Unit4 Then and now 讲义-2025-2026学年沪教版（五四学制）（2024）八年级英语上册

本讲义围绕初中英语Unit 4 “Then and now”主题，系统梳理过去与现在生活变化的核心语言点，从词汇、语法到阅读理解层层递进，构建起“时间对比—科技发展—社会变迁”的知识脉络，帮助学生在真实语境中掌握如dramatically、seem like、have sb do sth等高频表达，并通过课文解析与词形转换专项训练夯实基础。 该资料设计亮点突出，融合语言能力、文化意识和思维品质三大核心素养。例如，在讲解“life in the past vs. today”时，引导学生对比19世纪英国与现代中国的居住条件、教育机会和交通方式，既锻炼了信息提取与逻辑推理能力，又增强了对中外文化的理解与尊重。课中教师可借助表格归纳、情境对话等活动深化教学效果，课后学生可通过词转练习、阅读任务查漏补缺，实现从输入到输出的闭环学习，真正提升跨文化沟通能力和自主学习意识。

LAITY自制 学生版 讲义内容 1. U4 Then and now知识梳理 2. U4强化练习 （课文解析&U4词转专项&U4基础强化&U4主题阅读） 【课文解析】 A. Harry is in the attic阁楼with his great-grandma. They are choosing items to sell at the car boot sale汽车尾箱集市. Harry: What's in this box? What are all these little _____________ (square)? Great-grandma: Oh! They're my cassette tapes盒式磁带. Harry: What's a cassette tape? I've never _____________ (see) one before. Great-grandma: That can't be _____________ (truth)! It seems like only yesterday that I bought my _____________ (one) cassette! Harry: What does it do? Great-grandma: It plays music. Everyone used_____________ (have) a cassette player. You put the cassette _____________ (indoor/inside) the machine and music plays. Harry: Wow! Can we play a cassette r_____________ now? Great-grandma: My cassette _____________ (play) doesn't work any more. You can ask your dad_____________ (borrow) his. Harry: Dad has one t_____________?! Great-grandma: Yes! I bought him one _____________ (when/while) he was a little boy. He just loved it. Harry: I like listening to music too. I have tons of songs on my smartphone. Great-grandma: SMART? Phones can think now? Technology___________ (go) so far since I __________(be) young! B. Life in 19th-century Britain It was the best of times; it was the worst of times. - Charles Dickens The 19th century saw great changes in Britain. _____________ [ˈɪndəstri] grew fast and more jobs________________ (create). Progress in technology made travel and communication much _____________ (easy). Lives of _____________ [ˈɔːdnri] people were also changed _______________ (drama), both for the better and for the _____________ (bad). Trasport At the _____________ (begin) of the 19th century, there were no buses or railways in London. Ordinary people walked to work and _____________ (rare) travelled far from home. Over the next few _____________ (decade), horse buses and railway trains became popular. The _____________ (develop) of public transport _____________ (bring) new chances for travelling, carrying goods and developing businesses. Living conditions _____________ (another/other/the other) major change was the _____________ (grow) of cities. Many people moved from the countryside into fast-growing cities. A_____________ (conj.) there were more new chances in the city, ____________________ (生活条件) there were _____________ (pleasant) for most people. _____________ [lɑːdʒ] families with five or six children lived in one or two rooms. Few homes had a bathroom with a toilet, bath, or even running water. The conditions outside the homes were also _____________ (extreme) bad. The air was foggy. The streets were dirty and _____________ (smell). The rivers were heavily polluted. Life of children Not all children went to school. Children from _____________ (wealth) families received _____________ [ˌedʒuˈkeɪʃn] and were encouraged_____________ (learn) music and foreign languages. Children from poor families, however, were not so lucky. Many became child workers. They worked long hours in places like factories and _____________ (mine), and even the _____________ (small) mistake could result _____________ severe _____________ (punish). Life moves fast. Today's world is a lot different _____________ the past. But still, it is important to learn about the past if a better future is to be created. C. My great-grandma often tells me about life in the p_____________. You can’t _____________ [ɪˈmædʒɪn] how different it was. When she was a child, people lived in houses _____________ electricity. They _____________ (burn) wood to keep warm and had no machines to help with cooking or cleaning. Life today is much easier. We use electric _____________ (heater) to warm the house and have machines do the _____________ (housework). In the old days, many schools had only one room, where children of d_____________ ages learned together. Today, schools are much _____________ (large). There are classrooms, libraries and even labs. It’s amazing how much life has _____________ (change)! D. New for old Modern technology has brought ancient books back for new readers. A team from a university in Tianjin has used scanners to make _____________ (digit) copies of more than 20,000 ancient books. The most recent book is over 70 years old and the _____________ (old) more than 300 years old. Laser激光 technology_____________ (use) to create 3D digital models for important old _____________ (building). One success story has been the Kasubi Tombs卡苏比王陵 in Uganda乌干达. A digital copy of the tombs was made _____________ (before/after) a fire destroyed them. This helps _____________ (build) the tombs. Museums around the world are using AR (augmented reality) to bring ancient objects to _____________ (live). A museum in Paris _____________ (hold) a special AR exhibition in 2021. Visitors could come face-to-face with digital animals that no longer exist in the real world. 【U4单词】 单词 音标 词性 释义 1. memory /ˈmeməri/ n. 记忆 2. seldom /ˈseldəm/ adv. 不常；很少；难得 3. nowadays /ˈnaʊədeɪz/ adv. 现今；现在；目前 4. truck /trʌk/ n. 卡车；货运汽车 5. wide /waɪd/ adj. 宽的；宽阔的 6. modern /ˈmɒdn/ adj. 现代的；近代的 7. highway /ˈhaɪweɪ/ n. 公路 8. stay /steɪ/ n. 停留；逗留（时间） 9. tape /teɪp/ n. 磁带；录像带 10. player /ˈpleɪə(r)/ n. 播放机 11. inside /ˌɪnˈsaɪd/ prep. 在（或向）… 内；在（或向）…… 里 12. any more adv. （常用于否定句和疑问句句末）再也（不），（不）再 13. borrow /ˈbɒrəʊ/ v. 借；借用 14. imagine /ɪˈmædʒɪn/ v. 想象；设想 15. roll /rəʊl/ n. 卷；卷轴 16. record /ˈrekɔːd/ n. 唱片 17. business /ˈbɪznəs/ n. 公司；商业 18. except /ɪkˈsept/ prep. 除…… 之外 19. belong /bɪˈlɒŋ/ v. 应在（某处） 20. belong to sb 属于某人；归某人所有 21. century /ˈsentʃəri/ n. 世纪；百年 22. worst /wɜːst/ adj. 最差的；最坏的；最糟的 23. industry /ˈɪndəstri/ n. 工业 24. progress /ˈprəʊɡres/ n. 进步；进展 25. ordinary /ˈɔːdnri/ adj. 普通的；平凡的 26. dramatically /drəˈmætɪkli/ adv. 突然地；巨大地；令人吃惊地 27. rarely /ˈreəli/ adv. 罕有；很少；不常 28. decade /ˈdekeɪd/ n. 十年 29. development /dɪˈveləpmənt/ n. 发展；成长；壮大 30. develop /dɪˈveləp/ v. （使）成长，发展，壮大 31. condition /kənˈdɪʃn/ n. 状况；状态 32. living conditions 生活条件 33. major /ˈmeɪdʒə(r)/ adj. 主要的；重要的 34. growth /ɡrəʊθ/ n. 增长 35. countryside /ˈkʌntrisaɪd/ n. 乡村；农村 36. although /ɔːlˈðəʊ/ conj. 虽然；尽管 37. unpleasant /ʌnˈpleznt/ adj. 令人不快的；不舒服的 38. large /lɑːdʒ/ adj. 大的；大规模的；大量的 39. bath /bɑːθ/ n. 浴缸；洗澡 40. extremely /ɪkˈstriːmli/ adv. 极其；非常 41. smelly /ˈsmeli/ adj. 有难闻气味的；有臭味的 42. wealthy /ˈwelθi/ adj. 富有的；富裕的 43. education /ˌedʒuˈkeɪʃn/ n. 教育 44. foreign /ˈfɒrən/ adj. 外国的 45. mine /maɪn/ n. 矿井；矿 46. result in 造成；导致 47. severe /sɪˈvɪə(r)/ adj. 极为恶劣的；十分严重的 48. punish /ˈpʌnɪʃ/ v. 处罚；惩罚 49. punishment /ˈpʌnɪʃmənt/ n. 惩罚；处罚 50. burn /bɜːn/ v. 燃烧；烧 51. heater /ˈhiːtə(r)/ n. 加热器；炉子；热水器 52. housework /ˈhaʊswɜːk/ n. 家务劳动；家务事 . 【U4词转】 1. business n.公司;商业→busy adj.忙碌的→businessman/businesswoman n.商人/女商人 2. belong v.应在（某处）→belonging n.附属品,附件 3. burn→burnt/burned-burnt/burned v.燃烧;烧→burning adj.燃烧的;火热的 4. bath n.浴缸;洗澡→bathroom n.洗手间;浴室 5. communicate v.交流→communication n.交流→communicable a.可交流的→communicative a.交流的 6. convenient a.方便的→convenience n.方便→inconvenient a.不方便的→inconvenience n.不方便 7. condition n.状况;状态→conditional adj.附带条件的;条件的 8. dramatically adv.突然地;巨大地;令人吃惊地→dramatic adj.戏剧的;激动人心的→drama n.戏剧 9. develop v.(使)成长,发展,壮大→development n.发展;成长;壮大→developed a.发达的→undeveloped a.不发达的 10. extremely adv.极其;非常→extreme adj.极度的;极大的 11. education n.教育→educational adj.教育的;有关教育的→educate v.教育→educator n.教育学家 12. except prep.除···之外→exception n.例外;例外的事物 13. foreign adj.外国的→foreigner n.外国人 14. growth n.增长→grow v.成长;长大 15. heater n.加热器;炉子;热水器→heat n.热度v.把···加热 16. imagine v.想象;设想→imagination n.想象;想象力 17. industry n.工业→industrial a.工业的→industrialize v.工业化 18. improve v.改善→improvement n.改善→improved a.改进的 19. large→larger-largest adj.大的;大规模的;大量的→enlarge v.使···扩大;扩充 20. memory n.记忆→memorize/memorise v.记住;熟记 21. modern adj.现代的;近代的→modernize v.使现代化→modernization n.现代化 22. major adj.主要的;重要的→major n.某专业的学生;主修科目→majority n.大部分;大多数 23. mine n.矿井;矿→miner n.矿工;采矿者→mineral n.矿物;矿物质 24. ordinary adj.普通的;平凡的→ordinarily adv.一般情况下;通常地→extraordinary adj.不平常的;卓越的 25. punish v.处罚;惩罚→punishment n.惩罚;处罚 26. progress n.进步→progress v.进步→progressive a.进步的 27. player n.播放机→play n.戏剧 v.玩耍;播放→playlist n.播放清单 28. record n.唱片→record v.录音记录;记载→recorder n.录音机;记录器→recording n.录音→recorded a.记录的 29. rarely adv.罕有;很少;不常→rare adj.稀少的;罕见的 30. smelly adj.有难闻气味的;有臭味的→smell n.气味v.闻到;嗅到（气味） 31. severe adj.极为恶劣的;十分严重的→severely adv.严厉地;严重地→severer-severest 32. transport v.运输→transportation n.交通→transportive a.运输的 33. technology n.技术→technological a.技术的→technologize v.技术化 34. unpleasant adj.令人不快的;不舒服的→pleasant adj.令人愉快的;吸引人的→pleasure n.快乐；愉快 35. use v.使用→usage n.用处→usable a.使用的 36. wide adj.宽的;宽阔的→widely adv.广泛地→widen v.（使）变宽,加宽 37. wealthy adj.富有的;富裕的→wealth n.财富;财物 38. work v.工作→worker n.工人→working a.工作的 【U4词转专项练习】 1. Human beings used fire to cook food for many______________.(century) 2. Mobile phones are______________ used in our daily lives now, like making phone calls, paying and reading.(wide) 3. -What do you think of the film last night? -Not so good. In fact, it is the______________ one I have ever seen before. (bad) 4. The game between England and France had a______________ ending. (dramatically) 5. Stores are losing their customers because of the______________ of the Internet.(develop) 6. Don't throw rubbish everywhere, or there will be an______________ smell around your house.(pleasant) 7. Some people believe that if they are______________, they will be able to do anything they want.(wealth) 8. He made John wash the car for a week as a______________.(punish) 9. In the 19th century, many families lived in small houses without_________, and they used candles for light. (electric) 10. The____________ of public transport in the 19th century made it easier for people to travel long distances. (develop) 11. The______________ of rivers in the 19th century made the water unsafe to drink. (pollute) 12. Modern technology has made______________ much faster and easier than before. (communicate) 13. The_____________ of the Internet has completely changed the way we communicate and access information. (invent) 14. In the past, people______________ on horses and carriages for transportation. (rely) 15. The weather has changed______________ in the last few days.(drama) 16. Jenny comes from a______________ family and has never experienced real hardship.(wealth) 17. We are seeing the______________ of a new generation of smart devices.(develop) 18. The______________ smell in the room made me feel sick.(please) 19. Different______________ have different ways of celebrating festivals.(family) 20. Cosmetics（化妆品）are still used______________ across the world today by women and even by men.(wide) 21. She was going to get the college______________ that she had looked forward to.(educate) 22. The______________ is having a friendly talk with the girl in blue.(foreign) 23. George's mother will never______________ him if he tells the truth.(punishment) 24. Mr Zhou is a Chinese______________ who starts companies.(business) 25. Some kids______________ know how to control themselves in front of a computer.(rare) 26. We all know that eating vegetables is good for children's______________ and health.(grow) 27. Some plants pump out______________ chemicals to keep insects away.(smell) 28. I use a______________ to listen to my favourite music.(play) 29. Many______________ are attending the international trade fair.(business) 30. Our city has many______________ areas where factories make different things.(industry) 31. The teacher asked us to______________ the picture so we could see it better.(large) 32. China is a______________ country with a large population.(develop) 33. The weather is______________ hot today, so we should drink more water.(extreme) 34. Out of all the seasons, he thinks winter is the______________ because of the cold.(bad) 35. The invention of the steam engine______________ changed the transportation methods in the 19th century.(dramatic) 36. Proper sunlight and water are essential for the______________ of healthy plants.(grow) 37. He found the taste of the medicine so______________ that he refused to take it again.(pleasant) 38. It's______________ important to follow the safety instructions when conducting experiments in the lab.(extreme) 39. She accepted the______________ without complaint, knowing she had broken the team's trust.(punish) 40. It's hard to______________ how people lived without phones in the past.(imagination) 41. It was by far the______________ speech he had ever made in public.(bad) 42. Many adults choose to pursue further______________ to get better career chances.(educate) 43. The ______________ were amazed at the scenery in the Zhangjiajie National Forest Park.(foreign) 44. The guide studied the map, trying to______________ the way to the cave.(memory) 45. It could______________ affect the child's brain development.(severe) 46. The careless driver was______________ for disobeying the traffic rules.(punish) 47. From 2010 to 2020, the number of the unemployed______________ by almost 2 million.(growth) 48. The weather was ______________ cold, so we stayed indoors. (extreme) 49. She______________ goes to the movies because she prefers reading books.(rare) 50. It was raining______________, so we decided to stay home. (heavy) 51. The______________ of the plants was quite clear after a week of watering.(grow) 52. The______________ of new technologies has changed the way we live.(develop) 53. The situation______________ improved after the new rules were made.(dramatic) 54. This is the______________ storm we've had all these years.(bad) 55. The______________ smell in the room made everyone feel uncomfortable.(pleasant) 56. The______________ rubbish needed to be taken out immediately.(smell) 57. The______________ businessman donated a large amount of money to charity.(wealth) 58. A good______________ is very important for a successful career.(educate) 59. The teacher gave the student a______________ for breaking the school rules.(punish) 【U4 Then and now知识梳理】 1. dramatically adv. 突然地；巨大地；令人吃惊地 2. except prep.除…之外 【辨析】except，except for，except that与besides ①except表示“除了…之外，不再有…”，用于排除某个特定的项目或情况。 ②except for 用于指出某个特定的例外情况，强调某个细节或部分的例外。 ③except that后接从句，说明某个例外的情况或原因。 ④besides表示“除了…之外，还有…”，表示添加或补充。 3. journey n.旅行 make long journeys（进行）长途旅行 【辨析】trip，tour与journey ①trip通常指往返的旅行。a business trip 出差 ② tour多指游览多地的旅游、旅行。a tour of Austria 奥地利之旅 ③journey 尤指长途旅行。a long and difficult journey across the mountains 漫长而艰难的翻山之旅 4. major adj.主要的；重要的 main adj.主要的；最重要的 5. ordinary adj.普通的；平凡的 【辨析】ordinary与common ①ordinary与common都可以表示“普通的”或“常见的”，描述某事物没有特别之处。 ordinary一般只能用作定语，common则通常没有使用位置的限制。 Colds are quite common in winter.（✓）感冒在冬季常发。 Colds are quite ordinary in winter.（x）感冒在冬季常发。 ②common还有“共同的”之意，ordinary 则没有该含义。 6. over prep.在…期间 during意思相近 7. record n. /ˈrekɔːd/唱片；纪录；记录 v. /rɪˈkɔːd/记录；录制 8. severe adj.极为恶劣的；十分严重的 【辨析】severe与serious ①两者都可以表示“严重的”，常常可以互换使用。 ② severe表示的严重程度高于serious，它强调程度上的极端性，表示某事物达到了令人难以忍受或难以应对的程度。另外，serious还可以用于描述人的态度或行为非常严肃或认真。 9. worst adj.最差的；最坏的；最糟的 n.（可能发生的）最严重的事；最坏的部分（或情况、可能性等） Worst of all最糟糕的是 ①worst是形容词bad的最高级形式。 ②worst还可以作副词，是副词badly的最高级形式，表示“最坏；最糟；最严重”之意。 【重要词汇运用】 1) The situation changed ___________ in the last ten minutes of the football game.足球赛的最后十分钟，比赛形势发生了巨大变化。 2) Everyone went ___________ Tom.除了汤姆，大家都去了。 3) I like all fruits ___________ bananas.我喜欢所有水果，除了香蕉。 4) The report is good___________ ___________ a few spelling mistakes.报告很好，只是有一些拼写错误。 5) The book is interesting___________ ___________ it is a bit too long.这本书很有趣，只是有点太长了。 6) ___________ John，we also invited Sarah.除了约翰，我们还邀请了萨拉。 7) The ___________ was long but interesting.旅途很长但很有趣。 8) She___________ ___________ ___________ to visit her family abroad every year.她每年都会长途旅行去看望她远在海外的家人。 9) English is a ___________ language in this company.在这家公司里，英语是一种主要语言。 10) The___________ problem of this plan is a lack of funds.这项计划的主要问题是缺乏资金。 11) He is an ___________ person who works from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m．他是一个普通人，做着朝九晚五的工作。 12) She leads a ___________ life／an ___________ life.她过着普通人的生活。 13) They have a ___________ interest in music.他们对音乐有共同的兴趣。 14) ___________ the next few days，they got to know the town well. 在之后几天中，他们逐渐熟悉了这个小镇。 15) I bought a ___________ of my favourite singer.我买了一张最喜欢的歌手的唱片。 16) She holds the world ___________ for the 100 metres．她保持着100米的世界纪录。 17) You should keep a ___________ of your expenses.你应该记下各项开支。 18) The car accident was ___________.这次车祸很严重。 19) The economic downturn has had a___________ impact on the industry.经济衰退对工业产生了严重影响。 20) The ___________ storm caused a lot of damage.这场严重的风暴造成了大量损失。 21) He is a ___________ student and always studies hard.他是一个认真学习的学生。 22) This is the ___________ day of my life.这是我生命中最糟糕的一天。 23) ___________ of all，I lost the watch my father had given me.最糟糕的是，我把父亲送给我的表弄丢了。 24) The ___________ of the storm was over.最厉害的一阵风暴过去了。 10. all over the world全世界；世界各地 =throughout the world 11. any more adv.（常用于否定句和疑问句句末）再也（不），（不）再 12. at the beginning of 在…的开始；在…之初 at the end of 在…的结尾；在…之末 13. be used to do sth 被用来… be used to do sth 是被动语态的用法，强调某物的用途。要注意与used to do sth（过去常做某事）的差别。 14. belong to sb 属于某人；归某人所有 15. be encouraged to do sth 被鼓励做某事 这是encourage的被动语态用法，强调被鼓励的行为，鼓励的对象在前文中已被提及。 16. burn down 烧毁（建筑物等） burn up 烧光；烧尽 burn out 烧毁（设备等） ②burn off 烧掉（脂肪等） 17. go so far 发展到如此程度；进展到如此地步 come so far或 progress so far表达类似的含义 18. have sb do sth 要（或安排）某人做某事 have后接宾语再接动词不定式时，动词不定式不能加to。 19. in the old days 在过去；在很久以前 20. make progress 取得进展 21. result in 造成；导致 【辨析】lead to 与result in ①两者都可以表示“导致”或“引起”，在许多情况下可以互换使用。 ② lead to 用法更灵活，可以用于表示某事物或行为导致某种结果，也可以用于表示某条路径或方向通向某个地方。result in更强调结果的产生，通常用于更正式的书面语境。 22. seem like看起来像；似乎 seem like 后也可以跟从句，表示可能性 seem的常见用法还有： ①后接形容词，用于描述某人或某事给人的印象或感觉。 ②后接动词不定式，表示某事发生的可能性。 ③后接that引导的从句，表示印象或者可能性 ④后接as if／though引导的从句，表示印象或感觉。 23. tons of 大量的；许多 tons of 使用的是夸张的表达手法。在意义上，它与a large number／amount of或 many／much相近，但语气上更加强烈。 【重要词组运用】 1) The environmental movement has gained support___________ ___________ ___________ ___________.这项环保运动在世界范围内获得了支持。 2) I’m full and I don’t want to eat___________ ___________.我饱了，不想再吃了。 3) ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ the year, we set our goals for the next twelve months.在年初，我们设定了未来十二个月的目标。 4) ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ the film，the leading role is introduced.电影的开头介绍了主角。 5) Books___________ ___________ ___________ gain knowledge.我们用书来获取知识。 6) He___________ ___________ ___________ a lot of books.他以前会读很多书。 7) The car___________ ___________ me.这辆车是我的。 8) Students___________ ___________ ___________ take part in extracurricular activities.学生们被鼓励参加课外活动。 9) The factory was___________ ___________ last night.工厂昨晚被烧毁了。 10) The paper___________ ___________ in the fire.纸在火中烧光了。 11) The electrical short circuit___________ ___________ the motor.电路短路烧毁了电机。 12) Exercise can help you___________ ___________ excess fat.运动可以帮助你燃烧多余的脂肪。 13) Education has___________ ___________ ___________ that online learning is now very common.教育发展至今，在线学习已十分普及。 14) The team has___________ ___________ ___________ in their research.团队在研究中取得了如此巨大的进展。 15) He ___________ the guards ___________ them out of the club.他叫保安人员把他们轰出了俱乐部。 16) Life was simpler___________ ___________ ___________ ___________.过去的生活更简单。 17) He has ___________ great ___________ in his studies this year.今年，他在学业上取得了很大的进步。 18) Long screen time can___________ ___________ poor eyesight.长时间使用电子设备会导致视力不好。 19) A poor diet and a lack of exercise can___________ ___________ health problems.不良饮食和缺乏锻炼可能导致健康问题。 20) This path___________ ___________ the lake.这条小路通向湖边。 21) The company’s poor management___________ ___________ a great loss.公司的管理不善导致了重大损失。 22) It___________ ___________ a good idea.这听上去是个好主意。 23) She___________ ___________ a nice person.她看起来是个好人。 24) It___________ ___________ it might rain later.看起来稍后可能会下雨。 25) The solution___________ ___________.这个解决方案看起来很有效。 26) It ___________ ___________ ___________ a good day for a picnic.看起来今天的好天气很适合野餐。 27) It___________ ___________ the solution works well.看起来这个解决方案效果很好。 28) He___________ ___________ ___________ he has seen this boy before.他貌似以前见过这个男孩。 29) I have___________ ___________ work to do this weekend.这个周末我有很多工作要做。 30) There are___________ ___________ reasons to visit this city.有很多理由去参观这座城市。 24. But still, it is important to learn about the past if a better future is to be created. 但是，如果要创造一个更美好的未来，了解过去是很重要的。 · 划线部分中，使用了一种特殊的表达将来含义的结构：be动词＋动词不定式。这种结构通常用于表达意图、安排或必然性，强调某个动作或事件在未来会发生。 · 划线部分的动词不定式部分使用了被动语态，强调“更美好的未来要被创造出来”。 · 由于“be动词＋动词不定式”通常被认为是用现在时表达将来的含义，因此可以被用于if或when等引导的状语从句中。 1) She is___________ ___________ her new job on Monday.她打算在周一开始她的新工作。 2) The meeting is___________ ___________ ___________ tomorrow.会议安排在明天举行。 【U4强化】 I. Complete the passage by using the words and phrase in the box in theirproper forms.用方框中所给单词和短语的适当形式完成短文。 tape inside borrow seem like imagine film record business Life in the past was very different from today. Let's take a trip back in time! In the 1980s, when people listened to music at home, they would mostly put the (1) ___________________ into a cassette player and press PLAY. If you wanted to hear a song again, you had to rewind it — no skipping tracks! Some homes still had a (2) ___________________ player for playing vinyl (黑胶唱片). The sound was warm, but scratches could ruin the music. Back then, families often gathered around a small TV set to watch films. They couldn't stream(流播) anything. If they wanted to watch a specific film, they had to (3) ___________________ a videotape from a store. Taking photos was harder too. Cameras used (4) ___________________ that could only take 24 or 36 pictures for each roll. You had to wait for days to see the photos (5) ___________________ the darkroom (冲洗胶片的暗室). And can you (6) ___________________ life without smartphones? People wrote letters or used payphones. Small (7) ___________________, like grocery stores, didn't have digital cashiers. It might (8) ___________________ a slower world, but it was full of simple joys. II. Figure out the part of speech and the meaning of the underlined word in each sentence.写出句中划线单词的词性和词义。 1. We watched an interesting film last night. _________ _________ The director decided to film the scene again to get it perfect. _________ _________ 2. They walked along the river bank. _________ _________ She works at a bank as a teller. _________ _________ 3. The lead actor in the play is very famous. _________ _________ She will lead the team to victory. _________ _________ 4. He broke the world record for the 100-metre dash. _________ _________ She recorded the meeting so we could listen to it later. _________ _________ 5. The children love to play in the park. _________ _________ She played the piano beautifully at the concert. _________ _________ III. Fill in the blanks with the verbs in their proper forms (用所给动词的适当形式填空) 1. Before the Internet_________________, people had to rely on books for information. (exist) 2. The old man_________________ how he used to travel by horse and carriage. (recall) 3. When the teacher_________________ the history of technology, the students were fascinated. (explain) 4. The scientist _________________ that future homes would be powered by solar energy. (predict) 5. In the past, people_____________________ access to modern entertainment like streaming services. (not/ have) 6. The invention of the airplane_____________________ the way people travel around the world. (revolutionize) 【U4主题阅读】 I. Read the passage and complete the tasks. 阅读短文,完成任务。 Chinese beliefs about colours Different colours, different meanings When you see colours, some feelings or images may come to mind. For cultures around the world, colours are symbols. Their meanings, though, are not the same in each culture. For the Chinese, some colours have special meanings. In ancient China, the heavens were said to be described as Xuan, a mysterious black. It showed the universe always changed in mysterious ways. Black was also the colour related to death. Red was the colour of good fortune and joy. Therefore, it was seen everywhere during celebrations such as weddings, birthdays, and the Chinese New Year. Green was the colour of spring, and it represented energy and strength. White was a symbol of brightness and purity. It also symbolized death, so people wore white when their loved ones died. Yellow was considered to be a powerful colour. TheChinese emperors wore yellow and lived in palaces with yellow roofs. Some of these colour beliefs remain to this day, and the Chinese continue to follow them. For example, people still use red for celebrations —— like giving money as gifts in red envelopes during the Chinese New Year. The traditional colour beliefs help connect today's China to its ancient past. What do colours mean to other cultures? Are they similar to the Chinese beliefs above? Choose the best answer. 选择最恰当的答案。 ( ) 1. This passage is mainly about____________. A. why colours are special around the world B. what certain colours meant and mean to the Chinese C. how every country has different beliefs about colours D. how colours showed a person's social position in China ( ) 2. What did the colour yellow mean to the Chinese? A. It was the colour of the sun. B. It was a symbol of power. C. It was a symbol of energy and strength. D. It was the colour of brightness and purity. ( ) 3. What can be inferred from this passage? A. People wore green clothes in winter. B. Little girls had to wear white dresses. C. People wore red clothes on happy occasions. D. The colour traditions in China have disappeared. ( ) 4. Which word can replace the underlined word “fortune” in paragraph 2? A. time B. money C. luck D. pride Answer the questions. 回答问题。 1. What did Xuan show? 2. What did the colour green represent to Chinese people? 3. What example does the writer give to show red is still a colour of celebration in China today? II. Choose the best answer（根据以下内容，选择最恰当的答案） Hi Jim! I'm sending this email from a computer in a youth hostel, and I'm on a hiking trip with my brother. We're walking along Hadrian s Wall. It crosses England from one side to the other. The Romans built it about 1,900 years ago. This was the edge of the Roman Empire（帝国）then. Archaeologists（考古学家）say the Romans probably built the wall to keep out the people who lived north of here. There's still quite a lot of the wall left, but in some places it's disappeared completely. Over the years, people took the stones away to build houses and roads. You can walk along the wall—or where it-used to be-for more than 120 kilometres. We're going to do all of it! Today we did about 20 kilometres. We're camping some nights and staying in youth-hostels on other nights. It's really interesting. Some parts of the wall have been rebuilt, so you can imagine how it all looked. Yesterday we went to a museum. It showed what life was like for the Roman soldiers who had to live here all those years ago. Lots of them hated it because it was so cold and wet. But it hasn't been cold and wet for us this week! The weather s been nice. There are lots of people doing the walk, and the campsites and hostels are pretty crowded. Someone told us it's the most popular place for tourists in the north of England. That is all for now. Someone wants to use the computer. Yours, Robin ( ) 1. Robin wrote Jim the email to_________. A. complain about the weather B. tell him about his hiking trip C. introduce the archaeologists D. ask him to use the computer ( )2. The underlined word “It” in the first paragraph refers to “_________”. A. Rome B. Hadrian's Wall C. England D. the campsite ( )3. Some parts of Hadrian's Wall disappeared_________. A. because foreign tourists destroyed it B. and none of them have been rebuilt C. because people took the stones away D. and nobody knows why ( )4. On this vacation, Robin is staying_________. A. only in youth hostels B. only in campsites C. in youth hostels and campsites D.at his brother's home ( )5. Many Roman soldiers hated life at Hadrian's Wall because_________. A. of the bad weather B. it was far from home C.it was dangerous D. they didn't like the food III. Choose the best answer to complete the passage（选择最恰当的选项完成短文） There are purple clothes, purple handbags, purple bicycles, purple furniture, even purple computers! So purple is one of the most popular colours today. But in the past, purple was a very expensive and unusual colour. Let's take a look at the rich _____1_____ of the colour purple. Some scientists believe that the first plants to appear on the Earth over 500million years ago probably looked purple, not green. Plants today are green because _____2_____ use green chlorophyll（叶绿素） to produce energy．But these early plants probably used something dark purple. During the time of the Roman Empire, it was very difficult to make purple dye（染料）．The dye came from sea snails．But 10,000 dead sea snails got you just one gram of purple dye, as well as a very bad smell! This _____3_____ purple dye was called Tyrian purple, and it was the preferred colour of emperors. In 16th-century England, purple was _____4_____ for the king's family members. Queen Elizabeth's clothes were purple, but ordinary people were not allowed to wear the colour. In 1856, William Perkin, an 18-year-old _____5_____ student, noticed something strange while doing an experiment. The chemicals he used to clean his instruments mixed with the chemicals he used in his experiment and produced a bright purple colour. This discovery allowed Perkin to start a company using this chemical mixture to make purple dye. The dye was much _____6_____ than sea-snail dye. Thanks to Perkin, now anyone can afford to wear purple clothes. ( )1. A. history B. style C. research D. product ( )2. A. others B. they C. we D. some ( )3. A. basic B. harmful C. special D. perfect ( )4. A. even B. never C. seldom D. only ( )5. A. geography B. science C. art D. maths ( )6. A. healthier B. thicker C. cheaper D. darker IV. Read the passage and answer the questions（阅读短文，回答问题，5题2分） 76 years of English learning in China Li Hua is famous to many Chinese kids. In school, students often write letters as Li Hua to a friend from another country. The letters have changed over time, showing how English learning in China has grown. This year, China is 76 years old. The country has done a great job teaching more people English. It's also helped people from different countries understand each other better. Tian Lijun is from Dalian, Liaoning. She learned English in the 1990s. She remembers learning the letters and simple words when she was in middle school. Zhang Zhibin is an English teacher in Beijing. He started teaching 24 years ago. He learned English when he was in the sixth grade. Nowadays, many kids start learning English as young as possible. Wang Mengqi, a 27-year-old high school English teacher, began to learn English when she was in kindergarten. She had fun books with pictures to learn new words. The way teachers teach English has changed a lot too. Today teachers use computers and educational apps to help students learn English. Textbooks are always updated to make learning better. They have new stories and information. Lei Chenxiang, a high school student, notices that his textbooks talk about what's happening in the world. Now, students write essays to share stories about China with friends from other countries. Wang thinks this change is because China is more confident. China is becoming more important in the world, and people want to talk about it. Zhang thinks learning English is very important. “English helps us talk to people from other countries," he said. “It's a way to connect with the world and to tell others about China.” 1.Who is Li Hua? 2. When does Wang Mengqi start learning English? 3.What tools do teachers use today? 4. Why are textbooks updated? 5.Why is English important? 1 / 4 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $LAITY自制 教师版 讲义内容 1. U4 Then and now知识梳理 2. U4强化练习 （课文解析&U4词转专项&U4基础强化&U4主题阅读） 【课文解析】 A. Harry is in the attic阁楼with his great-grandma. They are choosing items to sell at the car boot sale汽车尾箱集市. Harry: What's in this box? What are all these little squares (square)? Great-grandma: Oh! They're my cassette tapes盒式磁带. Harry: What's a cassette tape? I've never seen (see) one before. Great-grandma: That can't be true (truth)! It seems like only yesterday that I bought my first (one) cassette! 教师补充说明： 1) can’t be＋形容词，表示对事物的否定猜测。肯定猜测一般使用must be。 2) It seems like．．．看起来好像；似乎。seem为系动词，It在这里是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的that从句。此句是通过夸张用法表达时间过得很快，恍如昨日。 Harry: What does it do? Great-grandma: It plays music. Everyone used to have (have) a cassette player. You put the cassette inside (indoor/inside) the machine and music plays. Harry: Wow! Can we play a cassette right now? 教师补充说明： 1) right now立刻；马上，right away、at once、immediately Great-grandma: My cassette player (play) doesn't work any more. You can ask your dad to borrow (borrow) his. 教师补充说明： 1) not．．．any more 表示“不再······”，可以和no longer 2) ask sb．to do sth．询问或者要求某人做某事，否定结构为ask sb．not to do sth.。 3) borrow...from...从······借来······ 【辨析】borrow与lend：lend是把自己的东西借给别人，和介词to连用，构成短语 lend sth.to.··；borrow是从别人那里借东西，通常和介词from连用，构成borrow sth.from...。lend的含义是“借出”，borrow的含义是“借入”。 borrow sth．from sb．从某人那里借到某物，与lend sth．to sb．把某物借给某人相对应。 Harry: Dad has one too?! Great-grandma: Yes! I bought him one when (when/while) he was a little boy. He just loved it. Harry: I like listening to music too. I have tons of songs on my smartphone. Great-grandma: SMART? Phones can think now? Technology has gone (go) so far since I was (be) young! 教师补充说明： has gone so far表示“发展到了如此的程度”或“取得了如此大的进步”。go在这里作不及物动词，表示“发展，进步”。 B. Life in 19th-century Britain It was the best of times; it was the worst of times. - Charles Dickens The 19th century saw great changes in Britain. Industry [ˈɪndəstri] grew fast and more jobs were created (create). Progress in technology made travel and communication much easier (easy). Lives of ordinary [ˈɔːdnri] people were also changed dramatically (drama), both for the better and for the worse (bad). 教师补充说明： 1) make progress 取得进步 economic／scientific／technical progress 经济的／科学的／技术的进步 2) make sth.+adj.使······怎么样，much作为程度副词修饰形容词比较级easier Trasport At the beginning (begin) of the 19th century, there were no buses or railways in London. Ordinary people walked to work and rarely (rare) travelled far from home. Over the next few decades (decade), horse buses and railway trains became popular. The development (develop) of public transport brought (bring) new chances for travelling, carrying goods and developing businesses. 教师补充说明： 3) at the beginning of．．．在······的开始 4) far from sp．距离······很远，和far away from sp． 5) over表示在持续的一段时间之后；超过 Living conditions Another (another/other/the other) major change was the growth (grow) of cities. Many people moved from the countryside into fast-growing cities. Although (conj.) there were more new chances in the city, living conditions (生活条件) there were unpleasant (pleasant) for most people. Large [lɑːdʒ] families with five or six children lived in one or two rooms. Few homes had a bathroom with a toilet, bath, or even running water. The conditions outside the homes were also extremely (extreme) bad. The air was foggy. The streets were dirty and smelly (smell). The rivers were heavily polluted. 教师补充说明： 6) living／housing／working conditions 生活／住房／工作条件 in bad／good／excellent condition 处于糟糕的／良好的／极佳的状态；out of condition 健康状况不佳 7) move from．．．into／to．．．从······搬迁到······ Life of children Not all children went to school. Children from wealthy (wealth) families received education [ˌedʒuˈkeɪʃn] and were encouraged to learn (learn) music and foreign languages. Children from poor families, however, were not so lucky. Many became child workers. They worked long hours in places like factories and mines (mine), and even the smallest (small) mistake could result in severe punishments (punish). 8) result in 造成；导致lead to 造成；导致 cause v.引起；导致 Life moves fast. Today's world is a lot different from the past. But still, it is important to learn about the past if a better future is to be created. 教师补充说明： 9) a lot作为副词来修饰形容词different，通常放在形容词前面，表示程度上的强调，此处意思是“非常不同”或“有很大的不同”。alot也可以放在动词后面修饰动词。 C. My great-grandma often tells me about life in the past. You can’t imagine [ɪˈmædʒɪn] how different it was. When she was a child, people lived in houses without electricity. They burned (burn) wood to keep warm and had no machines to help with cooking or cleaning. Life today is much easier. We use electric heaters (heater) to warm the house and have machines do the housework (housework). 教师补充说明： 1) imagine doing sth．想象做某事 2) burn down 烧毁；火势减弱；burn up 烧起来；烧掉；使大怒 3) electric和electrical虽然都与电有关，但它们的用法和语义有所不同。electric用于修饰具体设备或工具，表示这些设备或工具是由电驱动的。electrical用于描述与电相关的领域、学科或属性。 4) have sb．／sth．do sth．使某人／某物做某事，强调使役关系 In the old days, many schools had only one room, where children of different ages learned together. Today, schools are much larger (large). There are classrooms, libraries and even labs. It’s amazing how much life has changed (change)! D. New for old Modern technology has brought ancient books back for new readers. A team from a university in Tianjin has used scanners to make digital (digit) copies of more than 20,000 ancient books. The most recent book is over 70 years old and the oldest (old) more than 300 years old. Laser激光 technology is used (use) to create 3D digital models for important old buildings (building). One success story has been the Kasubi Tombs卡苏比王陵 in Uganda乌干达. A digital copy of the tombs was made before (before/after) a fire destroyed them. This helps rebuild (build) the tombs. Museums around the world are using AR (augmented reality增强现实技术) to bring ancient objects to life (live). A museum in Paris held (hold) a special AR exhibition in 2021. Visitors could come face-to-face with digital animals that no longer exist in the real world. 教师补充说明： 1) Museums around the world 世界各地的博物馆，around为介词，介词短语作后置定语修饰museums。 2) bring…to life 把······赋予生命 3) face-to-face 面对面地，合成副词 【U4单词】 单词 音标 词性 释义 1. memory /ˈmeməri/ n. 记忆 2. seldom /ˈseldəm/ adv. 不常；很少；难得 3. nowadays /ˈnaʊədeɪz/ adv. 现今；现在；目前 4. truck /trʌk/ n. 卡车；货运汽车 5. wide /waɪd/ adj. 宽的；宽阔的 6. modern /ˈmɒdn/ adj. 现代的；近代的 7. highway /ˈhaɪweɪ/ n. 公路 8. stay /steɪ/ n. 停留；逗留（时间） 9. tape /teɪp/ n. 磁带；录像带 10. player /ˈpleɪə(r)/ n. 播放机 11. inside /ˌɪnˈsaɪd/ prep. 在（或向）… 内；在（或向）…… 里 12. any more adv. （常用于否定句和疑问句句末）再也（不），（不）再 13. borrow /ˈbɒrəʊ/ v. 借；借用 14. imagine /ɪˈmædʒɪn/ v. 想象；设想 15. roll /rəʊl/ n. 卷；卷轴 16. record /ˈrekɔːd/ n. 唱片 17. business /ˈbɪznəs/ n. 公司；商业 18. except /ɪkˈsept/ prep. 除…… 之外 19. belong /bɪˈlɒŋ/ v. 应在（某处） 20. belong to sb 属于某人；归某人所有 21. century /ˈsentʃəri/ n. 世纪；百年 22. worst /wɜːst/ adj. 最差的；最坏的；最糟的 23. industry /ˈɪndəstri/ n. 工业 24. progress /ˈprəʊɡres/ n. 进步；进展 25. ordinary /ˈɔːdnri/ adj. 普通的；平凡的 26. dramatically /drəˈmætɪkli/ adv. 突然地；巨大地；令人吃惊地 27. rarely /ˈreəli/ adv. 罕有；很少；不常 28. decade /ˈdekeɪd/ n. 十年 29. development /dɪˈveləpmənt/ n. 发展；成长；壮大 30. develop /dɪˈveləp/ v. （使）成长，发展，壮大 31. condition /kənˈdɪʃn/ n. 状况；状态 32. living conditions 生活条件 33. major /ˈmeɪdʒə(r)/ adj. 主要的；重要的 34. growth /ɡrəʊθ/ n. 增长 35. countryside /ˈkʌntrisaɪd/ n. 乡村；农村 36. although /ɔːlˈðəʊ/ conj. 虽然；尽管 37. unpleasant /ʌnˈpleznt/ adj. 令人不快的；不舒服的 38. large /lɑːdʒ/ adj. 大的；大规模的；大量的 39. bath /bɑːθ/ n. 浴缸；洗澡 40. extremely /ɪkˈstriːmli/ adv. 极其；非常 41. smelly /ˈsmeli/ adj. 有难闻气味的；有臭味的 42. wealthy /ˈwelθi/ adj. 富有的；富裕的 43. education /ˌedʒuˈkeɪʃn/ n. 教育 44. foreign /ˈfɒrən/ adj. 外国的 45. mine /maɪn/ n. 矿井；矿 46. result in 造成；导致 47. severe /sɪˈvɪə(r)/ adj. 极为恶劣的；十分严重的 48. punish /ˈpʌnɪʃ/ v. 处罚；惩罚 49. punishment /ˈpʌnɪʃmənt/ n. 惩罚；处罚 50. burn /bɜːn/ v. 燃烧；烧 51. heater /ˈhiːtə(r)/ n. 加热器；炉子；热水器 52. housework /ˈhaʊswɜːk/ n. 家务劳动；家务事 . 【U4词转】 1. business n.公司;商业→busy adj.忙碌的→businessman/businesswoman n.商人/女商人 2. belong v.应在（某处）→belonging n.附属品,附件 3. burn→burnt/burned-burnt/burned v.燃烧;烧→burning adj.燃烧的;火热的 4. bath n.浴缸;洗澡→bathroom n.洗手间;浴室 5. communicate v.交流→communication n.交流→communicable a.可交流的→communicative a.交流的 6. convenient a.方便的→convenience n.方便→inconvenient a.不方便的→inconvenience n.不方便 7. condition n.状况;状态→conditional adj.附带条件的;条件的 8. dramatically adv.突然地;巨大地;令人吃惊地→dramatic adj.戏剧的;激动人心的→drama n.戏剧 9. develop v.(使)成长,发展,壮大→development n.发展;成长;壮大→developed a.发达的→undeveloped a.不发达的 10. extremely adv.极其;非常→extreme adj.极度的;极大的 11. education n.教育→educational adj.教育的;有关教育的→educate v.教育→educator n.教育学家 12. except prep.除···之外→exception n.例外;例外的事物 13. foreign adj.外国的→foreigner n.外国人 14. growth n.增长→grow v.成长;长大 15. heater n.加热器;炉子;热水器→heat n.热度v.把···加热 16. imagine v.想象;设想→imagination n.想象;想象力 17. industry n.工业→industrial a.工业的→industrialize v.工业化 18. improve v.改善→improvement n.改善→improved a.改进的 19. large→larger-largest adj.大的;大规模的;大量的→enlarge v.使···扩大;扩充 20. memory n.记忆→memorize/memorise v.记住;熟记 21. modern adj.现代的;近代的→modernize v.使现代化→modernization n.现代化 22. major adj.主要的;重要的→major n.某专业的学生;主修科目→majority n.大部分;大多数 23. mine n.矿井;矿→miner n.矿工;采矿者→mineral n.矿物;矿物质 24. ordinary adj.普通的;平凡的→ordinarily adv.一般情况下;通常地→extraordinary adj.不平常的;卓越的 25. punish v.处罚;惩罚→punishment n.惩罚;处罚 26. progress n.进步→progress v.进步→progressive a.进步的 27. player n.播放机→play n.戏剧 v.玩耍;播放→playlist n.播放清单 28. record n.唱片→record v.录音记录;记载→recorder n.录音机;记录器→recording n.录音→recorded a.记录的 29. rarely adv.罕有;很少;不常→rare adj.稀少的;罕见的 30. smelly adj.有难闻气味的;有臭味的→smell n.气味v.闻到;嗅到（气味） 31. severe adj.极为恶劣的;十分严重的→severely adv.严厉地;严重地→severer-severest 32. transport v.运输→transportation n.交通→transportive a.运输的 33. technology n.技术→technological a.技术的→technologize v.技术化 34. unpleasant adj.令人不快的;不舒服的→pleasant adj.令人愉快的;吸引人的→pleasure n.快乐；愉快 35. use v.使用→usage n.用处→usable a.使用的 36. wide adj.宽的;宽阔的→widely adv.广泛地→widen v.（使）变宽,加宽 37. wealthy adj.富有的;富裕的→wealth n.财富;财物 38. work v.工作→worker n.工人→working a.工作的 【U4词转专项练习】 1. Human beings used fire to cook food for many______________.(century) 2. Mobile phones are______________ used in our daily lives now, like making phone calls, paying and reading.(wide) 3. -What do you think of the film last night? -Not so good. In fact, it is the______________ one I have ever seen before. (bad) 4. The game between England and France had a______________ ending. (dramatically) 5. Stores are losing their customers because of the______________ of the Internet.(develop) 1. centuries 2.widely 3.worst 4.dramatic 5.development 6. Don't throw rubbish everywhere, or there will be an______________ smell around your house.(pleasant) 7. Some people believe that if they are______________, they will be able to do anything they want.(wealth) 8. He made John wash the car for a week as a______________.(punish) 9. In the 19th century, many families lived in small houses without_________, and they used candles for light. (electric) 10. The____________ of public transport in the 19th century made it easier for people to travel long distances. (develop) 6.unpleasant 7.wealthy8.punishment 9.electricity 10.development 11. The______________ of rivers in the 19th century made the water unsafe to drink. (pollute) 12. Modern technology has made______________ much faster and easier than before. (communicate) 13. The_____________ of the Internet has completely changed the way we communicate and access information. (invent) 14. In the past, people______________ on horses and carriages for transportation. (rely) 15. The weather has changed______________ in the last few days.(drama) 11.pollution 12.communication 13.invention 14. relied 15. dramatically 16. Jenny comes from a______________ family and has never experienced real hardship.(wealth) 17. We are seeing the______________ of a new generation of smart devices.(develop) 18. The______________ smell in the room made me feel sick.(please) 19. Different______________ have different ways of celebrating festivals.(family) 20. Cosmetics（化妆品）are still used______________ across the world today by women and even by men.(wide) 16.wealthy 17.development 18.unpleasant 19.families 20.widely 21. She was going to get the college______________ that she had looked forward to.(educate) 22. The______________ is having a friendly talk with the girl in blue.(foreign) 23. George's mother will never______________ him if he tells the truth.(punishment) 24. Mr Zhou is a Chinese______________ who starts companies.(business) 25. Some kids______________ know how to control themselves in front of a computer.(rare) 21.education 22.foreigner 23.punish 24.businessman 25.rarely 26. We all know that eating vegetables is good for children's______________ and health.(grow) 27. Some plants pump out______________ chemicals to keep insects away.(smell) 28. I use a______________ to listen to my favourite music.(play) 29. Many______________ are attending the international trade fair.(business) 30. Our city has many______________ areas where factories make different things.(industry) 26.growth 27.smelly 28 player；29. businessmen；30. industrial； 31. The teacher asked us to______________ the picture so we could see it better.(large) 32. China is a______________ country with a large population.(develop) 33. The weather is______________ hot today, so we should drink more water.(extreme) 34. Out of all the seasons, he thinks winter is the______________ because of the cold.(bad) 35. The invention of the steam engine______________ changed the transportation methods in the 19th century.(dramatic) 31. enlarge；32. developing；33. extremely 34worst 35. dramatically 36. Proper sunlight and water are essential for the______________ of healthy plants.(grow) 37. He found the taste of the medicine so______________ that he refused to take it again.(pleasant) 38. It's______________ important to follow the safety instructions when conducting experiments in the lab.(extreme) 39. She accepted the______________ without complaint, knowing she had broken the team's trust.(punish) 40. It's hard to______________ how people lived without phones in the past.(imagination) 36. growth 37. unpleasant 38. extremely 39. punishment 40. imagine 41. It was by far the______________ speech he had ever made in public.(bad) 42. Many adults choose to pursue further______________ to get better career chances.(educate) 43. The ______________ were amazed at the scenery in the Zhangjiajie National Forest Park.(foreign) 44. The guide studied the map, trying to______________ the way to the cave.(memory) 45. It could______________ affect the child's brain development.(severe) 41. worst 42. education 43. foreigners 44. memorize 45. severely 46. The careless driver was______________ for disobeying the traffic rules.(punish) 47. From 2010 to 2020, the number of the unemployed______________ by almost 2 million.(growth) 48. The weather was ______________ cold, so we stayed indoors. (extreme) 49. She______________ goes to the movies because she prefers reading books.(rare) 50. It was raining______________, so we decided to stay home. (heavy) 46. punished 47. grew 48. extremely 49. rarely 50. heavily 51. The______________ of the plants was quite clear after a week of watering.(grow) 52. The______________ of new technologies has changed the way we live.(develop) 53. The situation______________ improved after the new rules were made.(dramatic) 54. This is the______________ storm we've had all these years.(bad) 55. The______________ smell in the room made everyone feel uncomfortable.(pleasant) 21. growth 52. development 53. dramatically 54. worst 55. unpleasant 56. The______________ rubbish needed to be taken out immediately.(smell) 57. The______________ businessman donated a large amount of money to charity.(wealth) 58. A good______________ is very important for a successful career.(educate) 59. The teacher gave the student a______________ for breaking the school rules.(punish) 56. smelly 57 wealthy 58. education 59. punishment 【U4 Then and now知识梳理】 1. dramatically adv. 突然地；巨大地；令人吃惊地 2. except prep.除…之外 【辨析】except，except for，except that与besides ①except表示“除了…之外，不再有…”，用于排除某个特定的项目或情况。 ②except for 用于指出某个特定的例外情况，强调某个细节或部分的例外。 ③except that后接从句，说明某个例外的情况或原因。 ④besides表示“除了…之外，还有…”，表示添加或补充。 3. journey n.旅行 make long journeys（进行）长途旅行 【辨析】trip，tour与journey ①trip通常指往返的旅行。a business trip 出差 ② tour多指游览多地的旅游、旅行。a tour of Austria 奥地利之旅 ③journey 尤指长途旅行。a long and difficult journey across the mountains 漫长而艰难的翻山之旅 4. major adj.主要的；重要的 main adj.主要的；最重要的 5. ordinary adj.普通的；平凡的 【辨析】ordinary与common ①ordinary与common都可以表示“普通的”或“常见的”，描述某事物没有特别之处。 ordinary一般只能用作定语，common则通常没有使用位置的限制。 Colds are quite common in winter.（✓）感冒在冬季常发。 Colds are quite ordinary in winter.（x）感冒在冬季常发。 ②common还有“共同的”之意，ordinary 则没有该含义。 6. over prep.在…期间 during意思相近 7. record n. /ˈrekɔːd/唱片；纪录；记录 v. /rɪˈkɔːd/记录；录制 8. severe adj.极为恶劣的；十分严重的 【辨析】severe与serious ①两者都可以表示“严重的”，常常可以互换使用。 ② severe表示的严重程度高于serious，它强调程度上的极端性，表示某事物达到了令人难以忍受或难以应对的程度。另外，serious还可以用于描述人的态度或行为非常严肃或认真。 9. worst adj.最差的；最坏的；最糟的 n.（可能发生的）最严重的事；最坏的部分（或情况、可能性等） Worst of all最糟糕的是 ①worst是形容词bad的最高级形式。 ②worst还可以作副词，是副词badly的最高级形式，表示“最坏；最糟；最严重”之意。 【重要词汇运用】 1) The situation changed dramatically in the last ten minutes of the football game.足球赛的最后十分钟，比赛形势发生了巨大变化。 2) Everyone went except Tom.除了汤姆，大家都去了。 3) I like all fruits except bananas.我喜欢所有水果，除了香蕉。 4) The report is good except for a few spelling mistakes.报告很好，只是有一些拼写错误。 5) The book is interesting except that it is a bit too long.这本书很有趣，只是有点太长了。 6) Besides John，we also invited Sarah.除了约翰，我们还邀请了萨拉。 7) The journey was long but interesting.旅途很长但很有趣。 8) She makes long journeys to visit her family abroad every year.她每年都会长途旅行去看望她远在海外的家人。 9) English is a major language in this company.在这家公司里，英语是一种主要语言。 10) The major／main problem of this plan is a lack of funds.这项计划的主要问题是缺乏资金。 11) He is an ordinary person who works from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m．他是一个普通人，做着朝九晚五的工作。 12) She leads a common life／an ordinary life.她过着普通人的生活。 13) They have a common interest in music.他们对音乐有共同的兴趣。 14) Over／During the next few days，they got to know the town well. 在之后几天中，他们逐渐熟悉了这个小镇。 15) I bought a record of my favourite singer.我买了一张最喜欢的歌手的唱片。 16) She holds the world record for the 100 metres．她保持着100米的世界纪录。 17) You should keep a record of your expenses.你应该记下各项开支。 18) The car accident was severe.这次车祸很严重。 19) The economic downturn has had a severe/serious impact on the industry.经济衰退对工业产生了严重影响。 20) The severe storm caused a lot of damage.这场严重的风暴造成了大量损失。 21) He is a serious student and always studies hard.他是一个认真学习的学生。 22) This is the worst day of my life.这是我生命中最糟糕的一天。 23) Worst of all，I lost the watch my father had given me.最糟糕的是，我把父亲送给我的表弄丢了。 24) The worst of the storm was over.最厉害的一阵风暴过去了。 10. all over the world全世界；世界各地 =throughout the world 11. any more adv.（常用于否定句和疑问句句末）再也（不），（不）再 12. at the beginning of 在…的开始；在…之初 at the end of 在…的结尾；在…之末 13. be used to do sth 被用来… be used to do sth 是被动语态的用法，强调某物的用途。要注意与used to do sth（过去常做某事）的差别。 14. belong to sb 属于某人；归某人所有 15. be encouraged to do sth 被鼓励做某事 这是encourage的被动语态用法，强调被鼓励的行为，鼓励的对象在前文中已被提及。 16. burn down 烧毁（建筑物等） burn up 烧光；烧尽 burn out 烧毁（设备等） ②burn off 烧掉（脂肪等） 17. go so far 发展到如此程度；进展到如此地步 come so far或 progress so far表达类似的含义 18. have sb do sth 要（或安排）某人做某事 have后接宾语再接动词不定式时，动词不定式不能加to。 19. in the old days 在过去；在很久以前 20. make progress 取得进展 21. result in 造成；导致 【辨析】lead to 与result in ①两者都可以表示“导致”或“引起”，在许多情况下可以互换使用。 ② lead to 用法更灵活，可以用于表示某事物或行为导致某种结果，也可以用于表示某条路径或方向通向某个地方。result in更强调结果的产生，通常用于更正式的书面语境。 22. seem like看起来像；似乎 seem like 后也可以跟从句，表示可能性 seem的常见用法还有： ①后接形容词，用于描述某人或某事给人的印象或感觉。 ②后接动词不定式，表示某事发生的可能性。 ③后接that引导的从句，表示印象或者可能性 ④后接as if／though引导的从句，表示印象或感觉。 23. tons of 大量的；许多 tons of 使用的是夸张的表达手法。在意义上，它与a large number／amount of或 many／much相近，但语气上更加强烈。 【重要词组运用】 1) The environmental movement has gained support all over the world.这项环保运动在世界范围内获得了支持。 2) I’m full and I don’t want to eat any more.我饱了，不想再吃了。 3) At the beginning of the year, we set our goals for the next twelve months.在年初，我们设定了未来十二个月的目标。 4) At the beginning of the film， the leading role is introduced.电影的开头介绍了主角。 5) Books are used to gain knowledge.我们用书来获取知识。 6) He used to read a lot of books.他以前会读很多书。 7) The car belongs to me.这辆车是我的。 8) Students are encouraged to take part in extracurricular activities.学生们被鼓励参加课外活动。 9) The factory was burned down last night.工厂昨晚被烧毁了。 10) The paper burned up in the fire.纸在火中烧光了。 11) The electrical short circuit burned out the motor.电路短路烧毁了电机。 12) Exercise can help you burn off excess fat.运动可以帮助你燃烧多余的脂肪。 13) Education has gone so far that online learning is now very common.教育发展至今，在线学习已十分普及。 14) The team has come／progressed so far in their research.团队在研究中取得了如此巨大的进展。 15) He had the guards throw them out of the club.他叫保安人员把他们轰出了俱乐部。 16) Life was simpler in the old days.过去的生活更简单。 17) He has made great progress in his studies this year.今年，他在学业上取得了很大的进步。 18) Long screen time can result in poor eyesight.长时间使用电子设备会导致视力不好。 19) A poor diet and a lack of exercise can lead to/result in health problems.不良饮食和缺乏锻炼可能导致健康问题。 20) This path leads to the lake.这条小路通向湖边。 21) The company’s poor management resulted in a great loss.公司的管理不善导致了重大损失。 22) It seems like a good idea.这听上去是个好主意。 23) She seems like a nice person.她看起来是个好人。 24) It seems like it might rain later.看起来稍后可能会下雨。 25) The solution seems effective.这个解决方案看起来很有效。 26) It seems to be a good day for a picnic.看起来今天的好天气很适合野餐。 27) It seems that the solution works well.看起来这个解决方案效果很好。 28) He seems as if／though he has seen this boy before.他貌似以前见过这个男孩。 29) I have tons of work to do this weekend.这个周末我有很多工作要做。 30) There are tons of reasons to visit this city.有很多理由去参观这座城市。 24. But still, it is important to learn about the past if a better future is to be created. 但是，如果要创造一个更美好的未来，了解过去是很重要的。 · 划线部分中，使用了一种特殊的表达将来含义的结构：be动词＋动词不定式。这种结构通常用于表达意图、安排或必然性，强调某个动作或事件在未来会发生。 · 划线部分的动词不定式部分使用了被动语态，强调“更美好的未来要被创造出来”。 · 由于“be动词＋动词不定式”通常被认为是用现在时表达将来的含义，因此可以被用于if或when等引导的状语从句中。 1) She is to start her new job on Monday.她打算在周一开始她的新工作。 2) The meeting is to be held tomorrow.会议安排在明天举行。 【U4强化】 I. Complete the passage by using the words and phrase in the box in theirproper forms.用方框中所给单词和短语的适当形式完成短文。 tape inside borrow seem like imagine film record business Life in the past was very different from today. Let's take a trip back in time! In the 1980s, when people listened to music at home, they would mostly put the (1) ___________________ into a cassette player and press PLAY. If you wanted to hear a song again, you had to rewind it — no skipping tracks! Some homes still had a (2) ___________________ player for playing vinyl (黑胶唱片). The sound was warm, but scratches could ruin the music. Back then, families often gathered around a small TV set to watch films. They couldn't stream(流播) anything. If they wanted to watch a specific film, they had to (3) ___________________ a videotape from a store. Taking photos was harder too. Cameras used (4) ___________________ that could only take 24 or 36 pictures for each roll. You had to wait for days to see the photos (5) ___________________ the darkroom (冲洗胶片的暗室). And can you (6) ___________________ life without smartphones? People wrote letters or used payphones. Small (7) ___________________, like grocery stores, didn't have digital cashiers. It might (8) ___________________ a slower world, but it was full of simple joys. 1. tape 2. record 3. borrow 4. film 5. inside 6. imagine 7. business 8. seem like II. Figure out the part of speech and the meaning of the underlined word in each sentence.写出句中划线单词的词性和词义。 1. We watched an interesting film last night. _________ _________ The director decided to film the scene again to get it perfect. _________ _________ 2. They walked along the river bank. _________ _________ She works at a bank as a teller. _________ _________ 3. The lead actor in the play is very famous. _________ _________ She will lead the team to victory. _________ _________ 4. He broke the world record for the 100-metre dash. _________ _________ She recorded the meeting so we could listen to it later. _________ _________ 5. The children love to play in the park. _________ _________ She played the piano beautifully at the concert. _________ _________ 1．n．电影 v．拍摄 2．n．堤岸 n．银行 3．n．主角 v．带领 4．n．纪录 v．录制5．v．玩耍 v．弹奏 III. Fill in the blanks with the verbs in their proper forms (用所给动词的适当形式填空) 1. Before the Internet_________________, people had to rely on books for information. (exist) 2. The old man_________________ how he used to travel by horse and carriage. (recall) 3. When the teacher_________________ the history of technology, the students were fascinated. (explain) 4. The scientist _________________ that future homes would be powered by solar energy. (predict) 5. In the past, people_____________________ access to modern entertainment like streaming services. (not/ have) 6. The invention of the airplane_____________________ the way people travel around the world. (revolutionize) 1. existed 2. recalled 3. explained 4. predicted 5. did not have 6. has revolutionized 【U4主题阅读】 I. Read the passage and complete the tasks. 阅读短文,完成任务。 Chinese beliefs about colours Different colours, different meanings When you see colours, some feelings or images may come to mind. For cultures around the world, colours are symbols. Their meanings, though, are not the same in each culture. For the Chinese, some colours have special meanings. In ancient China, the heavens were said to be described as Xuan, a mysterious black. It showed the universe always changed in mysterious ways. Black was also the colour related to death. Red was the colour of good fortune and joy. Therefore, it was seen everywhere during celebrations such as weddings, birthdays, and the Chinese New Year. Green was the colour of spring, and it represented energy and strength. White was a symbol of brightness and purity. It also symbolized death, so people wore white when their loved ones died. Yellow was considered to be a powerful colour. TheChinese emperors wore yellow and lived in palaces with yellow roofs. Some of these colour beliefs remain to this day, and the Chinese continue to follow them. For example, people still use red for celebrations —— like giving money as gifts in red envelopes during the Chinese New Year. The traditional colour beliefs help connect today's China to its ancient past. What do colours mean to other cultures? Are they similar to the Chinese beliefs above? Choose the best answer. 选择最恰当的答案。 ( ) 1. This passage is mainly about____________. A. why colours are special around the world B. what certain colours meant and mean to the Chinese C. how every country has different beliefs about colours D. how colours showed a person's social position in China ( ) 2. What did the colour yellow mean to the Chinese? A. It was the colour of the sun. B. It was a symbol of power. C. It was a symbol of energy and strength. D. It was the colour of brightness and purity. ( ) 3. What can be inferred from this passage? A. People wore green clothes in winter. B. Little girls had to wear white dresses. C. People wore red clothes on happy occasions. D. The colour traditions in China have disappeared. ( ) 4. Which word can replace the underlined word “fortune” in paragraph 2? A. time B. money C. luck D. pride 1.B 2.B 3.C 4.C Answer the questions. 回答问题。 1. What did Xuan show? 2. What did the colour green represent to Chinese people? 3. What example does the writer give to show red is still a colour of celebration in China today? 1. It showed the universe always changed in mysterious ways. 2. It represented energy and strength. 3. People give money as gifts in red envelopes. 选择题答案与解析 1. 答案：B 定位：全文核心内容（第 1 段明确 “For the Chinese, some colours have special meanings”，第 2 段介绍古代中国颜色的含义，第 3 段说明部分含义延续至今）。 解析：文章围绕 “中国人对特定颜色的传统含义及部分含义的延续” 展开。A 选项 “世界范围的颜色特殊性”、C 选项 “每个国家的颜色信仰” 均超出文章范围（文章重点是中国，非全球）；D 选项 “颜色体现社会地位” 仅黄色提及，并非主旨，故 B 正确。 2. 答案：B 定位：第 2 段最后两句：“Yellow was considered to be a powerful colour. The Chinese emperors wore yellow and lived in palaces with yellow roofs.” 解析：原文直接指出黄色是 “powerful”（有力量的），即象征权力。A 选项 “太阳的颜色” 文章未提及；C 选项 “能量与力量” 是绿色的含义；D 选项 “明亮与纯洁” 是白色的含义，故 B 正确。 3. 答案：C 定位：第 2 段 “Red was the colour of good fortune and joy. Therefore, it was seen everywhere during celebrations...”；第 3 段 “people still use red for celebrations...” 解析：“happy occasions”（喜庆场合）与原文 “celebrations”（庆典）对应，可推断人们在喜庆时穿红色。A 选项 “冬天穿绿色” 错误（绿色象征春天）；B 选项 “小女孩必须穿白色” 文章未提及；D 选项 “中国颜色传统消失” 错误（原文说 “some of these colour beliefs remain to this day”），故 C 正确。 4. 答案：C 定位：第 2 段 “Red was the colour of good fortune and joy. Therefore, it was seen everywhere during celebrations...” 解析：“good fortune” 与 “joy”（快乐）并列，且红色用于庆典，可知其含义为 “好运”。A（时间）、B（金钱）、D（骄傲）均不符合语境，“luck”（运气）是同义替换，故 C 正确。 回答问题答案与解析 1. 答案：It showed the universe always changed in mysterious ways. 定位：第 2 段第 1-2 句：“In ancient China, the heavens were said to be described as Xuan, a mysterious black. It showed the universe always changed in mysterious ways.” 解析：原文明确指出 “Xuan（玄，即神秘的黑色）” 所代表的含义 —— 体现宇宙以神秘的方式不断变化，直接提取该句即可得到答案。 2. 答案：It represented energy and strength. 定位：第 2 段第 6 句：“Green was the colour of spring, and it represented energy and strength.” 解析：该句直接说明绿色对中国人的象征意义 —— 代表活力与力量，无需额外推断，直接引用关键信息即可。 3. 答案：Giving money as gifts in red envelopes during the Chinese New Year. 定位：第 3 段第 2 句：“For example, people still use red for celebrations —— like giving money as gifts in red envelopes during the Chinese New Year.” 解析：原文用 “for example” 引出红色仍用于庆典的具体实例，破折号后 “giving money as gifts in red envelopes during the Chinese New Year” 即为作者所举的例子，直接提取该部分内容即可。 II. Choose the best answer（根据以下内容，选择最恰当的答案） Hi Jim! I'm sending this email from a computer in a youth hostel, and I'm on a hiking trip with my brother. We're walking along Hadrian s Wall. It crosses England from one side to the other. The Romans built it about 1,900 years ago. This was the edge of the Roman Empire（帝国）then. Archaeologists（考古学家）say the Romans probably built the wall to keep out the people who lived north of here. There's still quite a lot of the wall left, but in some places it's disappeared completely. Over the years, people took the stones away to build houses and roads. You can walk along the wall—or where it-used to be-for more than 120 kilometres. We're going to do all of it! Today we did about 20 kilometres. We're camping some nights and staying in youth-hostels on other nights. It's really interesting. Some parts of the wall have been rebuilt, so you can imagine how it all looked. Yesterday we went to a museum. It showed what life was like for the Roman soldiers who had to live here all those years ago. Lots of them hated it because it was so cold and wet. But it hasn't been cold and wet for us this week! The weather s been nice. There are lots of people doing the walk, and the campsites and hostels are pretty crowded. Someone told us it's the most popular place for tourists in the north of England. That is all for now. Someone wants to use the computer. Yours, Robin ( ) 1. Robin wrote Jim the email to_________. A. complain about the weather B. tell him about his hiking trip C. introduce the archaeologists D. ask him to use the computer ( )2. The underlined word “It” in the first paragraph refers to “_________”. A. Rome B. Hadrian's Wall C. England D. the campsite ( )3. Some parts of Hadrian's Wall disappeared_________. A. because foreign tourists destroyed it B. and none of them have been rebuilt C. because people took the stones away D. and nobody knows why ( )4. On this vacation, Robin is staying_________. A. only in youth hostels B. only in campsites C. in youth hostels and campsites D.at his brother's home ( )5. Many Roman soldiers hated life at Hadrian's Wall because_________. A. of the bad weather B. it was far from home C.it was dangerous D. they didn't like the food BBCCA 1. 答案：B 定位：邮件开头第 1 句：“I'm sending this email from a computer in a youth hostel, and I'm on a hiking trip with my brother.” 解析：Robin 在邮件中详细描述了自己和哥哥沿着哈德良长城徒步旅行的经历（路线、长城历史、行程安排、天气等），核心目的是告知 Jim 此次徒步旅行的情况，A（抱怨天气）、C（介绍考古学家）、D（让 Jim 用电脑）均与邮件内容不符。 2. 答案：B 定位：第 1 段第 3-4 句：“We're walking along Hadrian's Wall. It crosses England from one side to the other.” 解析：前一句明确提到 “Hadrian's Wall（哈德良长城）”，后一句的 “It” 指代前文出现的单数名词，结合语境 “横跨英格兰”，可知 “It” 指哈德良长城，而非罗马（A）、英格兰（C）或露营地（D）。 3. 答案：C 定位：第 3 段第 1-2 句：“There's still quite a lot of the wall left, but in some places it's disappeared completely. Over the years, people took the stones away to build houses and roads.” 解析：原文直接说明长城部分段落消失的原因 —— 多年来人们拆走石头建造房屋和道路，A（外国游客破坏）、B（未重建任何部分，与后文 “Some parts... been rebuilt” 矛盾）、D（原因不明）均不符合原文。 4. 答案：C 定位：第 3 段最后 1 句：“We're camping some nights and staying in youth hostels on other nights.” 解析：该句明确指出 Robin 和哥哥有时露营，有时住青年旅社，即同时住青年旅社和露营地，A（只住青年旅社）、B（只住露营地）、D（住哥哥家）均与原文不符。 5. 答案：A 定位：第 4 段最后 1 句：“Lots of them hated it because it was so cold and wet.” 解析：原文直接说明罗马士兵讨厌在长城生活的原因 —— 天气寒冷潮湿（即恶劣天气），B（离家远）、C（危险）、D（不喜欢食物）均未在文中提及。 III. Choose the best answer to complete the passage（选择最恰当的选项完成短文） There are purple clothes, purple handbags, purple bicycles, purple furniture, even purple computers! So purple is one of the most popular colours today. But in the past, purple was a very expensive and unusual colour. Let's take a look at the rich _____1_____ of the colour purple. Some scientists believe that the first plants to appear on the Earth over 500million years ago probably looked purple, not green. Plants today are green because _____2_____ use green chlorophyll（叶绿素） to produce energy．But these early plants probably used something dark purple. During the time of the Roman Empire, it was very difficult to make purple dye（染料）．The dye came from sea snails．But 10,000 dead sea snails got you just one gram of purple dye, as well as a very bad smell! This _____3_____ purple dye was called Tyrian purple, and it was the preferred colour of emperors. In 16th-century England, purple was _____4_____ for the king's family members. Queen Elizabeth's clothes were purple, but ordinary people were not allowed to wear the colour. In 1856, William Perkin, an 18-year-old _____5_____ student, noticed something strange while doing an experiment. The chemicals he used to clean his instruments mixed with the chemicals he used in his experiment and produced a bright purple colour. This discovery allowed Perkin to start a company using this chemical mixture to make purple dye. The dye was much _____6_____ than sea-snail dye. Thanks to Perkin, now anyone can afford to wear purple clothes. ( )1. A. history B. style C. research D. product ( )2. A. others B. they C. we D. some ( )3. A. basic B. harmful C. special D. perfect ( )4. A. even B. never C. seldom D. only ( )5. A. geography B. science C. art D. maths ( )6. A. healthier B. thicker C. cheaper D. darker A BCDBC 1. 第 1 题：A. history · 依据：短文开篇对比 “现在紫色受欢迎” 与 “过去紫色昂贵罕见”，后文依次讲述 “5 亿年前紫色植物”“罗马帝国的紫色染料”“16 世纪英国紫色的使用限制”“1856 年紫色染料的发明”，均围绕紫色的 “历史发展” 展开。 · 逻辑：“rich history”（丰富的历史）符合全文 “按时间顺序介绍紫色演变” 的主题，其他选项 “style（风格）”“research（研究）”“product（产品）” 均无法概括全文内容。 2. 第 2 题：B. they · 依据：前一句主语是 “Plants today（现在的植物）”，本句 “Plants today are green because _____ use green chlorophyll...” 中，空格处需指代前文的 “Plants”（复数名词）。 · 逻辑：“they” 是第三人称复数代词，可指代 “Plants”；“others（其他事物）”“we（我们）”“some（一些）” 均无法准确指代 “现在的植物”，语法和语义不匹配。 3. 第 3 题：C. special · 依据：前文提到 “制作紫色染料极难（10000 只死海螺仅能提取 1 克染料，还伴有难闻气味）”，这种染料被称为 “Tyrian purple（提尔紫）”，且是 “皇帝偏爱的颜色”。 · 逻辑：“special（特殊的）” 能体现这种染料 “获取难度大、仅皇帝使用” 的稀缺性；“basic（基础的）”“harmful（有害的）”“perfect（完美的）” 均不符合原文对染料 “珍贵、难得” 的描述。 4. 第 4 题：D. only · 依据：后一句明确说明 “Queen Elizabeth's clothes were purple, but ordinary people were not allowed to wear the colour（伊丽莎白女王的衣服是紫色，但普通人不允许穿这种颜色）”。 · 逻辑：“only（仅，只）” 符合 “紫色仅限王室成员使用” 的限制；“even（甚至）”“never（从不）”“seldom（很少）” 均与 “普通人不准穿” 的语境矛盾。 5. 第 5 题：B. science · 依据：后文提到 “William Perkin... while doing an experiment（做实验时）”“The chemicals he used... mixed with the chemicals...（使用化学物质混合）”，实验、化学物质均属于 “科学领域”。 · 逻辑：“science student（理科学生）” 符合 “做科学实验、研究化学物质” 的身份；“geography（地理）”“art（艺术）”“maths（数学）” 均与 “实验、化学” 无关。 6. 第 6 题：C. cheaper · 依据：前文提到 “罗马帝国的紫色染料来自海螺，获取成本极高”，而 Perkin 的发明是 “using this chemical mixture to make purple dye（用化学混合物制作紫色染料）”，后文总结 “Thanks to Perkin, now anyone can afford to wear purple clothes（现在任何人都买得起紫色衣服）”。 · 逻辑：“cheaper（更便宜的）” 是 “任何人都买得起” 的前提，与前文 “海螺染料昂贵” 形成对比；“healthier（更健康的）”“thicker（更厚的）”“darker（更深的）” 均未在原文提及，不符合 “ affordability（ affordability（可负担性））” 的核心语境。 IV. Read the passage and answer the questions（阅读短文，回答问题，5题2分） 76 years of English learning in China Li Hua is famous to many Chinese kids. In school, students often write letters as Li Hua to a friend from another country. The letters have changed over time, showing how English learning in China has grown. This year, China is 76 years old. The country has done a great job teaching more people English. It's also helped people from different countries understand each other better. Tian Lijun is from Dalian, Liaoning. She learned English in the 1990s. She remembers learning the letters and simple words when she was in middle school. Zhang Zhibin is an English teacher in Beijing. He started teaching 24 years ago. He learned English when he was in the sixth grade. Nowadays, many kids start learning English as young as possible. Wang Mengqi, a 27-year-old high school English teacher, began to learn English when she was in kindergarten. She had fun books with pictures to learn new words. The way teachers teach English has changed a lot too. Today teachers use computers and educational apps to help students learn English. Textbooks are always updated to make learning better. They have new stories and information. Lei Chenxiang, a high school student, notices that his textbooks talk about what's happening in the world. Now, students write essays to share stories about China with friends from other countries. Wang thinks this change is because China is more confident. China is becoming more important in the world, and people want to talk about it. Zhang thinks learning English is very important. “English helps us talk to people from other countries," he said. “It's a way to connect with the world and to tell others about China.” 1.Who is Li Hua? 2. When does Wang Mengqi start learning English? 3.What tools do teachers use today? 4. Why are textbooks updated? 5.Why is English important? 1.A fictional character that students use to write letters (in English). 2. When she was in kindergarten. 3. Computers and educational apps. 4. To make learning better (by including real-world events and global issues). 5.It helps us talk to people from other countries and shares China's stories with the world. 1. Who is Li Hua? Answer：Li Hua is a figure famous to many Chinese kids; in school, students often write letters as Li Hua to a friend from another country. Location：第一段第一、二句（Li Hua is famous to many Chinese kids. In school, students often write letters as Li Hua to a friend from another country.） 2. When does Wang Mengqi start learning English? Answer：Wang Mengqi began to learn English when she was in kindergarten. Location：第五段第一句（Wang Mengqi, a 27-year-old high school English teacher, began to learn English when she was in kindergarten.） 3. What tools do teachers use today? Answer：Today teachers use computers and educational apps to help students learn English. Location：第六段第二句（Today teachers use computers and educational apps to help students learn English.） 4. Why are textbooks updated? Answer：Textbooks are always updated to make learning better. Location：第七段第一句（Textbooks are always updated to make learning better.） 5. Why is English important? Answer：English is important because it helps people talk to those from other countries, it is a way to connect with the world, and it helps tell others about China. Location：第九段第二、三句（“English helps us talk to people from other countries," he said. “It's a way to connect with the world and to tell others about China.”） 1 / 4 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $