Unit 1 Science fiction 期末词汇拓展短语背记（二）清单-2024-2025学年高中英语人教版选择性必修第四册

人教版 选择性必修 4 Unit 1 Science fiction.期末词汇拓展短语背记（二） 序号 短语或句型 意思 例句1（中英对照） 例句2（中英对照） 1 due to inaction 由于无行动（因未采取措施导致某种结果） Due to the local government’s inaction, the environmental pollution became more serious.（由于当地政府的无行动，环境污染变得更严重了。） The project failed due to inaction in solving key problems on time.（由于未能及时解决关键问题的无行动，这个项目失败了。） 2 criticize sb.’s inaction 批评某人的不作为（指责他人未采取必要措施） The public criticized the official’s inaction in dealing with the accident.（公众批评了这位官员在处理事故中的不作为。） We shouldn’t criticize his inaction without understanding the difficulties he faced.（在不了解他所面临的困难时，我们不应批评他的不作为。） 3 conflict with sb.’s interests 与某人的利益冲突（某行为损害或违背他人利益） His new business plan conflicts with his partner’s interests, so they had a discussion.（他的新商业计划与合伙人的利益冲突，所以他们进行了一次沟通。） This policy will not conflict with the public’s interests, but protect them.（这项政策不会与公众利益冲突，反而会保护公众利益。） 4 His words conflict with his actions. 他的言行不一（某人说的话与实际行动不一致） As a leader, he should not let his words conflict with his actions.（作为领导者，他不应让自己言行不一。） Everyone noticed that his words conflict with his actions—he said he would help but did nothing.（所有人都注意到他言行不一——他说会帮忙却什么也没做。） 5 manual labour (n.) 体力劳动（主要依靠体力完成的劳动） Many farmers still rely on manual labour to grow crops.（许多农民仍依靠体力劳动种植庄稼。） Doing manual labour every day makes him strong and healthy.（每天从事体力劳动让他身体强壮健康。） 6 labour for a goal (vi.) 为目标奋斗（为实现某个目标而努力工作） He laboured for the goal of building a school in his hometown all his life.（他一生都在为在家乡建一所学校的目标而奋斗。） All team members laboured for the goal of winning the competition.（所有队员都在为赢得比赛的目标而奋斗。） 7 a leather jacket 皮夹克（用皮革制成的外套，常作为服饰） He bought a new leather jacket for the winter because it’s warm.（他为冬天买了一件新皮夹克，因为它很保暖。） Her father gave her a leather jacket as a birthday gift, and she likes it very much.（她爸爸送了她一件皮夹克作为生日礼物，她非常喜欢。） 8 genuine leather 真皮（真正的动物皮革，区别于人造革） The bag is made of genuine leather, so it’s more expensive than artificial ones.（这个包是真皮做的，所以比人造革的贵。） You can tell genuine leather from artificial leather by its texture.（你可以通过质地分辨真皮和人造革。） 9 pull the lever 拉动操纵杆（操作控制杆以实现某种功能） The driver pulled the lever to stop the machine when he found a problem.（司机发现问题时，拉动操纵杆停下了机器。） You need to pull the lever gently to open the door of the train.（你需要轻轻拉动操纵杆，才能打开火车车门。） 10 a control lever 控制杆（用于控制机器、设备运行的杆状装置） The pilot checked the control lever carefully before taking off.（飞行员起飞前仔细检查了控制杆。） This machine has a special control lever to adjust its speed.（这台机器有一个专门的控制杆来调节速度。） 11 a control panel 控制板（装有多个控制按钮、仪表的面板） The engineer stared at the control panel to monitor the machine’s operation.（工程师盯着控制板，监控机器的运行情况。） There are many buttons and lights on the control panel of the airplane.（飞机的控制板上有许多按钮和指示灯。） 12 an expert panel 专家咨询组（由领域内专家组成的咨询团队） The government invited an expert panel to discuss the new environmental policy.（政府邀请了一个专家咨询组讨论新的环保政策。） An expert panel was set up to solve the difficult technical problem.（为了解决这个棘手的技术问题，成立了一个专家咨询组。） 13 10 inches long (n.) 10英寸长（长度为10英寸，1英寸≈2.54厘米） The ruler on my desk is 10 inches long, which is convenient for drawing.（我桌上的尺子有10英寸长，画图很方便。） This book is about 10 inches long and 8 inches wide.（这本书大约10英寸长，8英寸宽。） 14 inch forward (vi.) 缓慢前进（以极慢的速度向前移动） The car in front of us inched forward because of the heavy traffic.（由于交通拥堵，我们前面的车缓慢前进。） The snail inched forward on the leaf, leaving a slimy trail.（蜗牛在叶子上缓慢前进，留下了一条黏液痕迹。） 15 walk backwards 向后走（朝与前进方向相反的方向行走） The teacher asked the students to walk backwards to practice their balance.（老师让学生们向后走，练习平衡能力。） He walked backwards carefully to avoid stepping on the broken glass.（他小心地向后走，以免踩到碎玻璃。） 16 look backwards 回头看（转过头看向身后的方向） She looked backwards to see if her little brother was following her.（她回头看，确认弟弟是否跟在后面。） When you walk on the street, don’t look backwards too often—it’s dangerous.（在街上走路时，不要频繁回头看，很危险。） 17 grip the handle (vt.) 紧握把手（用力抓住物体的手柄部分） She gripped the handle of the suitcase tightly as she ran to the train station.（她跑向火车站时，紧紧握住行李箱的把手。） He gripped the steering wheel tightly when the car skidded on the ice.（汽车在冰上打滑时，他紧紧握住方向盘。） 18 have a firm grip (n.) 紧紧握住（对物体保持牢固的抓握状态） The climber had a firm grip on the rope to avoid falling down the mountain.（登山者紧紧握住绳子，防止从山上摔下来。） She has a firm grip on the pen, so her handwriting is very neat.（她握笔很稳，所以字迹很工整。） 19 a hazy morning 朦胧的早晨（因雾气、光线等导致视线模糊的早晨） We went for a walk on a hazy morning, and the distant trees looked like shadows.（我们在一个朦胧的早晨去散步，远处的树看起来像影子。） A hazy morning usually turns into a sunny afternoon in this season.（这个季节，朦胧的早晨通常会变成晴朗的下午。） 20 hazy thoughts 模糊的想法（思路不清晰、不具体的想法） After waking up, she had hazy thoughts about the dream she just had.（醒来后，她对刚才做的梦只有模糊的想法。） His speech was full of hazy thoughts, and no one could understand his point.（他的演讲全是模糊的想法，没人能理解他的观点。） 21 my cousin’s niece 我表兄的侄女（亲属关系中，表兄的女儿） My cousin’s niece came to visit us last weekend, and we played games together.（上周末我表兄的侄女来看我们，我们一起玩了游戏。） My cousin’s niece is a primary school student who likes painting.（我表兄的侄女是个小学生，喜欢画画。） 22 visit one’s niece 看望侄女（去探望自己的侄女或外甥女） He goes to visit his niece in the countryside every summer vacation.（他每年暑假都去乡下看望侄女。） My aunt prepared many snacks before we went to visit her niece.（去看望她侄女前，姑姑准备了很多零食。） 23 fetch a book 去拿一本书（前往某地将书取来） Could you please fetch a book from my desk? Its cover is blue.（你能去我桌上拿一本书吗？封面是蓝色的。） She ran to the study to fetch a book that her teacher recommended.（她跑去书房拿老师推荐的一本书。） 24 fetch the doctor 去请医生（前往医生处请其来诊治） When his grandfather felt unwell, he hurried to fetch the doctor.（爷爷不舒服时，他急忙去请医生。） The villagers sent a boy to fetch the doctor from the town.（村民们派了一个男孩去镇上请医生。） 25 a cotton handkerchief 棉质手帕（用棉花制成的手帕，用于擦手、擦汗） My grandmother gave me a cotton handkerchief with a floral pattern.（奶奶给了我一块带花纹的棉质手帕。） A cotton handkerchief is more environmentally friendly than disposable tissues.（棉质手帕比一次性纸巾更环保。） 26 take out a handkerchief 拿出手帕（从口袋、包里取出手帕） He took out a handkerchief to wipe the sweat off his forehead.（他拿出手帕擦去额头上的汗。） She took out a handkerchief and gently wiped the child’s tears.（她拿出手帕，轻轻擦去孩子的眼泪。） 27 a desk lamp 台灯（放置在桌子上，用于局部照明的灯） I turned on the desk lamp to read my textbook at night.（晚上我打开台灯看课本。） Her desk lamp has a soft light that won’t hurt her eyes.（她的台灯光线柔和，不会伤害眼睛。） 28 turn on the lamp 打开灯（开启灯的开关，使其发光） Please turn on the lamp—it’s getting dark in the room.（请打开灯，房间里越来越暗了。） He forgot to turn on the lamp when he entered the room, so he tripped over a chair.（他进房间时忘了开灯，所以被椅子绊倒了。） 29 turn out the light 关掉灯（关闭灯的开关，使其熄灭） Don’t forget to turn out the light when you leave the bedroom.（离开卧室时别忘了关灯。） She turned out the light and went to bed after finishing her homework.（做完作业后，她关掉灯上床睡觉了。） 30 It turns out that... 结果是……（固定句型，用于揭示最终结果） It turns out that the man we met yesterday is our new neighbor.（结果是，我们昨天遇到的那个人是我们的新邻居。） It turns out that she didn’t tell a lie—she really was sick.（结果是，她没有撒谎，她真的生病了。） 31 set the pace (n.) 设定节奏（确定做事、运动的速度或频率） The leader of the team set the pace for the project, so everyone knew what to do.（团队负责人为项目设定了节奏，所以大家都知道该做什么。） The drummer set the pace for the band, and the other musicians followed.（鼓手为乐队设定了节奏，其他乐手跟着演奏。） 32 pace oneself (vt.) 调整自己的速度（根据情况控制自己的节奏，避免疲劳） You need to pace yourself when running a long-distance race—don’t run too fast at first.（跑长跑时你需要调整自己的速度，一开始别跑太快。） She paced herself while studying for the exam, so she didn’t feel too tired.（备考时她调整了自己的节奏，所以没觉得太累。） 33 The audience fell away. 观众渐渐减少（观众数量逐渐变少） As the concert went on, the audience fell away because it was getting late.（随着音乐会的进行，因为天越来越晚，观众渐渐减少。） When the rain started, the audience fell away from the outdoor performance.（开始下雨后，户外演出的观众渐渐减少。） 34 The snow fell away. 雪渐渐融化消失（积雪逐渐融化，不复存在） After the sun came out, the snow on the roof fell away quickly.（太阳出来后，屋顶上的雪很快就融化消失了。） The snow fell away within a few days, and the grass turned green again.（几天内雪就融化消失了，草又变绿了。） 35 the division of labor 劳动分工（将工作分配给不同的人或群体完成） The division of labor in our class makes the group project go smoothly.（我们班的劳动分工让小组项目进展顺利。） The division of labor in factories can improve work efficiency.（工厂里的劳动分工能提高工作效率。） 36 the division of 10 by 2 10除以2（数学中的除法运算，10÷2） The teacher explained that the division of 10 by 2 equals 5.（老师解释说10除以2等于5。） He made a mistake in the division of 10 by 2—he got 4 by accident.（他在计算10除以2时出错了，不小心得成了4。） 37 a puff of smoke (n.) 一缕烟（少量、呈缕状的烟） A puff of smoke came out of the chimney, indicating someone was at home.（一缕烟从烟囱里冒出来，说明家里有人。） He took a cigarette and blew out a puff of smoke.（他抽了一口烟，吐出一缕烟。） 38 puff out one’s cheeks (vi.) 鼓起脸颊（使脸颊膨胀起来，常为玩耍或模仿动作） The little girl puffed out her cheeks to imitate a puffer fish.（小女孩鼓起脸颊，模仿河豚。） He puffed out his cheeks and blew hard to put out the candle.（他鼓起脸颊用力吹气，吹灭了蜡烛。） 39 urge sb. to do sth. (vt.) 催促某人做某事（鼓励或督促他人采取行动） His mother urged him to finish his homework before watching TV.（妈妈催促他看完电视前完成作业。） The teacher urged the students to prepare for the exam carefully.（老师督促学生们认真备考。） 40 have an urge to travel (n.) 有旅行的强烈欲望（内心渴望去旅行） After working for a year, she has an urge to travel around the world.（工作一年后，她有了环游世界的强烈欲望。） He has an urge to travel to the mountains this summer vacation.（今年暑假，他有去山里旅行的强烈欲望。） 41 random selection 随机选择（不按特定规则，随意挑选） The winner of the prize was chosen by random selection from all participants.（奖品的获胜者是从所有参与者中随机选择的。） We used random selection to pick 10 students for the survey.（我们通过随机选择挑选了10名学生进行调查。） 42 at random 随机地（没有目标或计划地） He opened the book at random and started reading the first paragraph he saw.（他随机翻开书，开始读看到的第一段。） The teacher called students’ names at random to answer questions.（老师随机点名让学生回答问题。） 43 maximum speed (adj.) 最大速度（物体能达到的最快速度） The car’s maximum speed is 200 kilometers per hour.（这辆车的最大速度是每小时200公里。） You must not exceed the maximum speed limit on this road.（在这条路上，你不得超过最大限速。） 44 reach the maximum (n.) 达到最大值（数量、程度等达到最高限度） The temperature in the room reached the maximum at noon.（房间里的温度在中午达到了最大值。） The number of visitors to the park reached the maximum during the National Day holiday.（国庆节期间，公园的游客数量达到了最大值。） 45 The bomb exploded. (vi.) 炸弹爆炸了（炸弹因内部反应而破裂并释放能量） The bomb exploded in the empty building, causing no injuries.（炸弹在空楼里爆炸了，没有造成人员伤亡。） Everyone ran away when they heard the bomb explode in the distance.（听到远处炸弹爆炸的声音，所有人都跑开了。） 46 explode a balloon (vt.) 吹爆气球（使气球因内部气压过大而破裂） The child laughed happily after he exploded the balloon by blowing too hard.（孩子因吹得太用力把气球吹爆后，开心地笑了。） He used a needle to explode the balloon, making a loud “pop” sound.（他用针把气球扎爆，发出“砰”的一声巨响。） 47 a sudden jolt (n.) 突然的震动（意外、快速的摇晃或颠簸） The train came to a stop with a sudden jolt, and everyone nearly fell out of their seats.（火车突然一震停了下来，所有人都差点从座位上摔下来。） A sudden jolt woke him up from his sleep—his cat had jumped onto the bed.（突然的震动把他从睡梦中吵醒——他的猫跳上了床。） 48 The car jolted. (vi.) 汽车颠簸了（汽车因路面不平而上下摇晃） The car jolted badly when it drove over the pothole on the road.（汽车驶过路上的坑洼时，颠簸得很厉害。） We all held onto the seats tightly as the car jolted through the muddy road.（汽车在泥泞的路上颠簸行驶时，我们都紧紧抓住座位。） 49 flip a coin 抛硬币（通过抛硬币的正反面来做决定） We decided to flip a coin to choose who would clean the classroom first.（我们决定抛硬币来选择谁先打扫教室。） He flipped a coin, and it landed on heads—so he got to go first.（他抛了硬币，结果是正面，所以他可以先走。） 50 flip through a book 快速翻书（迅速地一页页翻动书本，浏览内容） She flipped through the book to find the picture her teacher mentioned.（她快速翻书，寻找老师提到的那幅图。） He flipped through the magazine while waiting for his friend.（等朋友时，他快速翻看杂志。） 51 be stunned by the news 被消息震惊（因消息意外或严重而感到震惊） Everyone was stunned by the news that their school won the national competition.（他们学校赢得全国比赛的消息让所有人都很震惊。） She was stunned by the news of her grandfather’s sudden death.（爷爷突然去世的消息让她很震惊。） 52 stun sb. with a blow 一击打昏某人（通过击打使某人失去意识） The thief stunned the guard with a blow to the head and ran away.（小偷一拳打在保安头上把他打昏，然后逃跑了。） He accidentally stunned his little brother with a blow while playing, so he hurried to call for help.（玩耍时他不小心一拳打昏了弟弟，于是赶紧呼救。） 53 covered in mud 浑身是泥（身体或物体表面沾满泥土） The children came back from playing in the park covered in mud.（孩子们在公园玩完回来，浑身是泥。） The dog rolled in the field and got covered in mud.（狗在田里打滚，浑身沾满了泥。） 54 walk through mud 走过泥泞（在泥泞的地面上行走） We had to walk through mud to get to the farmhouse in the countryside.（我们不得不走过泥泞，才能到达乡下的农舍。） Her shoes got stuck when she walked through mud on the way home.（回家路上走过泥泞时，她的鞋子陷进去了。） 55 an obvious overstatement 明显的夸大（很容易看出的、不符合事实的夸张表述） It’s an obvious overstatement to say he’s the best student in the school—there are many excellent students.（说他是学校最好的学生，这是明显的夸大，学校里还有很多优秀的学生。） His claim that he can speak 10 languages is an obvious overstatement.（他声称自己会说10种语言，这是明显的夸大。） 56 avoid overstatement 避免夸张（说话、写作时不使用夸大的表述） When writing an essay, you should avoid overstatement and use facts to support your views.（写作文时，你应避免夸张，用事实支持自己的观点。） The reporter tried to avoid overstatement in his article to keep it objective.（记者在文章中努力避免夸张，以保持客观性。） 57 Isaac Asimov’s works 艾萨克·阿西莫夫的作品（这位科幻作家创作的小说、散文等） Isaac Asimov’s works, such as I, Robot, are famous around the world.（艾萨克·阿西莫夫的作品，如《我，机器人》，在全世界都很有名。） Many science fiction fans like to collect Isaac Asimov’s works.（很多科幻迷喜欢收藏艾萨克·阿西莫夫的作品。） 58 the author Isaac Asimov 作家艾萨克·阿西莫夫（对这位科幻作家的身份指代） The author Isaac Asimov is known as the “Grandmaster of Science Fiction”.（作家艾萨克·阿西莫夫被誉为“科幻小说大师”。） We learned about the author Isaac Asimov and his contributions to science fiction in class.（课堂上我们了解了作家艾萨克·阿西莫夫及其对科幻小说的贡献。） 59 Larry Belmont in the text 课文中的拉里·贝尔蒙特（教材文本中出现的人物） Larry Belmont in the text is a kind boss who cares about his employees.（课文中的拉里·贝尔蒙特是一位关心员工的好老板。） We discussed Larry Belmont in the text and his role in the story.（我们讨论了课文中的拉里·贝尔蒙特及其在故事中的角色。） 60 talk about Larry Belmont 谈论拉里·贝尔蒙特（对这位教材人物进行讨论） The teacher asked us to talk about Larry Belmont and his personality traits.（老师让我们谈论拉里·贝尔蒙特及其性格特点。） After reading the text, we talked about Larry Belmont and his decisions in the story.（读完课文后，我们谈论了拉里·贝尔蒙特及其在故事中的决定。） 61 Claire’s experience 克莱尔的经历（教材人物克莱尔的个人经历） Claire’s experience in the story teaches us the importance of being honest.（故事中克莱尔的经历告诉我们诚实的重要性。） We wrote a short passage about Claire’s experience after reading the text.（读完课文后，我们写了一篇关于克莱尔经历的短文。） 62 communicate with Claire 和克莱尔交流（与教材人物克莱尔进行对话或互动） In the role-play activity, we had to communicate with Claire as different characters.（在角色扮演活动中，我们要扮演不同角色和克莱尔交流。） The teacher asked us to imagine how we would communicate with Claire in that situation.（老师让我们想象在那种情况下会如何和克莱尔交流。） 63 Gladys Claffern’s words 格拉迪丝·克拉芬的话（教材人物格拉迪丝·克拉芬所说的话） Gladys Claffern’s words in the story made Claire think about her own behavior.（故事中格拉迪丝·克拉芬的话让克莱尔反思自己的行为。） We analyzed Gladys Claffern’s words and their meaning in the context.（我们分析了格拉迪丝·克拉芬的话及其在语境中的含义。） 64 introduce Gladys Claffern 介绍格拉迪丝·克拉芬（对这位教材人物进行介绍） The teacher asked her to introduce Gladys Claffern to the whole class.（老师让她向全班介绍格拉迪丝·克拉芬。） We need to introduce Gladys Claffern, including her role in the story.（我们需要介绍格拉迪丝·克拉芬，包括她在故事中的角色。） 65 read in Braille 用布拉耶盲文阅读（盲人通过触摸凸点符号进行阅读） Blind people can read in Braille with their fingertips.（盲人可以用指尖通过布拉耶盲文阅读。） The library has many books that allow blind readers to read in Braille.（图书馆有很多供盲人用布拉耶盲文阅读的书籍。） 66 learn Braille 学习布拉耶盲文（掌握这种盲文的认读和书写方法） She decided to learn Braille to help her blind grandmother read.（她决定学习布拉耶盲文，帮助失明的奶奶阅读。） There are special courses in this school to help students learn Braille.（这所学校有专门的课程帮助学生学习布拉耶盲文。） 67 the novel The Three-Body Problem 小说《三体》（刘慈欣创作的科幻小说） The novel The Three-Body Problem has won many international awards.（小说《三体》获得了多个国际奖项。） He spent a month reading the novel The Three-Body Problem and was deeply impressed.（他花了一个月读小说《三体》，留下了深刻印象。） 68 read The Three-Body Problem 阅读《三体》（阅读这部科幻小说） Many students in our class like to read The Three-Body Problem because of its creative plot.（我们班很多学生喜欢读《三体》，因为它的剧情很有创意。） My father recommended me to read The Three-Body Problem to expand my horizons.（爸爸推荐我读《三体》，以开阔眼界。） 69 win the Hugo Award 获得雨果奖（赢得这项科幻文学重要奖项） Liu Cixin became the first Asian writer to win the Hugo Award.（刘慈欣成为首位获得雨果奖的亚洲作家。） His science fiction novel won the Hugo Award, which made him famous worldwide.（他的科幻小说获得了雨果奖，这让他享誉全球。） 70 the Hugo Award for Best Novel 雨果奖最佳长篇小说奖（雨果奖中针对长篇小说的奖项） The Three-Body Problem won the Hugo Award for Best Novel in 2015.（《三体》在2015年获得了雨果奖最佳长篇小说奖。） The Hugo Award for Best Novel is one of the most important honors in science fiction.（雨果奖最佳长篇小说奖是科幻文学领域最重要的荣誉之一。） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $