专题07 阅读理解-说明文（期中专项训练）八年级英语上学期新教材译林版

阅读理解-说明文 说明文是以说明为主要表达方式用来说明事物，阐明事理的一种文体。它通过揭示概念来说明事物的特征、本质及其规律性，给人准确的科学知识或正确思想。一般可分为实体事物说明和抽象事物说明两大类，词典、教材、论文、实验报告、产品说明书、广告、解说词及科学小品等都属于说明文。阅读说明文体裁的文章时应首先抓住下面的重要信息： A.说明的对象 B.说明对象的特征 C.说明的方法（例证法；定义法；分类法；因果关系法；比较对照法；过程分析法） 说明文专业术语较多，抽象程度高，这使得解题难度较大。 常见的结构形式有总分式（总 — 分、分 — 总、总 — 分 — 总）、递进式（由浅入深、由表及里、由现象到本质）、并列式（各部分内容无主次轻重之分）和对照式（通过比较对照说明事物异同）。 主题01 人与社会——科学技术 Passage1 （24-25八年级上·江苏南京·期中）Nobody wants to buy an expensive telescope and then aimlessly scan the stars trying to find an object. Help is needed. Thankfully, there is an app for that. Celestron is a leader in the world of telescopes and its StarSense Explorer app and dock (底座) have been designed to run on the StarSense Explorer telescopes. The free StarSense Explorer app (compatible with iOS and Android) uses information based on your exact location and time to tell you which stars or planets can be seen in the night sky (cloud-dependent, of course). Mount the phone into the StarSense Explorer dock attached to the telescope and choose your observation target (目标). A bracket (支架) will hold the phone over a mirror on the dock so that star patterns can reflect off the mirror and into the phone’s camera. StarSense Explorer processes (处理) the information and your telescope will find your target. As well as locating your target StarSense Explorer holds detailed information about your chosen object. Listen to an audio presentation while you observe, or read the available data. The StarSense Explorer app will even give you observing tips on how to get the best view. StarSense Explorer is the only astronomy app to use plate solving technology to find its target and it claims a typical pointing accuracy (目标指示精度) of as little as 0.25°. Used by professional observatories, and even orbiting satellites, plate solving is the process of extracting (提取) star pattern data in images and matching the star pattern within the image to its inside database (数据库) to work out a telescope’s pointing position. StarSense Explorer uses the smartphone’s camera as its “eye” and the phone’s processing power as its “brain”. Plate solving would normally require specialised technology, such as sensitive imaging camera, lens and astronomical software, all at great cost. The StarSense Explorer app is free and compatible with StarSense Explorer telescopes, starting from £189.99. If you’re ready to take a deeper dive into astronomy, Celestron’s StarSense Explorer technology will make a fine companion. You can discover more about StarSense Explorer technology at www.celestron.com. Catch up with Celestron at the New Science Live show between 12-14 October to learn more about StarSense Explorer. You will find the research team at stand i34. 1．StarSense Explorer app do the following things for users except ________. A．offering observing tips B．presenting cloud conditions C．locating the user’s target D．providing information about the target 2．What’s StarSense Explorer app’s biggest advantage over other astronomy apps? A．It’s easy to operate. B．It’s free with Celestron. C．It uses plate solving technology. D．It can be used in both iOS and Android phones. 3．Which of the following statements is TRUE? A．The smartphone’s camera works as the brain of StarSense Explorer app. B．StarSense Explorer app can be used independent from Celestron. C．The cheapest Celestron sells at the price of £189.99. D．Celestron is the best telescope in the world. 4．Besides visiting the website, how can people get information about StarSense Explorer app? A．Call its 400 hotline. B．Visit its offline store. C．Ask a new scientist at the show. D．Go to stand i34 to talk with the research team. 5．What’s probably the author’s purpose of writing this passage? A．To inform the readers of some tips for observing stars. B．To tell about technological innovation in astronomy. C．To recommend an app used with the telescope. D．To introduce a famous telescope brand. Passage2 （24-25八年级上·江苏扬州·期中）Drones are a kind of machine that can fly. They’re becoming more and more popular and are widely used in many areas. People use a computer to control this flying machine. Drones can do many things for us, like carrying things, taking pictures, and following animals that are in danger. Some people say this special machine will change our life as much as the computer does. In Brazil, farmers use drones to watch their crops. Brazil has quite a few large farms. On these farms, people find it difficult to look after all the crops. Drones can help farmers to find out if the crops are ill. They also help farmers use fewer farm chemicals. This can help the environment and save much money. Drones can also help to find lost people. If people are lost, who are far from home, police can use drones to find them. A 92-year-old man in Virginia was lost and had to spend a night in the woods. Luckily, the drone found him in 20 minutes. He was finally saved by the police. Drones can even serve people coffee. US company IBM has made this kind of drone. It can carry coffee to those in need. The drone can know when to bring a cup of coffee by studying a person’s habits. Then, the drone will fly to the person. There is a special device (设备) under the drone. It helps the drone to give people the coffee. The drone can also predict when someone needs their next cup of coffee. 1．In Paragraph 1, the writer tells us the wide use of drones in the passage by A．giving examples B．listing numbers C．answering questions D．using famous sayings 2．Which of the following statements is TRUE? A．Drones are more useful than computers. B．Drones don’t need anyone to control them. C．Drones can look for things that are lost. D．Drones can help people look after the crops. 3．How many things drones can help us do are mentioned (提及) in the passage? A．Three B．Four C．Five D．Six 4．What is the right structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． 主题02 人与社会——事物介绍 Passage1 （24-25八年级上·江苏南京·期中） Have you ever seen a windsock blowing in the wind? Well, you can make one of your own! This is a fun game that you can do with things you may have at home. You just need to follow a few easy steps. You will need: one piece of colored paper five ribbons (丝带) strong tape a string a pencil What to do: Step 1: Draw pictures on the paper. You can write your name on it. Do anything that will make it special to you. Step 2: Make the paper into the shape of a tube (管子). Then stick the tube together at each end and in the middle with a strong tape. Step 3: Use a pencil to make a hole into both sides of the tube. The holes should be only on one end of the tube. Pull the string into both holes. Then tie (系) the ends of the string together. Step 4: Now make five holes around the top of the other end of the tube. Put a ribbon through each of the holes. Tie a knot (结) in the ends. Make sure the knots are bigger than the holes. Now your windsock is ready to use, but how does it work? The shape of the tube plays an important part. Wind blows inside the tube and makes it fly and dance around. Hold the windsock up in the air by its string and run around. It will fly behind you. Now you can enjoy watching it dance around on its own! 1．Which of these things do you need for Step 2? A．Tape. B．Pencil. C．Ribbons. D．A string. 2．What do you do after you put ribbons through the holes in the tube? A．Make holes in the tube. B．Tape the tube together. C．Tie knots in the ribbons. D．Put a string through the hole. 3．Which of the following is the correct order according to the passage? a. Make the paper into the shape of a tube. b. Draw pictures and write names on the paper. c. Use a pencil to make a hole into both sides of the tube.. d. Make five holes around the top of the other end of the tube. A．b-a-c-d B．b-a-d-c C．a-b-d-c D．a-d-b-c 4．What is the main purpose (目的) of this article? A．To teach an important lesson. B．To explain how to make a windsock. C．To show what a windsock is like. D．To encourage readers to enjoy DIY. Passage2 （24-25八年级上·江苏南京·期中） ①A tree has roots. People have roots too. If you get to the root of a problem. you will solve it. It’s the same thing with words. Dig deeply into a big, unfamiliar word and you will understand where it came from. ②As readers, especially those reading in a second language, we need to deal with the text as if we were detectives (侦探), the first thing to do when meeting a new and difficult word is to judge the situation, to look at everything that is known and see if it helps us to understand what it means. ③As you know, prefixes and suffixes, and you will have the word building power. But root words are the key. Take time to learn a few of these and then put them in your memory. ④Let’s look at one common root word used in English. “Alter” from the Latin word means “other”. When you meet this root word, you know that the bigger word has something to do with “other”. Examine the word “alternate”. Can you find the Latin root in it? • If you and your friend like to eat out, first you pay and the other pays the next time. You are alternating paying. • If you go to the movies on alternate Saturdays, you go on one Saturday, but not the other Saturday. • If you have no alternative, you have no other choice. ⑤Learn as many root words as you can in the language you are studying. Then use your “rooting for words” skills. Like any new skill, practice and hard work make a big difference. 1．What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．The situation. B．The crime scene. C．Everything that is known. D．A new and difficult word. 2．If Jim and Lily go to the movies, which one below is “alternating paying”? A．They each pay half. B．Jim pays every time. C．They take turns to pay. D．Their parents pay for them. 3．How does the author explain his ideas about root words? A．By telling an interesting story. B．By listing some numbers in details. C．By giving the readers an example. D．By asking and answering a question. 4．Which of the following shows the structure of the passage? (① = paragraph 1 ③ = paragraph 2,…) A．B． C． D． Passage3 （24-25八年级上·江苏南京·期中）“Fast fashion” has been mentioned so often in the past two years. It means low-cost quickly-made clothing that copies the latest high-quality fashions. Unlike the traditional clothing industry where designers plan their new lines every season, fast fashions are made and sold whenever new fashions appear. They are put in shops and online quickly to create a high demand (需求). However, environmentalists are getting more worried about the influences of fast fashion on the environment. More than 100 billion items of such clothing are made every year. This expected to grow by 60 percent by 2030. The fast fashion business model is having adverse influence on the environment. Many of the clothes end up in landfills (垃圾填埋场) and are not recycled. The chemicals used to make the clothes are bad for the environment. These cause health problems for people working in clothes factories. It is reported that even children make many of these clothes. The way people are buying clothes is adding to the problem of clothing waste. Many years ago people went to stores and tried clothes on. People took more time and thought more carefully before they bought clothes. They also wore them for longer. Today, people order cheap clothes on the Internet so often and if they don’t like them, they send them back or throw them away. Some people say this is causing a throwaway society. Some people buy clothes and never even wear them. The German media company Deutche Welle wrote, “Every year in Europe, four million tons of clothing ends up in the dustbin. Less than one percent of this is recycled. “It seems that the fashion industry wasting much.” 1．Which of the following is a feature of fast fashions? A．They appear every season. B．They are easy to make. C．They are of high quality. D．They are sold only in online shops. 2．What does the underlined word “adverse” in Para. 2 mean? A．hopeful B．useful C．careless D．harmful 3．What can we learn from Para. 3? A．People once bought clothes without thinking twice. B．People often buy expensive clothes from the Internet. C．The way people buying clothes causes some clothing waste. D．Over forty thousand tons of clothing in Europe are recycled. 4．What was the writer’s feeling about the fast fashion? A．Amazed. B．Worried. C．Surprised. D．Uninterested. 5．What’s the best title for the text? A．The Meaning of Fast Fashion B．The Popularity of Fast Fashion C．Problems with Fast Fashion D．Health problems with Fast Fashion Passage4 （23-24八年级上·江苏扬州·期中）Xiaoman or Grain Buds, the eighth solar term (节气), is a period full of hope, as the warm and soft wind of the spring and rich raindrops bring everything back to life. To show the healthy growth of this season, the Chinese Traditional Culture Museum held a fashion show performed by adult and child models on Sunday, the day that Xiaoman fell. Designed by Yang Jie, the clothes mixed the patterns, sewing features and dye (染色) skills of the Miao and Dong ethnic groups (少数民族) living in Guizhou province. Yang got the idea after a trip of the design team to the province in Southwest China. And the different colors show the changing of light and stand for different views of the several solar terms including Grain Buds from early summer to early autumn. Su Dan, deputy director of the Chinese Traditional Culture Museum, said before the show that these clothes become an important part of the cultural heritage, and what people used to wear and what they wear now carry rich information about the relations between people and nature, and what people think of their social roles (角色). So the show was a celebration of history and culture and the creative spirit and wisdom because of people’s long-term connection with the world. 1．Why was the fashion show held on the day that Xiaoman fell? A．To make people travel to the province in Southwest China. B．To show the healthy growth of this season. C．To talk about the culture of Xiaoman. D．To bring everything back to life. 2．Which of the following is TRUE? A．The clothes for the show mixed different skills and cultures together. B．Yang Jie, the designer, comes from the Miao and Dong ethnic groups. C．There are rich pictures about Xiaoman on the clothes for the show. D．The clothes for the show were designed in Guizhou province. 3．Which of the following best shows Su Dan’s opinion? A．People all over the world should work together. B．We should know humans and nature are both important. C．The show helps tell foreigners about Chinese culture. D．What people wear can show what they think of their social roles. 4．What’s the structure (结构) of the article? A． B． C． D． Passage5 （24-25八年级上·江苏扬州·期中）All around the world, buildings are going green! People are making green buildings. What does it mean to go green or to make a green building? A green building is designed in a way that is not harmful to the environment (环境). When planning green buildings, architects (建筑师) must think about how to use energy, water and materials in an environment-friendly way. There are many ways to save energy. Architects can design buildings to use natural light. Buildings can also be made with solar or wind power to get energy from the sun or the wind. To save water, green buildings can have areas on the roofs to collect rainwater. Kitchens and bathrooms can have sinks (水池) and toilets that conserve water. As for the materials used to build the building, it is important to use materials that do not have chemicals that are harmful to the air or water. Recycled materials can also be used for buildings. Buildings around the world use all three of these ways to go green. An office building called CH2 in Melbourne, Australia, uses wind and solar power. A cultural center in London, England, is made from recycled train cars and is powered by solar and wind power. The Academy of Sciences building in California in the US has recycled materials, solar energy and a huge “living roof” of plants. A temple in Thailand is made out of one million recycled glass bottles! This is a good use of recycled material, and it also lets natural light into the temple. More and more green buildings are being built and they are making the world a better place! 1．What do we know about a green building? A．It is usually painted green outside. B．It uses more materials than other buildings. C．It is designed by famous architects. D．It is built in an environment-friendly way. 2．Why do architects use natural light to design buildings? A．To save energy. B．To save materials. C．To protect plants. D．To protect buildings. 3．How does the writer support the main idea of Paragraph 3? A．By asking questions. B．By giving examples. C．By listing numbers. D．By explaining reasons. 4．What can be the best title for the text? A．Designing Buildings B．Going Green C．Recycling Materials D．Using Energy 主题03 人与社会——社会生活 Passage1 （24-25八年级上·江苏南通·期中）The weather is getting hotter. You are thirsty playing basketball or riding home from school. A cold drink may be just the thing. But be careful what you are drinking. Something that looks cool may not be good for your health. There are plenty of “energy drinks” on the market. Most of them have beautiful colors, cool names and attractive advertisements. The lists on them tell you they are helpful to your health. Sounds great! But after a careful check you may find that most energy drinks have lots of caffeine (咖啡因) in them. These drinks are especially aimed (目标) at young people, students, busy people and sports players. Makers sometimes say their drinks make you better at sports and can keep you awake. But be careful not to drink too much. Caffeine makes your heart beat fast. Because of this, the International Olympic Committee has limited (限制) its use. Caffeine in most energy drinks is at least as strong as that in a cup of coffee or tea. Possible health dangers have something to do with (和……有关) energy drinks. Just one box of energy drink can make you nervous (紧张的), have difficulty sleeping and can even cause heart problems. Scientists say that teenagers should be discouraged from taking drinks with a lot of caffeine in them. 1．The main reason for people not to drink too many energy drinks is that they many cause ________. A．heart problems B．nervousness C．sleeping difficulty D．possible health dangers 2．The underlined word “discouraged” in the last paragraph can be replaced (替换) with “________”. A．Encouraged B．stopped C．helped D．disliked 3．From the passage we can know that ________. A．advertisements are important in getting people to buy energy drinks B．energy drinks are helpful to teenagers’ study C．sports players need to drink a lot of energy drinks D．energy drinks are especially aimed at teenagers 4．Which of the following can be the best title of the passage? A．What’s the Use of Energy Drinks B．Who Can Drink Energy Drinks C．What’s that in Energy Drinks D．Why Can’t We Buy Energy Drinks Passage2 （24-25八年级上·江苏扬州·期中）Part of growing up is learning how to work things out for yourself. However, when you’re feeling lost you don’t have to be alone.                                    There are lots of reasons why you could need help, for example, with schoolwork; learning a new skill; or when you feel sad or angry. Feeling down because you’re finding something difficult, or it’s taking a long time to make progress, can also make you feel like you can’t do it. These are all signs that you need help. When you’re struggling with something but you tell yourself you should be able to do it on your own, asking for help will move you forward more quickly. Asking for help isn’t always easy. It can be tricky if you’re not sure who to ask. You might feel worried that they won’t want to help or they haven’t got the time. If you’re ashamed that you need help, or if you think asking for a helping hand is a sign of weakness, it makes it harder to turn to another person. Angela McMillan, a counsellor who advises young people, says “We may feel scared that it won’t be taken seriously or that it isn’t a big deal to the other person.” Everyone finds things difficult sometimes. McMillan believes asking for help is brave. “Letting someone in, trusting them with your story and asking them to listen to you and help you takes great courage. ” By asking for help, you can also practise speaking up for yourself and saying what you need. It also shows you how someone else might feel when they’re struggling, which means you could be more able to offer a helping hand when someone needs it. 1．Who is the passage written for? A．Parents. B．Students. C．Doctors. D．Teachers. 2．What does the “ tricky” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Exciting. B．Funny. C．Boring. D．Difficult. 3．Which is the reason that we fail to ask for help? A．We are not brave enough. B．Others don’t have free time. C．The problem isn’t taken seriously. D．We can deal with everything alone. 4．What lesson does this passage teach us? A．Actions speak louder than words. B．God helps those who help themselves. C．A problem shared is a problem halved. D．A man become learned by asking questions. 主题04 其他 Passage1 （24-25八年级上·江苏南通·期中）Success does not belong to a select group of individuals(个人). Success belongs to those who are willing to go after it and try their best to do what they have to do. Here are some useful practical ways for you if you want to be a success. Desire. Desire is the strong wish to achieve a goal. Without desire you have nothing. Before you can run with desire, your goal must be plain, clear, and it must also be exciting. Show up. Seventy percent of success in life is showing up. You can’t have a best seller, if you have never written a book. You can’t get your dream job, if you’re afraid to turn in an application. Showing up doesn’t guarantee(保证) success, but if you don’t show up, you won’t succeed. Fail. Unless you’re willing to have a try, fail unhappily, and have another try, success won’t happen. To have success you have to do things the right way, but often the only way to do something right is to first fail at it. As Thomas J. Watson said, a simple formula（公式）for success is to double your rate of failure (失败). So welcome failure, become a student of failure, learn from failure, and soon you will succeed. Work Harder. Everyone runs, but everyone is not willing to run for an hour every day. Success is not about doing what the common person can’t do. It’s about doing what the common person is unwilling to do. And on a deeper level, it’s about creating habits that the common person is unwilling to create. It’s the habit of doing things with excellence that causes success. Enjoy the Journey. Success is a journey, not a destination(终点). Success is not a certain car or a certain house or a certain happy marriage. Success is the enjoyment of the journey. You have to enjoy the journey. Someone once said, “Unless you change how you are, you will always have what you’ve got.” You have to change…you will change, you will succeed. 1．Which of the following is NOT mentioned in achieving success? A．Working hard. B．Good education. C．Strong desire. D．Enjoying failure. 2．What does the writer really mean by saying “Everyone runs, but everyone is not willing to run for an hour every day.” ? A．It’s not easy for people to develop their health. B．You are sure to meet with some difficulty in your life. C．Keeping working harder is necessary when you go after success. D．Most people don’t want to spend too much time running. 3．What does the writer mostly want to tell us in the fourth paragraph? A．Failure is the mother of success. B．Many hands make light work. C．Every dog has its day. D．Actions speak louder than words. 4．Which of the following is TRUE about success according to the passage? A．If you want to succeed, you should have special talents. B．If you want to succeed, you’d better not show up. C．Success is about doing what the common person can’t do. D．Success means the enjoyment of your gain or loss on the journey. 5．The best title of the passage might be_______________. A．The Importance of Success B．The Meaning of Success C．Success or Failure D．The Five Main Steps to Success Passage2 （24-25八年级上·江苏南通·期中）Sometimes people come into your life and you know at once that they were sure to be there. They serve some sort of purpose, teach you a lesson or help find out who you are or who you want to become. You never know who these people may be: your classmate, neighbour, teacher, long-lost friend or even a real stranger. But you know that every moment they will affect your life in some serious way. Sometimes things happen to you. At the time they may seem terrible, painful (痛苦的) and unfair. But later you realize that without getting over those difficulties you would have never realized your further ability and strength. Everything happens for a reason and nothing happens by chance or with good or bad luck.     The people you meet affect your life, and the successes and failures you experience, create who you are. Even the bad experiences can be learnt from. In fact, they are probably the most poignant and important ones. Enjoy every day even every moment and take from it everything that you possibly can, for you may never be able to experience it again. Talk to people you have never talked to before, and really listen. You should set your sights high, hold your head up, tell yourself you are a great one and believe in yourself. You can make your life anything you wish. Create your own life and then go out and live it. 1．The people we meet _________. A．all know where to find us B．serve us on no purpose C．won’t become our neighbour D．will change us in some way 2．From the passage, we know that bad things can make us _________. A．terribly meet bad luck B．realize our further ability C．find no serious success D．possibly enjoy every moment 3．What’s the writer’s advice? A．We should never talk to strange people. B．We should learn as much as we can each day. C．We should get over difficulties painfully. D．We should not believe in ourselves but others. 4．Which can be inferred from the passage? A．We should be thankful to our failure. B．The success in your life creates who you are. C．All the people you meet will not affect your life. D．We can wait for others to create our own life. Passage3 （24-25八年级上·江苏南通·期中）Do you know AI-Button? Who made it? AI-Button is an online AI learning tool for middle school students. It can provide students with many useful materials and suggestions. Qiu Yumo made it. Qiu Yumo is only a 13-year-old middle school student. She started learning programming at the age of 6 and wrote a game at the age of 7, attracting many paid-users. At the end of 2022, she tried to use the generative big model for the first time and experienced the positive chances brought by the new generation of AI. In early 2023, she started to program with AI to make tools. “My classmates and I want to have a learning friend to help us remember the key information. When we don’t know anything, we can also ask for help at any time,” Qiu said about her idea. Students only need to put what they are studying into AI-Button. It will quickly find key points, ask questions, and answer students’ questions as well. “It is like a teacher and it meets each student’s needs,” Qiu said. Many students loved Qiu’s idea of AI-Button. They wanted to join her to make it better. “Now I have a small team of students from different schools. We are improving AI-Button and trying to let more people know it,” she said. Qiu is a kind girl. When she was 4 years old, the kindergarten organized a charity sale on International Children’s Day. As a child, she gave away her income to the orphanage. For the first time, she realized the true meaning of “No one can do everything, but everyone can do something”. On her 13th birthday, Qiu cut off her long hair that she had kept for 3 years and donated it to children with cancer. She never stopped taking part in various public welfare activities. 1．What can we guess about Qiu Yumo? A．She made AI-Button when she was 6. B．She improved AI-Button with others. C．She used AI-Button to study English well first. D．She wanted to sell AI-Button to more students. 2．How can AI-Button help middle school students? a. It helps them find learning tools online. b. It helps them learn by asking them questions. c. It can help them find learning friends online. d. It can find key points of what they are learning. e. It can answer their questions at any time. A．a b c B．b c d C．a d e D．b d e 3．What might the underlined word “improving” mean? A．Learning from. B．Making friends with. C．Making something better. D．Meeting the needs of. 4．What’s the best title for the passage? A．Using Al-Button to study B．The way of programming C．Going online to study D．Making our life better Passage4 （24-25八年级上·江苏扬州·期中） ①Memory is the ability (能力) to remember things. A good memory can help us do better in school, such as language-learning. A few people are born with amazing memories, but most people need to improve their memories by practising. Here are some secrets (秘密) about memories. ②We can still remember things happened in our childhood (童年) but not those last week. In fact, if the things have strong connections with our feelings in our mind, we can remember them longer. When things happen for the first time, children often have strong feelings. Also, parents tell us the interesting or funny stories from our childhood again and again. As a result, we remember them much better. ③It’s natural for common people to forget the new words which they learnt yesterday. Hermann Ebbinghaus wrote a book called Memory and showed a famous forgetting carve. According to him, the quickest loss (失去) of memory happens during the first two days after learning. That means going over what we’ve learned during this time can help us very well to remember the information. ④A 15-year-old sometimes forgets things, but that doesn’t mean his or her memory is getting worse. Our memory gets the top at the age of 25. At that point, we can remember over 12,000 pieces of information in a minute. But after this age, the brain (大脑) starts to get smaller. By middle age, our memory is much worse than when we were young. 1．Why is it easier to remember things in our childhood? a. Because they were special.    b. Because we got strong feelings from them. c. Because they were helpful.    d. Because we heard them many times. A．ad B．bd C．ac D．bc 2．Which is the right picture for Hermann Ebbinghaus’s forgetting curve? A． B． C． D． 3．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．A person has his or her best memory at the age of 25. B．A fifteen-year-old’s memory is worse than a middle-aged man’s. C．A person’s memory gets worse only because the brain gets smaller. D．A child usually remembers over 12,000 pieces of information in a minute. 4．How is the passage organized? A． B． C． D． Passage5 （24-25八年级上·江苏扬州·期中）How do you study every day? You may answer it in one second: have classes at school, take notes and do homework. Feeling a little bored? There are other ways that can make learning interesting and varied (多样化). It’s called digital learning. Digital learning is a way to help students learn by using the Internet. There are three main kinds of digital learning. Apps are software applications (应用). People can download them on their mobiles. The other two are social networking services, including Weibo and WeChat, and websites. Each one of them is like your teacher. They help you master what you learn at school. Compared with traditional learning ways, digital learning has its advantages. Digital learning is varied. It includes almost every school subject. More importantly, it always offers students the newest resources (资源) to learn from. Digital learning is also personalized. You can choose what you like to learn. If you don’t master what you have learned at school, you can learn again through digital ways. However, digital learning also has disadvantages. When you use digital ways to learn, you’ve got little chance of talking with teachers and classmates. As digital learning uses computers or smartphones, watching the screen too long may be bad for your eyes. It is better to take a rest every 20 minutes. 1．Three important kinds of digital learning are mentioned in the passage. They are ______. ①Apps    ②smartphones    ③computers    ④websites    ⑤mobiles    ⑥Weibo and WeChat A．①②⑥ B．①④⑥ C．②③⑤ D．③④⑤ 2．What does the word “master” mean in the passage? A．分析 B．归纳 C．复习 D．掌握 3．What is the problem of digital learning? A．You can’t talk with your classmates or teachers. B．You have to use both computers and smartphones. C．You can’t choose what you want to learn by yourself. D．It’s impossible to learn from the newest resources. 4．What’s the structure of this passage? A． B． C． D． Passage6 （24-25八年级上·江苏扬州·期中）Do you have true friends? Do you want to know better between you and your friends? There are three different kinds of friends: “pest friends”, “guest friends”, and “best friends”. The first kind of friend is simply acquaintances (熟人), and all you usually know about them is their names. You may meet this kind of friend at school, at work, or on the bus, but you don’t miss them when they’re not around. When this kind of friend does something bad, you don’t tell them. That is why they are called “pest friends”. The second kind of friend could also be called “guest friends”. They are closer than acquaintances, but not as close as true friends. You know their names, a little of what they like or dislike, and a little of their family histories; you usually have a few things in common, but you don’t talk about anything deep, such as your wishes or fears (害怕), and they don’t open up to you how they really feel. The last kind of friend, the “best friend”, is the one you know the deepest. You’re like family, and know everything about each other. You have no problem staying at each other’s houses, and you share your deepest feelings and thoughts. They will correct you when you’re wrong, and though they may not be perfect, they at least will always care about you, and hardly ever do anything bad to hurt you. We all have our pest, guest, and best friends. We should value all friendships and remember, all best friends start out as just acquaintances. 1．If you and David are neighbors and classmates, and do things together, but don’t share your feelings, you are “________”. A．pest friends B．guest friends C．best friends D．not friends 2．The fourth paragraph mainly tells us ________. A．how to make a best friend                               B．how to learn from your best friends C．what a “best friend” is D．what a best friend can do for you 3．From the passage, we can learn that ________. A．pest friends are important than guest friends B．we miss our pest friends when we’re not with them C．a best friend hardly ever does something bad to you D．a “pest friend” will never become your best friend 4．Which of the following shows the structure (结构) of the passage? A．B．C．D． 学科网（北京）股份有限公1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 阅读理解-说明文 说明文是以说明为主要表达方式用来说明事物，阐明事理的一种文体。它通过揭示概念来说明事物的特征、本质及其规律性，给人准确的科学知识或正确思想。一般可分为实体事物说明和抽象事物说明两大类，词典、教材、论文、实验报告、产品说明书、广告、解说词及科学小品等都属于说明文。阅读说明文体裁的文章时应首先抓住下面的重要信息： A.说明的对象 B.说明对象的特征 C.说明的方法（例证法；定义法；分类法；因果关系法；比较对照法；过程分析法） 说明文专业术语较多，抽象程度高，这使得解题难度较大。 常见的结构形式有总分式（总 — 分、分 — 总、总 — 分 — 总）、递进式（由浅入深、由表及里、由现象到本质）、并列式（各部分内容无主次轻重之分）和对照式（通过比较对照说明事物异同）。 主题01 人与社会——科学技术 Passage1 （24-25八年级上·江苏南京·期中）Nobody wants to buy an expensive telescope and then aimlessly scan the stars trying to find an object. Help is needed. Thankfully, there is an app for that. Celestron is a leader in the world of telescopes and its StarSense Explorer app and dock (底座) have been designed to run on the StarSense Explorer telescopes. The free StarSense Explorer app (compatible with iOS and Android) uses information based on your exact location and time to tell you which stars or planets can be seen in the night sky (cloud-dependent, of course). Mount the phone into the StarSense Explorer dock attached to the telescope and choose your observation target (目标). A bracket (支架) will hold the phone over a mirror on the dock so that star patterns can reflect off the mirror and into the phone’s camera. StarSense Explorer processes (处理) the information and your telescope will find your target. As well as locating your target StarSense Explorer holds detailed information about your chosen object. Listen to an audio presentation while you observe, or read the available data. The StarSense Explorer app will even give you observing tips on how to get the best view. StarSense Explorer is the only astronomy app to use plate solving technology to find its target and it claims a typical pointing accuracy (目标指示精度) of as little as 0.25°. Used by professional observatories, and even orbiting satellites, plate solving is the process of extracting (提取) star pattern data in images and matching the star pattern within the image to its inside database (数据库) to work out a telescope’s pointing position. StarSense Explorer uses the smartphone’s camera as its “eye” and the phone’s processing power as its “brain”. Plate solving would normally require specialised technology, such as sensitive imaging camera, lens and astronomical software, all at great cost. The StarSense Explorer app is free and compatible with StarSense Explorer telescopes, starting from £189.99. If you’re ready to take a deeper dive into astronomy, Celestron’s StarSense Explorer technology will make a fine companion. You can discover more about StarSense Explorer technology at www.celestron.com. Catch up with Celestron at the New Science Live show between 12-14 October to learn more about StarSense Explorer. You will find the research team at stand i34. 1．StarSense Explorer app do the following things for users except ________. A．offering observing tips B．presenting cloud conditions C．locating the user’s target D．providing information about the target 2．What’s StarSense Explorer app’s biggest advantage over other astronomy apps? A．It’s easy to operate. B．It’s free with Celestron. C．It uses plate solving technology. D．It can be used in both iOS and Android phones. 3．Which of the following statements is TRUE? A．The smartphone’s camera works as the brain of StarSense Explorer app. B．StarSense Explorer app can be used independent from Celestron. C．The cheapest Celestron sells at the price of £189.99. D．Celestron is the best telescope in the world. 4．Besides visiting the website, how can people get information about StarSense Explorer app? A．Call its 400 hotline. B．Visit its offline store. C．Ask a new scientist at the show. D．Go to stand i34 to talk with the research team. 5．What’s probably the author’s purpose of writing this passage? A．To inform the readers of some tips for observing stars. B．To tell about technological innovation in astronomy. C．To recommend an app used with the telescope. D．To introduce a famous telescope brand. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．D 5．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了StarSense Explorer应用程序如何帮助用户更轻松找到天体目标，并提供了相关技术细节和使用方法。 1．细节理解题。根据“StarSense Explorer processes (处理) the information and your telescope will find your target.”、“As well as locating your target StarSense Explorer holds detailed information about your chosen object.”以及“The StarSense Explorer app will even give you observing tips on how to get the best view.”可知，这个应用程序可以定位用户的目标、提供目标的详细信息以及提供观察技巧。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“StarSense Explorer is the only astronomy app to use plate solving technology to find its target and it claims a typical pointing accuracy (目标指示精度) of as little as 0.25°.”可知，这个应用程序最大的优势是使用了板块求解技术。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“StarSense Explorer uses the smartphone’s camera as its ‘eye’ and the phone’s processing power as its ‘brain’.”、“its StarSense Explorer app and dock (底座) have been designed to run on the StarSense Explorer telescopes.”以及“The StarSense Explorer app is free and compatible with StarSense Explorer telescopes, starting from £189.99.”可知，手机的摄像头作为眼睛，这个应用程序必须与Celestron望远镜配合使用，望远镜起售价为 £189.99，没有提到Celestron望远镜是世界上最好的。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据“Catch up with Celestron at the New Science Live show between 12-14 October to learn more about StarSense Explorer. You will find the research team at stand i34.”可知，可以在新科学直播展会上了解更多关于StarSense Explorer的信息，可以在i34展位找到研究团队。故选D。 5．推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了StarSense Explorer应用程序如何帮助用户更轻松找到天体目标，并提供了相关技术细节和使用方法。故选C。 Passage2 （24-25八年级上·江苏扬州·期中）Drones are a kind of machine that can fly. They’re becoming more and more popular and are widely used in many areas. People use a computer to control this flying machine. Drones can do many things for us, like carrying things, taking pictures, and following animals that are in danger. Some people say this special machine will change our life as much as the computer does. In Brazil, farmers use drones to watch their crops. Brazil has quite a few large farms. On these farms, people find it difficult to look after all the crops. Drones can help farmers to find out if the crops are ill. They also help farmers use fewer farm chemicals. This can help the environment and save much money. Drones can also help to find lost people. If people are lost, who are far from home, police can use drones to find them. A 92-year-old man in Virginia was lost and had to spend a night in the woods. Luckily, the drone found him in 20 minutes. He was finally saved by the police. Drones can even serve people coffee. US company IBM has made this kind of drone. It can carry coffee to those in need. The drone can know when to bring a cup of coffee by studying a person’s habits. Then, the drone will fly to the person. There is a special device (设备) under the drone. It helps the drone to give people the coffee. The drone can also predict when someone needs their next cup of coffee. 1．In Paragraph 1, the writer tells us the wide use of drones in the passage by A．giving examples B．listing numbers C．answering questions D．using famous sayings 2．Which of the following statements is TRUE? A．Drones are more useful than computers. B．Drones don’t need anyone to control them. C．Drones can look for things that are lost. D．Drones can help people look after the crops. 3．How many things drones can help us do are mentioned (提及) in the passage? A．Three B．Four C．Five D．Six 4．What is the right structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．D 4．D 【导语】本文主要向读者介绍无人机可以做的事情。 1．推理判断题。根据“Drones can do many things for us, like carrying things, taking pictures, and following animals that are in danger.”可知，作者在第一段通过举例告诉我们无人机的广泛使用。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“In Brazil, farmers use drones to watch their crops.”可知，无人机可以帮助人们照看庄稼。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据“Drones can do many things for us, like carrying things, taking pictures, and following animals that are in danger.”；“In Brazil, farmers use drones to watch their crops.”；“Drones can also help to find lost people.”；“Drones can even serve people coffee.”可知文章提到了六种，故选D。 4．篇章结构题。文章第一段引出无人机并举例说明无人驾驶飞机的广泛使用；二三四段分别介绍了无人机可以做的事情。故选D。 主题02 人与社会——事物介绍 Passage1 （24-25八年级上·江苏南京·期中） Have you ever seen a windsock blowing in the wind? Well, you can make one of your own! This is a fun game that you can do with things you may have at home. You just need to follow a few easy steps. You will need: one piece of colored paper five ribbons (丝带) strong tape a string a pencil What to do: Step 1: Draw pictures on the paper. You can write your name on it. Do anything that will make it special to you. Step 2: Make the paper into the shape of a tube (管子). Then stick the tube together at each end and in the middle with a strong tape. Step 3: Use a pencil to make a hole into both sides of the tube. The holes should be only on one end of the tube. Pull the string into both holes. Then tie (系) the ends of the string together. Step 4: Now make five holes around the top of the other end of the tube. Put a ribbon through each of the holes. Tie a knot (结) in the ends. Make sure the knots are bigger than the holes. Now your windsock is ready to use, but how does it work? The shape of the tube plays an important part. Wind blows inside the tube and makes it fly and dance around. Hold the windsock up in the air by its string and run around. It will fly behind you. Now you can enjoy watching it dance around on its own! 1．Which of these things do you need for Step 2? A．Tape. B．Pencil. C．Ribbons. D．A string. 2．What do you do after you put ribbons through the holes in the tube? A．Make holes in the tube. B．Tape the tube together. C．Tie knots in the ribbons. D．Put a string through the hole. 3．Which of the following is the correct order according to the passage? a. Make the paper into the shape of a tube. b. Draw pictures and write names on the paper. c. Use a pencil to make a hole into both sides of the tube.. d. Make five holes around the top of the other end of the tube. A．b-a-c-d B．b-a-d-c C．a-b-d-c D．a-d-b-c 4．What is the main purpose (目的) of this article? A．To teach an important lesson. B．To explain how to make a windsock. C．To show what a windsock is like. D．To encourage readers to enjoy DIY. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了如何自己做一个风向袋。 1．细节理解题。根据“Then stick the tube together at each end and in the middle with a strong tape.”可知，然后把管子的两端和中间粘起来，可知需要胶水类型的东西。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“Put a ribbon through each of the holes. Tie a knot (结) in the ends.”可知，每个孔穿一根丝带，在末端打个结。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“Step 1: Draw pictures on the paper…Step 2: Make the paper into the shape of a tube… Step 3: Use a pencil to make a hole into both sides of the tube…Step 4: Now make five holes”可知，正确的顺序是第一步在纸上画上图画，第二步把纸卷成管子的形状，第三步用铅笔在管子的两侧各钻一个洞，第四步现在在管子另一端的顶部周围打五个孔。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。根据“you can make one of your own!”可知，文章第一段作者提出你可以自己做一个方向袋，然后介绍了需要的工具以及步骤，故本文主要是为了介绍如何做一个风向袋。故选B。 Passage2 （24-25八年级上·江苏南京·期中） ①A tree has roots. People have roots too. If you get to the root of a problem. you will solve it. It’s the same thing with words. Dig deeply into a big, unfamiliar word and you will understand where it came from. ②As readers, especially those reading in a second language, we need to deal with the text as if we were detectives (侦探), the first thing to do when meeting a new and difficult word is to judge the situation, to look at everything that is known and see if it helps us to understand what it means. ③As you know, prefixes and suffixes, and you will have the word building power. But root words are the key. Take time to learn a few of these and then put them in your memory. ④Let’s look at one common root word used in English. “Alter” from the Latin word means “other”. When you meet this root word, you know that the bigger word has something to do with “other”. Examine the word “alternate”. Can you find the Latin root in it? • If you and your friend like to eat out, first you pay and the other pays the next time. You are alternating paying. • If you go to the movies on alternate Saturdays, you go on one Saturday, but not the other Saturday. • If you have no alternative, you have no other choice. ⑤Learn as many root words as you can in the language you are studying. Then use your “rooting for words” skills. Like any new skill, practice and hard work make a big difference. 1．What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．The situation. B．The crime scene. C．Everything that is known. D．A new and difficult word. 2．If Jim and Lily go to the movies, which one below is “alternating paying”? A．They each pay half. B．Jim pays every time. C．They take turns to pay. D．Their parents pay for them. 3．How does the author explain his ideas about root words? A．By telling an interesting story. B．By listing some numbers in details. C．By giving the readers an example. D．By asking and answering a question. 4．Which of the following shows the structure of the passage? (① = paragraph 1 ③ = paragraph 2,…) A．B． C． D． 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章说明了在语言学习中词根的重要性。 1．词句猜测题。根据“the first thing to do when meeting a new and difficult word is to judge the situation, to look at everything that is known and see if it helps us to understand what it means.”可知，遇到一个新的、困难的词汇时，首先要做的是评估情况，查看所有已知的信息，看看是否能帮助我们理解它的含义，可知此处的“它”指的是遇到的新单词。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“first you pay and the other pays the next time. You are alternating paying”可知，这次你付，下次他付，你们在轮流付账，可知轮流付账指的是你付一次我付一次。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“If you and your friend like to eat out…If you go to the movies…If you have no alternative”可知，作者通过举例子来说明词根的用法。故选C。 4．篇章结构题。文章第一段“It’s the same thing with words”讲述单词也有词根，第二段讲述了通过已知的东西帮助我们理解新难词，第三段讲述词根的关键，第四段具体说明，第五段“Learn as many root words as you can in the language you are studying.”总结通过学习词根获得新的技能。故选D。 Passage3 （24-25八年级上·江苏南京·期中）“Fast fashion” has been mentioned so often in the past two years. It means low-cost quickly-made clothing that copies the latest high-quality fashions. Unlike the traditional clothing industry where designers plan their new lines every season, fast fashions are made and sold whenever new fashions appear. They are put in shops and online quickly to create a high demand (需求). However, environmentalists are getting more worried about the influences of fast fashion on the environment. More than 100 billion items of such clothing are made every year. This expected to grow by 60 percent by 2030. The fast fashion business model is having adverse influence on the environment. Many of the clothes end up in landfills (垃圾填埋场) and are not recycled. The chemicals used to make the clothes are bad for the environment. These cause health problems for people working in clothes factories. It is reported that even children make many of these clothes. The way people are buying clothes is adding to the problem of clothing waste. Many years ago people went to stores and tried clothes on. People took more time and thought more carefully before they bought clothes. They also wore them for longer. Today, people order cheap clothes on the Internet so often and if they don’t like them, they send them back or throw them away. Some people say this is causing a throwaway society. Some people buy clothes and never even wear them. The German media company Deutche Welle wrote, “Every year in Europe, four million tons of clothing ends up in the dustbin. Less than one percent of this is recycled. “It seems that the fashion industry wasting much.” 1．Which of the following is a feature of fast fashions? A．They appear every season. B．They are easy to make. C．They are of high quality. D．They are sold only in online shops. 2．What does the underlined word “adverse” in Para. 2 mean? A．hopeful B．useful C．careless D．harmful 3．What can we learn from Para. 3? A．People once bought clothes without thinking twice. B．People often buy expensive clothes from the Internet. C．The way people buying clothes causes some clothing waste. D．Over forty thousand tons of clothing in Europe are recycled. 4．What was the writer’s feeling about the fast fashion? A．Amazed. B．Worried. C．Surprised. D．Uninterested. 5．What’s the best title for the text? A．The Meaning of Fast Fashion B．The Popularity of Fast Fashion C．Problems with Fast Fashion D．Health problems with Fast Fashion 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．B 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了快时尚的概念和其对环境的不良影响。 1．细节理解题。根据“Unlike the traditional clothing industry where designers plan their new lines every season, fast fashions are made and sold whenever new fashions appear. They are put in shops and online quickly to create a high demand (需求).”可知，与传统的服装行业不同，设计师每个季节都会计划他们的新产品线，只要有新的时尚出现，就会制造和销售快时尚。它们被迅速放入商店和网上，以创造高需求，因此快时尚很容易制作。故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据“The fast fashion business model is having adverse influence on the environment.”可知，快时尚的商业模式正在对环境产生不利影响，因此adverse的含义应是“不利的，有害的”，与harmful意思相近。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据“The way people are buying clothes is adding to the problem of clothing waste.”可知，人们购买衣服的方式加剧了衣服浪费的问题，因此我们可从第三段知道人们购买衣服的方式会造成一些衣物浪费。故选C。 4．推理判断题。本文介绍了快时尚引起的一些不良影响，因此可推知作为文章的作者，他应是感到很担忧。故选B。 5．最佳标题题。根据全文可知，文章主要介绍了快时尚的概念和其对环境的不良影响，因此选项C“快时尚的问题”可作为文章最佳标题。故选C。 Passage4 （23-24八年级上·江苏扬州·期中）Xiaoman or Grain Buds, the eighth solar term (节气), is a period full of hope, as the warm and soft wind of the spring and rich raindrops bring everything back to life. To show the healthy growth of this season, the Chinese Traditional Culture Museum held a fashion show performed by adult and child models on Sunday, the day that Xiaoman fell. Designed by Yang Jie, the clothes mixed the patterns, sewing features and dye (染色) skills of the Miao and Dong ethnic groups (少数民族) living in Guizhou province. Yang got the idea after a trip of the design team to the province in Southwest China. And the different colors show the changing of light and stand for different views of the several solar terms including Grain Buds from early summer to early autumn. Su Dan, deputy director of the Chinese Traditional Culture Museum, said before the show that these clothes become an important part of the cultural heritage, and what people used to wear and what they wear now carry rich information about the relations between people and nature, and what people think of their social roles (角色). So the show was a celebration of history and culture and the creative spirit and wisdom because of people’s long-term connection with the world. 1．Why was the fashion show held on the day that Xiaoman fell? A．To make people travel to the province in Southwest China. B．To show the healthy growth of this season. C．To talk about the culture of Xiaoman. D．To bring everything back to life. 2．Which of the following is TRUE? A．The clothes for the show mixed different skills and cultures together. B．Yang Jie, the designer, comes from the Miao and Dong ethnic groups. C．There are rich pictures about Xiaoman on the clothes for the show. D．The clothes for the show were designed in Guizhou province. 3．Which of the following best shows Su Dan’s opinion? A．People all over the world should work together. B．We should know humans and nature are both important. C．The show helps tell foreigners about Chinese culture. D．What people wear can show what they think of their social roles. 4．What’s the structure (结构) of the article? A． B． C． D． 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中国传统节气小满（Xiaoman或Grain Buds）这一充满希望的时期，以及为了展示这个季节的生机与活力，中国传统文化博物馆在周日小满当天举办了一场由成人和儿童模特表演的时装秀。文章详细描述了时装秀的设计灵感、文化内涵以及其对历史、文化和人类创造力的庆祝。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“To show the healthy growth of this season, the Chinese Traditional Culture Museum held a fashion show performed by adult and child models on Sunday, the day that Xiaoman fell.”可知，为了展示这个季节的健康成长，中国传统文化博物馆在周日，即小满节气当天，举办了一场由成人和儿童模特表演的时装秀。因此，时装秀在小满节气当天举行是为了展示这个季节的健康成长，故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Designed by Yang Jie, the clothes mixed the patterns, sewing features and dye (染色) skills of the Miao and Dong ethnic groups (少数民族) living in Guizhou province.”可知，这些衣服融合了生活在贵州省的苗族和侗族的图案、缝纫特点和染色技巧，即将不同的技能和文化融合在一起。因此，A选项“时装秀的衣服融合了不同的技能和文化”是正确的。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Su Dan, deputy director of the Chinese Traditional Culture Museum, said before the show that these clothes become an important part of the cultural heritage, and what people used to wear and what they wear now carry rich information about the relations between people and nature, and what people think of their social roles (角色).”可知，苏丹表示，这些衣服成为文化遗产的重要组成部分，人们过去穿的和现在穿的都承载着关于人与自然关系以及人们对社会角色的看法的丰富信息。因此，D选项“人们穿的衣服可以展示他们对社会角色的看法”最能体现苏丹的观点。故选D。 4．篇章结构题。文章首先介绍了小满节气和时装秀的背景（第一段和第二段），然后详细描述了时装秀的设计和文化内涵（第三段），最后引用了苏丹的观点来总结时装秀的意义（第四段）。因此，文章的结构是“总-分-总”，即先总体介绍，再详细阐述，最后总结归纳。选项A符合这种结构，故选A。 Passage5 （24-25八年级上·江苏扬州·期中）All around the world, buildings are going green! People are making green buildings. What does it mean to go green or to make a green building? A green building is designed in a way that is not harmful to the environment (环境). When planning green buildings, architects (建筑师) must think about how to use energy, water and materials in an environment-friendly way. There are many ways to save energy. Architects can design buildings to use natural light. Buildings can also be made with solar or wind power to get energy from the sun or the wind. To save water, green buildings can have areas on the roofs to collect rainwater. Kitchens and bathrooms can have sinks (水池) and toilets that conserve water. As for the materials used to build the building, it is important to use materials that do not have chemicals that are harmful to the air or water. Recycled materials can also be used for buildings. Buildings around the world use all three of these ways to go green. An office building called CH2 in Melbourne, Australia, uses wind and solar power. A cultural center in London, England, is made from recycled train cars and is powered by solar and wind power. The Academy of Sciences building in California in the US has recycled materials, solar energy and a huge “living roof” of plants. A temple in Thailand is made out of one million recycled glass bottles! This is a good use of recycled material, and it also lets natural light into the temple. More and more green buildings are being built and they are making the world a better place! 1．What do we know about a green building? A．It is usually painted green outside. B．It uses more materials than other buildings. C．It is designed by famous architects. D．It is built in an environment-friendly way. 2．Why do architects use natural light to design buildings? A．To save energy. B．To save materials. C．To protect plants. D．To protect buildings. 3．How does the writer support the main idea of Paragraph 3? A．By asking questions. B．By giving examples. C．By listing numbers. D．By explaining reasons. 4．What can be the best title for the text? A．Designing Buildings B．Going Green C．Recycling Materials D．Using Energy 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．B 【导语】本文主要介绍绿色建筑的相关内容。 1．细节理解题。根据“A green building is designed in a way that is not harmful to the environment (环境).”可知，绿色建筑是以对环境无害的方式设计的。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“There are many ways to save energy. Architects can design buildings to use natural light.”可知，建筑师利用自然光来设计建筑物是为了节约能源，故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段内容“An office building called CH2 in Melbourne, Australia, uses wind and solar power...recycled glass bottles! ”可知，作者通过举例支持第三段的主旨，故选B。 4．最佳标题题。本文主要介绍绿色建筑的相关内容，强调环保，所以B项最适合做标题。故选B。 主题03 人与社会——社会生活 Passage1 （24-25八年级上·江苏南通·期中）The weather is getting hotter. You are thirsty playing basketball or riding home from school. A cold drink may be just the thing. But be careful what you are drinking. Something that looks cool may not be good for your health. There are plenty of “energy drinks” on the market. Most of them have beautiful colors, cool names and attractive advertisements. The lists on them tell you they are helpful to your health. Sounds great! But after a careful check you may find that most energy drinks have lots of caffeine (咖啡因) in them. These drinks are especially aimed (目标) at young people, students, busy people and sports players. Makers sometimes say their drinks make you better at sports and can keep you awake. But be careful not to drink too much. Caffeine makes your heart beat fast. Because of this, the International Olympic Committee has limited (限制) its use. Caffeine in most energy drinks is at least as strong as that in a cup of coffee or tea. Possible health dangers have something to do with (和……有关) energy drinks. Just one box of energy drink can make you nervous (紧张的), have difficulty sleeping and can even cause heart problems. Scientists say that teenagers should be discouraged from taking drinks with a lot of caffeine in them. 1．The main reason for people not to drink too many energy drinks is that they many cause ________. A．heart problems B．nervousness C．sleeping difficulty D．possible health dangers 2．The underlined word “discouraged” in the last paragraph can be replaced (替换) with “________”. A．Encouraged B．stopped C．helped D．disliked 3．From the passage we can know that ________. A．advertisements are important in getting people to buy energy drinks B．energy drinks are helpful to teenagers’ study C．sports players need to drink a lot of energy drinks D．energy drinks are especially aimed at teenagers 4．Which of the following can be the best title of the passage? A．What’s the Use of Energy Drinks B．Who Can Drink Energy Drinks C．What’s that in Energy Drinks D．Why Can’t We Buy Energy Drinks 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了市场上流行的功能饮料存在的问题。 1．细节理解题。 根据短文最后一段“Possible health dangers have something to do with energy drinks.”可知，功能饮料可能会引起健康问题。故选D。 2．词义猜测题。根据上文对咖啡因的描述及下文“...from taking drinks with a lot of caffeine in them.”可知，此处指的是应该劝阻青少年们不喝含有大量咖啡因的饮料。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据短文第二段描述可知，广告在人们购买功能饮料的问题上有着重要的作用。故选A。 4．最佳标题题。文章主要讲述了功能饮料的成分以及人们为什么喜欢喝功能饮料，而这些对人们健康有害，故选C。 Passage2 （24-25八年级上·江苏扬州·期中）Part of growing up is learning how to work things out for yourself. However, when you’re feeling lost you don’t have to be alone.                                    There are lots of reasons why you could need help, for example, with schoolwork; learning a new skill; or when you feel sad or angry. Feeling down because you’re finding something difficult, or it’s taking a long time to make progress, can also make you feel like you can’t do it. These are all signs that you need help. When you’re struggling with something but you tell yourself you should be able to do it on your own, asking for help will move you forward more quickly. Asking for help isn’t always easy. It can be tricky if you’re not sure who to ask. You might feel worried that they won’t want to help or they haven’t got the time. If you’re ashamed that you need help, or if you think asking for a helping hand is a sign of weakness, it makes it harder to turn to another person. Angela McMillan, a counsellor who advises young people, says “We may feel scared that it won’t be taken seriously or that it isn’t a big deal to the other person.” Everyone finds things difficult sometimes. McMillan believes asking for help is brave. “Letting someone in, trusting them with your story and asking them to listen to you and help you takes great courage. ” By asking for help, you can also practise speaking up for yourself and saying what you need. It also shows you how someone else might feel when they’re struggling, which means you could be more able to offer a helping hand when someone needs it. 1．Who is the passage written for? A．Parents. B．Students. C．Doctors. D．Teachers. 2．What does the “ tricky” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Exciting. B．Funny. C．Boring. D．Difficult. 3．Which is the reason that we fail to ask for help? A．We are not brave enough. B．Others don’t have free time. C．The problem isn’t taken seriously. D．We can deal with everything alone. 4．What lesson does this passage teach us? A．Actions speak louder than words. B．God helps those who help themselves. C．A problem shared is a problem halved. D．A man become learned by asking questions. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文介绍寻求帮助的重要性。 1．推理判断题。根据“Part of growing up is learning how to work things out for yourself. However, when you’re feeling lost you don’t have to be alone.”可知文章提到长大的一部分，故是给学生写的，故选B。 2．词义猜测题。根据“It can be tricky if you’re not sure who to ask. You might feel worried that they won’t want to help or they haven’t got the time.”可知此处讲到寻求帮助遇到的困难，如他们不帮忙或没有时间，故填“tricky”表示“困难的”，故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据“Everyone finds things difficult sometimes. McMillan believes asking for help is brave...Letting someone in, trusting them with your story and asking them to listen to you and help you takes great courage.”可知我们没能寻求到帮助是因为不够勇敢，故选A。 4．细节理解题。本文主要介绍寻求帮助的重要性，这能帮助你更快地向前走。选项C“一个问题分享过后就减少了一半”符合。故选C。 主题04 其他 Passage1 （24-25八年级上·江苏南通·期中）Success does not belong to a select group of individuals(个人). Success belongs to those who are willing to go after it and try their best to do what they have to do. Here are some useful practical ways for you if you want to be a success. Desire. Desire is the strong wish to achieve a goal. Without desire you have nothing. Before you can run with desire, your goal must be plain, clear, and it must also be exciting. Show up. Seventy percent of success in life is showing up. You can’t have a best seller, if you have never written a book. You can’t get your dream job, if you’re afraid to turn in an application. Showing up doesn’t guarantee(保证) success, but if you don’t show up, you won’t succeed. Fail. Unless you’re willing to have a try, fail unhappily, and have another try, success won’t happen. To have success you have to do things the right way, but often the only way to do something right is to first fail at it. As Thomas J. Watson said, a simple formula（公式）for success is to double your rate of failure (失败). So welcome failure, become a student of failure, learn from failure, and soon you will succeed. Work Harder. Everyone runs, but everyone is not willing to run for an hour every day. Success is not about doing what the common person can’t do. It’s about doing what the common person is unwilling to do. And on a deeper level, it’s about creating habits that the common person is unwilling to create. It’s the habit of doing things with excellence that causes success. Enjoy the Journey. Success is a journey, not a destination(终点). Success is not a certain car or a certain house or a certain happy marriage. Success is the enjoyment of the journey. You have to enjoy the journey. Someone once said, “Unless you change how you are, you will always have what you’ve got.” You have to change…you will change, you will succeed. 1．Which of the following is NOT mentioned in achieving success? A．Working hard. B．Good education. C．Strong desire. D．Enjoying failure. 2．What does the writer really mean by saying “Everyone runs, but everyone is not willing to run for an hour every day.” ? A．It’s not easy for people to develop their health. B．You are sure to meet with some difficulty in your life. C．Keeping working harder is necessary when you go after success. D．Most people don’t want to spend too much time running. 3．What does the writer mostly want to tell us in the fourth paragraph? A．Failure is the mother of success. B．Many hands make light work. C．Every dog has its day. D．Actions speak louder than words. 4．Which of the following is TRUE about success according to the passage? A．If you want to succeed, you should have special talents. B．If you want to succeed, you’d better not show up. C．Success is about doing what the common person can’t do. D．Success means the enjoyment of your gain or loss on the journey. 5．The best title of the passage might be_______________. A．The Importance of Success B．The Meaning of Success C．Success or Failure D．The Five Main Steps to Success 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．D 5．D 【分析】试题分析：这篇短文介绍的是成功并不属于一组选定的人。成功属于那些愿意去追求，尽力去做他们想做的事情的人。如果你想成为一个成功的人，这里有一些有用的实用的方法。（1）欲望；（2）显示；（3）失败；(4)努力工作；（5）享受旅程。 1．B综合理解题。这篇短文介绍的是成功并不属于一组选定的人。成功属于那些愿意去追求，尽力去做他们想做的事情的人。如果你想成为一个成功的人，这里有一些有用的实用的方法。（1）欲望；（2）显示；（3）失败；(4)努力工作；（5）享受旅程。故选B。 2．C综合理解题。句意：大家都跑，但并不是每个人都愿意每天跑步一小时。为了告诉大家：当你成功之后，继续努力学习也是非常必要的。故应该选C。 3．A综合理解题。第四自然段主要告诉我们：失败乃成功之母。故选A。 4．D细节理解题。根据Success is the enjoyment of the journey. You have to enjoy the journey.可知成功是旅程的乐趣。你必须享受旅程。故选D。 5．D综合理解题。本篇文章介绍的是五步成功法。（1）欲望；（2）显示；（3）失败；(4)努力工作；（5）享受旅程。故选D。 Passage2 （24-25八年级上·江苏南通·期中）Sometimes people come into your life and you know at once that they were sure to be there. They serve some sort of purpose, teach you a lesson or help find out who you are or who you want to become. You never know who these people may be: your classmate, neighbour, teacher, long-lost friend or even a real stranger. But you know that every moment they will affect your life in some serious way. Sometimes things happen to you. At the time they may seem terrible, painful (痛苦的) and unfair. But later you realize that without getting over those difficulties you would have never realized your further ability and strength. Everything happens for a reason and nothing happens by chance or with good or bad luck.     The people you meet affect your life, and the successes and failures you experience, create who you are. Even the bad experiences can be learnt from. In fact, they are probably the most poignant and important ones. Enjoy every day even every moment and take from it everything that you possibly can, for you may never be able to experience it again. Talk to people you have never talked to before, and really listen. You should set your sights high, hold your head up, tell yourself you are a great one and believe in yourself. You can make your life anything you wish. Create your own life and then go out and live it. 1．The people we meet _________. A．all know where to find us B．serve us on no purpose C．won’t become our neighbour D．will change us in some way 2．From the passage, we know that bad things can make us _________. A．terribly meet bad luck B．realize our further ability C．find no serious success D．possibly enjoy every moment 3．What’s the writer’s advice? A．We should never talk to strange people. B．We should learn as much as we can each day. C．We should get over difficulties painfully. D．We should not believe in ourselves but others. 4．Which can be inferred from the passage? A．We should be thankful to our failure. B．The success in your life creates who you are. C．All the people you meet will not affect your life. D．We can wait for others to create our own life. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文主要告诉我们在生活中我们遇到的人，遇到的事都是有原因的，享受每一天，甚至每一时刻，并从中学习东西，创造自己的生活。 1．细节理解题。根据“But you know that every moment they will affect your life in some serious way.”可知我们每一时刻遇到的人都将会在某些方面影响我们。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“But later you realize that without getting over those difficulties you would have never realized your further ability and strength.”可知战胜坏的事情会使我们认识到我们更深层次的能力。故选B。 3． 推理判断题。根据“Enjoy every day even every moment and take from it everything that you possibly can, for you may never be able to experience it again.”可知作者建议我们享受每一天甚至每一个时刻并从中提取你可能提取的一切，由此可推知作者建议我们每天尽可能多地学习。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据“The people you meet affect your life, and the successes and failures you experience, create who you are. Even the bad experiences can be learnt from. In fact, they are probably the most poignant and important ones.”可知甚至失败的事情也能让我们有所收获。实际上，它们可能是最深刻和重要的事，由此可推知我们应该感谢失败。故选A。 Passage3 （24-25八年级上·江苏南通·期中）Do you know AI-Button? Who made it? AI-Button is an online AI learning tool for middle school students. It can provide students with many useful materials and suggestions. Qiu Yumo made it. Qiu Yumo is only a 13-year-old middle school student. She started learning programming at the age of 6 and wrote a game at the age of 7, attracting many paid-users. At the end of 2022, she tried to use the generative big model for the first time and experienced the positive chances brought by the new generation of AI. In early 2023, she started to program with AI to make tools. “My classmates and I want to have a learning friend to help us remember the key information. When we don’t know anything, we can also ask for help at any time,” Qiu said about her idea. Students only need to put what they are studying into AI-Button. It will quickly find key points, ask questions, and answer students’ questions as well. “It is like a teacher and it meets each student’s needs,” Qiu said. Many students loved Qiu’s idea of AI-Button. They wanted to join her to make it better. “Now I have a small team of students from different schools. We are improving AI-Button and trying to let more people know it,” she said. Qiu is a kind girl. When she was 4 years old, the kindergarten organized a charity sale on International Children’s Day. As a child, she gave away her income to the orphanage. For the first time, she realized the true meaning of “No one can do everything, but everyone can do something”. On her 13th birthday, Qiu cut off her long hair that she had kept for 3 years and donated it to children with cancer. She never stopped taking part in various public welfare activities. 1．What can we guess about Qiu Yumo? A．She made AI-Button when she was 6. B．She improved AI-Button with others. C．She used AI-Button to study English well first. D．She wanted to sell AI-Button to more students. 2．How can AI-Button help middle school students? a. It helps them find learning tools online. b. It helps them learn by asking them questions. c. It can help them find learning friends online. d. It can find key points of what they are learning. e. It can answer their questions at any time. A．a b c B．b c d C．a d e D．b d e 3．What might the underlined word “improving” mean? A．Learning from. B．Making friends with. C．Making something better. D．Meeting the needs of. 4．What’s the best title for the passage? A．Using Al-Button to study B．The way of programming C．Going online to study D．Making our life better 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了一名13岁女生邱羽墨开发了一款名为AI-Button的在线AI学习工具的故事。 1．推理判断题。根据邱羽墨的描述“Now I have a small team of students from different schools. We are improving AI-Button and trying to let more people know it”可知，现邱羽墨有一个由来自不同学校的学生组成的小团队，她们正在改进AI-Button，并试图让更多的人知道它。选项B“她和其他人一起改进了AI-Button”表述正确。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段第二句“It will quickly find key points, ask questions, and answer students’ questions as well它可以快速找到关键点，提出问题，并回答学生的问题”可知，bde三项表述正确。故选D。 3．词句猜测题。根据第五段第二句“They wanted to join her to make it better”可知，她们想让AI-button“变得更好”，划线部分“improveing”意思与选项C“变得更好”相近。故选C。 4．最佳标题类。通读全文，本文主要介绍了一名13岁的学生发明了人工智能按钮用于学习的故事。选项A“使用Al-Button学习”符合题意。故选A。 Passage4 （24-25八年级上·江苏扬州·期中） ①Memory is the ability (能力) to remember things. A good memory can help us do better in school, such as language-learning. A few people are born with amazing memories, but most people need to improve their memories by practising. Here are some secrets (秘密) about memories. ②We can still remember things happened in our childhood (童年) but not those last week. In fact, if the things have strong connections with our feelings in our mind, we can remember them longer. When things happen for the first time, children often have strong feelings. Also, parents tell us the interesting or funny stories from our childhood again and again. As a result, we remember them much better. ③It’s natural for common people to forget the new words which they learnt yesterday. Hermann Ebbinghaus wrote a book called Memory and showed a famous forgetting carve. According to him, the quickest loss (失去) of memory happens during the first two days after learning. That means going over what we’ve learned during this time can help us very well to remember the information. ④A 15-year-old sometimes forgets things, but that doesn’t mean his or her memory is getting worse. Our memory gets the top at the age of 25. At that point, we can remember over 12,000 pieces of information in a minute. But after this age, the brain (大脑) starts to get smaller. By middle age, our memory is much worse than when we were young. 1．Why is it easier to remember things in our childhood? a. Because they were special.    b. Because we got strong feelings from them. c. Because they were helpful.    d. Because we heard them many times. A．ad B．bd C．ac D．bc 2．Which is the right picture for Hermann Ebbinghaus’s forgetting curve? A． B． C． D． 3．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．A person has his or her best memory at the age of 25. B．A fifteen-year-old’s memory is worse than a middle-aged man’s. C．A person’s memory gets worse only because the brain gets smaller. D．A child usually remembers over 12,000 pieces of information in a minute. 4．How is the passage organized? A． B． C． D． 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文主要介绍记忆专家回答了一些关于记忆力的问题。 1．细节理解题。根据“When things happen for the first time, children often have strong feelings. Also, parents tell us the interesting or funny stories from our childhood again and again. As a result, we remember them much better.”可知，当事情第一次发生时，孩子们通常会有强烈的感觉。此外，父母告诉我们有趣的或有趣的故事从我们的童年一次又一次。因此，我们能更好地记住它们。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据“According to him, the quickest loss (失去) of memory happens during the first two days after learning.”可知，据他说，学习后的头两天是记忆丧失最快的时候。结合图片可知，选项C符合赫尔曼·艾宾浩斯的遗忘曲线。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“Our memory gets the top at the age of 25.”可知，我们的记忆力在25岁时达到顶峰。故选A。 4．篇章结构题。分析文章内容可知，第一段引出记忆力这一主题，第二段介绍为什么还记得童年的事情，第三段介绍赫尔曼·艾宾浩斯的遗忘曲线，第四段介绍不同年龄的记忆力区别。第一段总领全文，第二、三、四段并列。故选D。 Passage5 （24-25八年级上·江苏扬州·期中）How do you study every day? You may answer it in one second: have classes at school, take notes and do homework. Feeling a little bored? There are other ways that can make learning interesting and varied (多样化). It’s called digital learning. Digital learning is a way to help students learn by using the Internet. There are three main kinds of digital learning. Apps are software applications (应用). People can download them on their mobiles. The other two are social networking services, including Weibo and WeChat, and websites. Each one of them is like your teacher. They help you master what you learn at school. Compared with traditional learning ways, digital learning has its advantages. Digital learning is varied. It includes almost every school subject. More importantly, it always offers students the newest resources (资源) to learn from. Digital learning is also personalized. You can choose what you like to learn. If you don’t master what you have learned at school, you can learn again through digital ways. However, digital learning also has disadvantages. When you use digital ways to learn, you’ve got little chance of talking with teachers and classmates. As digital learning uses computers or smartphones, watching the screen too long may be bad for your eyes. It is better to take a rest every 20 minutes. 1．Three important kinds of digital learning are mentioned in the passage. They are ______. ①Apps    ②smartphones    ③computers    ④websites    ⑤mobiles    ⑥Weibo and WeChat A．①②⑥ B．①④⑥ C．②③⑤ D．③④⑤ 2．What does the word “master” mean in the passage? A．分析 B．归纳 C．复习 D．掌握 3．What is the problem of digital learning? A．You can’t talk with your classmates or teachers. B．You have to use both computers and smartphones. C．You can’t choose what you want to learn by yourself. D．It’s impossible to learn from the newest resources. 4．What’s the structure of this passage? A． B． C． D． 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文介绍了数字化学习的方式，优点与弊端。 1．细节理解题。根据“There are three main kinds of digital learning. Apps are software applications (应用). People can download them on their mobiles. The other two are social networking services, including Weibo and WeChat, and websites.”可知，数字化学习主要有三种：应用程序，微博和微信，以及网站。故选B。 2．词义猜测题。根据“Each one of them is like your teacher. They help you master what you learn at school.”可知，此处说的是每个人都像你的老师，帮助你掌握你在学校学到的东西。因此划线单词的意思是“掌握”。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据“When you use digital ways to learn, you’ve got little chance of talking with teachers and classmates.”可知，数字化学习的问题就是你不能和你的同学和老师交谈，故选A。 4．篇章结构题。根据“There are other ways that can make learning interesting and varied (多样化). It’s called digital learning.”可知，第一段引出数字化学习；根据“Digital learning is a way to help students learn by using the Internet. There are three main kinds of digital learning.”可知，第二段介绍数字化学习的三种主要方式；根据“Compared with traditional learning ways, digital learning has its advantages.”和“Digital learning is also personalized.”可知，第三段和第四段介绍数字化学习的优点；根据“However, digital learning also has disadvantages.”可知，第五段介绍数字化学习的弊端，因此C项符合文章的结构，故选C。 Passage6 （24-25八年级上·江苏扬州·期中）Do you have true friends? Do you want to know better between you and your friends? There are three different kinds of friends: “pest friends”, “guest friends”, and “best friends”. The first kind of friend is simply acquaintances (熟人), and all you usually know about them is their names. You may meet this kind of friend at school, at work, or on the bus, but you don’t miss them when they’re not around. When this kind of friend does something bad, you don’t tell them. That is why they are called “pest friends”. The second kind of friend could also be called “guest friends”. They are closer than acquaintances, but not as close as true friends. You know their names, a little of what they like or dislike, and a little of their family histories; you usually have a few things in common, but you don’t talk about anything deep, such as your wishes or fears (害怕), and they don’t open up to you how they really feel. The last kind of friend, the “best friend”, is the one you know the deepest. You’re like family, and know everything about each other. You have no problem staying at each other’s houses, and you share your deepest feelings and thoughts. They will correct you when you’re wrong, and though they may not be perfect, they at least will always care about you, and hardly ever do anything bad to hurt you. We all have our pest, guest, and best friends. We should value all friendships and remember, all best friends start out as just acquaintances. 1．If you and David are neighbors and classmates, and do things together, but don’t share your feelings, you are “________”. A．pest friends B．guest friends C．best friends D．not friends 2．The fourth paragraph mainly tells us ________. A．how to make a best friend                               B．how to learn from your best friends C．what a “best friend” is D．what a best friend can do for you 3．From the passage, we can learn that ________. A．pest friends are important than guest friends B．we miss our pest friends when we’re not with them C．a best friend hardly ever does something bad to you D．a “pest friend” will never become your best friend 4．Which of the following shows the structure (结构) of the passage? A．B．C．D． 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了三种不同的朋友的特点。 1．细节理解题。根据“but you don’t talk about anything deep, such as your wishes or fears (害怕), and they don’t open up to you how they really feel.”可知，对于guest friends我们不会分享我们内心的感受。故选B。 2．段落大意题。根据“The last kind of friend, the “best friend”, is the one you know the deepest.”可知，本段主要介绍了什么是最好的朋友。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“they at least will always care about you, and hardly ever do anything bad to hurt you.”可知，最好的朋友几乎不会对你做一些不好的事情。故选C。 4．文章结构题。根据“There are three different kinds of friends: “pest friends”, “guest friends”, and “best friends”.”首先引出主题：不同的三种朋友；第二、三和四段分别对三种朋友的特点进行了论述，最后一段进行总结，可知本文属于总分总结构。故选B。 学科网（北京）股份有限公1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $