Unit 3 Sea exploration 期末词汇拓展短语背记（二）清单-2024-2025学年高中英语人教版选择性必修第四册

该高中英语单元词汇拓展清单系统梳理了选择性必修4 Unit 3“海洋探索”主题的核心短语，涵盖海洋科技设备、海洋环境与生物、历史探险人物及相关动词短语四大知识范畴，为学生搭建了从“基础术语认知”到“情境应用拓展”再到“跨文化理解”的阶梯式学习支架。 清单通过分类整合与多维度关联构建知识体系，如将“capsule”拓展为太空舱、药片胶囊、胶囊酒店三类语境短语，培养学生的语言能力。每个短语配备中英对照例句，如“manned submersible”结合“蛟龙号”实例，融入文化意识。特别设计“一词多义对比”和“动词短语搭配表”，如“exploit”区分开发资源、剥削某人、利用机会的用法，帮助不同基础学生高效记忆，教师可据此设计情境教学活动，提升课堂实效。

人教版 选择性必修4 Unit 3 Sea exploration.期末词汇拓展短语背记（二） 序号 短语或句型 意思 例句（中英对照） 1 manned spaceship 载人宇宙飞船 1. China successfully launched the manned spaceship Shenzhou XIII in 2021.（中国于2021年成功发射神舟十三号载人宇宙飞船。）2. Astronauts live and work in a manned spaceship during space missions.（宇航员在太空任务期间在载人宇宙飞船里生活和工作。） 2 manned submarine 载人潜水艇 1. The manned submarine can dive to a depth of 5,000 meters.（这艘载人潜水艇能下潜到5000米深的海底。）2. Scientists use manned submarines to study deep-sea creatures.（科学家用载人潜水艇研究深海生物。） 3 manned mission 载人任务 1. The country is preparing for a new manned mission to the moon.（该国正为新的月球载人任务做准备。）2. A lot of training is needed for astronauts before a manned mission.（载人任务前，宇航员需要接受大量训练。） 4 manned submersible 载人潜水器 1. Jiaolong, China’s manned submersible, has explored many deep-sea areas.（中国的载人潜水器“蛟龙号”已探索了多个深海区域。）2. The manned submersible is equipped with advanced observation tools.（这艘载人潜水器配备了先进的观测工具。） 5 deep-sea submersible 深海潜水器 1. The deep-sea submersible can withstand high pressure under the sea.（深海潜水器能承受海底的高压。）2. Researchers used a deep-sea submersible to collect samples from the seabed.（研究人员用深海潜水器从海底采集样本。） 6 unmanned submersible 无人潜水器 1. Unmanned submersibles are often used for dangerous deep-sea explorations.（无人潜水器常被用于危险的深海探索。）2. The team sent an unmanned submersible to survey the underwater ruins.（该团队派出无人潜水器勘测水下遗迹。） 7 underwater world 水下世界 1. Documentaries about the underwater world help us know more about marine life.（关于水下世界的纪录片帮助我们更多地了解海洋生物。）2. Snorkeling allows tourists to get close to the colorful underwater world.（浮潜让游客能近距离接触多彩的水下世界。） 8 swim underwater 在水下游泳 1. He can swim underwater for more than two minutes.（他能在水下游泳超过两分钟。）2. When you swim underwater, remember to hold your breath properly.（在水下游泳时，记得正确憋气。） 9 underwater camera 水下相机 1. She used an underwater camera to take photos of coral reefs.（她用水下相机拍摄珊瑚礁的照片。）2. This underwater camera can work normally at a depth of 100 meters.（这款水下相机能在100米深的水下正常工作。） 10 space capsule 太空舱 1. The space capsule carrying astronauts landed safely in the desert.（载有宇航员的太空舱在沙漠中安全着陆。）2. The space capsule is designed to protect astronauts from space radiation.（太空舱的设计旨在保护宇航员免受太空辐射。） 11 medicine capsule 药片胶囊 1. This medicine capsule should be taken with warm water.（这种药片胶囊需用温水送服。）2. The doctor told her to take one medicine capsule every morning.（医生嘱咐她每天早上服用一粒药片胶囊。） 12 capsule hotel 胶囊酒店 1. Capsule hotels are popular among travelers who want to save money.（胶囊酒店在想省钱的旅行者中很受欢迎。）2. He stayed in a capsule hotel near the train station for one night.（他在火车站附近的一家胶囊酒店住了一晚。） 13 coral reef 珊瑚礁 1. Coral reefs are called “the rainforests of the sea” because they are rich in life.（珊瑚礁被称为“海洋热带雨林”，因为它们充满生机。）2. Pollution and global warming are damaging coral reefs around the world.（污染和全球变暖正在破坏全球的珊瑚礁。） 14 protect coral 保护珊瑚 1. We should protect coral by reducing the use of plastic products.（我们应通过减少塑料制品的使用来保护珊瑚。）2. Local governments have made laws to protect coral in coastal areas.（地方政府已制定法律保护沿海地区的珊瑚。） 15 coral bleaching 珊瑚白化 1. Coral bleaching happens when the sea temperature rises too much.（海水温度过高时会发生珊瑚白化。）2. Scientists are studying ways to prevent coral bleaching.（科学家正在研究防止珊瑚白化的方法。） 16 bird migration 鸟类迁徙 1. Every autumn, we can see bird migration in wetland parks.（每年秋天，我们能在湿地公园看到鸟类迁徙。）2. Bird migration is a natural behavior for many species to find food.（鸟类迁徙是许多物种为寻找食物而进行的自然行为。） 17 migration to cities 向城市迁移 1. Migration to cities has led to the development of urban areas.（向城市迁移推动了城区的发展。）2. Many young people choose migration to cities for better job opportunities.（许多年轻人为了更好的工作机会选择向城市迁移。） 18 animal migration 动物迁徙 1. Animal migration usually happens with the change of seasons.（动物迁徙通常随着季节的变化而发生。）2. We learned about animal migration, such as wildebeest migration in Africa, in biology class.（生物课上我们学习了动物迁徙，比如非洲的角马迁徙。） 19 phone directory 电话号码簿 1. Before the Internet, people used phone directories to find others’ phone numbers.（在互联网出现前，人们用电话号码簿查找他人的电话号码。）2. She found the restaurant’s phone number in the local phone directory.（她在当地电话号码簿里找到了这家餐厅的电话。） 20 computer directory 计算机目录 1. You can store your photos in a new computer directory.（你可以把照片存放在一个新的计算机目录里。）2. The teacher taught us how to create and manage a computer directory.（老师教我们如何创建和管理计算机目录。） 21 business directory 企业名录 1. He found the contact information of the company in a business directory.（他在企业名录里找到了这家公司的联系方式。）2. This business directory includes information about local shops and factories.（这本企业名录包含当地商店和工厂的信息。） 22 meanwhile, ... 与此同时，…… 1. My mom was cooking dinner; meanwhile, I was doing my homework.（妈妈在做晚饭，与此同时，我在写作业。）2. The team was preparing for the match; meanwhile, their coach was studying the opponent’s strategy.（球队在准备比赛，与此同时，他们的教练在研究对手的战术。） 23 in the meanwhile 在此期间 1. The repair will take two hours; in the meanwhile, you can wait in the waiting room.（维修需要两小时，在此期间，你可以在等候室等待。）2. He went to buy tickets; in the meanwhile, we kept our seats.（他去买票了，在此期间，我们占着座位。） 24 meanwhile (for contrast) （对比之下）与此同时 1. City life is busy; meanwhile, country life is more peaceful.（城市生活很忙碌，对比之下，乡村生活更宁静。）2. She likes reading quietly; meanwhile, her brother enjoys outdoor sports.（她喜欢安静地读书，对比之下，她的弟弟喜欢户外运动。） 25 exploit resources 开发资源 1. We should exploit resources in a sustainable way to protect the environment.（我们应可持续地开发资源，以保护环境。）2. The country has started to exploit renewable resources like wind and solar energy.（该国已开始开发风能、太阳能等可再生资源。） 26 exploit sb. 剥削某人 1. It is illegal to exploit child labor in most countries.（在大多数国家，剥削童工是违法的。）2. The workers protested against being exploited by the factory owner.（工人们抗议被工厂老板剥削。） 27 exploit opportunities 利用机会 1. She tried her best to exploit opportunities to improve her English.（她尽力利用机会提高自己的英语水平。）2. Successful people know how to exploit opportunities when they come.（成功的人知道如何在机会来临时利用机会。） 28 a gallon of 一加仑…… 1. She bought a gallon of milk from the supermarket this morning.（今天早上她从超市买了一加仑牛奶。）2. The car can run 30 miles on a gallon of gasoline.（这辆车一加仑汽油能行驶30英里。） 29 two gallons 两加仑 1. The recipe requires two gallons of water to cook the soup.（这个食谱需要两加仑水来煮汤。）2. He filled the bucket with two gallons of clean water.（他往桶里装了两加仑清水。） 30 gallon of gasoline 一加仑汽油 1. The price of a gallon of gasoline has increased recently.（最近一加仑汽油的价格上涨了。）2. We need to buy three gallons of gasoline for the road trip.（这次公路旅行我们需要买三加仑汽油。） 31 commit murder 犯谋杀罪 1. He was sentenced to life in prison for committing murder.（他因犯谋杀罪被判处终身监禁。）2. The police are still investigating who committed the murder last night.（警方仍在调查昨晚是谁犯了谋杀罪。） 32 murder sb. 谋杀某人 1. The man admitted to murdering his business partner for money.（这个男人承认为了钱谋杀了他的商业伙伴。）2. The novel tells a story about a woman who tried to murder her husband.（这本小说讲述了一个女人试图谋杀丈夫的故事。） 33 attempted murder 谋杀未遂 1. He was charged with attempted murder because he failed to kill the victim.（他因未能杀死受害者而被控谋杀未遂。）2. The court sentenced him to 10 years in prison for attempted murder.（法庭因谋杀未遂判处他10年监禁。） 34 show mercy to sb. 对某人表示仁慈 1. The king showed mercy to the prisoner and set him free.（国王对囚犯表示仁慈，释放了他。）2. We should show mercy to animals and not hurt them.（我们应对动物表示仁慈，不要伤害它们。） 35 at the mercy of 受……支配 1. Without an umbrella, we were at the mercy of the heavy rain.（没有伞，我们受暴雨支配，无处可躲。）2. Small boats are at the mercy of strong winds and waves.（小船受大风大浪支配，难以掌控。） 36 beg for mercy 求饶 1. The thief knelt down and begged for mercy when he was caught.（小偷被抓时跪下来求饶。）2. The enemy soldiers had to beg for mercy after they lost the battle.（敌军士兵战败后不得不求饶。） 37 personal possessions 个人财产 1. She packed her personal possessions, like clothes and books, before moving.（搬家前，她打包了衣服、书籍等个人财产。）2. The hotel is not responsible for the loss of guests’ personal possessions.（酒店对客人个人财产的丢失不负责。） 38 in possession of 拥有…… 1. He is in possession of a rare collection of stamps.（他拥有一套珍贵的邮票收藏品。）2. The company is in possession of the latest technology in this field.（该公司拥有该领域的最新技术。） 39 take possession of 占有；取得……所有权 1. They will take possession of the new house next month.（他们下个月将取得新房子的所有权。）2. The team took possession of the ball and started to attack.（球队控球并开始进攻。） 40 political opponent 政治对手 1. The president debated with his political opponent on TV.（总统在电视上与他的政治对手辩论。）2. He respected his political opponent even though they had different views.（尽管观点不同，他仍尊重他的政治对手。） 41 defeat an opponent 击败对手 1. The tennis player worked hard to defeat her opponent in the final.（这位网球选手努力在决赛中击败了对手。）2. Our team needs a better strategy to defeat the opponent in the next game.（我们队需要更好的战术才能在下次比赛中击败对手。） 42 sports opponent 体育对手 1. He shook hands with his sports opponent after the match, showing respect.（比赛后，他与体育对手握手，以示尊重。）2. My sports opponent is very strong, but I will try my best.（我的体育对手很强，但我会尽力。） 43 keep a log 记日志 1. She likes to keep a travel log to record her experiences.（她喜欢记旅行日志，记录自己的经历。）2. The scientist kept a log of the experiment results every day.（科学家每天记录实验结果日志。） 44 log in 登录（计算机术语） 1. You need to log in with your username and password to use the system.（你需要用用户名和密码登录才能使用这个系统。）2. He forgot to log in to his email account this morning.（今天早上他忘了登录自己的邮箱账号。） 45 log out 退出登录（计算机术语） 1. Remember to log out of your account when using a public computer.（使用公共电脑时，记得退出账号登录。）2. She logged out of the game and went to do her homework.（她退出游戏登录，去写作业了。） 46 marine life 海洋生物 1. Overfishing has a bad effect on marine life.（过度捕捞对海洋生物有不良影响。）2. We saw many kinds of marine life, like dolphins and turtles, during the boat trip.（乘船旅行时，我们看到了海豚、海龟等多种海洋生物。） 47 marine environment 海洋环境 1. Protecting the marine environment is important for human survival.（保护海洋环境对人类生存很重要。）2. The government has taken actions to reduce pollution in the marine environment.（政府已采取行动减少海洋环境中的污染。） 48 marine research 海洋研究 1. The university has a lab for marine research on coral and algae.（这所大学有一个研究珊瑚和藻类的海洋研究实验室。）2. She plans to study marine research at university to protect the ocean.（她计划在大学学习海洋研究，以保护海洋。） 49 arrest sb. for sth. 因某事逮捕某人 1. The police arrested him for stealing a mobile phone.（警方因他偷了一部手机而逮捕了他。）2. He was arrested for drunk driving last night.（他昨晚因酒驾被逮捕。） 50 make an arrest 实施逮捕 1. The police waited for the right moment to make an arrest.（警方等待合适的时机实施逮捕。）2. Two officers were sent to make an arrest at the suspect’s home.（两名警官被派往嫌疑人家里实施逮捕。） 51 under arrest 被捕；被拘留 1. The suspect is now under arrest and being questioned by the police.（嫌疑人目前已被捕，正在接受警方讯问。）2. He was placed under arrest after evidence was found.（找到证据后，他被拘留了。） 52 Marco Polo Bridge 卢沟桥 1. The Marco Polo Bridge is a famous historical site in Beijing.（卢沟桥是北京著名的历史遗迹。）2. We learned about the Marco Polo Bridge Incident in history class.（历史课上我们学习了卢沟桥事变。） 53 Travels of Marco Polo 《马可·波罗游记》 1. Travels of Marco Polo describes his journeys in Asia.（《马可·波罗游记》描述了他在亚洲的旅行经历。）2. Many people became interested in China after reading Travels of Marco Polo.（许多人读了《马可·波罗游记》后对中国产生了兴趣。） 54 Marco Polo’s travels 马可·波罗的旅行 1. Marco Polo’s travels lasted for more than 20 years.（马可·波罗的旅行持续了20多年。）2. We watched a documentary about Marco Polo’s travels to China.（我们看了一部关于马可·波罗中国之行的纪录片。） 55 Christopher Columbus 克里斯托弗·哥伦布（全名） 1. Christopher Columbus was an Italian explorer who discovered America.（克里斯托弗·哥伦布是发现美洲的意大利探险家。）2. We learned about Christopher Columbus’ life in world history class.（世界历史课上我们学习了克里斯托弗·哥伦布的生平。） 56 Columbus discovered America 哥伦布发现美洲 1. It is a well-known fact that Columbus discovered America in 1492.（哥伦布于1492年发现美洲是众所周知的事实。）2. The teacher told us that Columbus discovered America by accident.（老师告诉我们，哥伦布是偶然发现美洲的。） 57 Columbus’ ships 哥伦布的船只 1. Columbus’ ships, like the Nina and the Pinta, were small but strong.（哥伦布的船只，如“尼娜号”和“平塔号”，虽小但坚固。）2. We saw models of Columbus’ ships in the museum.（我们在博物馆里看到了哥伦布船只的模型。） 58 Ceylon tea 锡兰红茶 1. Ceylon tea is famous for its bright color and rich flavor.（锡兰红茶以其鲜亮的颜色和浓郁的口感闻名。）2. My grandmother likes to drink Ceylon tea with milk.（我奶奶喜欢喝加牛奶的锡兰红茶。） 59 Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) 锡兰（现斯里兰卡） 1. Ceylon, now Sri Lanka, is an island country in South Asia.（锡兰，现称斯里兰卡，是南亚的一个岛国。）2. The book was written when the country was still called Ceylon (now Sri Lanka).（这本书写于该国仍被称为锡兰（现斯里兰卡）的时候。） 60 Ceylon cinnamon 锡兰肉桂 1. Ceylon cinnamon is often used in baking and cooking.（锡兰肉桂常被用于烘焙和烹饪。）2. She bought a bottle of Ceylon cinnamon to add flavor to her dishes.（她买了一瓶锡兰肉桂，给菜肴增味。） 61 Winston Churchill 温斯顿·丘吉尔（全名） 1. Winston Churchill was the British Prime Minister during World War II.（温斯顿·丘吉尔是二战期间的英国首相。）2. We read a speech by Winston Churchill in our English class.（英语课上我们读了温斯顿·丘吉尔的一篇演讲。） 62 Churchill’s speeches 丘吉尔的演讲 1. Churchill’s speeches inspired many British people during the war.（战争期间，丘吉尔的演讲激励了许多英国人。）2. His most famous speech includes the sentence “I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears and sweat.”（他最著名的演讲中有这样一句话：“我能奉献的只有热血、辛劳、眼泪和汗水。”） 63 Churchill as Prime Minister 丘吉尔任首相期间 1. Churchill as Prime Minister made important decisions to fight against Nazi Germany.（丘吉尔任首相期间，做出了对抗纳粹德国的重要决策。）2. We studied the policies of Churchill as Prime Minister in history class.（历史课上我们学习了丘吉尔任首相期间的政策。） 64 Magellan’s expedition 麦哲伦探险队 1. Magellan’s expedition was the first to sail around the world.（麦哲伦探险队是第一支环球航行的队伍。）2. Many members of Magellan’s expedition died during the long journey.（麦哲伦探险队的许多成员在漫长的旅途中丧生。） 65 Magellan’s voyage around the world 麦哲伦环球航行 1. Magellan’s voyage around the world proved that the Earth is round.（麦哲伦环球航行证明了地球是圆的。）2. The journey of Magellan’s voyage around the world took more than three years.（麦哲伦环球航行的旅程持续了三年多。） 66 Magellan Strait 麦哲伦海峡 1. Magellan Strait is located between South America and Tierra del Fuego.（麦哲伦海峡位于南美洲和火地岛之间。）2. Ships often sail through Magellan Strait to save time.（船只常经过麦哲伦海峡以节省时间。） 67 Zac Sunderland – young sailor 扎克·桑德兰——年轻水手 1. Zac Sunderland – young sailor became famous for his solo sail around the world.（扎克·桑德兰——年轻水手因单人环球航行而出名。）2. We watched a video about Zac Sunderland – young sailor in geography class.（地理课上我们看了关于扎克·桑德兰——年轻水手的视频。） 68 Zac Sunderland’s solo sail 扎克·桑德兰的单人航行 1. Zac Sunderland’s solo sail started when he was only 16 years old.（扎克·桑德兰开始单人航行时只有16岁。）2. His family supported Zac Sunderland’s solo sail even though it was dangerous.（尽管很危险，他的家人仍支持扎克·桑德兰的单人航行。） 69 Zac Sunderland’s record 扎克·桑德兰的纪录 1. Zac Sunderland’s record as the youngest solo sailor was recognized by many organizations.（扎克·桑德兰作为最年轻单人水手的纪录得到了许多机构的认可。）2. We learned about Zac Sunderland’s record in the world records class.（我们在世界纪录课上学习了扎克·桑德兰的纪录。） 70 Robin Lee Graham – teenage sailor 罗宾·李·格雷厄姆——青少年水手 1. Robin Lee Graham – teenage sailor began his sailing journey at the age of 16.（罗宾·李·格雷厄姆——青少年水手16岁开始了他的航行之旅。）2. The story of Robin Lee Graham – teenage sailor inspired many young people.（罗宾·李·格雷厄姆——青少年水手的故事激励了许多年轻人。） 71 Robin Lee Graham’s sailing journey 罗宾·李·格雷厄姆的航行之旅 1. Robin Lee Graham’s sailing journey took him to many countries around the world.（罗宾·李·格雷厄姆的航行之旅带他去了世界上许多国家。）2. He wrote a book about Robin Lee Graham’s sailing journey.（他写了一本关于罗宾·李·格雷厄姆航行之旅的书。） 72 Robin Lee Graham’s book 罗宾·李·格雷厄姆的书 1. Robin Lee Graham’s book Dove tells the story of his sailing adventure.（罗宾·李·格雷厄姆的书《鸽子号》讲述了他的航行冒险故事。）2. Our teacher recommended Robin Lee Graham’s book to us for summer reading.（老师推荐我们夏天读罗宾·李·格雷厄姆的书。） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $