内容正文:
知识清单 必修第一册Unit 1~Unit 3单元词汇短语句型梳理
清单
01
词类转换(变出精彩,举一反三)
Unit1
1.assignment n. 任务 → assign v. 分配;assigned adj. 指定的
2.creative adj. 创造性的 → creatively adv. 创造性地;creativity n. 创造力
3.stare v. 凝视 → staring adj. 凝视的;stare n. 凝视(同形异义)
4.pressure n. 压力 → pressured adj. 有压力的;pressurize v. 施压
5.expectation n. 期望 → expect v. 期待;expected adj. 预期的
6.comfort n./v. 安慰 → comfortable adj. 舒适的;comfortably adv. 舒适地
7.reflect v. 反思 → reflection n. 思考;reflective adj. 沉思的
8.comment n./v. 评论 → commentary n. 评注;commentate v. 解说
9.concentrate v. 集中 → concentration n. 专注;concentrated adj. 集中的
10.concern n./v. 关心 → concerned adj. 担忧的;concerning prep. 关于
Unit2
1. confusing adj. 困惑的 → confuse v. 使困惑;confusion n. 混乱
2. immediate adj. 立即的 → immediately adv. 立刻;immediacy n. 直接性
3. embarrassment n. 窘迫 → embarrass v. 使尴尬;embarrassed adj. 尴尬的
4. deliver v. 递送 → delivery n. 投递;deliverer n. 递送者
5. signal v./n. 信号 → signaling n. 发信号;signal adj. 显著的
6. fault n. 责任 → faulty adj. 有错误的;faultlessly adv. 完美地
7. context n. 语境 → contextual adj. 上下文的;contextually adv. 语境上地
8. attitude n. 态度 → attitudinal adj. 态度的(学术用词)
9. panic v./n. 惊慌 → panicked adj. 惊慌的;panicky adj. 恐慌的
10. differ v. 不同 → difference n. 差异;different adj. 不同的
Unit3
1. attraction n. 吸引 → attract v. 吸引;attractive adj. 有吸引力的
2. ruin n. 废墟 → ruined adj. 毁坏的;ruinous adj. 破坏性的
3. fascinating adj. 迷人的 → fascinate v. 使着迷;fascination n. 魅力
4. masterpiece n. 杰作 → master v. 精通;masterful adj. 熟练的
5. effort n. 努力 → effortless adj. 轻松的;effortlessly adv. 轻易地
6. opportunity n. 机会 → opportunistic adj. 机会主义的
7. overcome v. 克服 → overcome adj. 被克服的(过去分词作形容词)
8. obstacle n. 障碍 → obstruct v. 阻碍;obstruction n. 妨碍
9. goal n. 目标 → goal-oriented adj. 目标导向的(复合词)
10. participate v. 参与 → participation n. 参与;participant n. 参与者
清单
02
识词知意(厚积薄发,熟能生巧)
Unit1
单词
词性
释义
短语搭配
assignment
n.
(分派的) 任务
complete an assignment;hand in an assignment
related
adj.
相关的;有联系的
be related to...(例:The study is related to environmental issues.)
creative
adj.
创造 (性) 的;创作的
creative thinking;creative work
stare
v.
盯着看;凝视
stare at sb./sth.(例:Don’t stare at others—it’s rude.)
blank
adj.
空白的
a blank page;blank expression
sheet
n.
一张
a sheet of paper;bed sheets
essay
n.
文章,短文
-
actually
adv.
事实上,的确
-
fiction
n.
小说
science fiction(科幻小说 / 影片)
distant
adj.
遥远的;久远的
-
alien
n.
外星人;外星生物
-
ignore
v.
忽视;对…… 不予理会
-
beg
v.
恳求;哀求
-
sort
n.
种类;类别
-
rather
adv.
相当,在某种程度上
rather than(而不是)
harsh
adj.
残酷的;严厉的
-
(be) related to
动词短语
相关的;有联系的
-
make sure
动词短语
确保;设法保证
make sure to do sth.(例:Make sure to lock the door.)
science fiction
名词短语
科幻小说 (或影片等)
-
hand in
动词短语
提交,上交 (尤指书面材料或失物)
hand in homework(交作业)
turn out
动词短语
结果是;证明是;原来是
turn out to be...(例:The plan turned out to be successful.)
teenager
n.
(13 至 19 岁之间的) 青少年
-
pressure
n./v.
心理压力;紧张 / 逼迫
under pressure(承受压力);pressure sb. to do sth.(逼迫某人做某事)
expectation
n.
希望;盼望
meet sb.’s expectations(达到某人期望)
comfort
n./v.
安慰;慰藉 / 安慰
take comfort in...(从…… 中获得安慰)
throughout
prep.
自始至终
throughout the day(一整天)
adult
adj./n.
成年人的 / 成年人
-
reflect
v.
认真思考;深思
reflect on...(反思……)
nasty
adj.
不友好的;令人不愉快的
-
comment
n.
议论;评论
make a comment(发表评论)
glance
n.
匆匆一看;一瞥
take a glance at...(瞥一眼……)
behaviour
n.
行为;举止
good/bad behaviour(良好 / 不良行为)
shortage
n.
不足;缺少
a shortage of...(…… 的短缺)
genuine
adj.
真诚的;真心的;可依赖的
-
tempt
v.
引诱;诱惑
tempt sb. to do sth.(引诱某人做某事)
forward
adv.
向前
move forward(前进)
chapter
n.
(人生或历史的) 时期,篇章
-
limitation
n.
限制;不足之处
have limitations(有局限性)
under pressure
介词短语
承受着 (急于完成某事的) 压力
-
hold back
动词短语
妨碍进展
hold back development(阻碍发展)
tip
n.
指点;实用的提示
give a tip(给出建议)
regular
adj.
有规律的;定时的
regular exercise(规律锻炼)
concentrate
v.
集中 (注意力);聚精会神
concentrate on...(专注于……)
concern
n.
(对人、组织等) 重要的事情;关心
show concern for...(对…… 表示关心)
facility
n.
设施;设备
public facilities(公共设施)
puzzled
adj.
困惑的,迷惑不解的
look puzzled(看起来困惑)
locker
n.
(体育馆等的) 有锁存物柜,寄物柜
-
dustbin
n.
(常置于房外的) 垃圾桶,垃圾箱
-
gymnastics
n.
体操;体操训练
do gymnastics(练体操)
take part in
动词短语
参与某事
take part in an activity(参加活动)
concentrate on
动词短语
集中 (注意力);聚精会神
concentrate on study(专注学习
Unit2
单词
词性
释义
短语搭配
confusing
adj.
难以理解的
-
soil
n.
国土;领土;土壤
-
immediate
adj.
立即的,立刻的
immediate action(立即行动)
confusion
n.
困惑;不确定
in confusion(困惑地)
embarrassment
n.
窘迫;难堪,左右为难
with embarrassment(尴尬地)
pleasant
adj.
令人愉快的;可喜的
a pleasant experience(愉快的经历)
deliver
v.
递送;传送
deliver a package(递送包裹)
signal
v.
发信号;示意;标志;表明
signal to sb.(向某人示意)
wrist
n.
手腕
-
shrug
v.
耸肩(表示不知道或不在乎)
shrug one's shoulders(耸肩)
obviously
adv.
显然,明显地
-
fault
n.
责任;过失
at fault(有责任)
fade
v.
逐渐消失;逐渐消逝
fade away(逐渐消失)
memory
n.
回忆;记忆
in memory of(纪念)
fluency
n.
流利,流畅
fluency in...(在…… 方面流利)
literally
adv.
按字面;字面上
-
context
n.
上下文,语境
in context(在上下文中)
linguist
n.
语言学家
-
within
prep.
不出(某段时间);在(某段时间)之内
within an hour(一小时内)
attitude
n.
看法;态度
attitude towards...(对…… 的态度)
dramatically
adv.
显著地;剧烈地
-
appointment
n.
约会;预约
make an appointment(预约)
panic
v.
(使)惊慌,惊慌失措
panic about sth.(为某事惊慌)
ironically
adv.
(因出乎意料)奇怪地
-
set foot on
动词短语
进入,访问,参观(某地)
set foot on foreign land(踏上异国土地)
fry
n.
炸薯条
-
snail
n.
蜗牛
-
cheese
n.
奶酪
-
amazed
adj.
大为惊奇的
amazed at...(对…… 感到惊奇)
portion
n.
(食物的)一份
a portion of food(一份食物)
chip
n.
(BrE)炸薯条
-
plate
n.
盘子;碟子
-
packet
n.
小包装纸袋,小硬纸板盒
a packet of...(一小包……)
crisp
n.
炸土豆片,炸薯片
-
gravy
n.
(调味)肉汁
-
salty
adj.
含盐的;咸的
-
sauce
n.
调味汁;酱
-
savoury
adj.
咸味的
-
snack
n.
点心;小吃
snack bar(小吃店)
embarrassed
adj.
窘迫的,尴尬的
embarrassed by...(因…… 尴尬)
pants
n.
(BrE)内裤;短裤 /(especially NAmE)trousers 裤子
-
underwear
n.
内衣
-
disgusted
adj.
厌恶的;憎恶的;反感的
disgusted with...(对…… 厌恶)
eggplant
n.
茄子
-
pizza
n.
比萨饼;意大利饼
-
likely
adj.
可能的;预料的
likely to do...(可能做……)
vocabulary
n.
词汇,词汇量
expand vocabulary(扩大词汇量)
all the way
副词短语
一路上;自始至终
all the way through(自始至终)
on earth
副词短语
(加强疑问句的语气)到底,究竟
what on earth(究竟什么)
gesture
n.
手势;姿势;示意动作
make a gesture(做手势)
differ
v.
相异;有区别;不同于
differ from...(与…… 不同)
mostly
adv.
主要地;一般地;通常
-
besides
adv.
而且;再说 /prep.
除…… 之外
hug
v.
拥抱;搂抱
hug sb.(拥抱某人)
alternative
n.
可供选择的事物
an alternative to...(…… 的替代品)
differ from
动词短语
区别于;不同于
differ from each other(互相不同)
Unit3
单词
词性
释义
短语搭配
attraction
n.
向往的地方;有吸引力的事
tourist attraction(旅游景点)
decoration
n.
装饰品
-
relic
n.
遗迹;遗物
-
political
adj.
政治的;政府的
-
vast
adj.
巨大的;辽阔的
-
ruin
n.
残垣断壁;废墟
in ruins(成为废墟)
temple
n.
庙宇,神殿
-
fascinating
adj.
极有吸引力的;迷人的
-
masterpiece
n.
代表作;杰作
-
sculpture
n.
雕像;雕刻品
-
ceiling
n.
天花板;顶棚
-
breathtaking
adj.
激动人心的;令人赞叹的
-
tear
v.
挣开;拽开;撕裂;撕碎
tear...away (from)(依依不舍地离开)
quality
n.
质量;品质
high/low quality(高质量 / 低质量)
effort
n.
尽力;艰难的尝试
make an effort(作出努力)
region
n.
地区,区域
-
pasta
n.
意大利面食
-
onion
n.
洋葱
-
bacon
n.
咸猪肉;熏猪肉
-
luxury
n.
奢侈品
luxury goods(奢侈品)
range
n.
范围,区间
a range of...(一系列……)
opportunity
n.
机会;时机
seize an opportunity(抓住机会)
sparkly
adj.
闪烁的;闪耀的
-
tourist attraction
名词短语
旅游景点;旅游胜地
-
tear...away (from)
动词短语
依依不舍地离开;把…… 拿走
-
make an effort
动词短语
作出努力
-
relevant
adj.
紧密相关的;切题的
(be) relevant to(与…… 相关)
analyse
v.
分析
analyse data(分析数据)
process
v./n.
处理;加工 / 过程;进程
data processing(数据处理)
in the process(在过程中)
overcome
v.
克服;解决
overcome difficulties(克服困难)
obstacle
n.
障碍;阻碍
remove an obstacle(排除障碍)
practical
adj.
切实可行的
practical advice(实用建议)
setback
n.
挫折;阻碍
face a setback(面对挫折)
prevent
v.
阻止;阻碍
prevent sb. from doing(阻止某人做某事)
rooted
adj.
固定在某地的;稳固的
(be) rooted in(根深蒂固于)
chart
v./n.
制定计划 / 图表
chart a course(制定计划)
data chart(数据图表)
ahead
adv.
提前;提早
ahead of time(提前)
goal
n.
目标;目的
achieve a goal(实现目标)
teen
n.
(13 至 19 岁之间的) 青少年
teenager(同义替换)
amount
n.
(尤与不可数名词连用) 数量;数额
a large amount of...(大量……)
factor
n.
因素;要素
key factor(关键因素)
determine
v.
决定;影响
determine to do(决定做某事)
participate
v.
参加;参与
participate in(参加)
exchange
n.
交流,互访;交换
cultural exchange(文化交流)
finance
n.
资金
finance department(财务部门)
maintain
v.
维持;保持;维修;保养
maintain relationships(维持关系)
alongside
prep.
与…… 一起;与…… 同时;在…… 旁边
alongside sb./sth.(与…… 并肩)
solo
adj.
独自的;单独的
solo performance(单人表演)
sincerely
adv.
敬启,谨上
Yours sincerely(书信结尾敬语)
souvenir
n.
纪念物;纪念品
buy a souvenir(买纪念品)
airline
n.
航空公司
international airline(国际航空公司)
enquire
v.
询问;打听
enquire about sth.(询问某事)
luggage
n.
行李
check luggage(托运行李)
regulation
n.
章程;规章制度;规则
follow regulations(遵守规则)
charge
v.
收费,要价
charge for sth.(为某物收费)
therefore
adv.
因此;所以;因而
-
podcast
n.
视频播客
listen to a podcast(听播客)
witness
v.
当场看到,目击(尤指罪行或事故)
witness an accident(目击事故)
blessed
adj.
愉快安宁的;无忧无虑的
be blessed with...(有幸拥有……)
to the fullest
介词短语
充分;达到最大程度
enjoy to the fullest(尽情享受)
(be) relevant to
动词短语
与…… 相关的
-
(be) rooted in
动词短语
固定在某地的;稳固的;根深蒂固的
-
participate in
动词短语
参加;参与
-
on board
介词短语
在船上(或飞机上、火车上)
on board a plane(在飞机上)
清单
03
高频短语(极少成多,活学活用)
Unit 1
1
a writing assignment
一份写作作业
2
in some way related to summer vacation
在某种程度上与暑假有关
3
stare at a blank sheet of paper
盯着一张白纸
4
as usual
像往常一样
5
science fiction
科幻小说
6
a distant planet
一颗遥远的星球
7
hand in the story
上交故事
8
lie awake until 3 a.m.
一直醒着躺到凌晨 3 点
9
ignore the assignment
忽视作业
10
beg sb. for a chance
恳求某人给次机会
11
It turned out that……
结果是……
12
grade the essay
给文章打分
13
pass back your writing
发还你们的写作
14
put yourself under pressure
给自己压力
15
make sure that ……
确保……
16
no such thing as perfect
没有所谓的完美
17
bear repeating
值得再说一遍
18
face new expectations
面对新的期望
19
find comfort in it
从中找到安慰
20
a shortage of people
人员短缺
21
put others down
让别人出洋相
22
throughout your adult life
在你的成年生活中
23
reflect on sth.
反思某事
24
make a comment on sb.
评论某人
25
a withering glance
使人难堪的目光扫视
26
be nasty to others
对别人不友好
27
a new chapter in your life
你人生的新篇章
28
hold sb. back
妨碍某人进展
29
put limitations on oneself
限制自己
30
tempt sb. to do sth
引诱某人做某事
Unit2
1
set foot on Mexican soil
踏上墨西哥国土
2
take him at his word
相信他的话
3
deliver the ice-cream for me
把冰激凌递送给我
4
a mix of confusion and embarrassment
混杂着困惑与尴尬
5
make a rush for the nearest bus
朝着最近的公交车冲去
6
signal to the seller
向小贩示意
7
fade from one’s memory
从记忆里逐渐淡忘
8
change greatly with context
随着语境有很大的变化
9
refuse an offer
拒绝好意
10
a reflection of different cultural understandings of time
反映了不同文化对时间的理解
11
worry about being late
担心迟到
12
on time for appointment
准时赴约
13
the attitude towards time
对待时间的态度
14
travel all the way
一路旅行
15
order a portion of French fries/chips
点了一份薯条
16
a packet of crisps
一袋薯片
17
savoury snacks
咸味的点心
18
on earth
究竟
19
the excitement of learning a language
学习语言的兴奋之处
20
the difference in vocabulary
词汇量的不同
Unit3
1
visit Rome for the first time
第一次参观罗马
2
tourist attractions
旅游胜地
3
streets lit with Christmas decorations
点亮着圣诞节装饰品的街道上
4
wonderful relics from its distant past
远古时代的绝妙遗迹
5
the largest outdoor theatre
最大的室外剧场
6
the ruins of buildings and temples
建筑物和寺庙的废墟
7
the masterpieces of the Renaissance period
文艺复兴时期的代表作
8
without doubt
毋庸置疑
9
tear my eyes away from it
移不开眼
10
good in quality
质量好
11
make an effort
做出努力
12
luxury stores
奢侈品商店
13
in my price range
在我价格承受范围之内
14
a perfect opportunity
绝佳的机会
15
a sparkly decoration
闪闪发光的装饰
16
dream of traveling
梦想去旅行
17
seem irrelevant to you
看似与你无关
18
valuable study skills
有价值的学习技巧
19
analyse the world around you
剖析你周围的世界
20
process information
处理信息
21
help you overcome obstacles
帮助你克服困难
22
prevent you from reaching your dream
阻止你实现梦想
23
stay rooted in the practical
坚持实际
24
chart a course ahead
提前制定课程
25
have some limitations
有一些限制
26
determine your experience
决定了你的经历
27
a student exchange programme
学生交流项目
28
maintain your travel dreams
保持你的旅游梦想
29
running alongside your life
与你的生活并驾齐驱
30
step on board
踏上船
清单
04
单元写作(通用表达,范文背诵)
Unit 1
一、写作任务聚焦: (校园生活)
1. **记叙文写作**
- 任务描述:围绕新生适应经历展开叙事,例如描述开学第一天的事件(如课堂互动、社团活动),要求包含时间、地点、人物及情感变化线索。
- 能力目标:训练时间线叙事技巧,融入情感描写(如忐忑→成长),并分析语篇的语用价值(如Jim的作文因创新获评A的合理性)。
2. **建议类应用文**
- 任务示例:以书信形式给新生提出适应建议(如时间管理、社交技巧),需使用得体建议句式(如"You might consider...")。
二、典例剖析
1.假定你是李津,你的美国朋友 Chris今年作为交换生去了德国,无法适应新的校园生活,写信向你倾诉他的烦恼。请你给他回复一封建议信,内容包括:
1.表示理解对方心情;
2.分析可能的原因并给出合理的建议(以下原因至少选三项)
(1)语言不通,造成交流障碍
(2)学习压力大,课程难、节奏快
(3)文化差异大,沟通不畅
(4)社恐,性格内向安静,不爱参加集体活动
3.鼓励对方
参考词汇:交换生 exchange student 德国 Germany 美国 America
障碍 barrier 内向的 introverted
Dear Chris,
I’m very sorry to hear that you are feeling anxious about your new high school life.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear Chris,
I’m very sorry to hear that you are feeling anxious about your new high school life. It’s completely normal to feel this way as an exchange student in a new country. Language barriers might be causing communication issues, and the fast-paced courses could be overwhelming. Cultural differences could also lead to misunderstandings. Try joining language clubs and social events to meet people. Stay positive — you’ll adapt soon!
Yours,
Li Jin
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给美国朋友Chris写信,就他作为交换生在德国无法适应新的校园生活的问题给出建议。
【详解】1.词汇积累
完全地:completely→totally
正常的:normal→common
问题:issue→problem
适应:adapt→adjust
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句:Try joining language clubs and social events to meet people.
拓展句:You can try joining language clubs and social events so that you can meet people.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Language barriers might be causing communication issues, and the fast-paced courses could be overwhelming. (运用了and连接并列句)
【高分句型2】It’s completely normal to feel this way as an exchange student in a new country. (运用了it作形式主语,不定式短语作真正主语的结构)
Unit2
一、写作任务聚焦: (语言与文化)
1. **文化对比议论文**
- 任务描述:分析语言差异背后的文化内涵,或探讨数字时代对传统文化的影响。
- 思维目标:培养跨文化辩证思维,要求结合实例(如谚语对比"A friend in need..." vs. "患难见真情")。
2. **多义词文化解析**
- 任务示例:选择一个汉语词汇(如"空间"),阐释其不同语境中的文化象征意义(物理空间→精神归属)。
二、典例剖析
假如你是李华,你的网友英国交换生Vivian将于明年来厦门大学学习汉语。她发邮件向你诉说了她的担忧:请给她回复邮件,内容包括:
表示理解和安慰;
简要介绍中国与外国的差异;
提出建议,并给出理由。
注意:1.词数80词左右;2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Vivian,
I understand your concerns about coming to Xiamen University to study Chinese next year. After all, There are some differences between China and your country. For example, Chinese etiquette may differ from what you are familiar with in the UK. But don’t worry too much.
Here are some tips for you. First, I suggest that you arrive China early and take some time to familiarize yourself with the language and culture. Besides, make some friends. They can share their hobbies and ideas with you. I am confident that you will quickly learn to appreciate the unique characteristics of Chinese culture and make new friends in China.
Looking forward to your coming!
Yours,
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给明年来厦门大学学习汉语的英国交换生Vivian回复邮件,对于她的担忧表示理解和安慰;简要介绍中国与外国的差异;提出建议,并给出理由。
【详解】1.词汇积累
担忧:concern→worry
此外:besides → what’s more/ in addition
建议:tip→advice/suggestion
不同:differ from→ be different from
2.句式拓展
合并简单句
原句:Besides, make some friends. They can share their hobbies and ideas with you.
拓展句:Besides, make some friends, who can share their hobbies and ideas with you.
【点睛】【高分句型1】For example, Chinese etiquette may differ from what you are familiar with in the UK.(运用了what引导的宾语从句)
【高分句型2】First, I suggest that you arrive China early and take some time to familiarize yourself with the language and culture.(运用了that引导的宾语从句)
Unit3
一、写作任务聚焦:
1. **游记类说明文**
- 任务描述:描述旅行见闻并分析文化符号(如长城体现集体精神),需运用空间描写顺序(方位介词、景观特征词)。
2. **倡议书信**
- 任务示例:向旅游局提议可持续旅游措施(如减少商业化、保护当地文化),需结合伦理意识与社会责任。
3. **跨文化日记**
- 实践任务:记录接待外国访问团的经历(如书法体验活动),强调过程描述与感受反思。
二、典例剖析
假定你是李华,你参加了学校组织的生态游(eco-travel),于是给美国笔友John写邮件分享此次特别的旅行。内容包括:
1.旅行时间;
2.旅途见闻;
3.旅行感悟。
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear John,
I’m writing to share one of my wonderful experiences with you.
Last weekend our school went on eco-travel to a lake surrounded by trees in a suburb. All the way we drank in the scenery. The air was fresh, and the lake water was clear. From the travel, I find out the real meaning of eco-travel. It not only helps us come to love nature, but arouses our sense of responsibility. That is, as we enjoy the beauty of nature, we should protect harmony between humans and nature. All in all, eco-travel should be like this: take nothing away but your good memory; leave nothing behind but all green trees and clean water.
I have come to love eco-travel and hope I can enjoy eco-travel together with you.
Yours,
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达是一篇应用文,要求考生给美国笔友John写邮件分享学校组织的生态旅行。
【详解】1.词汇积累
帮助:help→assist
欣赏:enjoy→appreciate
应该:should→be supposed to
总的来说:all in all→in a word
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句:Last weekend our school went on eco-travel to a lake surrounded by trees in a suburb.
拓展句:Last weekend our school went on eco-travel to a lake which is surrounded by trees in a suburb.
【点睛】[高分句型1]
Last weekend our school went on eco-travel to a lake surrounded by trees in a suburb.(运用了过去分词作后置定语)
[高分句型2]
I have come to love eco-travel and hope I can enjoy eco-travel together with you.(运用了省略了连接词that的宾语从句)
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知识清单 必修第一册Unit 1~Unit 3单元词汇短语句型梳理
清单
01
词类转换(变出精彩,举一反三)
Unit1
1.assignment n. 任务 →_________. 分配;_________ adj. 指定的
2.creative adj. 创造性的 → _________adv. 创造性地;_________n. 创造力
3.stare v. 凝视 →_________ adj. 凝视的;_________n. 凝视(同形异义)
4.pressure n. 压力 →_________ adj. 有压力的;_________v. 施压
5.expectation n. 期望 →_________ v. 期待;_________adj. 预期的
6.comfort n./v. 安慰 →_________ adj. 舒适的;_________adv. 舒适地
7.reflect v. 反思 →_________ n. 思考;_________adj. 沉思的
8.comment n./v. 评论 → _________n. 评注;_________v. 解说
9.concentrate v. 集中 → _________n. 专注;_________adj. 集中的
10.concern n./v. 关心 →_________ adj. 担忧的;_________prep. 关于
Unit2
1. confusing adj. 困惑的 →_________ v. 使困惑;_________n. 混乱
2. immediate adj. 立即的 → _________adv. 立刻;_________n. 直接性
3. embarrassment n. 窘迫 → _________v. 使尴尬;_________adj. 尴尬的
4. deliver v. 递送 →_________ n. 投递;_________n. 递送者
5. signal v./n. 信号 →_________ n. 发信号;_________adj. 显著的
6. fault n. 责任 → _________adj. 有错误的;_________adv. 完美地
7. context n. 语境 →_________ adj. 上下文的;_________adv. 语境上地
8. attitude n. 态度 → _________adj. 态度的
9. panic v./n. 惊慌 →___________ adj. 惊慌的
10. differ v. 不同 →__________ n. 差异;__________adj. 不同的
Unit3
1. attraction n. 吸引 → __________v. 吸引;__________adj. 有吸引力的
2. ruin n. 废墟 →__________ adj. 毁坏的;破坏性的
3. fascinating adj. 迷人的 → __________v. 使着迷;__________n. 魅力
4. masterpiece n. 杰作 →__________ v. 精通;__________adj. 熟练的
5. effort n. 努力 → __________adj. 轻松的;__________adv. 轻易地
6. opportunity n. 机会 →__________ adj. 机会主义的
7. overcome v. 克服 →__________ adj. 被克服的(过去分词作形容词)
8. obstacle n. 障碍 → __________v. 阻碍;__________n. 妨碍
9. goal n. 目标 → __________-adj. 目标导向的(复合词)
10. participate v. 参与 →__________ n. 参与;__________n. 参与者
清单
02
识词知意(厚积薄发,熟能生巧)
Unit1
单词
词性
释义
短语搭配
assignment
n.
complete an assignment;hand in an assignment
related
adj.
be related to...(例:The study is related to environmental issues.)
creative
adj.
creative thinking;creative work
stare
v.
stare at sb./sth.(例:Don’t stare at others—it’s rude.)
blank
adj.
a blank page;blank expression
sheet
n.
a sheet of paper;bed sheets
essay
n.
-
actually
adv.
-
fiction
n.
science fiction(科幻小说 / 影片)
distant
adj.
-
alien
n.
-
ignore
v.
-
beg
v.
-
sort
n.
-
rather
adv.
rather than(而不是)
harsh
adj.
-
(be) related to
动词短语
-
make sure
动词短语
make sure to do sth.(例:Make sure to lock the door.)
science fiction
名词短语
-
hand in
动词短语
hand in homework(交作业)
turn out
动词短语
turn out to be...(例:The plan turned out to be successful.)
teenager
n.
-
pressure
n./v.
under pressure(承受压力);pressure sb. to do sth.(逼迫某人做某事)
expectation
n.
meet sb.’s expectations(达到某人期望)
comfort
n./v.
take comfort in...(从…… 中获得安慰)
throughout
prep.
throughout the day(一整天)
adult
adj./n.
-
reflect
v.
reflect on...(反思……)
nasty
adj.
-
comment
n.
make a comment(发表评论)
glance
n.
take a glance at...(瞥一眼……)
behaviour
n.
good/bad behaviour(良好 / 不良行为)
shortage
n.
a shortage of...(…… 的短缺)
genuine
adj.
-
tempt
v.
tempt sb. to do sth.(引诱某人做某事)
forward
adv.
move forward(前进)
chapter
n.
-
limitation
n.
have limitations(有局限性)
under pressure
介词短语
-
hold back
动词短语
hold back development(阻碍发展)
tip
n.
give a tip(给出建议)
regular
adj.
regular exercise(规律锻炼)
concentrate
v.
concentrate on...(专注于……)
concern
n.
show concern for...(对…… 表示关心)
facility
n.
public facilities(公共设施)
puzzled
adj.
look puzzled(看起来困惑)
locker
n.
-
dustbin
n.
-
gymnastics
n.
do gymnastics(练体操)
take part in
动词短语
take part in an activity(参加活动)
concentrate on
动词短语
concentrate on study(专注学习
Unit2
单词
词性
释义
短语搭配
confusing
adj.
-
soil
n.
-
immediate
adj.
immediate action(立即行动)
confusion
n.
in confusion(困惑地)
embarrassment
n.
with embarrassment(尴尬地)
pleasant
adj.
a pleasant experience(愉快的经历)
deliver
v.
deliver a package(递送包裹)
signal
v.
signal to sb.(向某人示意)
wrist
n.
-
shrug
v.
shrug one's shoulders(耸肩)
obviously
adv.
-
fault
n.
at fault(有责任)
fade
v.
fade away(逐渐消失)
memory
n.
in memory of(纪念)
fluency
n.
fluency in...(在…… 方面流利)
literally
adv.
-
context
n.
in context(在上下文中)
linguist
n.
-
within
prep.
within an hour(一小时内)
attitude
n.
attitude towards...(对…… 的态度)
dramatically
adv.
-
appointment
n.
make an appointment(预约)
panic
v.
panic about sth.(为某事惊慌)
ironically
adv.
-
set foot on
动词短语
set foot on foreign land(踏上异国土地)
fry
n.
-
snail
n.
-
cheese
n.
-
amazed
adj.
amazed at...(对…… 感到惊奇)
portion
n.
a portion of food(一份食物)
chip
n.
-
plate
n.
-
packet
n.
a packet of...(一小包……)
crisp
n.
-
gravy
n.
-
salty
adj.
-
sauce
n.
-
savoury
adj.
-
snack
n.
snack bar(小吃店)
embarrassed
adj.
embarrassed by...(因…… 尴尬)
pants
n.
-
underwear
n.
-
disgusted
adj.
disgusted with...(对…… 厌恶)
eggplant
n.
-
pizza
n.
-
likely
adj.
likely to do...(可能做……)
vocabulary
n.
expand vocabulary(扩大词汇量)
all the way
副词短语
all the way through(自始至终)
on earth
副词短语
what on earth(究竟什么)
gesture
n.
make a gesture(做手势)
differ
v.
differ from...(与…… 不同)
mostly
adv.
-
besides
adv.
除…… 之外
hug
v.
hug sb.(拥抱某人)
alternative
n.
an alternative to...(…… 的替代品)
differ from
动词短语
differ from each other(互相不同)
Unit3
单词
词性
释义
短语搭配
attraction
n.
tourist attraction(旅游景点)
decoration
n.
-
relic
n.
-
political
adj.
-
vast
adj.
-
ruin
n.
in ruins(成为废墟)
temple
n.
-
fascinating
adj.
-
masterpiece
n.
-
sculpture
n.
-
ceiling
n.
-
breathtaking
adj.
-
tear
v.
tear...away (from)(依依不舍地离开)
quality
n.
high/low quality(高质量 / 低质量)
effort
n.
make an effort(作出努力)
region
n.
-
pasta
n.
-
onion
n.
-
bacon
n.
-
luxury
n.
luxury goods(奢侈品)
range
n.
a range of...(一系列……)
opportunity
n.
seize an opportunity(抓住机会)
sparkly
adj.
-
tourist attraction
名词短语
-
tear...away (from)
动词短语
-
make an effort
动词短语
-
relevant
adj.
(be) relevant to(与…… 相关)
analyse
v.
analyse data(分析数据)
process
v./n.
data processing(数据处理)
in the process(在过程中)
overcome
v.
overcome difficulties(克服困难)
obstacle
n.
remove an obstacle(排除障碍)
practical
adj.
practical advice(实用建议)
setback
n.
face a setback(面对挫折)
prevent
v.
prevent sb. from doing(阻止某人做某事)
rooted
adj.
(be) rooted in(根深蒂固于)
chart
v./n.
chart a course(制定计划)
data chart(数据图表)
ahead
adv.
ahead of time(提前)
goal
n.
achieve a goal(实现目标)
teen
n.
teenager(同义替换)
amount
n.
a large amount of...(大量……)
factor
n.
key factor(关键因素)
determine
v.
determine to do(决定做某事)
participate
v.
participate in(参加)
exchange
n.
cultural exchange(文化交流)
finance
n.
finance department(财务部门)
maintain
v.
maintain relationships(维持关系)
alongside
prep.
alongside sb./sth.(与…… 并肩)
solo
adj.
solo performance(单人表演)
sincerely
adv.
Yours sincerely(书信结尾敬语)
souvenir
n.
buy a souvenir(买纪念品)
airline
n.
international airline(国际航空公司)
enquire
v.
enquire about sth.(询问某事)
luggage
n.
check luggage(托运行李)
regulation
n.
follow regulations(遵守规则)
charge
v.
charge for sth.(为某物收费)
therefore
adv.
-
podcast
n.
listen to a podcast(听播客)
witness
v.
witness an accident(目击事故)
blessed
adj.
be blessed with...(有幸拥有……)
to the fullest
介词短语
enjoy to the fullest(尽情享受)
(be) relevant to
动词短语
-
(be) rooted in
动词短语
-
participate in
动词短语
-
on board
介词短语
on board a plane(在飞机上)
清单
03
高频短语(极少成多,活学活用)
Unit 1
1
a writing assignment
2
in some way related to summer vacation
3
stare at a blank sheet of paper
4
as usual
5
science fiction
6
a distant planet
7
hand in the story
8
lie awake until 3 a.m.
9
ignore the assignment
10
beg sb. for a chance
11
It turned out that……
12
grade the essay
13
pass back your writing
14
put yourself under pressure
15
make sure that ……
16
no such thing as perfect
17
bear repeating
18
face new expectations
19
find comfort in it
20
a shortage of people
21
put others down
22
throughout your adult life
23
reflect on sth.
24
make a comment on sb.
25
a withering glance
26
be nasty to others
27
a new chapter in your life
28
hold sb. back
29
put limitations on oneself
30
tempt sb. to do sth
Unit2
1
set foot on Mexican soil
2
take him at his word
3
deliver the ice-cream for me
4
a mix of confusion and embarrassment
5
make a rush for the nearest bus
6
signal to the seller
7
fade from one’s memory
8
change greatly with context
9
refuse an offer
10
a reflection of different cultural understandings of time
11
worry about being late
12
on time for appointment
13
the attitude towards time
14
travel all the way
15
order a portion of French fries/chips
16
a packet of crisps
17
savoury snacks
18
on earth
19
the excitement of learning a language
20
the difference in vocabulary
Unit3
1
visit Rome for the first time
2
tourist attractions
3
streets lit with Christmas decorations
4
wonderful relics from its distant past
5
the largest outdoor theatre
6
the ruins of buildings and temples
7
the masterpieces of the Renaissance period
8
without doubt
9
tear my eyes away from it
10
good in quality
11
make an effort
12
luxury stores
13
in my price range
14
a perfect opportunity
15
a sparkly decoration
16
dream of traveling
17
seem irrelevant to you
18
valuable study skills
19
analyse the world around you
20
process information
21
help you overcome obstacles
22
prevent you from reaching your dream
23
stay rooted in the practical
24
chart a course ahead
25
have some limitations
26
determine your experience
27
a student exchange programme
28
maintain your travel dreams
29
running alongside your life
30
step on board
清单
04
单元写作(通用表达,范文背诵)
Unit 1
一、写作任务聚焦: (校园生活)
1. **记叙文写作**
- 任务描述:围绕新生适应经历展开叙事,例如描述开学第一天的事件(如课堂互动、社团活动),要求包含时间、地点、人物及情感变化线索。
- 能力目标:训练时间线叙事技巧,融入情感描写(如忐忑→成长),并分析语篇的语用价值(如Jim的作文因创新获评A的合理性)。
2. **建议类应用文**
- 任务示例:以书信形式给新生提出适应建议(如时间管理、社交技巧),需使用得体建议句式(如"You might consider...")。
二、典例剖析
1.假定你是李津,你的美国朋友 Chris今年作为交换生去了德国,无法适应新的校园生活,写信向你倾诉他的烦恼。请你给他回复一封建议信,内容包括:
1.表示理解对方心情;
2.分析可能的原因并给出合理的建议(以下原因至少选三项)
(1)语言不通,造成交流障碍
(2)学习压力大,课程难、节奏快
(3)文化差异大,沟通不畅
(4)社恐,性格内向安静,不爱参加集体活动
3.鼓励对方
参考词汇:交换生 exchange student 德国 Germany 美国 America
障碍 barrier 内向的 introverted
Dear Chris,
I’m very sorry to hear that you are feeling anxious about your new high school life.
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Unit2
一、写作任务聚焦: (语言与文化)
1. **文化对比议论文**
- 任务描述:分析语言差异背后的文化内涵,或探讨数字时代对传统文化的影响。
- 思维目标:培养跨文化辩证思维,要求结合实例(如谚语对比"A friend in need..." vs. "患难见真情")。
2. **多义词文化解析**
- 任务示例:选择一个汉语词汇(如"空间"),阐释其不同语境中的文化象征意义(物理空间→精神归属)。
二、典例剖析
假如你是李华,你的网友英国交换生Vivian将于明年来厦门大学学习汉语。她发邮件向你诉说了她的担忧:请给她回复邮件,内容包括:
表示理解和安慰;
简要介绍中国与外国的差异;
提出建议,并给出理由。
注意:1.词数80词左右;2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
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Yours,
Li Hua
Unit3
一、写作任务聚焦:
1. **游记类说明文**
- 任务描述:描述旅行见闻并分析文化符号(如长城体现集体精神),需运用空间描写顺序(方位介词、景观特征词)。
2. **倡议书信**
- 任务示例:向旅游局提议可持续旅游措施(如减少商业化、保护当地文化),需结合伦理意识与社会责任。
3. **跨文化日记**
- 实践任务:记录接待外国访问团的经历(如书法体验活动),强调过程描述与感受反思。
二、典例剖析
假定你是李华,你参加了学校组织的生态游(eco-travel),于是给美国笔友John写邮件分享此次特别的旅行。内容包括:
1.旅行时间;
2.旅途见闻;
3.旅行感悟。
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