礼仪。 Passage6 语法填空 说明文 253 介绍了英国的餐桌礼仪，包括如何坐姿端正、用餐时如何使用手和餐具、用餐时的言谈举止以及如何对待食物剩余等方面的规范。 主题简析素材积累 礼仪风俗是文化的重要组成部分，反映了一个社会的价值观。它涵盖了问候、餐桌举止、着装规范和节日传统等方面。 学习礼仪有三点好处： 1. 促进沟通：帮助人们有效交流。 2. 表达尊重：让他人感到被尊重。 3. 避免误解：尤其是在跨文化交流中。 不同国家的礼仪差异很大。例如，见面时有的国家握手，有的国家鞠躬。最重要的原则是“入乡随俗”，尊重当地的习惯。 总之，了解礼仪风俗能帮助我们成为有礼貌、受欢迎的人。 句子积累 1. Different countries have various table manners. For example, in Japan, people drink directly from a soup bowl as spoons are not commonly used. 不同国家有各种各样的餐桌礼仪。比如，在日本，人们直接从汤碗里喝汤，因为勺子并不常用。 2. When in Rome, do as the Romans do. This saying means we should follow the local customs and manners when we are in a new place. 入乡随俗。这句话的意思是当我们到一个新地方时，应该遵循当地的风俗礼仪。 3. In Western countries, it is common to shake hands when meeting someone for the first time. 在西方国家，初次见面时握手是很常见的。 4. In China, using both hands to offer and receive gifts is a polite way to show respect. 在中国，用双手递接礼物是表达尊重的礼貌方式。 5. In a formal dinner in France, it's important to keep your hands above the table instead of resting them on your lap. 在法国的正式晚宴上，把手放在餐桌上而不是膝盖上是很重要的。 6. Japanese people avoid crossing their chopsticks or sticking them into a bowl of rice, as it's considered impolite. 日本人避免交叉筷子或将筷子插入一碗米饭中，因为这被认为是不礼貌的。 7. In many cultures, saying "please" and "thank you" frequently is a basic part of good manners. 在许多文化中，经常说“请”和“谢谢”是礼貌的基本要素。 8. When you visit a friend's home, it's polite to knock on the door before entering. 当你拜访朋友家时，进门之前敲门是有礼貌的。 9. In some Asian countries, bowing as a sign of respect is a traditional greeting way. 在一些亚洲国家，鞠躬致意是一种传统的问候方式。 10. In Western restaurants, people usually use knives and forks to eat, and the right - hand holds the knife while the left - hand holds the fork. 在西餐厅，人们通常用刀叉吃饭，右手持刀，左手持叉。 11. In China, it's a custom to serve tea to guests when they visit, showing hospitality. 在中国，客人来访时奉茶是一种习俗，以示好客。 12. In the UK, people often queue patiently when waiting for buses or in shops, which shows good manners. 在英国，人们在等公交或在商店时经常耐心排队，这体现了良好的礼仪。 13. In formal occasions, dressing appropriately is an important part of following the etiquette. 在正式场合，穿着得体是遵循礼仪的重要部分。 14. In Italy, the host is the first to sit, eat, give a toast and get up at the end of the meal. 在意大利，主人是第一个就座、用餐、祝酒以及在餐毕时起身的人。 15. When having a meal in some Middle - Eastern countries, people use their right hands to eat, as the left hand is considered unclean. 在一些中东国家用餐时，人们用右手吃饭，因为左手被认为是不干净的。 16. In China, it's impolite to stick chopsticks upright in the rice bowl, as it resembles a funeral ritual. 在中国，把筷子竖直插在饭碗里是不礼貌的，因为这类似于葬礼仪式。 17. In many Western cultures, opening a gift in front of the giver is a way to show appreciation. 在许多西方文化中，当着送礼者的面打开礼物是表达感激的一种方式。 18. In a classroom, raising your hand before speaking is a basic rule of good manners. 在教室里，发言前举手是基本的礼貌规则。 19. In Thailand, touching a person's head is considered impolite because the head is regarded as the most sacred part of the body. 在泰国，触摸一个人的头部被认为是不礼貌的，因为头部被视为身体最神圣的部位。 20. In social situations, listening attentively to others when they are speaking is a sign of respect and good manners. 在社交场合，当别人说话时专心倾听是尊重和礼貌的表现。 必备词块 1. shake hands 握手 2. bow to each other 互相鞠躬 3. be supposed to 应该 4. be expected to 被期望 5. table manners 餐桌礼仪 6. traditional custom 传统习俗 7. folk custom 民间习俗 8. local custom 当地习俗 9. lay chopsticks on the plate 把筷子放在盘子上 10. stick chopsticks into food 把筷子插进食物里 11. point at anyone with chopsticks 用筷子指着任何人 12. make noise when eating soup 喝汤时发出声音 13. serve some fruit 端上一些水果 14. offer some tea 提供一些茶 15. receive the gift with two hands 用双手接过礼物 16. knock on the door 敲门 17. follow the customs 遵循习俗 18. introduce younger ones to older ones 把年轻人介绍给年长者 19. not open the gift until the guests leave 直到客人离开才打开礼物 20. use serving chopsticks or spoons 用公筷或公勺 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 6 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 实战演练 Passage1 请先阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入相应空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 We should behave differently in different parts of the world. That means we have to follow certain (某些) customs in a new place. Let’s see some of 1 . Pointing with lips (嘴唇) in Nicaragua In Nicaragua, it is common to point with the lips 2 fingers. People in Nicaragua can move their lips forward or from side to side to show 3 they would like to point out. The lip 4 is usually used in conversations to show something that’s happening nearby. Tipping (给小费) in the U.S. Unlike many other countries that don’t tip at all or only tip in small amounts (数量) after eating at a restaurant, tipping in the US is 5 . In fact, 6 are expected to leave 10-20 percent of the bill in tips. There is no doubt that tipping culture encourages waiters and waitress to 7 better service. Slurping (出声地吃喝) in Japan In most table manners, noisy eating is considered 8 . In Japan, 9 , slurping while people are eating has a completely different meaning. Making slurping sounds when you are eating noodles in Japan is a way of showing you are 10 enjoying them. Some scientists even think slurping actually makes the noodles 11 even better. Using the left hand for things In some countries, using the left hand for eating or other activities is 12 liked by most people. More often, people in these countries use the 13 hand for cleaning themselves after using the toilet. Much of the Middle East, Sri Lanka, India and parts of Africa belong to such 14 . To be safe, it’s best to use your right hand 15 greeting people, holding things, and eating in these places. 1．A．us B．you C．it D．them 2．A．as for B．because of C．instead of D．thanks to 3．A．what B．why C．when D．how 4．A．skin B．point C．area D．shape 5．A．interesting B．strange C．worth D．common 6．A．customers B．relatives C．managers D．directors 7．A．refuse B．warn C．provide D．cancel 8．A．funny B．impolite C．normal D．relaxing 9．A．anyway B．besides C．instead D．however 10．A．really B．widely C．directly D．suddenly 11．A．smell B．taste C．look D．sound 12．A．nearly B．easily C．hardly D．usually 13．A．right B．middle C．last D．left 14．A．countries B．towns C．neighborhoods D．communities 15．A．to B．for C．at D．on 【答案】 1．D 2．C 3．A 4．B 5．D 6．A 7．C 8．B 9．D 10．A 11．B 12．C 13．D 14．A 15．B 【解析】本文主要讲述了不同国家的不同风俗习惯。 1．句意：让我们看看其中的一些。 us我们；you你/你们；it它；them塔/她/它们。根据上文“That means we have to follow certain (某些) customs in a new place.”可知，此处指代customs应用them。故选D。 2．句意：在尼加拉瓜，人们通常用嘴唇而不是手指来指指点点。 as for作为；because of因为；instead of代替，而不是；thanks to由于，幸亏。根据下文“People in Nicaragua can move their lips forward or from side to side to show... they would like to point out.”可知，尼加拉瓜的人用嘴唇来指指点点而不是用手指。故选C。 3．句意：尼加拉瓜人可以向前或左右移动他们的嘴唇来表示他们想要指出什么。 what什么；why为什么；when什么时候；how怎样。根据“they would like to point out”可知，此处应用what作point out的宾语，表示“指出什么”。故选A。 4．句意：嘴唇指向通常在谈话中用来表示附近正在发生的事情。 skin皮肤；point指向；area区域；shape形状。根据“to show something that’s happening nearby”可知，此处是指用嘴唇指向表示附近发生的事。故选B。 5．句意：与许多其他国家在餐厅用餐后根本不给小费或只给少量小费不同，在美国给小费是很常见的。 interesting有趣的；strange奇怪的；worth值得的；common常见的。根据“Unlike many other countries that don’t tip at all or only tip in small amounts (数量) after eating at a restaurant”可知，此处是指美国与其他国家不同，给小费很常见。故选D。 6．句意：事实上，顾客应该给账单10%到20%的小费。 customers顾客；relatives亲属；managers经理；directors主管。根据“leave 10-20 percent of the bill in tips”可知，应是顾客给小费。故选A。 7．句意：毫无疑问，给小费的文化鼓励男女服务员提供更好的服务。 refuse拒绝；warn警告；provide提供；cancel取消。根据“waiters and waitress to... better service”可知，是指服务员提供更好的服务。故选C。 8．句意：在大多数餐桌礼仪中，吃饭时吵吵闹闹被认为是不礼貌的。 funny有趣的；impolite不礼貌的；normal正常的；relaxing放松的。根据下文“In Japan... slurping while people are eating has a completely different meaning.”可知，此处是指吃东西发出声音在大多数餐桌礼仪中是不礼貌的。故选B。 9．句意：然而，在日本，人们吃东西时发出啧啧声有着完全不同的含义。 anyway无论如何；besides而且，除了；instead而不是；however然而。根据“slurping while people are eating has a completely different meaning”可知，此处表示转折，应用however。故选D。 10．句意：在日本，吃面条时发出吃的声音是一种表示你真的很喜欢吃的方式。 really真地；widely广泛地；directly直接地；suddenly突然。根据“Making slurping sounds when you are eating noodles in Japan is a way of showing you are... enjoying them.”及语境可知，此处是指吃面条时发出声音表明真地很喜欢。故选A。 11．句意：一些科学家甚至认为，吃的时候发出声音会让面条的味道更好。 smell闻起来；taste尝起来；look看起来；sound听起来。根据上文“eating noodles”可知，是指尝起来味道更好。故选B。 12．句意：在一些国家，大多数人不喜欢用左手吃饭或做其他事情。 nearly几乎；easily容易地；hardly几乎不；usually通常地。根据下文“More often, people in these countries use the... hand for cleaning themselves after using the toilet.”可知，此处是指用左手吃饭做事，几乎大多数人都不喜欢，下文说明了原因许多国家的人用左手上厕所等。故选C。 13．句意：更常见的是，这些国家的人们在如厕后使用左手清洁自己。 right右边的；middle中间的；last最后的；left左边的。根据上文“using the left hand for eating or other activities is... liked by most people.”及“More often”可知，此处是对上文说明原因，应是指用左手清洁自己。故选D。 14．句意：中东大部分地区、斯里兰卡、印度和非洲部分地区属于这类国家。 countries国家；towns城镇；neighborhoods邻里；communities社区。根据上文“In some countries”及“the Middle East, Sri Lanka, India and parts of Africa”可知，此处是指国家。故选A。 15．句意：为了安全起见，在这些地方，与人打招呼、拿东西和吃饭时最好用右手。 to朝；for为了；at在；on在……上。use sth. for doing sth.“用某物做某事”，固定搭配。故选B。 Passage 2 Please/Thank you*Always say “please” if you are asking for something. *Always say “thank you” if someone does something for you. Personal habitsStay away from bad habits such as: *Spitting (吐口水), nose picking and leaving a toilet dirty. * Loud burping (打嗝), breaking wind (放屁), swearing(咒骂). *Jumping into other people’s conversations. Telephone manners*Answer the phone politely with a greeting. *Ask who is calling and who they would like to speak to. *Offer to take a message if the person is not free. *Always write the message down and pass it to the correct person.            ▲ *Wait until everyone is seated before starting to eat. *Don’t reach in front of people. Instead, ask to have something passed to you. *Don’t lick the plate or eat messily (乱七八糟地). *Wait for everyone to finish or ask before you leave the table. *Offer to help with the cleaning. Treating others with respectAlways: *Tell the truth. *Be interested in what others have to say. *Wait patiently in queues (排队)—don’t push in. *Do what you say you will do. *Offer to help others when you can. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 16．What should you do when you answer a phone? A．Keep the caller’s message secret. B．Say thank you after you pick up the phone. C．Offer to take a message for the caller if necessary. D．Don’t greet someone you don’t know. 17．Add a headline (标题) in the ________. A．Waiting for others B．Doing housework C．Food choices D．Table manners 18．Which shows your respect for others during a conversation? A．Jumping into others’ conversation suddenly. B．Swearing at the people you don’t like. C．Showing an interest in others’ words. D．Taking control of the conversation. 19．What is the text? A．A report. B．An ad. C．A poem. D．A poster. 20．What is the main purpose of text? A．To introduce good manners. B．To compare different customs (风俗). C．To list the reason for keeping polite. D．To describe the importance of being polite. 【答案】16．C 17．D 18．C 19．D 20．A 【解析】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要讲述了在不同场合下应遵循的礼仪规范，包括电话礼仪、餐桌礼仪、个人习惯以及如何尊重他人等。 16．细节理解题。根据“Offer to take a message if the person is not free.”可知，如有必要，接电话时应主动提出帮忙留言。故选C。 17．最佳标题题。根据下文“Wait until everyone is seated before starting to eat…Wait for everyone to finish or ask before you leave the table.”可知，此处与餐桌礼仪有关，D项符合。故选D。 18．细节理解题。根据“Be interested in what others have to say.”可知，在对话中表现出对他人话语的兴趣是尊重他人的表现。故选C。 19．推理判断题。根据文章的整体结构和内容，尤其是表格形式和多方面的礼仪介绍，可推知，本文是一张海报。故选D。 20．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了在不同场合下应遵循的礼仪规范，包括电话礼仪、餐桌礼仪、个人习惯以及如何尊重他人等，可推知，本文的主要目的是介绍良好的礼仪规范。故选A。 Passage 3 As more and more people have a trip around the world, it is necessary for them to know what to do in different countries and how to deal with cultural differences. Here are different cultures from three countries. Canadians are easy to get along with and they usually say hello to each other even if they are strangers. When men and women meet, women usually hold out their hands first. If a woman doesn’t want to shake hands, she can just nod and smile. If a man wears gloves, he should take them off before shaking hands. Brazilians are very friendly and they always get ready to say hello to others. They stand very close to each other when speaking and may touch each other’s arms or backs. And if you go to a business meeting in Brazil, you are not expected to take a present. When you meet Indians, it is important to say hello to the oldest person first. But you’d better not hold out your left hand when you say hello, because it is impolite. Also, many Indians are enthusiastic and they like to say hello actively and have a conversation with you when you travel in India. 21．What will Canadian women do if they don’t want to shake hands? A．Say hello to others. B．Nod and smile. C．Touch others’ arms. D．Wear a pair of gloves. 22．Match the countries with the customs and choose the right answer. ①India     a. Men take off gloves before shaking hands. ②Canada   b. People stand very close when speaking. ③Brazil    c. Greet the oldest person first. A． ①—c; ②—b; ③—a B．①—b; ②—c; ③—a C．①—c; ②—a; ③—b D．①—a; ②—c; ③—b 23．What does the underlined word “enthusiastic” mean in Chinese? A．坦率的 B．含蓄的 C．粗鲁的 D．热情的 24．What can we learn from the passage? A．Women in India usually hold out their hands first. B．Men in India usually hold out their left hand to say hello. C．People in Brazil don’t often touch each other when speaking. D．People in Brazil needn’t take a gift to a business meeting. 25．What’s the structure (结构) of the passage?( ①=Paragraph 1, ②=Paragraph 2…) A．①—②③④ B．①—②③—④ C．①—②—③④ D．①②—③④ 【答案】21．B 22．C 23．D 24．D 25．A 【解析】本文主要介绍了三个国家的文化差异。 21．细节理解题。根据“If a woman doesn’t want to shake hands, she can just nod and smile.”可知，如果一个加拿大女人不想握手，她会点头微笑。故选B。 22．推理判断题。根据“If a man wears gloves, he should take them off before shaking hands.”可知，加拿大男士在握手前脱下手套，②对应a；根据“They stand very close to each other when speaking”可知，巴西人说话时站得很近，③对应b；根据“When you meet Indians, it is important to say hello to the oldest person first.”可知，印度人首先问候最年长的人，①对应c。故选C。 23．词句猜测题。根据“and they like to say hello actively and have a conversation with you when you travel in India”可知，印度人喜欢和人们主动打招呼与交谈，所以他们是热情的。enthusiastic意为“热情的”。故选D。 24．细节理解题。根据“And if you go to a business meeting in Brazil, you are not expected to take a present.”可知，巴西人不必带礼物去参加商务会议。故选D。 25．篇章结构题。阅读全文可知，文章第①段引出话题，第②③④段分别讲了三个国家的文化习俗，结构应是“①—②③④”，为总分结构。故选A。 Passage 4 Here are some table manners in America. You should know them when you are at table there. ·Don’t circle your plate with your arms. If you do so, you will become the focus of the table. Others would wonder, “Is there anything wrong with the food?” 26 ·Don’t push the plate back when your food is finished. 27 Do you want to let the hostess (女主人) know that you’ve just done a labor (劳动)? ·Don’t lean (倚靠) back in your chair and say “I’m full”. Just put the fork and knife across the plate. That’s all. ·Don’t cut up everything before you start to eat. 28 . ·Never take a huge mouthful (满口) of anything. 29 Don’t do that. It’s not so good. · 30 If the thing you want is not at hand, you can simply ask the nearest person for help like “Mrs Smith, could you pass me the dish?” A．Just leave it where it was. B．Do you want to show how hungry you are? C．It’s never good to reach across the table for anything. D．The biggest challenge is learning how to behave at the dinner table. E．This may give them a wrong message that you don’t like the food or something like that. F．Cut only one or two pieces at a time. 【答案】26．E 27．A 28．F 29．B 30．C 【解析】本文介绍了一些美国的餐桌礼仪。 26．根据“Others would wonder, ‘Is there anything wrong with the food?’”可知，这种行为会让别人误解你，选项E“这可能会给他们一个错误的信息，你不喜欢的食物或类似的东西。”符合语境，故选E。 27．根据“Don’t push the plate back when your food is finished.”可知，食物吃完后不要把盘子推回去，选项A“就放在原来的地方。”符合语境，故选A。 28．根据“Don’t cut up everything before you start to eat.”可知，此处有关切碎食物，选项F“一次只切一两块。”符合语境，故选F。 29．根据“Never take a huge mouthful (满口) of anything.”可知，此处说不要大口吃东西，选项B“你想表明你有多饿吗？”符合语境，故选B。 30．根据“If the thing you want is not at hand, you can simply ask the nearest person for help like”可知，此处指拿远处的食物时让旁边的人帮忙，选项C“从桌子那边拿东西从来都不是好事。”符合语境，故选C。 Passage 5 阅读下面短文，简略回答问题。 Good table manners can show a person’s proper behavior. In China, table manners are always an important part of Chinese food culture. Some foreigners don’t know much about Chinese table manners before they come to China. Are you one of them? If you are, here are some good table manners you should know. When you are invited to have dinner, you should know some manners about eating. You should start eating after the host tells you to start. Don’t pick up too much food in your bowl. You should eat up the food in your bowl first and then pick up more. It’s not polite to push the food out of your plate. You should also remember some rules when you use chopsticks. Don’t use your chopsticks to point at others. Don’t use your chopsticks to move bowls or plates. Don’t stick your chopsticks into your own food. Don’t spear (戳) food with your chopsticks. After finishing a meal in a restaurant, it’s time to pay the bill. As a guest, you should argue for the chance to pay the bill, but you should always give in and accept the hospitality (好客) of your host. What should you do if you want to leave a party early? You should explain to the host why you are leaving early. You should tell the host that you’re sorry for leaving early. Don’t forget to show your thanks for the host’s hospitality. 31．How are the table manners in Chinese food culture? 32．When can people start eating at a Chinese dinner table? 33．How many pieces of advice about using chopsticks are mentioned? 34．What should you do as a guest after finishing a meal in a restaurant? 35．What would you say if you need to leave a party early? (写出具体表达，不超过30词) I will say, “ ” 【答案】31．They are (an) important part. 32．After the host tells them to start. 33．4/Four. 34．Argue for the chance to pay the bill. 35．I’m really sorry, but I have to go now. I have some work that needs to be finished tonight. Thanks for your delicious food and hope you can have fun! 【解析】本文主要介绍了中国餐座礼仪的几个方面。 31．根据文中“In China, table manners are always an important part of Chinese food culture.”可知，餐座礼仪是中国饮食文化的重要部分。故填They are (an) important part. 32．根据文中“You should start eating after the host tells you to start.”可知，在主人告诉你开始后，你应该开始吃饭。故填After the host tells them to start. 33．根据文中“Don’t use your chopsticks to point at others. Don’t use your chopsticks to move bowls or plates. Don’t stick your chopsticks into your own food. Don’t spear (戳) food with your chopsticks.”可知，本文一共提及了四条关于如何使用筷子的建议。故填4/Four. 34．根据文中“As a guest, you should argue for the chance to pay the bill...”可知，作为客人，你应该争取付账的机会。故填Argue for the chance to pay the bill. 35．答案不唯一，合理即可。参考答案：I’m really sorry, but I have to go now. I have some work that needs to be finished tonight. Thanks for your delicious food and hope you can have fun! Passage 6 阅读短文，根据句意填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空，使短文完整、正确。 Different countries have different ideas 36 table manners—how you behave when you are eating. In Britain, table manners are important. Good table manners in Britain are as follows: How to sit You should sit up straight in your chair. It is not 37 good idea to lean (倾斜) forwards or backwards. When you eat, you should not learn towards the plate, but 38 (bring) the knife, fork or spoon towards you. 39 the same time, do not put your elbows on the table or reach over someone’s plate for something. Using your fingers British people 40 (normal) don’t pick up food with their fingers when they are eating main courses. If you are not sure, the safest way is to use your knife or fork. There are, however, some foods that are usually 41 (eat) with fingers. They include pizza, sandwiches, burgers, crisps and fruits. Your mouth It is not polite 42 (talk) with your mouth full of food, or to eat with your mouth open. And if possible, do not make any noise. Never lick (舔) your plate 43 eating. How much to eat It is polite to eat up the food that you have been offered so a clear plate is a good plate. It shows that you enjoy the food. If you can’t finish something and you need 44 (leave) a little, that’s also okay. You could say something like “Thank you! It is very nice, 45 I’m just too full to eat another bite.” 【答案】 36．about 37．a 38．bring 39．At 40．normally 41．eaten 42．to talk 43．after 44．to leave 45．but 【解析】本文介绍了英国的餐桌礼仪，包括如何坐姿端正、用餐时如何使用手和餐具、用餐时的言谈举止以及如何对待食物剩余等方面的规范。 36．句意：不同的国家对餐桌礼仪——即你吃饭时的行为举止，有不同的看法。根据句意和句中“ideas”和“table manners”之间的关系，应填介词“about”，表示“关于……的想法”。故填about。 37．句意：向前或向后倾斜不是一个好主意。good idea“好主意”是可数名词短语，前面需要用冠词修饰。根据语法规则，主语是It，good以辅音音素开头，需用不定冠词a。故填a。 38．句意：当你吃饭时，你不应该倾向盘子，而是应该把刀、叉或勺子带到自己面前。句中but连接并列结构，should not后跟动词原形，故空格处应填动词原形bring，与前面的learn形成对比，符合句意。故填bring。 39．句意：同时，不要把胳膊肘放在桌子上，也不要伸手越过别人的盘子去拿东西。at the same time是固定短语，表示“同时”，符合句意和语法要求，放在句首，首字母要大写。故填At。 40．句意：英国人在吃主菜时通常不会用手拿食物。空格处修饰动词短语“don’t pick up”，需用副词形式。normal是形容词，其副词形式为normally，表示“通常”，符合句意。故填normally。 41．句意：然而，有一些食物通常是用手吃的。空格处所在句子是被动语态，主语“some foods”与动词“eat”之间是被动关系，且句中有“are”，所以需要用过去分词形式“eaten”构成被动语态。故填eaten。 42．句意：满嘴食物时说话或者张着嘴吃东西是不礼貌的。此句中“It is not polite”后接动词不定式作真正主语，表示“不礼貌去做某事”。因此，动词“talk”需用不定式形式“to talk”。故填to talk。 43．句意：吃完后绝不要舔盘子。根据句意可知，“after”表示“在……之后”，符合语境。此处“after eating”意为“吃完之后”，为常见搭配。故填after。 44．句意：如果你不能吃完某样东西，而且需要留下一些，那也是可以的。空格处应填动词不定式“to leave”，因为“need”后面跟动词不定式，表示需要做某事。故填to leave。 45．句意：谢谢你！它很好吃，不过我实在太饱了，吃不下另一口了。此句中的“but”表示转折，前后内容存在对比：尽管食物很好吃，但因为已经吃饱了，所以无法再吃。符合语境的连词是“but”。故填but。 $ 热点话题07 礼仪风俗 话题阅读精练 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 Passage1 完形填空 记叙文 302 讲述不同国家的不同风俗习惯。 Passage2 阅读理解 应用文 102 讲述在不同场合下应遵循的礼仪规范，包括电话礼仪、餐桌礼仪、个人习惯以及如何尊重他人等。 Passage3 阅读理解 说明文 201 介绍三个国家的文化差异。 Passage4 阅读还原 说明文 240 介绍一些美国的餐桌礼仪。 Passage5 任务型阅读 说明文 244 介绍一些美国的餐桌礼仪。 Passage6 语法填空 说明文 253 介绍了英国的餐桌礼仪，包括如何坐姿端正、用餐时如何使用手和餐具、用餐时的言谈举止以及如何对待食物剩余等方面的规范。 主题简析素材积累 礼仪风俗是文化的重要组成部分，反映了一个社会的价值观。它涵盖了问候、餐桌举止、着装规范和节日传统等方面。 学习礼仪有三点好处： 1. 促进沟通：帮助人们有效交流。 2. 表达尊重：让他人感到被尊重。 3. 避免误解：尤其是在跨文化交流中。 不同国家的礼仪差异很大。例如，见面时有的国家握手，有的国家鞠躬。最重要的原则是“入乡随俗”，尊重当地的习惯。 总之，了解礼仪风俗能帮助我们成为有礼貌、受欢迎的人。 句子积累 1. Different countries have various table manners. For example, in Japan, people drink directly from a soup bowl as spoons are not commonly used. 不同国家有各种各样的餐桌礼仪。比如，在日本，人们直接从汤碗里喝汤，因为勺子并不常用。 2. When in Rome, do as the Romans do. This saying means we should follow the local customs and manners when we are in a new place. 入乡随俗。这句话的意思是当我们到一个新地方时，应该遵循当地的风俗礼仪。 3. In Western countries, it is common to shake hands when meeting someone for the first time. 在西方国家，初次见面时握手是很常见的。 4. In China, using both hands to offer and receive gifts is a polite way to show respect. 在中国，用双手递接礼物是表达尊重的礼貌方式。 5. In a formal dinner in France, it's important to keep your hands above the table instead of resting them on your lap. 在法国的正式晚宴上，把手放在餐桌上而不是膝盖上是很重要的。 6. Japanese people avoid crossing their chopsticks or sticking them into a bowl of rice, as it's considered impolite. 日本人避免交叉筷子或将筷子插入一碗米饭中，因为这被认为是不礼貌的。 7. In many cultures, saying "please" and "thank you" frequently is a basic part of good manners. 在许多文化中，经常说“请”和“谢谢”是礼貌的基本要素。 8. When you visit a friend's home, it's polite to knock on the door before entering. 当你拜访朋友家时，进门之前敲门是有礼貌的。 9. In some Asian countries, bowing as a sign of respect is a traditional greeting way. 在一些亚洲国家，鞠躬致意是一种传统的问候方式。 10. In Western restaurants, people usually use knives and forks to eat, and the right - hand holds the knife while the left - hand holds the fork. 在西餐厅，人们通常用刀叉吃饭，右手持刀，左手持叉。 11. In China, it's a custom to serve tea to guests when they visit, showing hospitality. 在中国，客人来访时奉茶是一种习俗，以示好客。 12. In the UK, people often queue patiently when waiting for buses or in shops, which shows good manners. 在英国，人们在等公交或在商店时经常耐心排队，这体现了良好的礼仪。 13. In formal occasions, dressing appropriately is an important part of following the etiquette. 在正式场合，穿着得体是遵循礼仪的重要部分。 14. In Italy, the host is the first to sit, eat, give a toast and get up at the end of the meal. 在意大利，主人是第一个就座、用餐、祝酒以及在餐毕时起身的人。 15. When having a meal in some Middle - Eastern countries, people use their right hands to eat, as the left hand is considered unclean. 在一些中东国家用餐时，人们用右手吃饭，因为左手被认为是不干净的。 16. In China, it's impolite to stick chopsticks upright in the rice bowl, as it resembles a funeral ritual. 在中国，把筷子竖直插在饭碗里是不礼貌的，因为这类似于葬礼仪式。 17. In many Western cultures, opening a gift in front of the giver is a way to show appreciation. 在许多西方文化中，当着送礼者的面打开礼物是表达感激的一种方式。 18. In a classroom, raising your hand before speaking is a basic rule of good manners. 在教室里，发言前举手是基本的礼貌规则。 19. In Thailand, touching a person's head is considered impolite because the head is regarded as the most sacred part of the body. 在泰国，触摸一个人的头部被认为是不礼貌的，因为头部被视为身体最神圣的部位。 20. In social situations, listening attentively to others when they are speaking is a sign of respect and good manners. 在社交场合，当别人说话时专心倾听是尊重和礼貌的表现。 必备词块 1. shake hands 握手 2. bow to each other 互相鞠躬 3. be supposed to 应该 4. be expected to 被期望 5. table manners 餐桌礼仪 6. traditional custom 传统习俗 7. folk custom 民间习俗 8. local custom 当地习俗 9. lay chopsticks on the plate 把筷子放在盘子上 10. stick chopsticks into food 把筷子插进食物里 11. point at anyone with chopsticks 用筷子指着任何人 12. make noise when eating soup 喝汤时发出声音 13. serve some fruit 端上一些水果 14. offer some tea 提供一些茶 15. receive the gift with two hands 用双手接过礼物 16. knock on the door 敲门 17. follow the customs 遵循习俗 18. introduce younger ones to older ones 把年轻人介绍给年长者 19. not open the gift until the guests leave 直到客人离开才打开礼物 20. use serving chopsticks or spoons 用公筷或公勺 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 6 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 实战演练 Passage1 请先阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入相应空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 We should behave differently in different parts of the world. That means we have to follow certain (某些) customs in a new place. Let’s see some of 1 . Pointing with lips (嘴唇) in Nicaragua In Nicaragua, it is common to point with the lips 2 fingers. People in Nicaragua can move their lips forward or from side to side to show 3 they would like to point out. The lip 4 is usually used in conversations to show something that’s happening nearby. Tipping (给小费) in the U.S. Unlike many other countries that don’t tip at all or only tip in small amounts (数量) after eating at a restaurant, tipping in the US is 5 . In fact, 6 are expected to leave 10-20 percent of the bill in tips. There is no doubt that tipping culture encourages waiters and waitress to 7 better service. Slurping (出声地吃喝) in Japan In most table manners, noisy eating is considered 8 . In Japan, 9 , slurping while people are eating has a completely different meaning. Making slurping sounds when you are eating noodles in Japan is a way of showing you are 10 enjoying them. Some scientists even think slurping actually makes the noodles 11 even better. Using the left hand for things In some countries, using the left hand for eating or other activities is 12 liked by most people. More often, people in these countries use the 13 hand for cleaning themselves after using the toilet. Much of the Middle East, Sri Lanka, India and parts of Africa belong to such 14 . To be safe, it’s best to use your right hand 15 greeting people, holding things, and eating in these places. 1．A．us B．you C．it D．them 2．A．as for B．because of C．instead of D．thanks to 3．A．what B．why C．when D．how 4．A．skin B．point C．area D．shape 5．A．interesting B．strange C．worth D．common 6．A．customers B．relatives C．managers D．directors 7．A．refuse B．warn C．provide D．cancel 8．A．funny B．impolite C．normal D．relaxing 9．A．anyway B．besides C．instead D．however 10．A．really B．widely C．directly D．suddenly 11．A．smell B．taste C．look D．sound 12．A．nearly B．easily C．hardly D．usually 13．A．right B．middle C．last D．left 14．A．countries B．towns C．neighborhoods D．communities 15．A．to B．for C．at D．on Passage 2 Please/Thank you*Always say “please” if you are asking for something. *Always say “thank you” if someone does something for you. Personal habitsStay away from bad habits such as: *Spitting (吐口水), nose picking and leaving a toilet dirty. * Loud burping (打嗝), breaking wind (放屁), swearing(咒骂). *Jumping into other people’s conversations. Telephone manners*Answer the phone politely with a greeting. *Ask who is calling and who they would like to speak to. *Offer to take a message if the person is not free. *Always write the message down and pass it to the correct person.            ▲ *Wait until everyone is seated before starting to eat. *Don’t reach in front of people. Instead, ask to have something passed to you. *Don’t lick the plate or eat messily (乱七八糟地). *Wait for everyone to finish or ask before you leave the table. *Offer to help with the cleaning. Treating others with respectAlways: *Tell the truth. *Be interested in what others have to say. *Wait patiently in queues (排队)—don’t push in. *Do what you say you will do. *Offer to help others when you can. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 16．What should you do when you answer a phone? A．Keep the caller’s message secret. B．Say thank you after you pick up the phone. C．Offer to take a message for the caller if necessary. D．Don’t greet someone you don’t know. 17．Add a headline (标题) in the ________. A．Waiting for others B．Doing housework C．Food choices D．Table manners 18．Which shows your respect for others during a conversation? A．Jumping into others’ conversation suddenly. B．Swearing at the people you don’t like. C．Showing an interest in others’ words. D．Taking control of the conversation. 19．What is the text? A．A report. B．An ad. C．A poem. D．A poster. 20．What is the main purpose of text? A．To introduce good manners. B．To compare different customs (风俗). C．To list the reason for keeping polite. D．To describe the importance of being polite. Passage 3 As more and more people have a trip around the world, it is necessary for them to know what to do in different countries and how to deal with cultural differences. Here are different cultures from three countries. Canadians are easy to get along with and they usually say hello to each other even if they are strangers. When men and women meet, women usually hold out their hands first. If a woman doesn’t want to shake hands, she can just nod and smile. If a man wears gloves, he should take them off before shaking hands. Brazilians are very friendly and they always get ready to say hello to others. They stand very close to each other when speaking and may touch each other’s arms or backs. And if you go to a business meeting in Brazil, you are not expected to take a present. When you meet Indians, it is important to say hello to the oldest person first. But you’d better not hold out your left hand when you say hello, because it is impolite. Also, many Indians are enthusiastic and they like to say hello actively and have a conversation with you when you travel in India. 21．What will Canadian women do if they don’t want to shake hands? A．Say hello to others. B．Nod and smile. C．Touch others’ arms. D．Wear a pair of gloves. 22．Match the countries with the customs and choose the right answer. ①India     a. Men take off gloves before shaking hands. ②Canada   b. People stand very close when speaking. ③Brazil    c. Greet the oldest person first. A． ①—c; ②—b; ③—a B．①—b; ②—c; ③—a C．①—c; ②—a; ③—b D．①—a; ②—c; ③—b 23．What does the underlined word “enthusiastic” mean in Chinese? A．坦率的 B．含蓄的 C．粗鲁的 D．热情的 24．What can we learn from the passage? A．Women in India usually hold out their hands first. B．Men in India usually hold out their left hand to say hello. C．People in Brazil don’t often touch each other when speaking. D．People in Brazil needn’t take a gift to a business meeting. 25．What’s the structure (结构) of the passage?( ①=Paragraph 1, ②=Paragraph 2…) A．①—②③④ B．①—②③—④ C．①—②—③④ D．①②—③④ Passage 4 Here are some table manners in America. You should know them when you are at table there. ·Don’t circle your plate with your arms. If you do so, you will become the focus of the table. Others would wonder, “Is there anything wrong with the food?” 26 ·Don’t push the plate back when your food is finished. 27 Do you want to let the hostess (女主人) know that you’ve just done a labor (劳动)? ·Don’t lean (倚靠) back in your chair and say “I’m full”. Just put the fork and knife across the plate. That’s all. ·Don’t cut up everything before you start to eat. 28 . ·Never take a huge mouthful (满口) of anything. 29 Don’t do that. It’s not so good. · 30 If the thing you want is not at hand, you can simply ask the nearest person for help like “Mrs Smith, could you pass me the dish?” A．Just leave it where it was. B．Do you want to show how hungry you are? C．It’s never good to reach across the table for anything. D．The biggest challenge is learning how to behave at the dinner table. E．This may give them a wrong message that you don’t like the food or something like that. F．Cut only one or two pieces at a time. Passage 5 阅读下面短文，简略回答问题。 Good table manners can show a person’s proper behavior. In China, table manners are always an important part of Chinese food culture. Some foreigners don’t know much about Chinese table manners before they come to China. Are you one of them? If you are, here are some good table manners you should know. When you are invited to have dinner, you should know some manners about eating. You should start eating after the host tells you to start. Don’t pick up too much food in your bowl. You should eat up the food in your bowl first and then pick up more. It’s not polite to push the food out of your plate. You should also remember some rules when you use chopsticks. Don’t use your chopsticks to point at others. Don’t use your chopsticks to move bowls or plates. Don’t stick your chopsticks into your own food. Don’t spear (戳) food with your chopsticks. After finishing a meal in a restaurant, it’s time to pay the bill. As a guest, you should argue for the chance to pay the bill, but you should always give in and accept the hospitality (好客) of your host. What should you do if you want to leave a party early? You should explain to the host why you are leaving early. You should tell the host that you’re sorry for leaving early. Don’t forget to show your thanks for the host’s hospitality. 31．How are the table manners in Chinese food culture? 32．When can people start eating at a Chinese dinner table? 33．How many pieces of advice about using chopsticks are mentioned? 34．What should you do as a guest after finishing a meal in a restaurant? 35．What would you say if you need to leave a party early? (写出具体表达，不超过30词) I will say, “ ” Passage 6 阅读短文，根据句意填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空，使短文完整、正确。 Different countries have different ideas 36 table manners—how you behave when you are eating. In Britain, table manners are important. Good table manners in Britain are as follows: How to sit You should sit up straight in your chair. It is not 37 good idea to lean (倾斜) forwards or backwards. When you eat, you should not learn towards the plate, but 38 (bring) the knife, fork or spoon towards you. 39 the same time, do not put your elbows on the table or reach over someone’s plate for something. Using your fingers British people 40 (normal) don’t pick up food with their fingers when they are eating main courses. If you are not sure, the safest way is to use your knife or fork. There are, however, some foods that are usually 41 (eat) with fingers. They include pizza, sandwiches, burgers, crisps and fruits. Your mouth It is not polite 42 (talk) with your mouth full of food, or to eat with your mouth open. And if possible, do not make any noise. Never lick (舔) your plate 43 eating. How much to eat It is polite to eat up the food that you have been offered so a clear plate is a good plate. It shows that you enjoy the food. If you can’t finish something and you need 44 (leave) a little, that’s also okay. You could say something like “Thank you! It is very nice, 45 I’m just too full to eat another bite.” $