Unit 1 Topic 2（核心必背知识清单）-2025-2026学年九年级英语上册单元复习与检测（仁爱科普版）

Unit 1 Topic 2 阶段复习 1. 词汇分类记单词 分类 核心单词 人口与数量类 _____________(n. 人口，人数), _____________(num. 十亿), _____________(v./n. 增加，增大), _____________(v. 实现；达到) 政策与措施类 _____________(n. 政策，方针), _____________(n. 措施，方法), _____________(n. 政府，内阁), _____________________(短语：采取措施) 环境与资源类 _____________(adj. 天然的；天生的), _____________(v. 提供，供应；n. 供应量), _____________(n. 垃圾，废物), _____________(n. 环境，周围环境) 地点与设施类 _____________(n. 首都；资本), _____________(n. 集市，市场), _____________(n. 运输，交通), ___________(n. 电影院), _____________(n. 百货公司) 情感与态度类 _____________(adv. 幸运地，运气好地), _____________(v. 阻拦，阻止；使灰心), _____________(adj. 优秀的，杰出的), _____________(adj. 高兴的，满意的) 时间与频率类 _____________(adv. 还，仍), _____________(短语：到目前为止), _____________(adv. 在任何时候，从来), _____________(adv. 从不，从未) 2. 易考词汇变形归纳梳理 原形 变形 nature (n. 自然) _____________(adj. 天然的) luck (n. 运气，好运) _____________(adj. 幸运的) _____________(adv. 幸运地) discourage (v. 阻拦) _____________(adj. 灰心的) _____________(v. 鼓励) create (v. 创造，造成) _____________(n. 创造；作品) _____________(adj. 有创造力的) social (adj. 社会的) _____________(n. 社会) 3. 单词速配 题号 英语单词 选项 答案 1 population (n.) A. 面积，大小 B. 人口，人数 C. 温度，热度 D. 速度，速率 2 billion (num.) A. 百万 B. 十亿 C. 千万 D. 万亿 3 increase (v./n.) A. 增加，增大 B. 减少，降低 C. 保持，维持 D. 停止，终止 4 reach (v.) A. 错过，丢失 B. 实现，达到 C. 拒绝，否定 D. 等待，期待 5 policy (n.) A. 政策，方针 B. 工具，器械 C. 食物，食品 D. 衣服，服装 6 measure (n.) A. 音乐，乐曲 B. 措施，方法 C. 游戏，娱乐 D. 礼物，赠品 7 supply (v./n.) A. 需求，需要 B. 浪费，消耗 C. 提供，供应 D. 储存，保存 8 government (n.) A. 学校，校园 B. 政府，内阁 C. 医院，诊所 D. 商店，超市 9 natural (adj.) A. 人造的 B. 天然的 C. 危险的 D. 昂贵的 10 opportunity (n.) A. 机会，时机 B. 困难，麻烦 C. 错误，失误 D. 信息，消息 11 local (adj.) A. 外国的 B. 当地的 C. 古代的 D. 未来的 12 capital (n.) A. 首都，资本 B. 村庄，乡村 C. 城市，都市 D. 小镇，城镇 13 huge (adj.) A. 微小的 B. 巨大的 C. 短期的 D. 缓慢的 14 transportation (n.) A. 通讯，交流 B. 教育，培养 C. 运输，交通 D. 医疗，卫生 15 excellent (adj.) A. 糟糕的 B. 优秀的 C. 普通的 D. 无聊的 4. 词汇综合检测反馈 （1）单项选择 1.The world’s population has ______ 7.8 billion now. It’s still growing. A. reached B. increased C. supplied D. discouraged 2.Our government has taken many ______ to protect the natural environment. A. policies B. measures C. markets D. opportunities 3.—Have you ______ been to the new cinema nearby? —No, I’ve never been there. A. yet B. so far C. ever D. already （2）词形转换 4.Thanks to the government’s efforts, people’s living conditions are improving __________ (rapid). 5.We should try our best to save __________ (nature) resources like water and energy. 6.The local __________ (govern) has built more parks to make our city more beautiful. （3）选词填空 用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，每词限用一次。 [population, increase, supply, opportunity, excellent] 7. The __________ of this city is over 5 million. There are too many people. 8. This school offers __________ education. Many students want to study here. 9. With the development of economy, the number of jobs will __________ soon. 1. 短语梳理 核心短语 中文 例题 _____________ 到目前为止 ______ ______ , our school has built three new libraries. _____________ 采取措施做某事 The government has ______ ______ ______ reduce pollution. _____________ 幸亏，由于 ______ ______ the teachers’ help, I have made great progress. _____________ 给…… 打电话 Maria ______ ______ Michael yesterday, but he wasn’t in. _____________ 有…… 人口 China ______ ______ ______ ______ 1.4 billion. _____________ 处理，应对 We need to find good ways to ______ ______ the population problem. _____________ 被…… 环绕 The small village ______ _________ ______ green trees. _____________ 阻止做某事 We should __________ ______ trees. 2. 短语综合检测 （1）单项选择 1.______ the hard work of all people, the environment is becoming better and better. A. Thanks to B. Because C. So far D. Instead of 2.Our city has ______ many measures ______ improve public transportation. A. taken; to B. made; for C. done; to D. got; for （2）选词填空 用方框中短语的适当形式填空，每词限用一次。 [so far, call up, have a population of, deal with, be surrounded by] 3. The town _________ _________ _________ 80,000. It’s a small but beautiful place. 4. I _________ _________ my friend last night, but she didn’t answer the phone. 5. _________ _________ , we have finished half of the work. We need to keep going. （3）句子翻译 6.这个小村庄被青山绿水环绕，空气非常清新。（be surrounded by） → _______________________________________________ 7.政府已经采取措施来应对城市交通拥堵问题。（take measures to do sth., deal with） → ____________________________________________ 1. 句型功能分类归纳 句型类别 核心句型 考点 谈论人口数据 ① The world/Country + __________________ + 数字. ② The population + __________________+ 数字 + every year. 考点 1：数字表达（billion/million 前有具体数字时不加 s，如 7.2 billion；表 “约数” 时加 s，如 billions of）； 考点 2：“increase by” 表 “增加了……”，“increase to” 表 “增加到……” 表达 “从未 / 曾经” 经历 ① ________________________ + 地点. ② _______________________ + 地点？ 考点 1：never 用于否定句，表 “从未”；ever 用于疑问句，表 “曾经”； 考点 2：搭配现在完成时，后接地点名词 描述问题与影响 _____+ 问题（如 the population increases）, there __________ + 结果（如 more pollution）. 考点 1：as 引导时间状语从句，意为 “随着……”； 考点 2：主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时（主将从现） 提出建议与措施 _______________+ 动词原形（如 take measures）+ __________ sth.（如 protect the environment）. 考点 1：should 后接动词原形，表 “应该做某事”； 考点 2：“take measures to do sth.” 为固定搭配，to 后接动词原形 表达 “到目前为止” 的情况 __________, + 主语 +____________________.（如 So far, we have solved many problems.） 考点 1：so far 为现在完成时的标志词，主句必须用现在完成时； 考点 2：过去分词的正确形式（如 solve→solved） 2. 句型综合检测 （1）补全句型 1.______ ______ （到目前为止）, our school has organized many activities to protect the environment. （2）句型转换 2.He has never been to a department store.（改为一般疑问句） → ______ he ______ been to a department store? 3.The population of India is increasing by 12 million every year.（对划线部分提问） → ______ ______ is the population of India increasing by every year? （3）补全对话 A: Hi, Tom. Have you read the report about world population? B: No, I haven’t. What does it say? A: It says the world ______ ______ ______ ______ 7.8 billion now. B: Wow, that’s a lot! What problems will it cause? A: ______ the population ______ , there will be more pollution. B: What should we do then? A: We ______ ______ ______ ______ protect the environment. 1. 语法精讲（现在完成时 Ⅱ：时间状语与用法区别） （1）现在完成时的时间状语 时间状语 含义 句式位置 考点 ________ 已经（表动作完成） ___________句，放___________ 后 考点 1：不用于否定句/疑问句； 考点 2：与 “yet” 区分（___________ 表 “已完成”，___________ 表 “未完成”） ________ 还，仍（表动作未完成） ___________句/___________句，放句___________ 考点 1：不用于___________句； 考点 2：疑问句中表 “是否___________做”，否定句中表 “___________没做” ________ 曾经（表过往经历） ___________句，放 ___________ 后 考点 1：与 “never” 对应（ever 表 “___________”，never 表 “___________”） ________ 从不（表无过往经历） ___________句，放 ___________ 后 考点 1：本身表___________，无需再加 “not” ________ 到目前为止 句___________/句___________，主句用___________时 考点 1：固定搭配现在完成时； 考点 2：不可与一般过去时连用（如 “so far, we took...”→错误） （2）现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 语法时态 核心含义 时间状语 考点提示 现在完成时 强调过去动作对现在的影响 / 结果 already, yet, just, since, ever, never, so far 考点 1：不与具体过去时间状语（如 yesterday, last week）连用； 考点 2：主语是动作的 “经历者” 或 “结果承受者” 一般过去时 强调过去动作本身（无现在影响） yesterday, last year, just now 考点 1：必须与具体过去时间状语连用； 考点 2：只描述过去发生的事，与现在无关 2. 语法综合检测 （1）语法填空（用 already, yet, ever, never, so far 填空） 1.—Have you __________ been to the capital city of Russia? —No, I have __________ been there. I want to go there one day. 2.We have __________ finished the project. We can have a rest now. 3.—Has the bus arrived __________? —No, it hasn’t. We need to wait for 10 more minutes. 4.__________ , our class has won three basketball games this term. （2）单句改错（圈出错误并改正） 5.I have called him up yesterday.→_________________ 6.So far, they took many measures to solve the problem.→_________________ 7.He hasn’t seen the movie already.→_________________ （3）单项选择 8.—__________ you __________ to the local market? —Yes, I went there last Saturday. A. Have; been B. Did; go C. Have; gone D. Do; go 9.The population of our town __________ to 200,000 since 2010. A. increases B. increased C. has increased D. will increase 六、重点课文回顾 Section A Maria:Hello, Michael. I have just called you, but you weren’t in. ______________________________ Michael:I have just been to a shopping center with Kangkang. ______________________________, but I __________ want to go there _______________. Maria:_______________ Michael:Because there were too many people. We got lost and _________________________. Maria:Bad luck! ___________________________________ Michael:No, he has probably gone home. Let’s _______________ now. I really don’t like going to a place like that. Maria:____________________. 译文： 玛丽亚：嗨，迈克尔。我刚刚给你打电话了，但你不在。你去哪儿了？ 迈克尔：我刚刚和康康去了一个购物中心。我以前从没去过那儿，但我不想再去那儿了。 玛丽亚：为什么不想去了？ 迈克尔：因为那儿人太多了。我们走散了，找不到彼此。 玛丽亚：真倒霉！你找到他了吗？ 迈克尔：没有，他可能已经回家了。咱们现在给他打电话吧。我真的不喜欢去那种地方。 玛丽亚：我也不喜欢。 Section B (Kangkang is reading a report on population in the newspaper.) Maria: Hi, Kangkang, ______________________________ Kangkang: I am reading a report about world population. Maria: ______________________________ Kangkang: It says the world has a population of 7.2 billion in 2014. And it is ____________________ 82 million every year. Maria: Mmm, _________________________. Kangkang: Yes. China’s population has already reached 1.36 billion, and India has a population of 1.27 billion. Maria: ______________________________ the USA? Kangkang: 323 million. Maria: Oh, I see. ______________________________ Kangkang: It also says that ______________________________, ____________________ more pollution and other serious problems. Maria: So, ______________________________ Kangkang: There are a lot of things we should do. We should _________________________ protect the environment, for example, making new __________and __________. Maria: That’s great! Only _________________________ can we create a ____________________. 译文： （康康正在看报纸上一篇关于人口的报道。） 玛丽亚：嗨，康康，你在看什么呢？ 康康：我在看一篇关于世界人口的报道。 玛丽亚：报道里说什么了？ 康康：报道说 2014 年世界人口达到了 72 亿，而且每年还在以 8200 万的数量增长。 玛丽亚：嗯，那真是太多了。 康康：是啊。中国人口已经达到了 13.6 亿，印度人口则有 12.7 亿。 玛丽亚：美国的人口是多少呢？ 康康：3.23 亿。 玛丽亚：哦，我知道了。报道里还说别的了吗？ 康康：还说随着人口增长，将会出现更多污染和其他严重问题。 玛丽亚：那我们应该怎么应对这些问题呢？ 康康：我们有很多事情可以做。我们应该找到保护环境的新方法，比如制定新的规章制度和政策。 玛丽亚：太好了！只有共同努力，我们才能创造更美好的未来。 一、单项选择 1．—Have you finished your homework ________? —Yes, I’ve ________ done it this morning. A．already; yet B．yet; yet C．yet; already 2．The newly opened company ______ people in town ______ more chances to work. A．offers; for B．provides; for C．provides; with 3．The world population ________ to 8 billion last November, and many experts are worried about the coming energy problem. A．increases B．is increasing C．increased 4．—Tom, how are you feeling today? —Much ________. I don’t think I can go to school tomorrow. A．better B．worse C．healthier 5．—Have you _____ been abroad? —Yes, I visited London last year. A．never B．yet C．already 6．—Have you finished your homework ________? —No. I ________ TV last night. A．already, have watched B．yet, watched C．ever, watches 7．The country has spent 10 ________ dollars on a program to build a subway around the city. A．billion B．billions C．billions of 8．Li Hua likes collecting bank cards. ________, he has collected more than 500 cards. A．So far B．Later on C．At first 9．—If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, I’ll go mount climbing. —_________ A．So I will. B．So will I. C．So I do. 10．— Excuse me. What did the boy say just now? — Sorry, I didn’t__________ what he said. I was listening to the teacher. A．pay attention to B．thanks to C．prefer to 二、完形填空 China has the largest population in the world. In order to control the population, China 11 the one-child policy in 1979. It made great 12 . But many people saw not only its advantages but also disadvantages. So in 2016, our government started a new policy — the two-child policy. Many people believed that if one couple (夫妻) had two children, the children could 13 the pressure of looking after their parents with each other. As the society develops, we face a big problem of an aging population. To solve this problem, there was the three-child policy in June 2021. It 14 one couple to have three children. Experts say that they hope the new policy can change the 15 of a falling population. But not 16 wants to have a third child. The 17 cause is that they’re worried about the high cost of a third child. Some poor family even can’t support the 18 needs of living. Others don’t want to spend too much time on a new baby 19 the government promises to take some measures. For example, the government in Yunnan province gives out 5,000 yuan to the three-child family to 20 people. What will the new policy bring to the society is still on the way. 11．A．gave out B．sorted out C．carried out 12．A．progress B．problems C．efforts 13．A．increase B．share C．reduce 14．A．guides B．requires C．allows 15．A．form B．program C．situation 16．A．anybody B．everybody C．somebody 17．A．historical B．primary C．last 18．A．basic B．various C．local 19．A．if B．when C．although 20．A．encourage B．satisfy C．force 三、补全对话 根据下面对话的情境，在每个空白处填入一个适当的语句，使对话意思完整。 A: Hey, Bruce. Long time no see! 21.___________________________________   B: I’ve been to China. Look, here are the photos. How wonderful these Chinese buildings are! A: You are right. 22.___________________________________      B: Just a little. But I’m going to learn more Chinese language. It’s useful to learn about Chinese culture. 23.___________________________________ A: I helped the disabled as a volunteer. B: Really? I’d like to be a volunteer, too. Could I go there with you? A: Sure. 24.___________________________________ B: Let’s meet at 8 o’clock tomorrow. A: Goodbye. B: 25.___________________________________ 四、阅读理解 According to a recent report from the UN, the world’s population continues to grow. It can reach 8.9 billion in the future. But during the past 10 years or so, a large rapid drop (下降) in the world’s birth rate (出生率) has taken place. Families are smaller now than they were a few years ago. It’s happening in both developing and developed countries. China has already cut its rate of population growth by almost one half since the 1970s. Most Chinese families were allowed to have no more than one child. And the hope was to reach a zero population growth rate by 2035. Several countries in Europe already have a negative (负) growth rate. Experts said that these countries would not have enough workers in the future, and the people who were working would face much higher taxes (税) to support the growing retirees (退休人员). 26．In the past ten years, ________. A．there are fewer and fewer people B．the world’s birth rate has risen C．the world’s population has not been growing as fast as it used to be D．families are bigger than before 27．In China, most families are allowed to have only one child so that ________. A．the birth rate can be cut down B．each family is smaller C．the population cannot grow D．each family is bigger 28．The underlined word “cut ” in the third paragraph means “_______” in Chinese. A．分割 B．减少 C．切 D．砍断 29．A negative growth rate means ________. A．the birth rate is unknown B．the birth rate is larger than the death rate C．the death rate is larger than the birth rate D．the birth rate is growing fast 30．In European countries, ________. A．how to support the retirees would be a big problem B．few people would like to work C．the retirees can only depend on their families D．there are many workers 五、任务型阅读 The population of the world continues to increase, but in some areas the population is falling. This is true in Europe and especially in Eastern Europe. In Russia, the population is going down by about 100 people every hour! In Poland the population is also falling because people are leaving to work in other countries. One of the main reasons is a change of lifestyle. All over Europe people, especially educated women, have a different attitude to children from their parents. “I have one child and she is enough for me,” said Galina, a doctor from Moscow. Many women decide to have children later in life or not to have children at all. “I don’t want to have any children until I have worked for at least 10 years,” said 19-year-old student Hana from Prague. Her opinion is typical of 18—24-year-old women everywhere in Europe. In Poland, the population is going down for a different reason. A lot of people, usually aged between 20 and 30, are leaving the country to work abroad. Poland joined the European Union in 2005 and since then more than half a million people have moved to Britain, Germany, Spain and Italy. Many governments are now encouraging people to have larger families. In France women now receive nearly $1000 a month for a year if they have a third child. 阅读短文，回答下列问题。 31．How many children does Galina want to have? ___________________________________ 32．Hana doesn’t want to have any children at all, does she? ___________________________________ 33．Why is the population in Poland going down? ___________________________________ 34．How does the French government encourage people to have larger families now? ___________________________________ 35．What’s the main idea of this passage? ___________________________________ 六、短文填空 A组 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Dear Dick, How time flies! I have been back to school for two weeks. These days, I have 36.___________ (know) a lot about the population in China. China has a population of 1.4 billion. It has reached about one 37.___________ (five) of the world’s population. About 80 percent 38.___________ the people live in the countryside. It causes 39.___________ (many) problems than before. In less developed areas, some parents prefer boys to girls. Not all the families can offer their children a good 40.___________ (educate). Some children can’t go to school. China has taken measures 41.___________ (control) the population. China’s economy grows much and its 42.___________ (live) conditions have changed a lot. Most of us have lived in bright and tall buildings. We have had ring roads and they are wide enough. We have had more 43.___________ (comfort) life. 44.___________, the population problem is still serious in China. How 45.___________ the population of your country? Can you tell me about it? B组 阅读下面短文，根据语境、音标或所给单词的提示，在每个空格内填入一个适当的词，要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。 The world now has a population of about 7.6 billion. Every minute, about 261 new 46.___________ (baby) will be born in the world, most in the developing countries. These countries are found in 47.___________ [ˈæfrɪkə], South America and parts of Asia. The population in these countries is growing 48.___________ (fast) than that in developed countries. This is 49.___________ people in these countries will have more children. China’s population has already 50.___________ (reach) 1.4 billion. That is to say, about one 51.___________(five) of the people in the world live in China. 52.___________ large population has caused many social problems. China has carried out the three-child 53.___________ [ˈpɒlɪsi] to face the aging (老龄化) problem since May 31st. And the government has taken many measures to 54.___________ [səˈpɔːt] the policy. For example, the schools begin to provide students 55.___________ after-class care. Anyway, we’re trying to make it better. 六、书面表达 56．请根据下列内容提示，写一篇80词左右的短文，谈谈中国人口数量，以及政府在改善人们生活水平方面取得的成就。 内容提示： 1.中国有很大的人口，超过14亿人口。 2.中国做了巨大的努力来满足人们的日常需求。中国政府制定了很多合理的政策促进发展。中国变得越来越强大，人们生活水平正快速改善。 3.人们相信中国的未来会更加光明。 参考词汇：合理的政策 rational policies；工作机会 job opportunities；接受好的教育 get a good education ___________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 第 1 页 共 21 页 第 2 页 共 21 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 1 Topic 2 阶段复习 1. 词汇分类记单词 分类 核心单词 人口与数量类 population (n. 人口，人数), billion (num. 十亿), increase (v./n. 增加，增大), reach (v. 实现；达到) 政策与措施类 policy (n. 政策，方针), measure (n. 措施，方法), government (n. 政府，内阁), take measures (短语：采取措施) 环境与资源类 natural (adj. 天然的；天生的), supply (v. 提供，供应；n. 供应量), garbage (n. 垃圾，废物), environment (n. 环境，周围环境) 地点与设施类 capital (n. 首都；资本), market (n. 集市，市场), transportation (n. 运输，交通), cinema (n. 电影院), department store (n. 百货公司) 情感与态度类 luckily (adv. 幸运地，运气好地), discourage (v. 阻拦，阻止；使灰心), excellent (adj. 优秀的，杰出的), pleased (adj. 高兴的，满意的) 时间与频率类 yet (adv. 还，仍), so far (短语：到目前为止), ever (adv. 在任何时候，从来), never (adv. 从不，从未) 2. 易考词汇变形归纳梳理 原形 变形 nature (n. 自然) natural (adj. 天然的) luck (n. 运气，好运) lucky (adj. 幸运的) luckily (adv. 幸运地) discourage (v. 阻拦) discouraged (adj. 灰心的) encourage (v. 鼓励) create (v. 创造，造成) creation (n. 创造；作品) creative (adj. 有创造力的) social (adj. 社会的) society (n. 社会) 3. 单词速配 题号 英语单词 选项 答案 1 population (n.) A. 面积，大小 B. 人口，人数 C. 温度，热度 D. 速度，速率 B 2 billion (num.) A. 百万 B. 十亿 C. 千万 D. 万亿 B 3 increase (v./n.) A. 增加，增大 B. 减少，降低 C. 保持，维持 D. 停止，终止 A 4 reach (v.) A. 错过，丢失 B. 实现，达到 C. 拒绝，否定 D. 等待，期待 B 5 policy (n.) A. 政策，方针 B. 工具，器械 C. 食物，食品 D. 衣服，服装 A 6 measure (n.) A. 音乐，乐曲 B. 措施，方法 C. 游戏，娱乐 D. 礼物，赠品 B 7 supply (v./n.) A. 需求，需要 B. 浪费，消耗 C. 提供，供应 D. 储存，保存 C 8 government (n.) A. 学校，校园 B. 政府，内阁 C. 医院，诊所 D. 商店，超市 B 9 natural (adj.) A. 人造的 B. 天然的 C. 危险的 D. 昂贵的 B 10 opportunity (n.) A. 机会，时机 B. 困难，麻烦 C. 错误，失误 D. 信息，消息 A 11 local (adj.) A. 外国的 B. 当地的 C. 古代的 D. 未来的 B 12 capital (n.) A. 首都，资本 B. 村庄，乡村 C. 城市，都市 D. 小镇，城镇 A 13 huge (adj.) A. 微小的 B. 巨大的 C. 短期的 D. 缓慢的 B 14 transportation (n.) A. 通讯，交流 B. 教育，培养 C. 运输，交通 D. 医疗，卫生 C 15 excellent (adj.) A. 糟糕的 B. 优秀的 C. 普通的 D. 无聊的 B 4. 词汇综合检测反馈 （1）单项选择 1.The world’s population has ______ 7.8 billion now. It’s still growing. A. reached B. increased C. supplied D. discouraged 2.Our government has taken many ______ to protect the natural environment. A. policies B. measures C. markets D. opportunities 3.—Have you ______ been to the new cinema nearby? —No, I’ve never been there. A. yet B. so far C. ever D. already （2）词形转换 4.Thanks to the government’s efforts, people’s living conditions are improving __________ (rapid). 5.We should try our best to save __________ (nature) resources like water and energy. 6.The local __________ (govern) has built more parks to make our city more beautiful. （3）选词填空 用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，每词限用一次。 [population, increase, supply, opportunity, excellent] 7. The __________ of this city is over 5 million. There are too many people. 8. This school offers __________ education. Many students want to study here. 9. With the development of economy, the number of jobs will __________ soon. 答案：1.A 2.B 3.C 4.rapidly 5.natural 6.government 7.population 8.excellent 9.increase 1. 短语梳理 核心短语 中文 例题 so far 到目前为止 ______ ______ , our school has built three new libraries. （答案：So far） take measures to do sth. 采取措施做某事 The government has ______ ______ ______ reduce pollution. （答案：taken measures to） thanks to 幸亏，由于 ______ ______ the teachers’ help, I have made great progress.（答案：Thanks to） call up 给…… 打电话；征召 Maria ______ ______ Michael yesterday, but he wasn’t in. （答案：called up） have a population of 有…… 人口 China ______ ______ ______ ______ 1.4 billion. （答案：has a population of） deal with 处理，应对 We need to find good ways to ______ ______ the population problem.（答案：deal with） be surrounded by 被…… 环绕 The small village ______ _________ ______ green trees. （答案：is surrounded by） discourage doing sth. 阻止做某事 We should __________ ______ trees. （答案：discourage cutting） 2. 短语综合检测 （1）单项选择 1.______ the hard work of all people, the environment is becoming better and better. A. Thanks to B. Because C. So far D. Instead of 2.Our city has ______ many measures ______ improve public transportation. A. taken; to B. made; for C. done; to D. got; for （2）选词填空 用方框中短语的适当形式填空，每词限用一次。 [so far, call up, have a population of, deal with, be surrounded by] 3. The town _________ _________ _________ 80,000. It’s a small but beautiful place. 4. I _________ _________ my friend last night, but she didn’t answer the phone. 5. _________ _________ , we have finished half of the work. We need to keep going. （3）句子翻译 6.这个小村庄被青山绿水环绕，空气非常清新。（be surrounded by） → _______________________________________________ 7.政府已经采取措施来应对城市交通拥堵问题。（take measures to do sth., deal with） → ____________________________________________ 答案：1.A 2.A 3.has a population of 4.called up 5.So far 6.This small village is surrounded by green mountains and clear water, and the air is very fresh. 7.The government has taken measures to deal with the traffic jam problem in the city. 1. 句型功能分类归纳 句型类别 核心句型 考点 谈论人口数据 ① The world/Country + has a population of + 数字. ② The population + is increasing by + 数字 + every year. 考点 1：数字表达（billion/million 前有具体数字时不加 s，如 7.2 billion；表 “约数” 时加 s，如 billions of）； 考点 2：“increase by” 表 “增加了……”，“increase to” 表 “增加到……” 表达 “从未 / 曾经” 经历 ① I have never been to + 地点. ② Have you ever been to + 地点？ 考点 1：never 用于否定句，表 “从未”；ever 用于疑问句，表 “曾经”； 考点 2：搭配现在完成时，后接地点名词 描述问题与影响 As + 问题（如 the population increases）, there will be + 结果（如 more pollution）. 考点 1：as 引导时间状语从句，意为 “随着……”； 考点 2：主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时（主将从现） 提出建议与措施 We should + 动词原形（如 take measures）+ to do sth.（如 protect the environment）. 考点 1：should 后接动词原形，表 “应该做某事”； 考点 2：“take measures to do sth.” 为固定搭配，to 后接动词原形 表达 “到目前为止” 的情况 So far, + 主语 + have/has + 过去分词.（如 So far, we have solved many problems.） 考点 1：so far 为现在完成时的标志词，主句必须用现在完成时； 考点 2：过去分词的正确形式（如 solve→solved） 2. 句型综合检测 （1）补全句型 1.______ ______ （到目前为止）, our school has organized many activities to protect the environment. （2）句型转换 2.He has never been to a department store.（改为一般疑问句） → ______ he ______ been to a department store? 3.The population of India is increasing by 12 million every year.（对划线部分提问） → ______ ______ is the population of India increasing by every year? （3）补全对话 A: Hi, Tom. Have you read the report about world population? B: No, I haven’t. What does it say? A: It says the world ______ ______ ______ ______ 7.8 billion now. B: Wow, that’s a lot! What problems will it cause? A: ______ the population ______ , there will be more pollution. B: What should we do then? A: We ______ ______ ______ ______ protect the environment. 答案：1..So far 2.Has; ever 3.How much 4.has a population of 5.As; increases 6.should take measures to 1. 语法精讲（现在完成时 Ⅱ：时间状语与用法区别） （1）现在完成时的时间状语 时间状语 含义 句式位置 考点 already 已经（表动作完成） 肯定句，放 have/has 后 考点 1：不用于否定句/疑问句； 考点 2：与 “yet” 区分（already 表 “已完成”，yet 表 “未完成”） yet 还，仍（表动作未完成） 否定句/疑问句，放句末 考点 1：不用于肯定句； 考点 2：疑问句中表 “是否已做”，否定句中表 “还没做” ever 曾经（表过往经历） 疑问句，放 have/has 后 考点 1：与 “never” 对应（ever 表 “曾经”，never 表 “从未”） never 从不（表无过往经历） 否定句，放 have/has 后 考点 1：本身表否定，无需再加 “not” so far 到目前为止 句首/句末，主句用现完时 考点 1：固定搭配现在完成时； 考点 2：不可与一般过去时连用（如 “so far, we took...”→错误） （2）现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 语法时态 核心含义 时间状语 考点提示 现在完成时 强调过去动作对现在的影响 / 结果 already, yet, just, since, ever, never, so far 考点 1：不与具体过去时间状语（如 yesterday, last week）连用； 考点 2：主语是动作的 “经历者” 或 “结果承受者” 一般过去时 强调过去动作本身（无现在影响） yesterday, last year, just now 考点 1：必须与具体过去时间状语连用； 考点 2：只描述过去发生的事，与现在无关 2. 语法综合检测 （1）语法填空（用 already, yet, ever, never, so far 填空） 1.—Have you __________ been to the capital city of Russia? —No, I have __________ been there. I want to go there one day. 2.We have __________ finished the project. We can have a rest now. 3.—Has the bus arrived __________? —No, it hasn’t. We need to wait for 10 more minutes. 4.__________ , our class has won three basketball games this term. （2）单句改错（圈出错误并改正） 5.I have called him up yesterday.→_________________ 6.So far, they took many measures to solve the problem.→_________________ 7.He hasn’t seen the movie already.→_________________ （3）单项选择 8.—__________ you __________ to the local market? —Yes, I went there last Saturday. A. Have; been B. Did; go C. Have; gone D. Do; go 9.The population of our town __________ to 200,000 since 2010. A. increases B. increased C. has increased D. will increase 答案：1.ever; never 2.already 3.yet 4.So far 5. 去掉 have 6.took→have taken 7.already→yet 8.B 9.C 六、重点课文回顾 Section A Maria:Hello, Michael. I have just called you, but you weren’t in. Where have you been? Michael:I have just been to a shopping center with Kangkang. I’ve never been there before, but I don’t want to go there any more. Maria:Why not? Michael:Because there were too many people. We got lost and couldn’t find each other. Maria:Bad luck! Have you found him yet? Michael:No, he has probably gone home. Let’s call him up now. I really don’t like going to a place like that. Maria:Neither do I. 译文： 玛丽亚：嗨，迈克尔。我刚刚给你打电话了，但你不在。你去哪儿了？ 迈克尔：我刚刚和康康去了一个购物中心。我以前从没去过那儿，但我不想再去那儿了。 玛丽亚：为什么不想去了？ 迈克尔：因为那儿人太多了。我们走散了，找不到彼此。 玛丽亚：真倒霉！你找到他了吗？ 迈克尔：没有，他可能已经回家了。咱们现在给他打电话吧。我真的不喜欢去那种地方。 玛丽亚：我也不喜欢。 Section B (Kangkang is reading a report on population in the newspaper.) Maria: Hi, Kangkang, what are you reading? Kangkang: I am reading a report about world population. Maria: What does it say? Kangkang: It says the world has a population of 7.2 billion in 2014. And it is increasing by 82 million every year. Maria: Mmm, that’s really a lot. Kangkang: Yes. China’s population has already reached 1.36 billion, and India has a population of 1.27 billion. Maria: What’s the population of the USA? Kangkang: 323 million. Maria: Oh, I see. What else does it say? Kangkang: It also says that as the population increases, there will be more pollution and other serious problems. Maria: So, what should we do with the problems? Kangkang: There are a lot of things we should do. We should find new ways to protect the environment, for example, making new rules and policies. Maria: That’s great! Only by working together can we create a better future. 译文： （康康正在看报纸上一篇关于人口的报道。） 玛丽亚：嗨，康康，你在看什么呢？ 康康：我在看一篇关于世界人口的报道。 玛丽亚：报道里说什么了？ 康康：报道说 2014 年世界人口达到了 72 亿，而且每年还在以 8200 万的数量增长。 玛丽亚：嗯，那真是太多了。 康康：是啊。中国人口已经达到了 13.6 亿，印度人口则有 12.7 亿。 玛丽亚：美国的人口是多少呢？ 康康：3.23 亿。 玛丽亚：哦，我知道了。报道里还说别的了吗？ 康康：还说随着人口增长，将会出现更多污染和其他严重问题。 玛丽亚：那我们应该怎么应对这些问题呢？ 康康：我们有很多事情可以做。我们应该找到保护环境的新方法，比如制定新的规章制度和政策。 玛丽亚：太好了！只有共同努力，我们才能创造更美好的未来。 一、单项选择 1．—Have you finished your homework ________? —Yes, I’ve ________ done it this morning. A．already; yet B．yet; yet C．yet; already 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你已经完成作业了吗？——是的，我今天早上已经完成了。 考查副词辨析。already已经，一般用于肯定句中；yet还，已经，一般用于否定句和疑问句中。第一空所在句子为疑问句，所以应用yet；第二空所在句子为肯定句，所以应用already。故选C。 2．The newly opened company ______ people in town ______ more chances to work. A．offers; for B．provides; for C．provides; with 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这家新开的公司为城镇居民提供了更多的工作机会。 考查动词短语。offer sb sth=offer sth to sb=provide sb with sth=provide sth for sb，表示“为某人提供某物”。句中直接宾语是“people”指人，故适用于provide sb with sth。故选C。 3．The world population ________ to 8 billion last November, and many experts are worried about the coming energy problem. A．increases B．is increasing C．increased 【答案】C 【详解】句意：去年11月，世界人口增加到了80亿，许多专家对即将到来的能源问题感到担忧。 考查一般过去时。根据“last November”可知，句子时态应用一般过去时，谓语动词应用过去式increased。故选C。 4．—Tom, how are you feeling today? —Much ________. I don’t think I can go to school tomorrow. A．better B．worse C．healthier 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——汤姆，你今天感觉怎么样？——更糟了。我想我明天不能去上学了。 考查形容词辨析。better更好；worse更糟糕；healthier更健康。根据“I don’t think I can go to school tomorrow.”可知，可以推测出情况变得更糟。故选B。 5．—Have you _____ been abroad? —Yes, I visited London last year. A．never B．yet C．already 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你去过国外吗？——是的，我去年参观了伦敦。 考查副词辨析。never从不；yet迄今为止；already已经。根据“Have you…been abroad?”可知询问某人是否去过某地，通常使用yet，用来询问是否已经做过某事，放在疑问句中。故选B。 6．—Have you finished your homework ________? —No. I ________ TV last night. A．already, have watched B．yet, watched C．ever, watches 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你完成作业了吗？——还没有。我昨晚看电视了。 考查副词辨析和动词时态。already已经，用于肯定句，yet已经，用于否定句或疑问句的句尾；ever曾经。第一空根据“Have you finished your homework…?”可知，此处是问已经做完作业了吗，为疑问句，用yet；第二空根据时间状语“last night”可知句子用一般过去时，动词用过去式watched。故选B。 7．The country has spent 10 ________ dollars on a program to build a subway around the city. A．billion B．billions C．billions of 【答案】A 【详解】句意：该国已斥资100亿美元在城市周围修建地铁。 考查billion的用法。当billion前有具体数字时，不加s不加of，当billion前无具体数字时，用结构billions of表示概数。空前有具体数字，用billion的原形。故选A。 8．Li Hua likes collecting bank cards. ________, he has collected more than 500 cards. A．So far B．Later on C．At first 【答案】A 【详解】句意：李华喜欢收集银行卡。到目前为止，他已经收集了500多张卡片。 考查副词短语辨析。So far到目前为止；Later on后来；At first起初。根据“he has collected more than 500 cards”可知，此处指他已经收集了500多张卡片，句子时态为现在完成时，空处应用短语So far“到目前为止”。故选A。 9．—If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, I’ll go mount climbing. —_________ A．So I will. B．So will I. C．So I do. 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——如果明天没下雨，我将去爬山。——我也将去。 考查倒装句。So I will.是的，我确实将；So will I.我也将，将来时；So I do.我也是，一般现在时。根据前文“I’ll go mount climbing.”可知，应是我也将去，是将来时。故选B。 10．— Excuse me. What did the boy say just now? — Sorry, I didn’t__________ what he said. I was listening to the teacher. A．pay attention to B．thanks to C．prefer to 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——打扰一下，刚才那个男孩说什么？——抱歉，我没有注意到他说什么。我当时在听老师讲话。 考查动词短语辨析。pay attention to注意；thanks to多亏了；prefer to更喜欢。根据“Sorry, I didn’t...what he said. I was listening to the teacher.”可知，我没有留意他说的话。故选A。 二、完形填空 China has the largest population in the world. In order to control the population, China 11 the one-child policy in 1979. It made great 12 . But many people saw not only its advantages but also disadvantages. So in 2016, our government started a new policy — the two-child policy. Many people believed that if one couple (夫妻) had two children, the children could 13 the pressure of looking after their parents with each other. As the society develops, we face a big problem of an aging population. To solve this problem, there was the three-child policy in June 2021. It 14 one couple to have three children. Experts say that they hope the new policy can change the 15 of a falling population. But not 16 wants to have a third child. The 17 cause is that they’re worried about the high cost of a third child. Some poor family even can’t support the 18 needs of living. Others don’t want to spend too much time on a new baby 19 the government promises to take some measures. For example, the government in Yunnan province gives out 5,000 yuan to the three-child family to 20 people. What will the new policy bring to the society is still on the way. 11．A．gave out B．sorted out C．carried out 12．A．progress B．problems C．efforts 13．A．increase B．share C．reduce 14．A．guides B．requires C．allows 15．A．form B．program C．situation 16．A．anybody B．everybody C．somebody 17．A．historical B．primary C．last 18．A．basic B．various C．local 19．A．if B．when C．although 20．A．encourage B．satisfy C．force 【答案】 11．C 12．A 13．B 14．C 15．C 16．B 17．B 18．A 19．C 20．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了我国人口政策随着时代的发展发生的变化以及政府采取的措施。 11．句意：为了控制人口，中国于1979年实行了独生子女政策。 gave out分发；sorted out整理；carried out执行。根据“the one-child policy”可知，应该是指实行独生子女政策，故选C。 12．句意：它取得了很大的进步。 progress进步；problems问题；efforts努力。根据“In order to control the population, China...the one-child policy in 1979. It made great...”以及“But many people saw not only its advantages but also disadvantages. So in 2016, our government started a new policy — the two-child policy.”可知，独生子女的政策取得了很大的进步，人口得到了控制，故选A。 13．句意：许多人认为，如果一对夫妇有两个孩子，孩子们可以分担照顾父母的压力。 increase增加；share分享；reduce减少。根据“if one couple (夫妻) had two children, the children could...the pressure of looking after their parents with each other.”可知，如果一家有两个孩子，以后可以分担照顾父母的压力，此处是share sth with sb“与某人分享某物”，故选B。 14．句意：它允许一对夫妇有三个孩子。 guides指导；requires需要；allows允许。根据“It...one couple to have three children”可知，三孩政策允许一对夫妇有三个孩子，故选C。 15．句意：专家们希望新政策能够改变人口下降的状况。 form形成；program程序；situation情况。根据“Experts say that they hope the new policy can change the...of a falling population”可知，三孩政策希望人们多生孩子，所以为了改变人口下降的状况，故选C。 16．句意：但并不是每个人都想要第三个孩子。 anybody任何人；everybody每个人；somebody一些人。根据“But not...wants to have a third child.”可知，并不是每个人都想要第三个孩子，故选B。 17．句意：主要原因是他们担心第三个孩子的高昂费用。 historical历史的；primary主要的；last最后的。根据“cause is that they’re worried about the high cost of a third child”可知，这是人们不生第三个孩子的主要原因，故选B。 18．句意：一些贫困家庭甚至无法满足基本生活需求。 basic基本的；various各种各样的；local当地的。根据“Some poor family even can’t support the...needs of living”可知，贫困家庭甚至无法满足基本生活需求，故选A。 19．句意：尽管政府承诺采取一些措施，但其他人不想在新生儿身上花太多时间。 if如果；when当……时；although尽管。根据“Others don’t want to spend too much time on a new baby...the government promises to take some measures”可知，此处两句之间是让步关系，应用although引导让步状语从句，故选C。 20．句意：例如，云南省政府向三个孩子的家庭发放了5000元，以鼓励人们。 encourage鼓励；satisfy满足；force强迫。根据“the government in Yunnan province gives out 5,000 yuan to the three-child family to...people”可知，政府发放现金鼓励人们生三胎，故选A。 三、补全对话 根据下面对话的情境，在每个空白处填入一个适当的语句，使对话意思完整。 A: Hey, Bruce. Long time no see! 21.___________________________________   B: I’ve been to China. Look, here are the photos. How wonderful these Chinese buildings are! A: You are right. 22.___________________________________      B: Just a little. But I’m going to learn more Chinese language. It’s useful to learn about Chinese culture. 23.___________________________________ A: I helped the disabled as a volunteer. B: Really? I’d like to be a volunteer, too. Could I go there with you? A: Sure. 24.___________________________________ B: Let’s meet at 8 o’clock tomorrow. A: Goodbye. B: 25.___________________________________ 【答案】21．Where have you been? 22．Can you speak Chinese? 23．What did you do these days? 24．When shall we meet? 25．Bye. 【导语】本文是A和B的对话，内容是A询问B最近做的事情以及他们约时间去做志愿者。 21．根据“I’ve been to China.”可知，是询问对方去哪里了，时态应用现在完成时，结构是has/have done。where“哪里”，主语用you“你”，助动词用have。故填Where have you been? 22．根据“Just a little. But I’m going to learn more Chinese language.”可知，此处是问是否会说中文，can“能，会”，speak Chinese“说中文”。故填Can you speak Chinese? 23．根据“I helped the disabled as a volunteer.”可知，是询问最近做了什么事情，时态是一般过去时，疑问词用what“什么”，助动词did，these days“这几天”。故填What did you do these days? 24．根据“Let’s meet at 8 o’clock tomorrow.”可知，是问什么时候见面，询问时间用when“什么时候”，此处是征求对方意见用shall，we“我们”，meet“见面”。故填When shall we meet? 25．根据“Goodbye.”可知，是说再见。故填Bye. 四、阅读理解 According to a recent report from the UN, the world’s population continues to grow. It can reach 8.9 billion in the future. But during the past 10 years or so, a large rapid drop (下降) in the world’s birth rate (出生率) has taken place. Families are smaller now than they were a few years ago. It’s happening in both developing and developed countries. China has already cut its rate of population growth by almost one half since the 1970s. Most Chinese families were allowed to have no more than one child. And the hope was to reach a zero population growth rate by 2035. Several countries in Europe already have a negative (负) growth rate. Experts said that these countries would not have enough workers in the future, and the people who were working would face much higher taxes (税) to support the growing retirees (退休人员). 26．In the past ten years, ________. A．there are fewer and fewer people B．the world’s birth rate has risen C．the world’s population has not been growing as fast as it used to be D．families are bigger than before 27．In China, most families are allowed to have only one child so that ________. A．the birth rate can be cut down B．each family is smaller C．the population cannot grow D．each family is bigger 28．The underlined word “cut ” in the third paragraph means “_______” in Chinese. A．分割 B．减少 C．切 D．砍断 29．A negative growth rate means ________. A．the birth rate is unknown B．the birth rate is larger than the death rate C．the death rate is larger than the birth rate D．the birth rate is growing fast 30．In European countries, ________. A．how to support the retirees would be a big problem B．few people would like to work C．the retirees can only depend on their families D．there are many workers 【答案】26．C 27．A 28．B 29．C 30．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要围绕世界人口增长情况展开。先是提到联合国报告显示世界人口持续增长，但过去十年左右全球出生率大幅下降，家庭规模变小，接着举例说明中国通过政策控制人口增长，还指出欧洲一些国家出现人口负增长，以及这种负增长会带来如未来劳动力不足、在职人员税收压力增大等问题。 26．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“But during the past 10 years or so, a large rapid drop (下降) in the world’s birth rate (出生率) has taken place.”可知，在过去十年左右，世界出生率大幅下降，这意味着世界人口增长速度不像过去那样快了。故选C。 27．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Most Chinese families were allowed to have no more than one child. And the hope was to reach a zero population growth rate by 2035.”可知，中国大多数家庭被允许只生一个孩子，目的是降低出生率，以实现到2035年人口零增长。故选A。 28．词句猜测题。根据文章第三段“Most Chinese families were allowed to have no more than one child. And the hope was to reach a zero population growth rate by 2035.”可知，中国通过限制家庭生育孩子数量来控制人口增长，所以“cut”在这里是“减少”的意思。故选B。 29．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Experts said that these countries would not have enough workers in the future, and the people who were working would face much higher taxes (税) to support the growing retirees (退休人员).”可知，欧洲一些国家人口出现负增长，会导致未来劳动力不足，在职人员税收压力增大，由此可推断出负增长率意味着死亡率大于出生率。故选C。 30．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Several countries in Europe already have a negative (负) growth rate. Experts said that these countries would not have enough workers in the future, and the people who were working would face much higher taxes (税) to support the growing retirees (退休人员).”可知，欧洲一些国家出现人口负增长，未来劳动力不足，在职人员税收压力大，所以如何赡养退休人员将是一个大问题。故选A。 五、任务型阅读 The population of the world continues to increase, but in some areas the population is falling. This is true in Europe and especially in Eastern Europe. In Russia, the population is going down by about 100 people every hour! In Poland the population is also falling because people are leaving to work in other countries. One of the main reasons is a change of lifestyle. All over Europe people, especially educated women, have a different attitude to children from their parents. “I have one child and she is enough for me,” said Galina, a doctor from Moscow. Many women decide to have children later in life or not to have children at all. “I don’t want to have any children until I have worked for at least 10 years,” said 19-year-old student Hana from Prague. Her opinion is typical of 18—24-year-old women everywhere in Europe. In Poland, the population is going down for a different reason. A lot of people, usually aged between 20 and 30, are leaving the country to work abroad. Poland joined the European Union in 2005 and since then more than half a million people have moved to Britain, Germany, Spain and Italy. Many governments are now encouraging people to have larger families. In France women now receive nearly $1000 a month for a year if they have a third child. 阅读短文，回答下列问题。 31．How many children does Galina want to have? ___________________________________ 32．Hana doesn’t want to have any children at all, does she? ___________________________________ 33．Why is the population in Poland going down? ___________________________________ 34．How does the French government encourage people to have larger families now? ___________________________________ 35．What’s the main idea of this passage? ___________________________________ 【答案】31．One (child). 32．Yes, she does. 33．Because a lot of people, usually aged between 20 and 30, are leaving the country to work abroad./Because people are leaving to work in other countries./Because more than half a million people have moved to Britain, Germany, Spain and Italy. 34．In France, women receive nearly $1000 a month for a year if they have a third child. 35．The population in Europe is going down (falling)./The reasons for the population falling in Europe. 【导语】本文主要介绍了欧洲一些国家人口下降的现状、原因以及政府为此采取的措施。 31．根据“‘I have one child and she is enough for me,’ said Galina”可知，她有一个孩子，对她来说足够了，也就是说她只想要拥有一个孩子，故填One (child). 32．根据“‘I don’t want to have any children until I have worked for at least 10 years,’ said 19-year-old student Hana from Prague.”可知，工作至少10年之前，不想要孩子，并不是根本不想要孩子，故填Yes, she does. 33．根据“A lot of people, usually aged between 20 and 30, are leaving the country to work abroad.”及“since then more than half a million people have moved to Britain, Germany, Spain and Italy.”可知，因为许多人，通常年龄在20到30岁之间，正在离开国家到国外工作，超过50万人移居英国、德国、西班牙和意大利，故填Because a lot of people, usually aged between 20 and 30, are leaving the country to work abroad./Because people are leaving to work in other countries./Because more than half a million people have moved to Britain, Germany, Spain and Italy. 34．根据“In France women now receive nearly $1000 a month for a year if they have a third child.”可知，如果生育第三个孩子，妇女每年每月可以获得近1000美元，故填In France, women receive nearly $1000 a month for a year if they have a third child. 35．通读全文可知，介绍了欧洲一些国家人口下降的现状、原因以及政府为此采取的措施，故填The population in Europe is going down (falling)./The reasons for the population falling in Europe. 六、短文填空 A组 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Dear Dick, How time flies! I have been back to school for two weeks. These days, I have 36.___________ (know) a lot about the population in China. China has a population of 1.4 billion. It has reached about one 37.___________ (five) of the world’s population. About 80 percent 38.___________ the people live in the countryside. It causes 39.___________ (many) problems than before. In less developed areas, some parents prefer boys to girls. Not all the families can offer their children a good 40.___________ (educate). Some children can’t go to school. China has taken measures 41.___________ (control) the population. China’s economy grows much and its 42.___________ (live) conditions have changed a lot. Most of us have lived in bright and tall buildings. We have had ring roads and they are wide enough. We have had more 43.___________ (comfort) life. 44.___________, the population problem is still serious in China. How 45.___________ the population of your country? Can you tell me about it? 【答案】 36．known 37．fifth 38．of 39．more 40．education 41．to control 42．living 43．comfortable 44．However 45．about 【导语】本文主要讲述了作者在回到学校后的两周内，了解了有关中国人口的情况，以及中国在人口控制方面采取的措施和经济及生活条件的变化。 36．句意：这些天来，我了解了很多关于中国人口的情况。根据“have”可知，此句是现在完成时，动词用过去分词。故填known。 37．句意：中国的人口已经达到世界人口的五分之一。此处是分数表达法，表示五分之一，分子应用序数词。故填fifth。 38．句意：大约80%的人生活在农村。of用于构成百分比结构，表示“百分之多少”，故填of。 39．句意：它带来的问题比以前更多。根据“than”可知，应用比较级。故填more。 40．句意：不是所有的家庭都能给他们的孩子提供好的教育。good是形容词，应该修饰名词education“教育”。故填education。 41．句意：中国已经采取措施来控制人口。根据题干可知，中国采取措施，是为了控制人口，此处用动词不定式结构表示目的，故填to control。 42．句意：中国的经济发展了很多，人们的生活条件有了很大改善。living condition表示“生活条件”，是固定短语，故填living。 43．句意：我们过上了更加舒适的生活。空处作定语修饰名词life，应用形容词comfortable“舒适的”。故填comfortable。 44．句意：然而，人口问题在中国仍然严重。空后和上文是转折关系，结合逗号可知，应用however。故填However。 45．句意：你的国家的人口怎么样？根据“Can you tell me about it?”可知，这里是问对方国家的人口情况，应用how about“……怎么样”来提问。故填about。 B组 阅读下面短文，根据语境、音标或所给单词的提示，在每个空格内填入一个适当的词，要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。 The world now has a population of about 7.6 billion. Every minute, about 261 new 46.___________ (baby) will be born in the world, most in the developing countries. These countries are found in 47.___________ [ˈæfrɪkə], South America and parts of Asia. The population in these countries is growing 48.___________ (fast) than that in developed countries. This is 49.___________ people in these countries will have more children. China’s population has already 50.___________ (reach) 1.4 billion. That is to say, about one 51.___________(five) of the people in the world live in China. 52.___________ large population has caused many social problems. China has carried out the three-child 53.___________ [ˈpɒlɪsi] to face the aging (老龄化) problem since May 31st. And the government has taken many measures to 54.___________ [səˈpɔːt] the policy. For example, the schools begin to provide students 55.___________ after-class care. Anyway, we’re trying to make it better. 【答案】 46．babies 47．Africa 48．faster 49．because 50．reached 51．fifth 52．The 53．policy 54．support 55．with 【导语】本文主要讲述了全球人口增长的现状，特别是发展中国家的人口增长速度较快，以及中国为应对人口老龄化问题所采取的三孩政策和相关措施。 46．句意：每分钟，世界上大约有261个新生儿出生。根据“261”可知，此处用名词复数形式，baby的复数形式是babies。故填babies。 47．句意：这些国家位于非洲、南美洲和亚洲部分地区。根据所给的音标提示可知，此处是Africa“非洲”，专有名词。故填Africa。 48．句意：这些国家的人口增长比发达国家快。根据“than”可知，此处用比较级faster“更快”。故填faster。 49．句意：这是因为这些国家的人会生更多的孩子。根据“people in these countries will have more children”及语境可知，此处是解释上文这些国家人口增长快的原因，用because“因为”。故填because。 50．句意：中国的人口已经达到14亿。根据“has already”可知，此处用现在完成时，动词用过去分词形式reached。故填reached。 51．句意：也就是说，世界上大约五分之一的人生活在中国。根据“one…of the people”可知，此处表示“五分之一”，用序数词表示分母，five的序数词是fifth。故填fifth。 52．句意：庞大的人口造成了许多社会问题。空处是特指“庞大的人口问题”，所以用定冠词the。句首单词首字母大写。故填The。 53．句意：中国从5月31日开始实施三孩政策来应对老龄化问题。根据所给音标提示可知，此处是policy“政策”，名词作宾语。故填policy。 54．句意：政府已经采取了许多措施来支持这一政策。根据所给音标提示可知，此处是support“支持”，to后跟动词原形。故填support。 55．句意：例如，学校开始为学生提供课后照顾。provide sb. with sth.是固定搭配，意为“为某人提供某物”。故填with。 六、书面表达 56．请根据下列内容提示，写一篇80词左右的短文，谈谈中国人口数量，以及政府在改善人们生活水平方面取得的成就。 内容提示： 1.中国有很大的人口，超过14亿人口。 2.中国做了巨大的努力来满足人们的日常需求。中国政府制定了很多合理的政策促进发展。中国变得越来越强大，人们生活水平正快速改善。 3.人们相信中国的未来会更加光明。 参考词汇：合理的政策 rational policies；工作机会 job opportunities；接受好的教育 get a good education ___________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】例文 China is now developing faster and faster, and its population is also growing. China has a large population, more than 1.4 billion people. China has made great efforts to meet people’s daily needs. The Chinese government has made many rational policies to promote development. It also provides more and more job opportunities for people because of the good education people get. China is becoming stronger and stronger, and people’s living standards are improving rapidly. People believe that China’s future will be brighter. 【详解】[总体分析] ①题材：本文是一篇说明文，为材料作文； ②时态：时态为“一般现在时”和“现在完成时”为主； ③提示：题干要求根据材料提示，谈谈中国人口数量，以及政府在改善人们生活水平方面取得的成就。 [写作步骤] 第一步，从总体上介绍中国的发展情况以及人口数量； 第二步，具体阐述政府在改善人们生活水平方面取得的成就； 第三步，总结全文，祝愿中国的未来会更好。 [亮点词汇] ①make great efforts to do努力做某事 ②provide sth for sb为某人提供某物 ③because of+名词（短语）因为 ④faster and faster越来越快 [高分句型] ①The Chinese government has made many rational policies to promote development.(动词不定式作目的状语) ②It also provides more and more job opportunities for people because of the good education people get.(定语从句) 第 1 页 共 21 页 第 2 页 共 21 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $