专题03 阅读理解（说明文）（期中真题汇编，陕晋青宁专用） 高一英语上学期

专题02 阅读理解 说明文 主题01 人与社会—— 文化与生活 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一上·山西省太原市·期中） Whether your garden is below a city window or in a big backyard, getting kids involved in, tending plants can be a powerful teaching tool for subjects like science, math, and reading. But the art of growing things can also develop important life skills in children. Being patient is something many children struggle with, but also helps a kid stay calm in stressful situations. Life is a mixture of immediate and delayed satisfaction, so children benefit from learning both. Good things come at the end of a growing season — like yummy fruit or pretty flowers — but kids have to wait for them. For longer-growth plants, kids can create a garden journal to document the progress of their young plants with words, drawings, or photos. Additionally, working in a garden helps children experience various sounds, smells, and sights. The various sense experiences — the feel and smell of dirt, the sound and sight of water — help them focus on the moment and bring calm to them. At that moment, “they realize they have the power to control their big feelings and thoughts,” says child therapist Jennifer Couture. More importantly, parents should encourage kids to zone out while they’re doing a task again and again such as watering or digging. This can allow their minds to go freely, helping them find a moment of peace. When kids realize that a garden is full of living things that need their help to survive, they can develop a sense of caring and thoughtfulness. Sometimes, a garden can also grow kindness, responsibility, and other values in kids. 1．How can kids learn to be patient from gardening? A．By reading a garden journal. B．By appreciating pretty things. C．By struggling with difficulties. D．By waiting for good things for long. 2．What can calm kids while they are gardening? A．Good self-control ability. B．Friendly family members. C．Various sense experiences. D．Beautiful natural environment. 3．What does the phrase “zone out” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Relax. B．Persist. C．Participate. D．Focus. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．The Process of Kids’ Gardening B．Ways to Grow Kids’ Learning Skills C．Kids’ Awareness of Protecting the Nature D．Gardening for Kids: More Than What You Know 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了让孩子参与园艺活动不仅可以作为学习科学、数学和阅读等科目的有力教学工具，还能培养孩子的重要生活技能。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Good things come at the end of a growing season - like yummy fruit or pretty flowers - but kids have to wait for them(美好的事物往往在一个生长季节结束时才会到来——比如美味的果实或漂亮的花朵——但孩子们必须耐心等待)”可知，好东西（如美味的水果或漂亮的花朵）是在生长季节结束时得到的，但孩子们必须等待它们。这说明孩子们通过园艺学会耐心的方式是等待好东西的到来。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Additionally, working in a garden helps children experience various sounds, smells, and sights. The various sense experiences — the feel and smell of dirt, the sound and sight of water — help them focus on the moment and bring calm to them(此外，在花园里劳动能让孩子们体验到各种声音、气味和景象。各种感官体验——泥土的触感和气味，水的声音和景象——帮助他们专注于当下，使他们平静下来)”可知，在花园里工作能让孩子们体验各种声音、气味和景象，这些各种感官体验有助于他们专注于当下，并给他们带来平静。故选C。 3．词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“More importantly, parents should encourage kids to zone out while they’re doing a task again and again such as watering or digging. This can allow their minds to go freely, helping them find a moment of peace(更重要的是，父母应该鼓励孩子们在反复做同一项任务（比如浇水或挖土）时zone out。这能让他们的思维自由驰骋，从而找到内心的宁静时刻)”可知，父母应该鼓励孩子们在反复做浇水或挖土等任务时放松自己，这可以让他们的思想自由放松，帮助他们找到片刻的宁静。由此可推测，“zone out”的意思应是“放松”故选A。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Whether your garden is below a city window or in a big backyard, getting kids involved in, tending plants can be a powerful teaching tool for subjects like science, math, and reading. But the art of growing things can also develop important life skills in children(无论你的花园是在城市窗户下还是在大后院里，让孩子们参与照料植物都可以成为教授科学、数学和阅读等学科的有力工具。但种植作物的艺术也能培养孩子们重要的生活技能)”、第三段中的“Additionally, working in a garden helps children experience various sounds, smells, and sights. The various sense experiences— the feel and smell of dirt, the sound and sight of water —help them focus on the moment and bring calm to them(此外，在花园里劳动能让孩子们体验到各种声音、气味和景象。各种感官体验——泥土的触感和气味，水的声音和景象——帮助他们专注于当下，使他们平静下来)”以及最后一段“When kids realize that a garden is full of living things that need their help to survive, they can develop a sense of caring and thoughtfulness. Sometimes, a garden can also grow kindness, responsibility, and other values in kids(当孩子们意识到花园里充满了需要他们帮助才能生存的生物时，他们就能培养出关爱和体贴的品质。有时候，一个花园还能在孩子们心中种下善良、责任感以及其他价值观的种子)”可知，本文主要讲述了园艺活动对儿童的多方面益处，包括学习科目、培养生活技能等。因此D项“园艺对于儿童：比你所知道的更多”可以作为本文最佳标题。故选D。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高一上·陕西省渭南市·期中） A bicycle may be seen by most people as just another vehicle (交通工具), but for many Londoners, cycling is a way of life. According to a UK government survey in 2017, about 570,000 bike journeys were made every day in London. In fact, almost half of the vehicles that pass over London Bridge each day are bikes. London introduced a public bike-sharing system. “There can be no doubt (怀疑，疑惑) that our trusty bicycles have changed the way people get around our great city,” Johnson told The Guardian. In London, bikes are used for more than just taking short trips to and from the subway (地铁站). No matter where you want to go in the city, riding a bike is usually the quickest and easiest choice. And it’s not just shared bikes that the government is encouraging people to ride. In many companies across the UK, the UK government’s Cycle to Work program allows workers to buy a brand new bike without having to pay any tax (税). This means that it’s common to see many people cycling to and from work, and some companies even provide showers and lockers in the workplaces for their workers. More importantly, a cycle-friendly boss may let you off for being late if you ride a bike to work. Not only is it great for the environment and our body, but cycling is also good for the mind. According to National Geographic Magazine, “Bike riding can improve people’s happiness.” 1．How does the author show the popularity of cycling in London? A．By using numbers. (列数据) B．By giving examples. (举例子) C．By making comparisons. (作比较) D．By using famous sayings. (用名言) 2．What’s Johnson’s attitude towards the bike-sharing system in London? A．Disappointed. B．Worried. C．Supportive. D．Doubtful. 3．What can workers get from the Cycle to Work program? A．Tax-free bikes. B．Shorter working hours. C．Free bike-sharing services. D．Showers and lockers in workplaces. 4．Which of the following can be the best title of the passage? A．Cycling, a healthy way of life B．London’s public bike-sharing system C．How cycling has become popular in London D．Why Londoners are encouraged to ride bikes 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文为说明文。对许多伦敦人来说，骑自行车是一种生活方式。政府和公司给骑自行车的人提供了多方面的支持。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段的“According to a UK government survey in 2017, about 570, 000 bike journeys were made every day in London.(根据英国政府2017年的一项调查，伦敦每天约有57万人次骑车出行)”可知，作者在文中用数字来说明在伦敦骑自行车很流行。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段的““There can be no doubt that our trusty bicycles have changed the way people get around our great city,” Johnson told The Guardian in 2015.(“毫无疑问，我们值得信赖的自行车改变了人们在这座伟大城市的出行方式，”Johnson在2015年接受《卫报》采访时表示)”可推知，Johnson对伦敦的自行车共享系统持支持态度。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段的“In many companies across the UK, the UK government’s Cycle to Work scheme (计划) allows workers to buy a brand new bike without having to pay any tax (在英国各地的许多公司，英国政府的骑车上班计划允许员工购买一辆全新的自行车，而无需缴纳任何税款)”可知，在这个政府计划中，工作者从政府获得的好处是购买免税自行车。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，第一段说明在伦敦骑自行车是多么的流行，第二、第三段说明其流行的原因。接下来的段落说明了政府和公司的支持进一步使骑自行车流行起来。可知，这篇文章讲述了在伦敦，骑自行车是多么的流行及其流行的原因。B项“自行车在伦敦是如何变得流行起来的”适合做本文最佳标题。故选C。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高一上·陕西省榆林市·期中） Every year the Weifang International Kite Festival amazes visitors and netizens with innovative (创新的) kites, as “paper birds” of unimaginable designs keep appearing in the sky. This year, 622 kite artists from 59 countries and regions took part in the event. There were a variety of activities, including daylight and night kite shows, a kite flying competition, an exhibition of kite-themed creative artworks and so on. During the festival, visitors were amazed by many great and innovative kites on display. The longest one was a 280-meter-long Chinese dragon kite, while a 175-meter-long centipede kite took several people to control it while it was flying across the sky. Another giant kite, a whale, had to be flown by a team of a dozen men. Many kites contained elements (元素) of traditional Chinese culture. The 50-meter-long kite of a phoenix was something special, together with the seventh fairy from Chinese legend. Some people said the flying objects at the 40th Weifang International Kite Festival reminded them of the Thanksgiving Day Parade in New York, but they were hundreds of times bigger in scale and crazier. Compared with the past festivals, this year’s event was highlighted (突出) by many innovations by both experienced and young kite makers. The innovative kites presented this year brought many pleasant surprises to kite lovers all over the world, and will bring the people of China and other countries closer. 1．What does paragraph 3 mainly tell us about the kites? A．Their designers. B．Their price. C．Their shapes and sizes. D．Their tradition. 2．The Thanksgiving Day Parade is mentioned to say ______. A．kite flying competitors are from abroad. B．this year’s kite festival is impressive. C．it is the most popular in Western countries. D．it is as important as this year’s kite festival. 3．What sets this year’s kite festival apart from the past ones? A．Festival-goers. B．The number of kites. C．Creativity. D．Theme. 4．From which part of the website can you most probably read this text? A．Culture. B．Travel. C．Science. D．Education. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了今年潍坊国际风筝节的创新风筝设计及其文化影响。 1．主旨大意题。根据第三段的“During the festival, visitors were amazed by many great and innovative kites on display. The longest one was a 280-meter-long Chinese dragon kite, while a 175-meter-long centipede kite took several people to control it while it was flying across the sky.(在节日期间，游客们对展出的许多伟大而创新的风筝感到惊讶。最长的是一只280米长的中国龙风筝，而一只175米长的蜈蚣风筝在天空中飞行时需要几个人来控制它)”以及全段可知，第三段主要描绘了一些风筝的形状和尺寸，如最长的龙形风筝、蜈蚣风筝和鲸鱼风筝等。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据第五段“Some people said the flying objects at the 40th Weifang International Kite Festival reminded them of the Thanksgiving Day Parade in New York, but they were hundreds of times bigger in scale and crazier.(有人说，第40届潍坊国际风筝节上的飞行物让他们想起了纽约的感恩节游行，但它们的规模要大几百倍，也更疯狂)”可推知，提到感恩节游行是为了强调今年潍坊国际风筝节的规模和壮观，给人留下深刻印象。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据第六段“Compared with the past festivals, this year’s event was highlighted (突出) by many innovations by both experienced and young kite makers.(与过去的节日相比，今年的活动因经验丰富和年轻的风筝制作者的许多创新而更加突出)”可知，今年的风筝节与以往不同之处在于其创新性。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段“Every year the Weifang International Kite Festival amazes visitors and netizens with innovative (创新的) kites, as “paper birds” of unimaginable designs keep appearing in the sky.(每年，潍坊国际风筝节都会以创新的风筝让游客和网民们惊叹不已，因为设计难以想象的“纸鸟”不断出现在天空中)”以及全文可知，文章讨论了潍坊国际风筝节，着重介绍其文化意义和创新元素，因此可推知，本文最有可能出现在网站的“文化”部分。故选A。 主题02 人与自我—— 丰富自我 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一上·陕西省咸阳市·期中） Traveling can be expensive. But there are some ways to save money when traveling. Try some of the advice below on your next vacation and your wallet will thank you. Look for city tourism cards. With the card, you can pay less at restaurants and shops. You don’t have to wait for a long time at busy attractions. You might even get free tickets to top tourist attractions. City tourism cards can save your money and time without question. Don’t get the best room. How long will you stay in your room? Will you just be sleeping there? Do you really need a bigger room with a good view (景色)? Find a hotel outside a city. It can help you save some money by choosing a hotel away from big tourist attractions, for you are always doing the same — go to the attractions and then return to your hotel to sleep. Book (预订) a room with a kitchen. Although some people might not like to cook while on vacation, I don’t mind making breakfast in my room. We always eat at a nice restaurant on our last night of the vacation. I’d rather eat breakfast and lunch at the hotel and then spend much money on a delicious supper. 1．With ________, you can pay less at restaurants and shops. A．ID cards B．tourism cards C．bank cards D．phone cards 2．The underlined words “tourist attractions” in Paragraph 2 mean ________. A．旅游方式 B．旅游设施 C．旅游手册 D．旅游景点 3．What does the passage mainly talk about? A．How to save money when traveling. B．How to get a tourism card. C．How to find a hotel outside a city. D．How to book a room on the Internet. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。作者主要介绍了几个可以在旅行时省钱的方法。 1．细节理解题。由文第二段“Look for city tourism cards. With the card, you can pay less at restaurants and shops.”（寻找城市旅游卡。有了这张卡，你可以在餐馆和商店里付更少的钱）可知，有了旅游卡，你可以在餐馆和商店支付更少的费用，故选B项。 2．词句猜测题。由该划线短语所在句前句“You don’t have to wait for a long time at busy attractions.”（你不必在繁忙的景点等很长时间。）以及该划线短语所在句“You might even get free tickets to top tourist attractions.”（你甚至可以获得顶级__的免费门票），根据even可知，此处表示程度递进，tourist attractions表示旅游景点，故选D项。 3．主旨大意题。由文第一段“Traveling can be expensive. But there are some ways to save money when traveling. Try some of the advice below on your next vacation and your wallet will thank you.”（旅行可能很贵。但是有一些方法可以在旅行时省钱。下次度假时试试下面的建议，你的钱包会感谢你的。）以及纵观全文可知，本文主要介绍旅行时如何省钱，故选A项。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高一上·山西省晋城市·期中） Memories of wonderful getaways live in our brains long after we return home. Here are some of the amazing destinations you can consider. Hilton Cancun (Cancun, Mexico) Enjoy tropical drinks and brilliant waterfront views in Hilton Cancun, with 12 food spots featuring regional dishes among its many offerings. Nightly events and happenings, like a typical Fiesta show, help ensure it’s a vacation everyone will remember. For the little ones, there’s a kid’s camp with themed parties and glow-in-the-dark activities that will keep them entertained until bedtime. Giraffe Manor (Nairobi, Kenya) There are only twelve rooms in this hotel and no two are the same. But that’s not what sets it apart from other resorts. As one of the capital city’s most symbolic buildings, the luxury (豪华的) hotel is located within the forest of Langata suburb of Nairobi. Tourists have a great chance to feed some animals, which is especially preferred by kids. Rates include accommodations, airport transport, all meals and most drinks. Club Med Da Balaia (Albufeira, Portugal) Known for its golf course and attractive beaches, this destination overlooks the Atlantic Ocean. The little ones will love the many on-site activities ranging from archery (射箭) and tennis to sailing on a traditional fishing boat. If you are feeling adventurous, book the yacht (快艇) for a day and explore the country’s southern coast ending with a seafood barbeque and a swim in the sea. Nickelodeon Hotels (Punta Cana, Dominican Republic) Free your inner child and give your own kids the vacation of their dreams! Tour the Pineapple Villa, meet your favorite Nick characters — like SpongeBob, Dora, and even Sky from PAW Patrol! — and even get slimed! Unique dining experiences like dining in “outer space” and trying the Machete Burger take this destination to the next level. At the end of the day, dance the night away at their white beach party! 1．What is unique about Giraffe Manor? A．It offers a variety of seafoods. B．Tourists can get access to animals. C．It has only a dozen different rooms. D．All activities are included in the rates. 2．Where is the destination with popular Nick characters? A．In Kenya. B．In Mexico. C．In Portugal. D．In Dominican Republic. 3．What do the four destinations have in common? A．They are adventurous. B．They are family friendly. C．They feature ancient culture. D．They have wonderful beaches. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．B 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。本文介绍了四个令人惊叹的旅游目的地。 1．细节理解题。根据Giraffe Manor (Nairobi, Kenya)部分中的“Tourists have a great chance to feed some animals, which is especially preferred by kids.( 游客有很大的机会给一些动物喂食，这尤其受到孩子们的喜爱。)”可知，Giraffe Manor的独特之处在于游客可以与动物亲密接触，给动物喂食。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据Nickelodeon Hotels (Punta Cana, Dominican Republic)部分中的“Tour the Pineapple Villa, meet your favorite Nick characters — like SpongeBob, Dora, and even Sky from PAW Patrol!( 参观菠萝别墅，与你最喜欢的Nick角色见面，比如海绵宝宝、朵拉，甚至是《汪汪队立大功》里的天天！)”可知，在多米尼加共和国的Nickelodeon Hotels可以与流行的Nick角色见面。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据Hilton Cancun (Cancun, Mexico)中“For the little ones, there’s a kid’s camp with themed parties and glow-in-the-dark activities that will keep them entertained until bedtime.(对于小孩子来说，这里有一个儿童夏令营，有主题派对和夜光活动，可以让他们一直娱乐到睡觉时间。)”；根据Giraffe Manor (Nairobi, Kenya) 中 “Tourists have a great chance to feed some animals, which is especially preferred by kids. (游客有很好的机会喂一些动物，这是孩子们特别喜欢的。)”；以及Club Med Da Balaia (Albufeira, Portugal)中“The little ones will love the many on-site activities ranging from archery (射箭) and tennis to sailing on a traditional fishing boat.(孩子们会喜欢许多现场活动，从射箭和网球到传统渔船上的帆船。)”；以及Nickelodeon Hotels (Punta Cana, Dominican Republic) 中“Free your inner child and give your own kids the vacation of their dreams! (释放你内心的孩子，给你自己的孩子一个他们梦想的假期！)” 可知，这四个目的地都提供了适合家庭的活动和设施，如Hilton Cancun的儿童营地和主题派对、Giraffe Manor的动物喂食活动、Club Med Da Balaia的多种现场活动以及Nickelodeon Hotels的与Nick角色见面和独特餐饮体验等。因此，这四个目的地的共同点是它们都是适合家庭的。故选B。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高一上·陕西省咸阳市·期中） Sure, it’s good to get along well with your teacher because it makes the time you spend in the classroom more pleasant. And yes, it’s good to get along well with your teacher because, in general, it’s smart to learn how to get along well with the different types of people you’ll meet throughout your life. In fact, kids who get along well with their teachers not only learn more, but they’re more comfortable with asking questions and getting extra help. This makes it easier for them to understand new materials and makes them do their best on tests. When you have this kind of relationship with a teacher, he or she can be someone to turn to with problems, such as problems with learning or school issues (问题). Here is a question: What if you don’t get along with your teachers? In fact, teachers want to get along well with you and enjoy seeing you learn. But teachers and students sometimes have personality clashes (个性冲突), which can happen between any two people. If you show your teacher that you want to make the situation better, he or she will probably do everything possible to make that happen. By dealing with a problem like this, you learn something about how to get along with people who are different from you. However, if a certain teacher isn’t your favorite, you can still have a successful relationship with him or her, if you take your basic responsibilities as a student. Here are some of those responsibilities: Attend class ready to learn. Be prepared for class with the right stationery, books, and completed homework. Listen when your teacher is talking. Do your best, whether it’s a classroom assignment, homework, or a test. 1．What will happen to you when getting along well with your teachers according to the passage? A．We will have no problems with study. B．We will get a better seat in the classroom. C．We will get the best scores in the exams. D．We will have more pleasant time in the classroom. 2．If you don’t like a certain teacher, what should you do according to the author? A．We should ignore the differences between the teacher and us. B．We should choose a new school. C．We should study harder on weekends. D．We should take our basic responsibilities as a student. 3．The passage is written for ________. A．teachers B．students C．parents D．graduates 4．What does the passage mainly talk about? A．Studying skills for students. B．The importance of a good relationship with your teachers. C．The importance of friendship in schools. D．Useful skills to get along well with your parents. 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．B 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了作为学生学会和老师相处和谐的好处及应该如何去做。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Sure, it’s good to get along well with your teacher because it makes the time you spend in the classroom more pleasant.(当然，和老师相处得好是很有好处的，因为这会让你在课堂上度过的时间更愉快)”可知，当学生和老师相处关系好的话，在教室度过的时光会是愉快的。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第五段“However, if a certain teacher isn’t your favorite, you can still have a successful relationship with him or her, if you take your basic responsibilities as a student.(然而，如果某个老师不是你最喜欢的，你仍然可以和他或她有一个成功的关系，如果你承担你作为一个学生的基本责任)”可知，如果学生不喜欢某位老师，那么只要做好学生应该做的事情就好了，担起自己的责任。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据第一段“Sure, it’s good to get along well with your teacher because it makes the time you spend in the classroom more pleasant.(当然，和老师相处得好是很有好处的，因为这会让你在课堂上度过的时间更愉快)”中“your teacher”“ the time you spend in the classroom”并纵观全文可知，文章中的you指的是学生，也是目标读者，由此可知，这篇文章是写给学生的，教给学生如何和老师相处。故选B项。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Sure, it’s good to get along well with your teacher because it makes the time you spend in the classroom more pleasant.(当然，和老师相处得好是很有好处的，因为这会让你在课堂上度过的时间更愉快)”及第二段“And yes, it’s good to get along well with your teacher because, in general, it’s smart to learn how to get along well with the different types of people you’ll meet throughout your life.(是的，和老师关系和谐是很好的，因为总的来说，学习如何与你一生中会遇到的不同类型的人相处是很聪明的)”第三段“In fact, kids who get along well with their teachers not only learn more, but they’re more comfortable with asking questions and getting extra help.(事实上，与老师相处融洽的孩子不仅学得更多，而且他们更愿意提问和得到额外的帮助)”可知，本文主要介绍了学生和老师相处和谐的重要性，下文又就如何和老师相处给了建议。故选B项。 主题03人与自然——环保与防灾 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一上·甘肃兰州·期中） Josefa Marin went to New York from Mexico in 1987, supporting her daughter back home with the $140 a week she earned at a sweater factory. With that small income, she had to collect recyclables, trading in cans for five cents each. When the clothing factory closed down in the late 2000s, she became a full-time recycler, picking up cans and bottles to make ends meet. Marin’s story is not unique. Millions around the world make a living from picking through waste and reselling it — a vital role that keeps waste manageable. In New York City, the administrative department collects only about 28 percent of the cans that could be recycled. Rubbish collectors keep millions of additional recyclables out of landfills every year. Yet collectors are ruled out by government policies. The United States Supreme Court in 1988 stated that household garbage is public property once it’s on the street. That enables police to search rubbish for evidence, but that protection hasn’t always been extended to recyclers. And in places like New York City, which is testing city-owned locked containers to hide garbage from rats, containers are made clearly inaccessible for collectors. “There’s value in the waste, and we feel that value should belong to the people, not the city or the corporations”, says Ryan Castalia, director of a nonprofit recycling and community center in Brooklyn. Recognized or not, waste pickers have long been treated with disrespect. Marin recalls an occasion when someone living next to a building where she was collecting cans threw water at her. “Because I recycle it doesn’t mean I am less of a person than anyone else,” she says. Some governments are starting to realize that protecting the environment and humanity go hand in hand. The United Nation’s 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, for example, calls for an end to poverty and all the risks it brings. 1．What is the author’s purpose of telling about Marin? A．To highlight waste collectors’ role. B．To reflect laid-off workers’ hardship. C．To praise her devotion to her daughter. D．To show the seriousness of unemployment. 2．How does the author show the importance of waste pickers’ work? A．By contrasting. B．By citing reference. C．By giving definitions. D．By cause-effect analysis. 3．What would Marin agree with? A．Business is business. B．No job is noble or humble. C．The early bird catches worms. D．One good turn deserves another. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．The Legal Battles Over Public Garbage Ownership B．The History of Recycling Laws in the United States C．The Rise of Corporate Recycling Programs in New York D．The Struggles and Contributions of New York’s Recyclers 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要通过马林的故事讲述了拾荒者对于垃圾回收利用所起到的作用，以及他们面临的难题。 1．推理判断题。根据第一、二段马林的故事和第三段“Marin’s story is not unique. Millions around the world make a living from picking through waste and reselling it – a vital role that keeps waste manageable. In New York City, the administrative department collects only about 28 percent of the cans that could be recycled. Rubbish collectors keep millions of additional recyclables out of landfills every year. (马林的故事并非个例。世界各地有数百万人通过捡垃圾和转售来谋生——这是保持垃圾可管理的重要角色。在纽约市，管理部门只收集了28%可以回收的易拉罐。垃圾收集者每年从垃圾填埋场中取出数百万件可回收物品。)”可以推论出，作者讲述马林的故事目的是突出拾荒者的作用。故选A项。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段的句子“In New York City, the administrative department collects only about 28 percent of the cans that could be recycled. Rubbish collectors keep millions of additional recyclables out of landfills every year. (在纽约市，管理部门只收集了28%可以回收的易拉罐。垃圾收集者每年从垃圾填埋场中取出数百万件可回收物品。)”可知，作者是通过对比来说明垃圾收集者的重要性。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Recognized or not, waste pickers have long been treated with disrespect. Marin recalls an occasion when someone living next to a building where she was collecting cans threw water at her. “Because I recycle it doesn’t mean I am less of a person than anyone else,” she says. (不管承认与否，拾荒者长期以来一直受到不尊重。马林回忆说，有一次，她正在收集易拉罐，隔壁的人向她泼水。她说:“因为我回收利用，并不意味着我比其他人更不像一个人。”)”可知，马林认为工作没有高低贵贱之分。故选B项。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一、二段马林的故事和第三段“Marin’s story is not unique. Millions around the world make a living from picking through waste and reselling it – a vital role that keeps waste manageable. In New York City, the administrative department collects only about 28 percent of the cans that could be recycled. Rubbish collectors keep millions of additional recyclables out of landfills every year. (马林的故事并非个例。世界各地有数百万人通过捡垃圾和转售来谋生——这是保持垃圾可管理的重要角色。在纽约市，管理部门只收集了28%可以回收的易拉罐。垃圾收集者每年从垃圾填埋场中取出数百万件可回收物品。)”可知，本文主要通过马林的故事讲述了拾荒者对于垃圾回收利用所起到的作用，以及他们面临的难题。所以，用D项“The Struggles and Contributions of New York’s Recyclers”作为本文的题目，与文章主题相符合。故选D项。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高一上·山西省朔州市·期中） Earthquakes are something that people fear. There are some places that have few or no earthquakes. Most places in the world, however, have them regularly (有规律地). Countries that have a lot of earthquakes are usually quite mountainous. The most talked about earthquake in the United States was in San Francisco in 1906. Over 700 people died in it. The strongest one in North America was in 1964. It happened in Alaska. Strong earthquakes are not always the ones that kill the most people. In 1755, one of the strongest earthquakes ever recorded was felt in Portugal. Around 2000 people died. In 1923, a very strong earthquake hit Tokyo, the Yokohama area of Japan. A hundred and forty thousand people died. Most of them died in fires which followed the earthquake. One of the worst earthquakes ever was in China in 1976. It killed a large number of people. The worst earthquake ever recorded was also in China, in which about 80 000 people were killed or injured. This earthquake happened in 2008. Earthquakes worry people a lot. The reason is that we often do not know when they are coming. People can not prepare for it. 1．Earthquakes happen ________. A．in all the places in the world B．only in the countries that have a lot of mountains C．regularly in most places in the world D．only in a few places along the mountains 2．How many people died in the earthquake which happened in Portugal in 1755？ A．About 500. B．About 140 000. C．About 400 000. D．About 2000. 3．When and where was the worst earthquake ever recorded？ A．1964; Alaska. B．2008; China. C．1923; Japan. D．1976; China. 4．According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true? A．The stronger the earthquake is, the more people are killed. B．Earthquakes can cause fires. C．People still don’t know how to tell when an earthquake will come. D．Earthquakes often come unexpectedly (出乎意料地). 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章以客观陈述的方式，介绍了地震的分布规律、历史案例及危害特点，通过列举不同国家和时期的地震实例，说明地震的普遍性、不可预测性等事实。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Most places in the world, however, have them regularly.(然而，世界上大多数地方都会有规律地发生地震。)”可知，地震在世界上大多数地区有规律地发生。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“In 1755, one of the strongest earthquakes ever recorded was felt in Portugal. Around 2000 people died.(1755年，葡萄牙发生了有记录以来最强的地震之一，约 2000人死亡。)”可知，1755年葡萄牙地震导致约2000人死亡。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段“The worst earthquake ever recorded was also in China, in which about 80 000 people were killed or injured. This earthquake happened in 2008.(有记录以来最严重的地震也发生在中国，约8万人伤亡，该地震发生在2008年。)”可知，最严重的地震发生在2008年的中国。故选B项。 4．细节理解题。根据第三段“Strong earthquakes are not always the ones that kill the most people.(强震并不总是造成最多人员死亡的地震。)”可知，地震强度与死亡人数并非正相关。故选A项。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高一上·山西省·期中） Rodrigo Botero Garcia, a Colombian environmentalist, won Stanford University’s Bright Award for Environmental Sustainability (可持续性). The award honors outstanding efforts in sustainability. Botero received this prize for his work in saving big areas of rainforest in the Amazon and encouraging sustainable development. The Bright Award focuses on a different global region each year. Winners are selected by a team of Stanford students and professors, led by Professor Barton Thompson, an expert in natural resources law. Thompson highlighted the unique features of the award, including students’ involvement. He said, “To me, this is quite important because it is our students who are going to be the next generation of problem solvers, the next generation of those who are going to lead the way towards sustainability.” Botero has spent over ten years fighting against deforestation and supporting local communities in the Amazon. He started the Conservation and Sustainable Development Foundation in 2011. This organization has helped protect millions of hectares of land and expand (扩大) Colombia’s Chiribiquete National Park, a UNESCO World Heritage site. Botero’s work also includes discussing with various groups such as officials, the army, and the locals. He stressed the importance of building trust in these discussions and putting oneself in the shoes of others. “By listening to others and understanding their struggles, we can find common ground,” he said. Despite progress, he faced challenges from groups unwilling to compromise (妥协). “Numerous environmental leaders in Colombia, the Amazon, Latin America and beyond, are facing threats to their safety and lives,” Botero said. “I believe that this prize is important to honor their courage and to remind me to continue the work, both for those who are still with us and for those who are not here, for the benefit of our children and future generations to create a better world.” 1．Why did Botero receive the Bright Award? A．For developing a new wildlife park. B．For leading a research team at Stanford. C．For protecting the Amazon rainforest. D．For helping students from poor families. 2．Who played a part in selecting the prize winner? A．Soldiers. B．Officials. C．Local farmers. D．Stanford students. 3．What did Botero say about the environmental work in Colombia? A．It’s easy. B．It’s risky. C．It’s profitable. D．It’s confusing. 4．Which of the following best describes Botero? A．Creative. B．Humorous. C．Light-hearted. D．Strong-willed. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．D 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。本文主要介绍了哥伦比亚环保人士Rodrigo Botero Garcia十几年来致力于保护亚马逊热带雨林，他因此荣获斯坦福大学颁发的奖项。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段关键句“Botero received this prize for his work in saving big areas of rainforest in the Amazon and encouraging sustainable development. (Botero因其在拯救亚马逊大片雨林和鼓励可持续发展方面的工作而获得该奖项。)”可知，Botero因其在拯救亚马逊大片雨林和鼓励可持续发展方面的工作而获得Bright Award，由此可知，Botero获得Bright Award因为他保护了亚马逊雨林。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段关键句“Winners are selected by a team of Stanford students and professors, led by Professor Barton Thompson, an expert in natural resources law. (获奖者由斯坦福大学的学生和教授组成的团队选出，该团队由自然资源法专家Barton Thompson教授领导。)”可知，获奖者由斯坦福大学的学生和教授组成的团队选出，由此可知，斯坦福大学的学生参与了获奖者的评选。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段关键句““Numerous environmental leaders in Colombia, the Amazon, Latin America and beyond, are facing threats to their safety and lives,” Botero said. (Botero说：“哥伦比亚、亚马逊、拉丁美洲和其他地区的许多环保领袖正面临着安全和生命的威胁。”。)”可知，Botero说哥伦比亚、亚马逊、拉丁美洲和其他地区的许多环保领袖正面临着安全和生命的威胁，由此可知，Botero认为哥伦比亚的环境工作是有风险的。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据第三段关键句“Botero has spent over ten years fighting against deforestation and supporting local communities in the Amazon. (Botero花了十多年的时间与森林砍伐作斗争，并支持亚马逊地区的当地社区。)”可知，Botero花了十多年的时间与森林砍伐作斗争，由此可知，他是一个意志坚强的人。故选D项。 主题01 人与社会—— 社会文化与人际 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·陕西省汉中市·期中） It is often said that you can’t have too many friends. But it seems that there is a natural limit to the number of people we stay in touch with. A study found that when we make new friends, by starting a new job or going to university, we downgrade or even drop old ones. And while the friends may change, the number stays almost the same. Oxford University researcher Felix Reed-Tsochas asked 24 students in the final months of school to list all their friends and relatives and say how close to them they were. The students filled in the questionnaire (问卷)twice more after starting work or going to university. They were also given free mobile phones and agreed that researchers could use their bills to work out who they called, when and for how long. Putting the two pieces of information together showed, unsurprisingly, that most people have a small circle of close friends, who they spend most of their time talking to. This inner circle is surrounded by group after group of ever more distant friends. As the volunteers’ lives changed, this overall pattern, including the number of best friends, remained almost the same, meaning that some close friends from childhood were dropped or downgraded as new friendships were built. Dr Reed-Tsochas said, “Maybe my best friend is no longer the same person but the amount of time I allocate(分配)to my best friend is still the same.” He added that this finding suggests that even with the coming of modern technology we are only capable of forming a limited number of true friendships. Chester University researcher Dr Sam Roberts said, “Our results are likely to reflect limitations in the ability of humans to keep emotionally close relationships both because of limited time and because the emotional capital(情绪资本)that individuals can allocate between family members and friends is limited.” 1．Which is a method Dr Reed-Tsochas used in his study? A．Checking the volunteers’ call records. B．Learning about the volunteers’ hobbies. C．Tracking the volunteers’ job performance. D．Interviewing the volunteers’ schoolmates. 2．What did the researchers find from the study? A．One’s attitude to friendships remains the same. B．People attach great importance to friendships. C．People rarely drop their old friends to make new ones. D．The number of one’s best friends doesn’t change much. 3．What is the function of the last paragraph? A．To add background information. B．To give a possible explanation. C．To offer some suggestions. D．To introduce a new topic. 4．Where can you read the passage? A．In a travel magazine. B．In a math textbook. C．In a personal diary. D．In a newspaper. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了人类社交关系中的朋友数量限制问题。文章通过引用牛津大学和切斯特大学的研究，说明了人们在建立新友谊的同时，往往会降级或放弃旧友谊，但最亲密的朋友数量却保持相对稳定。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“They were also given free mobile phones and agreed that researchers could use their bills to work out who they called, when and for how long.(他们还获得了免费的手机，并同意研究人员可以使用他们的账单来确定他们给谁打了电话，什么时候打的，以及打了多久)”可知，检查志愿者的通话记录是Dr Reed-Tsochas在他的研究中使用的方法。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“As the volunteers’ lives changed, this overall pattern, including the number of best friends, remained almost the same, meaning that some close friends from childhood were dropped or downgraded as new friendships were built.(随着志愿者们生活的变化，这种总体模式，包括最好的朋友的数量，几乎保持不变，这意味着在建立新友谊的同时，一些儿时的亲密朋友被放弃或降级了)”可知，一个人最好的朋友的数量没有太大变化是研究人员从研究中发现的内容。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Chester University researcher Dr Sam Roberts said, “Our results are likely to reflect limitations in the ability of humans to keep emotionally close relationships both because of limited time and because the emotional capital (情绪资本) that individuals can allocate between family members and friends is limited. ”(切斯特大学的研究者Sam Roberts博士说：“我们的结果可能反映了人类在保持情感亲密关系方面的能力有限，这既是因为时间有限，也是因为个人能在家庭成员和朋友之间分配的情绪资本有限。”)”可知，该段通过引用另一位研究者的观点，对文章前面提到的研究结果进行了解释，说明了为什么人们的好朋友数量会保持稳定。由此可知，最后一段的功能是给出一个可能的解释。故选B。 4．推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要探讨了人类社交关系中的朋友数量限制问题，这是一个科学研究的话题，通常会在报纸上报道或讨论。因此，D选项（在报纸上）是你可以阅读这篇文章的合适地方。故选D。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高一上·陕西省汉中市·期中） You don’t get a second chance to make a first impression — this was the theme of this year’s International Public Speaking Competition (IPSC). Thirty-three young speakers aged 16 to 20 from around the world gathered at The English Speaking Union to tell their stories, including Wu Dongxu, 19, a student from China. Wu Dongxu saw the differences and similarities between Chinese and foreign cultures through the competition. Apart from the obvious differences in food, transportation and climate, what impressed Wu most was the different styles of Chinese and foreign public speaking. Although still a teen, Wu is no stranger to the public speaking podium (讲台). He has participated in many speaking competitions since 2017. But on the stage of the IPSC, speakers had no podium to stand behind. They just had to face the audience. “This was the first time that I gave a speech without a podium, which made me realize how important eye contact and body language are, ” said Wu. “It also gave me more freedom to show more information with my body language instead of just with words. ” Another difference that caught Wu's attention was the evaluation criteria (评价标准). To his surprise, in the IPSC, accents and grammatical mistakes are not considered in the evaluation process. It is the story itself that matters most instead of pronunciation, fluency and quality of language. “Audiences are eager to hear powerful stories, no matter where they are from. That's because the emotions expressed in them are shared by all human beings although there are the cultural differences. ” said Wu. “Diversity (多样性), respect, tolerance and understanding — these are what the IPSC really wants to stress and spread. ” 1．How many students gathered at The English Speaking Union this year according to the passage? A．16. B．19. C．20. D．33. 2．What left Wu Dongxu the deepest impression? A．The food culture. B．The public speaking styles. C．The climate. D．The transportation means. 3．What can we learn about the IPSC? A．Speakers are allowed to use podiums. B．Only adults can take part in the IPSC． C．Body language plays an important part. D．Language quality is considered the most important. 4．What is Wu Dongxu’s attitude towards the IPSC? A．Supportive. B．Doubtful. C．Worried. D．Opposed. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了今年国际公共演讲比赛（IPSC）的主题和一位来自中国的参赛者吴东旭的经历。文章通过吴东旭的视角，展示了他在比赛中观察到的中外公共演讲风格的差异，以及比赛的评价标准。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Thirty-three young speakers aged 16 to 20 from around the world gathered at The English Speaking Union to tell their stories, including Wu Dongxu, 19, a student from China.(来自世界各地的33名年龄在16至20岁之间的年轻演讲者聚集在英语演讲联盟讲述他们的故事，其中包括来自中国的19岁学生吴东旭。)”可知，今年有33名学生聚集在英语演讲联盟。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Apart from the obvious differences in food, transportation and climate, what impressed Wu most was the different styles of Chinese and foreign public speaking.(除了食物、交通和气候的明显差异外，给吴留下最深刻印象的是中外公共演讲风格的不同。)”可知，给吴东旭留下最深刻印象的是中外公共演讲风格的不同。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“This was the first time that I gave a speech without a podium, which made me realize how important eye contact and body language are,” said Wu.(“这是我第一次在没有讲台的情况下发表演讲，这让我意识到眼神交流和肢体语言是多么重要，”吴说。)”可知，在IPSC中，没有讲台，演讲者需要更多地依赖眼神交流和肢体语言，因此我们可以了解到肢体语言在IPSC中扮演着重要的角色。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段““Diversity (多样性), respect, tolerance and understanding — these are what the IPSC really wants to stress and spread.” said Wu.(“多样性、尊重、宽容和理解——这些是IPSC真正想要强调和传播的东西。”吴说。)”可知，吴东旭对IPSC所强调的多样性、尊重、宽容和理解持支持态度。故选A。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高一上·陕西省咸阳市·期中） Are you attracted to faraway places? Do you prefer a vacation away from other tourists? Are you careful to take only memories and to leave only footprints? If you answered yes to more than one of these questions, you just might be an ecotourist (生态旅游者). Ecotourists are people who want to experience the natural world without damage and leave it that way when they return home. This started in the 1990s and ecotourism is now growing three times faster than the tourism industry at large. The Ecuador’s remote Amazon Basin (盆地) is leading to that enlarging, and it gives tourists a snapshot of what ecotourism looks like. At the Ecolodge, a small group of small houses sit Kapawi Ecolodge in the middle of the Achuar people’s reserve (保护区) and are only accessible by air. From here, visitors can explore parts of the Amazon rainforest seen by few outsiders. As they do, local Achuar guides explain how the forest is like their supermarket, where they find food, clothing, medicine and tools. As a result, tourists learn to enjoy the local culture as well as the natural environment. The owners of Kapawi pay monthly rent to the Achuar people, but they also train the community to run and manage the lodge. They have agreed on a plan to turn the operation over to the Achuar completely by 2011. The owners are working to make ecotourism benefit and empower the local people. You probably won’t start your own ecolodge (生态旅馆), but you can be an ecotourist if you follow these guidelines: Protect the environment; Support local businesses; Respect the local customs and traditions. The world is full of fascinating places to visit. As an ecotourist, you can enjoy them yourself and make sure that they remain beautiful for future generations as well. 1．According to the text, the ecotourists should be ______. A．those who like to go to their travelling places by cars. B．those who like an easily-remembered natural environment C．those who prefer a natural world which is what it used to be D．those who prefer unique natural environment of cultural relics 2．Which word is closest to the underlined word “snapshot” in Paragraph 2? A．Idea. B．Chance. C．Purpose. D．Adventure. 3．At the Kapawi Ecolodge, visitors can’t ______. A．reach there by air B．live in the Achua r reserve C．explore the Amazon rainforest D．see many travelers from outside 4．What can we learn from the text? A．The owners of Kapawi are the Achuar who are in favor of ecotourism. B．The owners encourage tourists to enjoy the Achuar culture. C．The Achuar people have gained a lot by collecting money from ecotourists. D．The Kapawi Ecolodge will still run and manage the hotel after 2011. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要以厄瓜多尔的亚马逊盆地的生态旅馆为例，介绍了一种新理念的旅游方式——生态旅游。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Ecotourists are people who want to experience the natural world without damage and leave it that way when they return home. (生态旅游者是指那些想要在不受破坏的情况下体验自然世界，并在回家后将其保持原样的人。)”可知，生态旅游者是想要不被破坏的情况下体验自然世界，由此可知，生态旅游者是那些希望保持自然世界原本样子的人。故选C项。 2．词义猜测题。划线单词前的“Ecotourists are people who want to experience the natural world without damage and leave it that way when they return home. This started in the 1990s and ecotourism is now growing three times faster than the tourism industry at large. (生态旅游者是指那些想要在不受破坏的情况下体验自然世界，并在回家时将其保持原样的人。这始于20世纪90年代，现在生态旅游的增长速度是整个旅游业的三倍。)”可知，此处介绍了生态旅游者的概念，以及生态旅游的快速发展，结合“The Ecuador’s remote Amazon Basin (盆地) is leading to that enlarging, and it gives tourists…(厄瓜多尔遥远的亚马逊盆地正导致生态旅游放大，也给游客们……。)”可知，厄瓜多尔遥远的亚马逊盆地使得生态旅游放大，再结合画线词的划线单词后的“what ecotourism looks like (什么是生态旅游)”可推知，亚马逊盆地这一具体事例来让游客们了解了什么是生态旅游，由此可知，划线单词的意思应与“思想”意义相近。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“At the Ecolodge, a small group of small houses sit Kapawi Ecolodge in the middle of the Achuar people’s reserve (保护区) and are only accessible by air. From here, visitors can explore parts of the Amazon rainforest seen by few outsiders. (在生态园区，一群小房子坐落在卡帕维生态园区，位于阿丘阿尔人保护区的中间，只能乘飞机到达。从这里，游客可以探索一些外人很少看到的亚马逊雨林。)”可知，去Kapawi需要乘坐飞机到那里，由此可知，卡帕维生态旅馆比较难以到达，所以游客不能看到很多来自于外面的游客。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“As they do, local Achuar guides explain how the forest is like their supermarket, where they find food, clothing, medicine and tools. As a result, tourists learn to enjoy the local culture as well as the natural environment. (当他们来探索的时候，当地的阿丘阿尔向导向他们解释森林是如何像他们的超市一样，在那里他们可以找到食物、衣服、药品和工具。因此，游客学会享受当地的文化和自然环境。)”可知，游客可以学会享受当地的文化和自然环境，结合第四段中的“They have agreed on a plan to turn the operation over to the Achuar completely by 2011. The owners are working to make ecotourism benefit and empower the local people. (他们已经就一项计划达成一致，到2011年将这项业务完全移交给Achuar。所有者正在努力使生态旅游受益，并赋予当地人权力。)”可知，卡帕维生态旅馆的所有者在经营的时候让Achuar向导为游客介绍他们的生活文化，并会将这项业务移交给当地人，让他们拥有充分的权力，由此推知，这里的所有者鼓励游客享受当地的阿丘亚文化。故选B项。 主题02 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·陕西省榆林市·期中） Imagine staying in the icy wilderness of Antarctica, cut off from the rest of the world, with only a small group of scientists. Such a group might be expected to develop a culture of its own, but would that develop a new shared accent (口音)? As part of the project to explain the spoken accent development, a group of researchers led by Jonathan Harrington, professor of phonetics and speech processing at the Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, started the study. The researchers studied a group of 11 scientists spending six months on an island just west of the Antarctic Peninsula. The scientists were from several countries, including the US, the UK, Iceland and Germany. As part of the study, they had to record themselves reading a list of vocabularies from a computer screen every few weeks. The list included words with vowel (元音) sounds /i:/, /u:/ and / əʊ/ that have been found to change over time in different English accents. The recordings were then sent to researchers. When the recordings were studied, the researchers found that the pronunciation of words with an /əʊ/ sound— such as “flow,” “code” and “sew”— had changed a little over the six months. The scientists began to pronounce it more toward the front of their mouths than toward the back. (British pronunciations are already typically fronter than American /əʊ/.) The researchers believe it shows the development of a new accent among the scientists. Harrington said, “When we speak to each other, we remember that speech, and then that has an influence on our own speech production.” While only small changes were recorded, the researchers believe the experiment helps to explain how different accents are created among enclosed (封闭的) communities — and may help us know why American and British English have developed as they have. 1．What were the scientists expected to do during the study? A．Tell stories. B．Show pictures. C．Make sentences. D．Read and record words. 2．Which word’s pronunciation may change in the enclosed community in the study? A．Show. B．Egg. C．Cup. D．Hat. 3．Which of the following do the researchers agree with concerning the finding? A．It proves life in Antarctica is difficult. B．It uncovers the connection of vowel sounds. C．It helps build communications among people with different accents. D．It may explain American and British English’s development. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Different Accents Around the World. B．The Development of English Language. C．Does a New Accent Form Among Enclosed Communities? D．What Would Scientists’ Daily Life Be Like in Antarctica? 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了科学家研究封闭社群中新口音的形成。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段中“As part of the study, they had to record themselves reading a list of vocabularies from a computer screen every few weeks. (作为研究的一部分，他们每隔几周就得录制自己从电脑屏幕上朗读词汇列表的声音。)”可知，在孤岛上的科学家需要读词汇并进行录制。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“The list included words with vowel (元音) sounds /i:/, /u:/ and /əʊ/ that have been found to change over time in different English accents. (该列表包括元音发音为/i:/、/u:/和/əʊ/的单词，这些单词在不同的英语口音中会随着时间的推移而变化。)”和第四段中“When the recordings were studied, the researchers found that the pronunciation of words with an /əʊ/ sound— such as “flow,” “code” and “sew”— had changed a little over the six months. (当研究这些录音时，研究人员发现带有/əʊ/音的单词的发音——比如“flow”、“code”和“sew”——在六个月的时间里发生了一些变化。)”可推断，含有元音音素/əʊ/的show的发音在这个封闭群体的实验中可能会发生改变。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“While only small changes were recorded, the researchers believe the experiment helps to explain how different accents are created among enclosed (封闭的) communities — and may help us know why American and British English have developed as they have. (虽然只有很小的变化被记录下来，但研究人员认为，这个实验有助于解释不同的口音是如何在封闭的社区中产生的，并可能帮助我们了解为什么美式英语和英式英语会发展成现在这样。)”可知，研究者认为，实验结果也许可以解释美式英语和英式英语的发展。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据文章第一段“Imagine staying in the icy wilderness of Antarctica, cut off from the rest of the world, with only a small group of scientists. Such a group might be expected to develop a culture of its own, but would that develop a new shared accent (口音)? (想象一下，你和一小群科学家呆在南极洲冰冷的荒野里，与世隔绝。这样一个群体可能会发展出自己的文化，但这会发展出一种新的共同口音吗？)”和最后一段“While only small changes were recorded, the researchers believe the experiment helps to explain how different accents are created among enclosed (封闭的) communities — and may help us know why American and British English have developed as they have. (虽然只有很小的变化被记录下来，但研究人员认为，这个实验有助于解释不同的口音是如何在封闭的社区中产生的，并可能帮助我们了解为什么美式英语和英式英语会发展成现在这样。)”可知，文章主要介绍了一项科学实验。研究发现，一群科学家在一座孤岛上居住了六个月后，他们的口音发生了变化。所以最佳标题为C项“Does a New Accent Form Among Enclosed Communities? (在封闭的社区中会形成新的口音吗？)”。故选C。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高一上·宁夏银川·期中） If you want to become a fluent English speaker, you should take some advice: there are four skills in learning English. They are listening, speaking, reading and writing. The most important thing you must remember is that if you want to improve your speaking and writing skills, you should first master the skills of reading and listening. Read as much as you can. But your reading must be active. It means that you must think about the meaning of the sentences, the meaning of the unfamiliar words, etc. There is no need for you to pay much attention to grammar or try to understand all the unfamiliar words you encounter, but the fact you see them for the first time and recognize them whenever you see them, for example in other passages or books, is enough. It would be better to prepare yourself a notebook so you can write down the important words or sentences in it. As for listening, there are two choices: besides reading, you can listen every day for about 30 minutes. You can only pay attention to your reading and become skillful at your reading, then you can catch up on your listening. Since you have lots of inputs in your mind, you can easily guess what the speaker is going to say. This never means that you should not practice listening. For listening, you can listen to cartoons or some movies that are specially made for children. Their languages are easy. Or if you are good at listening, you can listen to VOA or BBC programs every day. Again the thing to remember is being active in listening and preferably taking some notes. If you follow these pieces of advice, your speaking and writing will improve automatically, and you can be sure that with a little effort they will become perfect. 1．According to the author, which should you improve first among the four skills? A．Reading and listening. B．Reading and writing. C．Writing and speaking. D．Speaking and listening. 2．To improve your reading, when you read, you should ________. A．look up all the new words in the dictionary B．think about what you are reading actively C．spend more time studying grammar D．copy as many words and sentences as possible 3．What does the underlined word “encounter” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Meet by accident. B．Wind up. C．Lose on purpose. D．Look for. 4．Which of the following may the author agree with? A．Everyone should listen to VOA or BBC programs every day. B．You needn’t practice listening if you keep in reading every day. C．Being good at reading is helpful in improving your listening. D．You should take notes of whatever you are hearing. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．A 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了提高英语口语和写作能力的四个关键技能：听、说、读、写，并强调了阅读和听力在提高口语和写作中的重要性。文章给出了提高阅读和听力能力的具体建议和方法。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The most important thing you must remember is that if you want to improve your speaking and writing skills, you should first master the skills of reading and listening.(你必须记住的最重要的事情是，如果你想提高你的口语和写作能力，你应该首先掌握阅读和听力的技能)”可知，作者认为在四个技能中，应该首先提高的是阅读和听力。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“But your reading must be active. It means that you must think about the meaning of the sentences, the meaning of the unfamiliar words, etc.(但是你的阅读必须是积极的。这意味着你必须思考句子的意思，不熟悉的单词的意思等)”可知，为了提高阅读能力，在阅读时应该积极思考所读内容。故选B。 3．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“but the fact you see them for the first time and recognize them whenever you see them, for example in other passages or books, is enough (但是当你第一次看到它们并能在以后看到它们时（例如在其他的文章或书中）认出它们这一事实就足够了)”可知，此处是指在阅读中你所遇见的那些你不熟悉的单词，能够认出它们就够了，故该词指“遇见”，故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“You can only pay attention to your reading and become skillful at your reading, then you can catch up on your listening.(你只需要关注你的阅读并变得擅长阅读，然后你就能提高你的听力)”可知，作者认为擅长阅读有助于提高听力。故选C。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高一上·陕西省渭南市·期中） You may not know a lot of people when you start senior high school. Maybe your friends from junior high school are going to a different senior high school. Even if you know other freshmen (一年级学生), you still feel anxious that you don’t know any upperclassmen. How are you going to make friends among this sea of unknown faces? Most senior high schools hold the freshman orientation (迎新会) before school actually starts. It is helpful because you not only learn your way around the building but also get to meet some of your teachers and fellow freshmen. That way, when you show up on your first day of school, you may already recognize a few familiar faces. When you talk to people at orientation, you’ll probably find that a lot of them are feeling just like you are. They’re all new to the school and don’t know what to expect. Talking about a common concern with your classmates can help you develop friendships. The work in senior high school is something freshmen are probably worried about. It builds on what you learned in junior high school, giving you a more advanced (高深的) knowledge of many subjects. So you may find you have more work to do or that it’s a bit more challenging. If you ever find your work too difficult, teachers can give you extra help. Senior high school also has more after-school activities than junior high school, such as clubs, music and theater groups and sports teams. This is a good time to explore your interests and try new things. Junior high school taught you the basics of time management and social skills while providing you with a little extra support and guidance. Senior high school gives you the chance to learn how to be more independent and responsible. 1．How do the freshmen usually feel on their first day of senior high school? A．Proud. B．Nervous. C．Excited. D．Curious. 2．What are freshmen probably worried about? A．The learning task. B．The ability to make friends. C．The freshman orientation. D．The relationship with teachers. 3．What do after-school activities mainly help students to do? A．Develop friendships. B．Develop their interests. C．Build up their strength. D．Improve their learning ability. 4．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．What you’ll learn in senior high school. B．What you learned in junior high school. C．The difference between junior high school and senior high school. D．The importance of being more independent and responsible. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．B 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了高中生如何适应新环境。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Even if you know other freshmen, you still feel anxious that you don’t know any upperclassmen.(即使你认识其他新生，你也会因为不认识任何高年级学生而感到焦虑。)”可知，新生在高中第一天通常会感到紧张。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段“The work in senior high school is something freshmen are probably worried about.(高中新生可能担心的是高中的学习任务。)”可知，新生可能担心的是学习任务。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段“This is a good time to explore your interests and try new things.(这是一个探索你的兴趣并尝试新事物的好时机。)”可知，课外活动主要帮助学生发展他们的兴趣。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Junior high school taught you the basics of time management and social skills while providing you with a little extra support and guidance. Senior high school gives you the chance to learn how to be more independent and responsible.(初中教会了你时间管理和社交技能的基础知识，同时为你提供了一些额外的支持和指导。高中则给了你学习如何更加独立和负责任的机会。)”可知，最后一段主要讲的是初中和高中的区别。故选C。 主题03 人与自然—— 环保 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·宁夏银川·期中） Since November 2022, ChatGPT has drawn the world’s attention, showing millions of users around the globe the amazing power of AI. Asking ChatGPT4, an AI chatbot, to write a 100-word email might take just a few seconds. However, this causes great environmental problems. The biggest problem is the water the AI chatbot uses in its lifetime. Once turned on, AI equipment (设备) gets very hot and depends on cold water from cooling towers to remove the heat. According to The Washington Post, for every 100-word email that it creates, ChatGPT4 needs 519 milliliters of water, or a little more than a bottle. Each year, ChatGPT4 uses over 435 million liters of water for writing emails alone— enough to support a US family for 1,050years or enough to plant a forest of 2,050 acres. Meanwhile, AI needs electricity. The Washington Post noted that writing a 100-word email requires 0.14 kilowatt-hours of electricity, which can power 14 LED lights for one hour. Every year in the US, ChatGPT4 uses up more than 120,000 megawatt-hours of power just to help write working emails. This is enough to support all homes in Washington DC for 20 days. That’s not all. An AI chatbot’s “carbon (碳) footprint” starts long before the chatbot gets the public. For example, training ChatGPT3 produced around 502 tons of carbon. This is the same as driving 112 cars for a year, according to Shirin Dora, a researcher at Loughborough University in the UK. Now, businesses are looking for different ways to make AI more environmentally friendly. Microsoft uses cold metal plates with pipes of cold water to cool equipment, which reduces water usage. Renewable energy is also helpful, for example, Tencent’s data center in Tianjin is powered by solar energy (太阳能). 1．What is the main environmental issue caused by AI chatbots? A．Noise pollution. B．Water overuse. C．Deforestation. D．Digital waste. 2．How is the environmental problem of AI explained in the text? A．By listing numbers. B．By quoting experts. C．By presenting the causes. D．By making a prediction. 3．Why is Tencent’s data center mentioned in the last paragraph? A．To show the use of renewable energy in AI. B．To list the advantages of traditional energy. C．To highlight the high electricity waste of AI. D．To compare the water usage of different AI products. 4．What is the text mainly talking about? A．The wide application of AI chatbots. B．The effects of AI on people’s daily life. C．The solutions to making AI much greener. D．The environmental problems brought by AI. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了AI聊天机器人（特别是ChatGPT）给环境带来的严重问题。 1．细节理解题。由文章第二段中“The biggest problem is the water the AI chatbot uses in its lifetime. (最大的问题是AI聊天机器人在其生命周期中所使用的水。)”可知，AI聊天机器人造成的最大的环境问题是过度用水。故选B。 2．推理判断题。由文章第二段中“According to The Washington Post, for every 100-word email that it creates, ChatGPT4 needs 519 milliliters of water, or a little more than a bottle. Each year, ChatGPT4 uses over 435 million liters of water for writing emails alone— enough to support a US family for 1,050years or enough to plant a forest of 2,050 acres. (据《华盛顿邮报》报道，ChatGPT4每创作一封100字的电子邮件，就需要519毫升水，略多于一瓶水的量。每年，ChatGPT4仅用于撰写电子邮件就消耗了超过4.35亿升水——这足以支持一个美国家庭使用1050年，或种植一片2050英亩的森林。)”和第三段中“The Washington Post noted that writing a 100-word email requires 0.14 kilowatt-hours of electricity, which can power 14 LED lights for one hour. Every year in the US, ChatGPT4 uses up more than 120,000 megawatt-hours of power just to help write working emails. This is enough to support all homes in Washington DC for 20 days. (据《华盛顿邮报》指出，撰写一封100字的电子邮件需要0.14千瓦时的电力，这足以供14盏LED灯照明一小时。在美国，每年ChatGPT4仅用于帮助撰写工作电子邮件就消耗了超过12万千瓦时的电力。这足以支持华盛顿特区所有家庭20天的用电需求。)”可知，文章通过列举数字来解释AI造成的环境问题。故选A。 3．推理判断题。由文章最后一段中“Renewable energy is also helpful, for example, Tencent’s data center in Tianjin is powered by solar energy (太阳能). (可再生能源也有所帮助，例如，腾讯在天津的数据中心就是由太阳能供电的。)”可知，提到腾讯天津数据中心是为了展示AI中可再生能源的使用。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段“Since November 2022, ChatGPT has drawn the world’s attention, showing millions of users around the globe the amazing power of AI. Asking ChatGPT4, an AI chatbot, to write a 100-word email might take just a few seconds. However, this causes great environmental problems. (自2022年11月以来，ChatGPT吸引了全球的注意力，向全球数百万用户展示了人工智能（AI）的惊人力量。让AI聊天机器人ChatGPT4写一封100字的电子邮件可能只需要几秒钟。然而，这却给环境带来了巨大的问题。)”可知，文章主要讲述了AI聊天机器人，特别是ChatGPT4，造成的环境问题，包括过度用水和耗电等，并提到了一些企业正在寻找使AI更环保的方法。因此，文章主要讨论的是AI带来的环境问题。故选D。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高一上·山西省太原市·期中） Every day as the sun rises, Ma Hongyi, a 68-year-old farmer, can be seen patrolling (巡逻) Yuncheng Salt Lake with his dog in Yuncheng City, North China’s Shanxi Province. Ma still remembers the day when he first saw two big pink birds wandering through the water. I had never seen such pretty birds. “They were even taller than me, with long wings.” Ma recalls. He was later told that those birds were flamingos, an uncommon sight in China, which were listed on the International Union for Conservation of Nature’s Red List of Threatened Species (濒危物种) in 2013. From that day on, Ma started his second career as a volunteer to prevent human beings from doing harm to the wildlife. “The birds are attracted by the good environment,” Ma says. “I will do my best to protect the lake so that birds can come here every year.” Yuncheng Salt Lake covers an area of 132 square kilometers and used to serve as a salt production base. As the country began attaching greater importance to environmental protection, an ecological (生态的) protection and development center was set up in 2012 to carry out regular ecological protection and restoration of the lake. “The greatest value of the salt lake lies in its ecology, which should be properly protected,” says Chu Xianghao, head of the city. The lake area boasts 292 types of wild animals, along with 782 plant varieties, some of which are newly recorded species in the country. After patrolling the lake as a volunteer for over four years, Ma was employed by the local government to help with wildlife protection in 2019. “The lake’s ecology is getting better,”Ma says, adding that he looks forward to the arrival of the flamingos every year. “Some of them are my old friends,” he says. 1．What makes Mr Ma start his second career? A．Finding a list of threatened species. B．Seeing an uncommon sight in his field. C．Coming across a certain bird unexpectedly. D．Knowing the way to increase the number of species. 2．Which of the following has the closest meaning to the underlined word in Para.3? A．repair. B．examination. C．competition. D．destruction. 3．What can be inferred from the text? A．The salt lake is environmentally friendly. B．The past base still makes lots of salt now. C．Mr Ma used to have a walk around lakes every morning. D．The environment of the salt lake is suitable for flamingos all year round now. 4．Which is the best title for the text? A．Mr Ma — from a Farmer to a Volunteer B．Mr Ma — a Loyal Guardian of Flamingos C．Mr Ma — an Expert on Threatened Species D．Mr Ma — the First Finder of Flamingos in China 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一个68岁的农民马红义，在山西运城盐湖巡逻并保护野生动物的故事。他因首次见到火烈鸟而开始投身于野生动物保护工作，并最终被当地政府聘为野生动物保护助手。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Ma still remembers the day when he first saw two big pink birds wandering through the water. I had never seen such pretty birds. “They were even taller than me, with long wings.” Ma recalls. He was later told that those birds were flamingos, an uncommon sight in China, which were listed on the International Union for Conservation of Nature’s Red List of Threatened Species (濒危物种) in 2013. From that day on, Ma started his second career as a volunteer to prevent human beings from doing harm to the wildlife.(马红义依然记得他第一次看到两只粉红色的大鸟在水中漫步的那天。“我从未见过如此美丽的鸟儿。它们甚至比我还高，翅膀长长的。”马红义回忆道。后来他得知，那些鸟是火烈鸟，在中国实属罕见，它们在2013年被列入国际自然保护联盟濒危物种红色名录。从那天起，马红义开启了他的第二份事业——成为一名志愿者，防止人类伤害这些野生动物。)”可知，马先生偶然遇见火烈鸟，之后开启了作为志愿者保护野生动物的第二职业。故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据划线单词上文“As the country began attaching greater importance to environmental protection, an ecological (生态的) protection and development center was set up in 2012 to carry out regular ecological protection and restoration of the lake. (随着国家对环境保护愈发重视，2012 年，当地设立了一个生态保护与发展中心，对盐湖进行定期的生态保护和restoration)”可推测，为了保护盐湖生态，设立相关中心对盐湖进行定期生态保护，由此可知，划线单词的意思和“修复”等相似。选项A“repair”，意为“修复”，与此相符。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第二段““The birds are attracted by the good environment,” Ma says. “I will do my best to protect the lake so that birds can come here every year.”(“鸟儿被这里良好的环境所吸引，”马红义说，“我会尽我所能保护这片湖泊，这样鸟儿们每年都能来这里。”)”以及文章第三段“The lake area boasts 292 types of wild animals, along with 782 plant varieties, some of which are newly recorded species in the country.(湖区拥有292种野生动物和782种植物，其中一些是国内新记录的物种。)”可知，火烈鸟等众多野生动物的出现以及丰富的植物种类都表明盐湖的生态环境良好，是环保的。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“After patrolling the lake as a volunteer for over four years, Ma was employed by the local government to help with wildlife protection in 2019.(在作为志愿者对盐湖进行了四年多的巡逻后，2019年，马红义受雇于当地政府，协助开展野生动物保护工作。)”以及全文内容可知，文章围绕马先生展开，他因看到火烈鸟开启保护野生动物的事业，无论是做志愿者还是后来受雇于政府，都致力于保护盐湖生态，守护火烈鸟等野生动物。选项B“Mr Ma — a Loyal Guardian of Flamingos”准确地体现了马先生的角色和主要事迹。故选B。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高一上·山西省太原市·期中） Once there were thousands of trees in a forest. Among them were two very good friends. They stood side by side. The same forest was the home of some tigers. Those tigers killed other animals living in that forest and ate them. A very bad smell often came out of the dead animals. One day, the two trees were talking. The first tree said, “These tigers are polluting our forest. We have to save our forest from them.” “Yes,” agreed the other tree. A wise old tree, who was listening to the friends, said, “They might be polluting the air. But they are keeping us safe from woodcutters.” But the two trees didn’t listen to the wise tree. They decided to frighten the animals away. That evening, the two trees started shaking violently (猛烈地) and laughed aloud. The whole forest echoed (发出回声) to their laughter. “Do not do that,” shouted the wise tree. But the two friends did not listen. They began moving in the wind and making loud noises. All the wild animals in the forest were scared. “There is something happening in the forest. Let’s run away,” they said. All the animals ran out of the forest. The tigers left, too. The two friends were happy. But their joy was short-lived. One day, a woodcutter came to the forest and started felling (砍伐) the trees. Soon there were other woodcutters. Seeing this, the wise tree said, “Now all of us will die.” The two friends cried out, “How foolish we have been! We should have listened to this wise tree.” 1．We can learn that the two trees ________. A．wanted to leave the forest B．were wiser than other trees C．didn’t like the tigers in the forest D．felt very sorry for the dead animals 2．What did the wise tree think of the tigers? A．They were very frightening. B．They were very dangerous. C．They killed too many animals. D．They could keep the forest safe. 3．Why did the two trees make loud noises? A．They were frightened. B．There were strong winds. C．They wanted to frighten the animals. D．They were happy and laughed aloud. 4．What happened after all the animals left the forest? A．All the trees lived happily there. B．Woodcutters came to cut down trees. C．The forest was polluted by something. D．The tigers still stayed there for the trees. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．C 4．B 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了森林里两棵树因讨厌老虎赶走所有动物，不听老树劝告。动物离开后，伐木工前来砍树，两棵树追悔莫及。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The first tree said, “These tigers are polluting our forest. We have to save our forest from them.”(。第一棵树说：“这些老虎正在污染我们的森林。我们必须从它们手中拯救我们的森林。”)”以及第三段中“They decided to frighten the animals away.( 它们决定把动物吓跑)”可知，这两棵树不喜欢森林里的老虎，它们觉得老虎污染了森林，想要把老虎等动物赶走。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“A wise old tree, who was listening to the friends, said, “They might be polluting the air. But they are keeping us safe from woodcutters.”( 一棵聪明的老树听了朋友们的话，说：“它们可能会污染空气。但是它们保护我们免受砍柴人的伤害。”)”可知，明智的老树认为老虎虽然可能污染空气，但能让树木免受伐木工人的伤害，也就是能保护森林的安全。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段中“They decided to frighten the animals away. That evening, the two trees started shaking violently and laughed aloud.(它们决定把动物吓跑。那天晚上，两棵树开始剧烈地摇晃，并大声笑了起来)”以及“They began moving in the wind and making loud noises. All the wild animals in the forest were scared.( 它们开始在风中移动，发出很大的声音。森林里所有的野生动物都很害怕)”可知，这两棵树发出很大的噪音是为了吓唬动物，让动物们离开森林。故选C项。 4．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“All the animals ran out of the forest. The tigers left, too.( 有的动物都跑出了森林。老虎也离开了)”以及最后一段中“The two friends were happy. But their joy was short-lived. One day, a woodcutter came to the forest and started felling the trees. Soon there were other woodcutters.( 两个朋友很高兴。但他们的快乐是短暂的。一天，一个樵夫来到森林里，开始砍伐树木。很快又出现了其他伐木工)”可知，动物们都离开森林后，伐木工人来了并开始砍伐树木。故选B项。 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题01 阅读理解 说明文 主题02 人与社会—— 文化与生活 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一上·山西省太原市·期中） Whether your garden is below a city window or in a big backyard, getting kids involved in, tending plants can be a powerful teaching tool for subjects like science, math, and reading. But the art of growing things can also develop important life skills in children. Being patient is something many children struggle with, but also helps a kid stay calm in stressful situations. Life is a mixture of immediate and delayed satisfaction, so children benefit from learning both. Good things come at the end of a growing season — like yummy fruit or pretty flowers — but kids have to wait for them. For longer-growth plants, kids can create a garden journal to document the progress of their young plants with words, drawings, or photos. Additionally, working in a garden helps children experience various sounds, smells, and sights. The various sense experiences — the feel and smell of dirt, the sound and sight of water — help them focus on the moment and bring calm to them. At that moment, “they realize they have the power to control their big feelings and thoughts,” says child therapist Jennifer Couture. More importantly, parents should encourage kids to zone out while they’re doing a task again and again such as watering or digging. This can allow their minds to go freely, helping them find a moment of peace. When kids realize that a garden is full of living things that need their help to survive, they can develop a sense of caring and thoughtfulness. Sometimes, a garden can also grow kindness, responsibility, and other values in kids. 1．How can kids learn to be patient from gardening? A．By reading a garden journal. B．By appreciating pretty things. C．By struggling with difficulties. D．By waiting for good things for long. 2．What can calm kids while they are gardening? A．Good self-control ability. B．Friendly family members. C．Various sense experiences. D．Beautiful natural environment. 3．What does the phrase “zone out” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Relax. B．Persist. C．Participate. D．Focus. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．The Process of Kids’ Gardening B．Ways to Grow Kids’ Learning Skills C．Kids’ Awareness of Protecting the Nature D．Gardening for Kids: More Than What You Know Passage 2 （24-25学年高一上·陕西省渭南市·期中） A bicycle may be seen by most people as just another vehicle (交通工具), but for many Londoners, cycling is a way of life. According to a UK government survey in 2017, about 570,000 bike journeys were made every day in London. In fact, almost half of the vehicles that pass over London Bridge each day are bikes. London introduced a public bike-sharing system. “There can be no doubt (怀疑，疑惑) that our trusty bicycles have changed the way people get around our great city,” Johnson told The Guardian. In London, bikes are used for more than just taking short trips to and from the subway (地铁站). No matter where you want to go in the city, riding a bike is usually the quickest and easiest choice. And it’s not just shared bikes that the government is encouraging people to ride. In many companies across the UK, the UK government’s Cycle to Work program allows workers to buy a brand new bike without having to pay any tax (税). This means that it’s common to see many people cycling to and from work, and some companies even provide showers and lockers in the workplaces for their workers. More importantly, a cycle-friendly boss may let you off for being late if you ride a bike to work. Not only is it great for the environment and our body, but cycling is also good for the mind. According to National Geographic Magazine, “Bike riding can improve people’s happiness.” 1．How does the author show the popularity of cycling in London? A．By using numbers. (列数据) B．By giving examples. (举例子) C．By making comparisons. (作比较) D．By using famous sayings. (用名言) 2．What’s Johnson’s attitude towards the bike-sharing system in London? A．Disappointed. B．Worried. C．Supportive. D．Doubtful. 3．What can workers get from the Cycle to Work program? A．Tax-free bikes. B．Shorter working hours. C．Free bike-sharing services. D．Showers and lockers in workplaces. 4．Which of the following can be the best title of the passage? A．Cycling, a healthy way of life B．London’s public bike-sharing system C．How cycling has become popular in London D．Why Londoners are encouraged to ride bikes Passage 3 （24-25学年高一上·陕西省榆林市·期中） Every year the Weifang International Kite Festival amazes visitors and netizens with innovative (创新的) kites, as “paper birds” of unimaginable designs keep appearing in the sky. This year, 622 kite artists from 59 countries and regions took part in the event. There were a variety of activities, including daylight and night kite shows, a kite flying competition, an exhibition of kite-themed creative artworks and so on. During the festival, visitors were amazed by many great and innovative kites on display. The longest one was a 280-meter-long Chinese dragon kite, while a 175-meter-long centipede kite took several people to control it while it was flying across the sky. Another giant kite, a whale, had to be flown by a team of a dozen men. Many kites contained elements (元素) of traditional Chinese culture. The 50-meter-long kite of a phoenix was something special, together with the seventh fairy from Chinese legend. Some people said the flying objects at the 40th Weifang International Kite Festival reminded them of the Thanksgiving Day Parade in New York, but they were hundreds of times bigger in scale and crazier. Compared with the past festivals, this year’s event was highlighted (突出) by many innovations by both experienced and young kite makers. The innovative kites presented this year brought many pleasant surprises to kite lovers all over the world, and will bring the people of China and other countries closer. 1．What does paragraph 3 mainly tell us about the kites? A．Their designers. B．Their price. C．Their shapes and sizes. D．Their tradition. 2．The Thanksgiving Day Parade is mentioned to say ______. A．kite flying competitors are from abroad. B．this year’s kite festival is impressive. C．it is the most popular in Western countries. D．it is as important as this year’s kite festival. 3．What sets this year’s kite festival apart from the past ones? A．Festival-goers. B．The number of kites. C．Creativity. D．Theme. 4．From which part of the website can you most probably read this text? A．Culture. B．Travel. C．Science. D．Education. 主题02 人与自我—— 丰富自我 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一上·陕西省咸阳市·期中） Traveling can be expensive. But there are some ways to save money when traveling. Try some of the advice below on your next vacation and your wallet will thank you. Look for city tourism cards. With the card, you can pay less at restaurants and shops. You don’t have to wait for a long time at busy attractions. You might even get free tickets to top tourist attractions. City tourism cards can save your money and time without question. Don’t get the best room. How long will you stay in your room? Will you just be sleeping there? Do you really need a bigger room with a good view (景色)? Find a hotel outside a city. It can help you save some money by choosing a hotel away from big tourist attractions, for you are always doing the same — go to the attractions and then return to your hotel to sleep. Book (预订) a room with a kitchen. Although some people might not like to cook while on vacation, I don’t mind making breakfast in my room. We always eat at a nice restaurant on our last night of the vacation. I’d rather eat breakfast and lunch at the hotel and then spend much money on a delicious supper. 1．With ________, you can pay less at restaurants and shops. A．ID cards B．tourism cards C．bank cards D．phone cards 2．The underlined words “tourist attractions” in Paragraph 2 mean ________. A．旅游方式 B．旅游设施 C．旅游手册 D．旅游景点 3．What does the passage mainly talk about? A．How to save money when traveling. B．How to get a tourism card. C．How to find a hotel outside a city. D．How to book a room on the Internet. Passage 2 （24-25学年高一上·山西省晋城市·期中） Memories of wonderful getaways live in our brains long after we return home. Here are some of the amazing destinations you can consider. Hilton Cancun (Cancun, Mexico) Enjoy tropical drinks and brilliant waterfront views in Hilton Cancun, with 12 food spots featuring regional dishes among its many offerings. Nightly events and happenings, like a typical Fiesta show, help ensure it’s a vacation everyone will remember. For the little ones, there’s a kid’s camp with themed parties and glow-in-the-dark activities that will keep them entertained until bedtime. Giraffe Manor (Nairobi, Kenya) There are only twelve rooms in this hotel and no two are the same. But that’s not what sets it apart from other resorts. As one of the capital city’s most symbolic buildings, the luxury (豪华的) hotel is located within the forest of Langata suburb of Nairobi. Tourists have a great chance to feed some animals, which is especially preferred by kids. Rates include accommodations, airport transport, all meals and most drinks. Club Med Da Balaia (Albufeira, Portugal) Known for its golf course and attractive beaches, this destination overlooks the Atlantic Ocean. The little ones will love the many on-site activities ranging from archery (射箭) and tennis to sailing on a traditional fishing boat. If you are feeling adventurous, book the yacht (快艇) for a day and explore the country’s southern coast ending with a seafood barbeque and a swim in the sea. Nickelodeon Hotels (Punta Cana, Dominican Republic) Free your inner child and give your own kids the vacation of their dreams! Tour the Pineapple Villa, meet your favorite Nick characters — like SpongeBob, Dora, and even Sky from PAW Patrol! — and even get slimed! Unique dining experiences like dining in “outer space” and trying the Machete Burger take this destination to the next level. At the end of the day, dance the night away at their white beach party! 1．What is unique about Giraffe Manor? A．It offers a variety of seafoods. B．Tourists can get access to animals. C．It has only a dozen different rooms. D．All activities are included in the rates. 2．Where is the destination with popular Nick characters? A．In Kenya. B．In Mexico. C．In Portugal. D．In Dominican Republic. 3．What do the four destinations have in common? A．They are adventurous. B．They are family friendly. C．They feature ancient culture. D．They have wonderful beaches. Passage 3 （24-25学年高一上·陕西省咸阳市·期中） Sure, it’s good to get along well with your teacher because it makes the time you spend in the classroom more pleasant. And yes, it’s good to get along well with your teacher because, in general, it’s smart to learn how to get along well with the different types of people you’ll meet throughout your life. In fact, kids who get along well with their teachers not only learn more, but they’re more comfortable with asking questions and getting extra help. This makes it easier for them to understand new materials and makes them do their best on tests. When you have this kind of relationship with a teacher, he or she can be someone to turn to with problems, such as problems with learning or school issues (问题). Here is a question: What if you don’t get along with your teachers? In fact, teachers want to get along well with you and enjoy seeing you learn. But teachers and students sometimes have personality clashes (个性冲突), which can happen between any two people. If you show your teacher that you want to make the situation better, he or she will probably do everything possible to make that happen. By dealing with a problem like this, you learn something about how to get along with people who are different from you. However, if a certain teacher isn’t your favorite, you can still have a successful relationship with him or her, if you take your basic responsibilities as a student. Here are some of those responsibilities: Attend class ready to learn. Be prepared for class with the right stationery, books, and completed homework. Listen when your teacher is talking. Do your best, whether it’s a classroom assignment, homework, or a test. 1．What will happen to you when getting along well with your teachers according to the passage? A．We will have no problems with study. B．We will get a better seat in the classroom. C．We will get the best scores in the exams. D．We will have more pleasant time in the classroom. 2．If you don’t like a certain teacher, what should you do according to the author? A．We should ignore the differences between the teacher and us. B．We should choose a new school. C．We should study harder on weekends. D．We should take our basic responsibilities as a student. 3．The passage is written for ________. A．teachers B．students C．parents D．graduates 4．What does the passage mainly talk about? A．Studying skills for students. B．The importance of a good relationship with your teachers. C．The importance of friendship in schools. D．Useful skills to get along well with your parents. 主题03人与自然——环保与防灾 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一上·甘肃兰州·期中） Josefa Marin went to New York from Mexico in 1987, supporting her daughter back home with the $140 a week she earned at a sweater factory. With that small income, she had to collect recyclables, trading in cans for five cents each. When the clothing factory closed down in the late 2000s, she became a full-time recycler, picking up cans and bottles to make ends meet. Marin’s story is not unique. Millions around the world make a living from picking through waste and reselling it — a vital role that keeps waste manageable. In New York City, the administrative department collects only about 28 percent of the cans that could be recycled. Rubbish collectors keep millions of additional recyclables out of landfills every year. Yet collectors are ruled out by government policies. The United States Supreme Court in 1988 stated that household garbage is public property once it’s on the street. That enables police to search rubbish for evidence, but that protection hasn’t always been extended to recyclers. And in places like New York City, which is testing city-owned locked containers to hide garbage from rats, containers are made clearly inaccessible for collectors. “There’s value in the waste, and we feel that value should belong to the people, not the city or the corporations”, says Ryan Castalia, director of a nonprofit recycling and community center in Brooklyn. Recognized or not, waste pickers have long been treated with disrespect. Marin recalls an occasion when someone living next to a building where she was collecting cans threw water at her. “Because I recycle it doesn’t mean I am less of a person than anyone else,” she says. Some governments are starting to realize that protecting the environment and humanity go hand in hand. The United Nation’s 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, for example, calls for an end to poverty and all the risks it brings. 1．What is the author’s purpose of telling about Marin? A．To highlight waste collectors’ role. B．To reflect laid-off workers’ hardship. C．To praise her devotion to her daughter. D．To show the seriousness of unemployment. 2．How does the author show the importance of waste pickers’ work? A．By contrasting. B．By citing reference. C．By giving definitions. D．By cause-effect analysis. 3．What would Marin agree with? A．Business is business. B．No job is noble or humble. C．The early bird catches worms. D．One good turn deserves another. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．The Legal Battles Over Public Garbage Ownership B．The History of Recycling Laws in the United States C．The Rise of Corporate Recycling Programs in New York D．The Struggles and Contributions of New York’s Recyclers Passage 2 （24-25学年高一上·山西省朔州市·期中） Earthquakes are something that people fear. There are some places that have few or no earthquakes. Most places in the world, however, have them regularly (有规律地). Countries that have a lot of earthquakes are usually quite mountainous. The most talked about earthquake in the United States was in San Francisco in 1906. Over 700 people died in it. The strongest one in North America was in 1964. It happened in Alaska. Strong earthquakes are not always the ones that kill the most people. In 1755, one of the strongest earthquakes ever recorded was felt in Portugal. Around 2000 people died. In 1923, a very strong earthquake hit Tokyo, the Yokohama area of Japan. A hundred and forty thousand people died. Most of them died in fires which followed the earthquake. One of the worst earthquakes ever was in China in 1976. It killed a large number of people. The worst earthquake ever recorded was also in China, in which about 80 000 people were killed or injured. This earthquake happened in 2008. Earthquakes worry people a lot. The reason is that we often do not know when they are coming. People can not prepare for it. 1．Earthquakes happen ________. A．in all the places in the world B．only in the countries that have a lot of mountains C．regularly in most places in the world D．only in a few places along the mountains 2．How many people died in the earthquake which happened in Portugal in 1755？ A．About 500. B．About 140 000. C．About 400 000. D．About 2000. 3．When and where was the worst earthquake ever recorded？ A．1964; Alaska. B．2008; China. C．1923; Japan. D．1976; China. 4．According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true? A．The stronger the earthquake is, the more people are killed. B．Earthquakes can cause fires. C．People still don’t know how to tell when an earthquake will come. D．Earthquakes often come unexpectedly (出乎意料地). Passage 3 （24-25学年高一上·山西省·期中） Rodrigo Botero Garcia, a Colombian environmentalist, won Stanford University’s Bright Award for Environmental Sustainability (可持续性). The award honors outstanding efforts in sustainability. Botero received this prize for his work in saving big areas of rainforest in the Amazon and encouraging sustainable development. The Bright Award focuses on a different global region each year. Winners are selected by a team of Stanford students and professors, led by Professor Barton Thompson, an expert in natural resources law. Thompson highlighted the unique features of the award, including students’ involvement. He said, “To me, this is quite important because it is our students who are going to be the next generation of problem solvers, the next generation of those who are going to lead the way towards sustainability.” Botero has spent over ten years fighting against deforestation and supporting local communities in the Amazon. He started the Conservation and Sustainable Development Foundation in 2011. This organization has helped protect millions of hectares of land and expand (扩大) Colombia’s Chiribiquete National Park, a UNESCO World Heritage site. Botero’s work also includes discussing with various groups such as officials, the army, and the locals. He stressed the importance of building trust in these discussions and putting oneself in the shoes of others. “By listening to others and understanding their struggles, we can find common ground,” he said. Despite progress, he faced challenges from groups unwilling to compromise (妥协). “Numerous environmental leaders in Colombia, the Amazon, Latin America and beyond, are facing threats to their safety and lives,” Botero said. “I believe that this prize is important to honor their courage and to remind me to continue the work, both for those who are still with us and for those who are not here, for the benefit of our children and future generations to create a better world.” 1．Why did Botero receive the Bright Award? A．For developing a new wildlife park. B．For leading a research team at Stanford. C．For protecting the Amazon rainforest. D．For helping students from poor families. 2．Who played a part in selecting the prize winner? A．Soldiers. B．Officials. C．Local farmers. D．Stanford students. 3．What did Botero say about the environmental work in Colombia? A．It’s easy. B．It’s risky. C．It’s profitable. D．It’s confusing. 4．Which of the following best describes Botero? A．Creative. B．Humorous. C．Light-hearted. D．Strong-willed. 主题01 人与社会—— 社会文化与人际 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·陕西省汉中市·期中） It is often said that you can’t have too many friends. But it seems that there is a natural limit to the number of people we stay in touch with. A study found that when we make new friends, by starting a new job or going to university, we downgrade or even drop old ones. And while the friends may change, the number stays almost the same. Oxford University researcher Felix Reed-Tsochas asked 24 students in the final months of school to list all their friends and relatives and say how close to them they were. The students filled in the questionnaire (问卷)twice more after starting work or going to university. They were also given free mobile phones and agreed that researchers could use their bills to work out who they called, when and for how long. Putting the two pieces of information together showed, unsurprisingly, that most people have a small circle of close friends, who they spend most of their time talking to. This inner circle is surrounded by group after group of ever more distant friends. As the volunteers’ lives changed, this overall pattern, including the number of best friends, remained almost the same, meaning that some close friends from childhood were dropped or downgraded as new friendships were built. Dr Reed-Tsochas said, “Maybe my best friend is no longer the same person but the amount of time I allocate(分配)to my best friend is still the same.” He added that this finding suggests that even with the coming of modern technology we are only capable of forming a limited number of true friendships. Chester University researcher Dr Sam Roberts said, “Our results are likely to reflect limitations in the ability of humans to keep emotionally close relationships both because of limited time and because the emotional capital(情绪资本)that individuals can allocate between family members and friends is limited.” 1．Which is a method Dr Reed-Tsochas used in his study? A．Checking the volunteers’ call records. B．Learning about the volunteers’ hobbies. C．Tracking the volunteers’ job performance. D．Interviewing the volunteers’ schoolmates. 2．What did the researchers find from the study? A．One’s attitude to friendships remains the same. B．People attach great importance to friendships. C．People rarely drop their old friends to make new ones. D．The number of one’s best friends doesn’t change much. 3．What is the function of the last paragraph? A．To add background information. B．To give a possible explanation. C．To offer some suggestions. D．To introduce a new topic. 4．Where can you read the passage? A．In a travel magazine. B．In a math textbook. C．In a personal diary. D．In a newspaper. Passage 2 （24-25学年高一上·陕西省汉中市·期中） You don’t get a second chance to make a first impression — this was the theme of this year’s International Public Speaking Competition (IPSC). Thirty-three young speakers aged 16 to 20 from around the world gathered at The English Speaking Union to tell their stories, including Wu Dongxu, 19, a student from China. Wu Dongxu saw the differences and similarities between Chinese and foreign cultures through the competition. Apart from the obvious differences in food, transportation and climate, what impressed Wu most was the different styles of Chinese and foreign public speaking. Although still a teen, Wu is no stranger to the public speaking podium (讲台). He has participated in many speaking competitions since 2017. But on the stage of the IPSC, speakers had no po dium to stand behind. They just had to face the audience. “This was the first time that I gave a speech without a podium, which made me realize how important eye contact and body language are, ” said Wu. “It also gave me more freedom to show more information with my body language instead of just with words. ” Another difference that caught Wu's attention was the evaluation criteria (评价标准). To his surprise, in the IPSC, accents and grammatical mistakes are not considered in the evaluation process. It is the story itself that matters most instead of pronunciation, fluency and quality of language. “Audiences are eager to hear powerful stories, no matter where they are from. That's because the emotions expressed in them are shared by all human beings although there are the cultural differences. ” said Wu. “Diversity (多样性), respect, tolerance and understanding — these are what the IPSC really wants to stress and spread. ” 1．How many students gathered at The English Speaking Union this year according to the passage? A．16. B．19. C．20. D．33. 2．What left Wu Dongxu the deepest impression? A．The food culture. B．The public speaking styles. C．The climate. D．The transportation means. 3．What can we learn about the IPSC? A．Speakers are allowed to use podiums. B．Only adults can take part in the IPSC． C．Body language plays an important part. D．Language quality is considered the most important. 4．What is Wu Dongxu’s attitude towards the IPSC? A．Supportive. B．Doubtful. C．Worried. D．Opposed. Passage 3 （24-25学年高一上·陕西省咸阳市·期中） Are you attracted to faraway places? Do you prefer a vacation away from other tourists? Are you careful to take only memories and to leave only footprints? If you answered yes to more than one of these questions, you just might be an ecotourist (生态旅游者). Ecotourists are people who want to experience the natural world without damage and leave it that way when they return home. This started in the 1990s and ecotourism is now growing three times faster than the tourism industry at large. The Ecuador’s remote Amazon Basin (盆地) is leading to that enlarging, and it gives tourists a snapshot of what ecotourism looks like. At the Ecolodge, a small group of small houses sit Kapawi Ecolodge in the middle of the Achuar people’s reserve (保护区) and are only accessible by air. From here, visitors can explore parts of the Amazon rainforest seen by few outsiders. As they do, local Achuar guides explain how the forest is like their supermarket, where they find food, clothing, medicine and tools. As a result, tourists learn to enjoy the local culture as well as the natural environment. The owners of Kapawi pay monthly rent to the Achuar people, but they also train the community to run and manage the lodge. They have agreed on a plan to turn the operation over to the Achuar completely by 2011. The owners are working to make ecotourism benefit and empower the local people. You probably won’t start your own ecolodge (生态旅馆), but you can be an ecotourist if you follow these guidelines: Protect the environment; Support local businesses; Respect the local customs and traditions. The world is full of fascinating places to visit. As an ecotourist, you can enjoy them yourself and make sure that they remain beautiful for future generations as well. 1．According to the text, the ecotourists should be ______. A．those who like to go to their travelling places by cars. B．those who like an easily-remembered natural environment C．those who prefer a natural world which is what it used to be D．those who prefer unique natural environment of cultural relics 2．Which word is closest to the underlined word “snapshot” in Paragraph 2? A．Idea. B．Chance. C．Purpose. D．Adventure. 3．At the Kapawi Ecolodge, visitors can’t ______. A．reach there by air B．live in the Achua r reserve C．explore the Amazon rainforest D．see many travelers from outside 4．What can we learn from the text? A．The owners of Kapawi are the Achuar who are in favor of ecotourism. B．The owners encourage tourists to enjoy the Achuar culture. C．The Achuar people have gained a lot by collecting money from ecotourists. D．The Kapawi Ecolodge will still run and manage the hotel after 2011. 主题02 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·陕西省榆林市·期中） Imagine staying in the icy wilderness of Antarctica, cut off from the rest of the world, with only a small group of scientists. Such a group might be expected to develop a culture of its own, but would that develop a new shared accent (口音)? As part of the project to explain the spoken accent development, a group of researchers led by Jonathan Harrington, professor of phonetics and speech processing at the Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, started the study. The researchers studied a group of 11 scientists spending six months on an island just west of the Antarctic Peninsula. The scientists were from several countries, including the US, the UK, Iceland and Germany. As part of the study, they had to record themselves reading a list of vocabularies from a computer screen every few weeks. The list included words with vowel (元音) sounds /i:/, /u:/ and / əʊ/ that have been found to change over time in different English accents. The recordings were then sent to researchers. When the recordings were studied, the researchers found that the pronunciation of words with an /əʊ/ sound— such as “flow,” “code” and “sew”— had changed a little over the six months. The scientists began to pronounce it more toward the front of their mouths than toward the back. (British pronunciations are already typically fronter than American /əʊ/.) The researchers believe it shows the development of a new accent among the scientists. Harrington said, “When we speak to each other, we remember that speech, and then that has an influence on our own speech production.” While only small changes were recorded, the researchers believe the experiment helps to explain how different accents are created among enclosed (封闭的) communities — and may help us know why American and British English have developed as they have. 1．What were the scientists expected to do during the study? A．Tell stories. B．Show pictures. C．Make sentences. D．Read and record words. 2．Which word’s pronunciation may change in the enclosed community in the study? A．Show. B．Egg. C．Cup. D．Hat. 3．Which of the following do the researchers agree with concerning the finding? A．It proves life in Antarctica is difficult. B．It uncovers the connection of vowel sounds. C．It helps build communications among people with different accents. D．It may explain American and British English’s development. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Different Accents Around the World. B．The Development of English Language. C．Does a New Accent Form Among Enclosed Communities? D．What Would Scientists’ Daily Life Be Like in Antarctica? Passage 2 （24-25学年高一上·宁夏银川·期中） If you want to become a fluent English speaker, you should take some advice: there are four skills in learning English. They are listening, speaking, reading and writing. The most important thing you must remember is that if you want to improve your speaking and writing skills, you should first master the skills of reading and listening. Read as much as you can. But your reading must be active. It means that you must think about the meaning of the sentences, the meaning of the unfamiliar words, etc. There is no need for you to pay much attention to grammar or try to understand all the unfamiliar words you encounter, but the fact you see them for the first time and recognize them whenever you see them, for example in other passages or books, is enough. It would be better to prepare yourself a notebook so you can write down the important words or sentences in it. As for listening, there are two choices: besides reading, you can listen every day for about 30 minutes. You can only pay attention to your reading and become skillful at your reading, then you can catch up on your listening. Since you have lots of inputs in your mind, you can easily guess what the speaker is going to say. This never means that you should not practice listening. For listening, you can listen to cartoons or some movies that are specially made for children. Their languages are easy. Or if you are good at listening, you can listen to VOA or BBC programs every day. Again the thing to remember is being active in listening and preferably taking some notes. If you follow these pieces of advice, your speaking and writing will improve automatically, and you can be sure that with a little effort they will become perfect. 1．According to the author, which should you improve first among the four skills? A．Reading and listening. B．Reading and writing. C．Writing and speaking. D．Speaking and listening. 2．To improve your reading, when you read, you should ________. A．look up all the new words in the dictionary B．think about what you are reading actively C．spend more time studying grammar D．copy as many words and sentences as possible 3．What does the underlined word “encounter” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Meet by accident. B．Wind up. C．Lose on purpose. D．Look for. 4．Which of the following may the author agree with? A．Everyone should listen to VOA or BBC programs every day. B．You needn’t practice listening if you keep in reading every day. C．Being good at reading is helpful in improving your listening. D．You should take notes of whatever you are hearing. Passage 3 （24-25学年高一上·陕西省渭南市·期中） You may not know a lot of people when you start senior high school. Maybe your friends from junior high school are going to a different senior high school. Even if you know other freshmen (一年级学生), you still feel anxious that you don’t know any upperclassmen. How are you going to make friends among this sea of unknown faces? Most senior high schools hold the freshman orientation (迎新会) before school actually starts. It is helpful because you not only learn your way around the building but also get to meet some of your teachers and fellow freshmen. That way, when you show up on your first day of school, you may already recognize a few familiar faces. When you talk to people at orientation, you’ll probably find that a lot of them are feeling just like you are. They’re all new to the school and don’t know what to expect. Talking about a common concern with your classmates can help you develop friendships. The work in senior high school is something freshmen are probably worried about. It builds on what you learned in junior high school, giving you a more advanced (高深的) knowledge of many subjects. So you may find you have more work to do or that it’s a bit more challenging. If you ever find your work too difficult, teachers can give you extra help. Senior high school also has more after-school activities than junior high school, such as clubs, music and theater groups and sports teams. This is a good time to explore your interests and try new things. Junior high school taught you the basics of time management and social skills while providing you with a little extra support and guidance. Senior high school gives you the chance to learn how to be more independent and responsible. 1．How do the freshmen usually feel on their first day of senior high school? A．Proud. B．Nervous. C．Excited. D．Curious. 2．What are freshmen probably worried about? A．The learning task. B．The ability to make friends. C．The freshman orientation. D．The relationship with teachers. 3．What do after-school activities mainly help students to do? A．Develop friendships. B．Develop their interests. C．Build up their strength. D．Improve their learning ability. 4．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．What you’ll learn in senior high school. B．What you learned in junior high school. C．The difference between junior high school and senior high school. D．The importance of being more independent and responsible. 主题03 人与自然—— 环保 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·宁夏银川·期中） Since November 2022, ChatGPT has drawn the world’s attention, showing millions of users around the globe the amazing power of AI. Asking ChatGPT4, an AI chatbot, to write a 100-word email might take just a few seconds. However, this causes great environmental problems. The biggest problem is the water the AI chatbot uses in its lifetime. Once turned on, AI equipment (设备) gets very hot and depends on cold water from cooling towers to remove the heat. According to The Washington Post, for every 100-word email that it creates, ChatGPT4 needs 519 milliliters of water, or a little more than a bottle. Each year, ChatGPT4 uses over 435 million liters of water for writing emails alone— enough to support a US family for 1,050years or enough to plant a forest of 2,050 acres. Meanwhile, AI needs electricity. The Washington Post noted that writing a 100-word email requires 0.14 kilowatt-hours of electricity, which can power 14 LED lights for one hour. Every year in the US, ChatGPT4 uses up more than 120,000 megawatt-hours of power just to help write working emails. This is enough to support all homes in Washington DC for 20 days. That’s not all. An AI chatbot’s “carbon (碳) footprint” starts long before the chatbot gets the public. For example, training ChatGPT3 produced around 502 tons of carbon. This is the same as driving 112 cars for a year, according to Shirin Dora, a researcher at Loughborough University in the UK. Now, businesses are looking for different ways to make AI more environmentally friendly. Microsoft uses cold metal plates with pipes of cold water to cool equipment, which reduces water usage. Renewable energy is also helpful, for example, Tencent’s data center in Tianjin is powered by solar energy (太阳能). 1．What is the main environmental issue caused by AI chatbots? A．Noise pollution. B．Water overuse. C．Deforestation. D．Digital waste. 2．How is the environmental problem of AI explained in the text? A．By listing numbers. B．By quoting experts. C．By presenting the causes. D．By making a prediction. 3．Why is Tencent’s data center mentioned in the last paragraph? A．To show the use of renewable energy in AI. B．To list the advantages of traditional energy. C．To highlight the high electricity waste of AI. D．To compare the water usage of different AI products. 4．What is the text mainly talking about? A．The wide application of AI chatbots. B．The effects of AI on people’s daily life. C．The solutions to making AI much greener. D．The environmental problems brought by AI. Passage 2 （24-25学年高一上·山西省太原市·期中） Every day as the sun rises, Ma Hongyi, a 68-year-old farmer, can be seen patrolling (巡逻) Yuncheng Salt Lake with his dog in Yuncheng City, North China’s Shanxi Province. Ma still remembers the day when he first saw two big pink birds wandering through the water. I had never seen such pretty birds. “They were even taller than me, with long wings.” Ma recalls. He was later told that those birds were flamingos, an uncommon sight in China, which were listed on the International Union for Conservation of Nature’s Red List of Threatened Species (濒危物种) in 2013. From that day on, Ma started his second career as a volunteer to prevent human beings from doing harm to the wildlife. “The birds are attracted by the good environment,” Ma says. “I will do my best to protect the lake so that birds can come here every year.” Yuncheng Salt Lake covers an area of 132 square kilometers and used to serve as a salt production base. As the country began attaching greater importance to environmental protection, an ecological (生态的) protection and development center was set up in 2012 to carry out regular ecological protection and restoration of the lake. “The greatest value of the salt lake lies in its ecology, which should be properly protected,” says Chu Xianghao, head of the city. The lake area boasts 292 types of wild animals, along with 782 plant varieties, some of which are newly recorded species in the country. After patrolling the lake as a volunteer for over four years, Ma was employed by the local government to help with wildlife protection in 2019. “The lake’s ecology is getting better,”Ma says, adding that he looks forward to the arrival of the flamingos every year. “Some of them are my old friends,” he says. 1．What makes Mr Ma start his second career? A．Finding a list of threatened species. B．Seeing an uncommon sight in his field. C．Coming across a certain bird unexpectedly. D．Knowing the way to increase the number of species. 2．Which of the following has the closest meaning to the underlined word in Para.3? A．repair. B．examination. C．competition. D．destruction. 3．What can be inferred from the text? A．The salt lake is environmentally friendly. B．The past base still makes lots of salt now. C．Mr Ma used to have a walk around lakes every morning. D．The environment of the salt lake is suitable for flamingos all year round now. 4．Which is the best title for the text? A．Mr Ma — from a Farmer to a Volunteer B．Mr Ma — a Loyal Guardian of Flamingos C．Mr Ma — an Expert on Threatened Species D．Mr Ma — the First Finder of Flamingos in China Passage 3 （24-25学年高一上·山西省太原市·期中） Once there were thousands of trees in a forest. Among them were two very good friends. They stood side by side. The same forest was the home of some tigers. Those tigers killed other animals living in that forest and ate them. A very bad smell often came out of the dead animals. One day, the two trees were talking. The first tree said, “These tigers are polluting our forest. We have to save our forest from them.” “Yes,” agreed the other tree. A wise old tree, who was listening to the friends, said, “They might be polluting the air. But they are keeping us safe from woodcutters.” But the two trees didn’t listen to the wise tree. They decided to frighten the animals away. That evening, the two trees started shaking violently (猛烈地) and laughed aloud. The whole forest echoed (发出回声) to their laughter. “Do not do that,” shouted the wise tree. But the two friends did not listen. They began moving in the wind and making loud noises. All the wild animals in the forest were scared. “There is something happening in the forest. Let’s run away,” they said. All the animals ran out of the forest. The tigers left, too. The two friends were happy. But their joy was short-lived. One day, a woodcutter came to the forest and started felling (砍伐) the trees. Soon there were other woodcutters. Seeing this, the wise tree said, “Now all of us will die.” The two friends cried out, “How foolish we have been! We should have listened to this wise tree.” 1．We can learn that the two trees ________. A．wanted to leave the forest B．were wiser than other trees C．didn’t like the tigers in the forest D．felt very sorry for the dead animals 2．What did the wise tree think of the tigers? A．They were very frightening. B．They were very dangerous. C．They killed too many animals. D．They could keep the forest safe. 3．Why did the two trees make loud noises? A．They were frightened. B．There were strong winds. C．They wanted to frighten the animals. D．They were happy and laughed aloud. 4．What happened after all the animals left the forest? A．All the trees lived happily there. B．Woodcutters came to cut down trees. C．The forest was polluted by something. D．The tigers still stayed there for the trees. 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $