训练(15) UNIT 4 SPACE EXPLORATION（学生用书Word）-【高考领航】2026年高考英语大一轮复习学案

训练(15)　UNIT 4　SPACE EXPLORATION (建议用时：30分钟　满分：42.5分) Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分) A [难度：☆☆] The United Arab Emirates is a small country with big ambitions.Possibly，nowhere is clearer than in its space program，which has already sent two astronauts to space and has a satellite probing (探查) the atmosphere around Mars. The country，over 50 years old，marked a milestone on Monday after Emirati astronaut Sultan Alneyadi returned to Earth in a SpaceX capsule following six months aboard the International Space Station.It was the longest space mission conducted by an Arab astronaut.Alneyadi also became the first person from the Middle East to conduct a spacewalk outside the ISS. Alneyadi，42，was part of a four­person NASA Crew­6 mission that was launched in March and returned to Earth after 186 days in space.Alneyadi's time aboard the ISS highlights the country's regional edge in space exploration. “For me，it was a dream that had come true.It was really amazing，especially for my region，” Alneyadi said in a video conference a few days before leaving the ISS.“I felt that I'm responsible for showing what's happening aboard the station.I think it's a boost towards spreading the enthusiasm in our region.” The father of six and long­time military engineer has been praised as a national hero in the UAE since his return to Earth. The UAE's president，Sheikh Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan，referred to Alneyadi as “my son” in a post congratulating him on his achievement.He said，“Alneyadi's journey shows we are capable of contributing positively to humanity's scientific and civilized march.” Alneyadi，a Ph.D.holder in information technology，beat out thousands of candidates in the UAE，passing numerous physical and psychological tests to ensure he could stand the physical and mental stress of being in space for many months.He then trained in Russia and the US to become an astronaut. In one of his final social media posts from space，Alneyadi wrote，“Space，this is not a goodbye.I will see you later，whether on a new mission to the ISS or a farther destination.” 1．What did Alneyadi say about his space exploration？(　　) A．It makes him responsible.　　　　　　　　 B．It is inspiring in his region. C．It marks a milestone in spacewalks. D．It is an unrealistic space mission. 2．Why did the UAE's president call Alneyadi his son？(　　) A．To express his humor. B．To maintain their relationship. C．To show his pride in Alneyadi. D．To thank Alneyadi's family. 3．What is paragraph 7 mainly about？(　　) A．How Alneyadi struggled for his dream. B．Why Alneyadi dreamt to be an astronaut. C．Why Alneyadi became popular worldwide. D．How Alneyadi obtained his academic degrees. 4．What does Alneyadi plan to do in the future？(　　) A．Say goodbye to space. B．Become an Internet influencer. C．Work on building a new ISS. D．Continue his space exploration. B [难度：☆☆☆☆] Based on new data from the European Space Agency's Gaia mission and other space science data sets，astronomers have created an animation to model dust in the Milky Way.The work was presented this week at the National Astronomy Meeting. The animation shows the cumulative build­up of dust looking from Earth's local neighbourhood to about 13，000 light years towards the galactic centre—around 10% of the overall distance across the Milky Way.Close by，dust swirls all around but，further out，the concentration of dust along the galactic plane (银道面) becomes clear.Two “windows”，one above and one below the galactic plane，are also revealed. “Dust clouds are related to the birth and death of stars，so their distribution tells a story of how structures formed in the galaxy and how the galaxy evolves，” said Nick Cox，coordinator of the EXPLORE Project which is developing the tools.“The maps are also important for cosmologists (宇宙学家) in revealing regions where there is no dust，allowing us to have a clear，unobstructed view out of the Milky Way.This helps in studying the Universe beyond，such as to make deep field observations with Hubble or the new James Webb Space Telescope.” “State­of­the­art machine learning and visual analytics have the power to greatly enhance scientific return and discovery for space science missions，but their use is still relatively novel in the field of astronomy，” said Albert Zijlstra of the University of Manchester and the EXPLORE Project.“With a constant stream of new data，we have an increasing wealth of information to mine—way beyond the scope of what humans could process in a lifetime.We need tools like the ones we are developing for EXPLORE to support scientific discovery，such as by helping us to characterise properties within the data，or to pick out the most interesting or unusual features and structures.” 5．What can we learn about the animation from the first two paragraphs？(　　) A．It is created to replace the dust in the Milky Way. B．It shows dust in a long span of space. C．It employs space data from an individual database. D．The animation hasn't been presented. 6．What can we know from Nick Cox's words？(　　) A．The distribution of dust clouds helps to dig the past of the galaxy. B．Only Hubble and the new James Web Space Telescope can help explore the galaxy. C．Cosmologists use maps to find where there are many precious dust clouds. D．Dust clouds are closely related to the formation and death of various kinds of galaxies. 7．What does Albert think about the EXPLORE Project？(　　) A．Fruitless. B．Controversial. C．Unrealistic. D．Challenging. 8．What can be a suitable title for this text？(　　) A．Open Invitation of the Wide Galaxy B．Thrilling Project for the European Team C．Deep Dive into the Dusty Milky Way D．Immersing Trip to the Grand Solar System C [难度：☆☆☆☆] If you live on this planet，there's a decent chance you've seen the classic Star Trek episode，in which Captain Kirk and several members find themselves in what appears to be another universe. These days，it seems the idea of the multiverse—many worlds—is having its Hollywood moment.Its appeal as a storytelling device is obvious—characters explore a multi­world with varying degrees of similarity to our own，as well as different versions of themselves.Hence，it has been fully established in mainstream pop culture. While Hollywood can't seem to get enough of the multiverse，it remains deeply controversial (有争议的) among scientists.Advocates on the two sides show no mercy toward each other in their books and on their blogs.But physicists didn't pull the idea out of thin air—rather，several distinct lines of reasoning seem to point to the multiverse's existence.However，critics warn that making the multiverse legal could make it harder for the public to distinguish speculative (推测性的) theories from established fact，making it more difficult to keep pseudoscience (伪科学) at bay.Giving credit to such speculation risks “turning fundamental physics into pseudoscience”． The multiverse controversy is rooted in the idea of testability.If we can't interact with these other universes，or detect them in any way，some experts insist that reduces them to mere philosophical speculation.But Carroll，an advocate for “many worlds”，argues that mathematics is the language describing our physical theories.If Schrödinger's equation (方程)，on which quantum (量子) mechanics rests，predicts the existence of many worlds，so be it. Could a more expansive view of the universe itself be the next breakthrough？As Siegfried puts it，“Every time in the past that we've thought，‘We've got it；this is what the whole universe is’—the people who've said，‘Maybe there's more than one of those’ have always turned out to be right.” 9．Why is Hollywood so occupied with the multiverse? (　　) A．It makes for engaging plots. B．It is a much­talked­about topic. C．It is helpful to popularize science. D．It dominates the mainstream pop culture. 10．What do the underlined words in paragraph 3 probably mean? (　　) A．Out of date. B．Out of place. C．Out of nowhere. D．Out of question. 11．According to the opponents，the basic standard of fundamental physics is that ________．(　　) A．it can be detected somehow B．it can be reasoned logically C．it can be interpreted philosophically D．it can be predicted by mathematics equation 12．What might be the author's attitude toward the multiverse? (　　) A．Doubtful. B．Dismissive. C．Unclear. D．Approving. Ⅱ.阅读七选五(每小题2.5分) [难度：☆☆☆] Reading is an exercise for the mind.It is good for our vocabulary and literacy skills，teaching us math or science concepts and helping us learn history.Apart from those，reading has another benefit.Have you read a story and felt tears well up because of a character's suffering? If so，that is because you have empathy (共情) for the character.__1(____)__ Research shows that human brains react differently to stories and facts.__2(____)__ In addition，your brain thinks you are in the story，which means you experience the characters' thoughts as if they were real. __3(____)__ This skill，called emotional intelligence (EI)，can make it easier to communicate and connect with people.Research shows that building this intelligence can lead to greater tolerance.One study found that people who read the Harry Potter novels，which tell stories about humans fighting against the evil，were less likely to behave unfairly towards powerless groups including refugees (难民). This theory of EI has been put into practice in schools.After reading The Boy at the Back of the Class，a story about a boy who is a refugee escaping from the war，students in St Michael's High School were inspired to do a 10­mile walk for the non­profit organization—Refugee Action.__4(____)__ __5(____)__ Not only are we more likely to engage in helpful behaviors when we feel empathy for other people，but others are also more likely to help us when they experience empathy.For society to develop，communicative and empathetic individuals really matter. A．In a way，all this increases our ability to read well. B．This permits people to limit their emotions that others are feeling. C．Many more areas of your brain light up when you're enjoying a story. D．It also stimulated them to raise ￡1，000 for the homeless caused by war. E．Reading encourages us to empathize with others，which could be beneficial. F．Empathy helps you to read people's emotions and work out the best way to respond. G．It helps you see into other people's hearts and can be learned through various stories. 答案与精析 训练(15)　UNIT 4　SPACE EXPLORATION Ⅰ. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了阿联酋的宇航员Sultan Alneyadi在国际空间站工作六个月后，于周一乘坐SpaceX的太空舱返回地球，该宇航员是第一个在国际空间站外进行太空行走的中东人。 1．B　细节理解题。根据第四段中“I felt that I'm responsible for showing what's happening aboard the station.I think it's a boost towards spreading the enthusiasm in our region.”可知，Alneyadi觉得自己有责任展示空间站上发生的一切，他认为这有助于在他们地区传播热情。由此可知，他认为他的太空之旅在他们地区是鼓舞人心的，故选B。 2．C　推理判断题。根据第五段的描述可知，Alneyadi自返回地球后，被誉为阿联酋的民族英雄。第六段中阿联酋总统说Alneyadi的旅程表明他们有能力为人类的科学文明进程作出积极贡献。由此可推知，阿联酋总统称Alneyadi为儿子是为了表明他为Alneyadi感到骄傲，故选C。 3．A　段落大意题。第七段谈到Alneyadi是信息技术专业的博士，他在阿联酋击败了数千名候选人，通过了无数的身体和心理测试，以确保他能够承受在太空中数月的身体和精神压力。然后，他为了成为一名宇航员在俄罗斯和美国接受培训。由此可知，本段主要描述了Alneyadi为实现他的太空梦所付出的努力，故选A。 4．D　细节理解题。根据最后一段中Alneyadi写的话“Space，this is not a goodbye.I will see you later，whether on a new mission to the ISS or a farther destination.”可知，Alneyadi未来会继续进行太空探索，故选D。 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了天文学家制作动画模拟银河系中的尘埃的技术、数据对研究的作用等。 5．B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The animation shows the cumulative build­up of dust ...towards the galactic centre”可知，该动画显示了一大片空间中的尘埃，故选B项。 6．A　推理判断题。根据题干中的Nick Cox可将答案定位在第三段。根据该段中的“Dust clouds are related to the birth and death of stars，so their distribution tells a story of how structures formed in the galaxy and how the galaxy evolves”可知，尘埃云与恒星的诞生和消亡有关，因此它们的分布讲述了星系中的结构如何形成以及星系如何演变的故事，即尘埃云的分布有助于挖掘星系的过去，故选A项。 7．D　观点态度题。根据题干中的Albert可将答案定位在最后一段。根据该段中的“With a constant stream of new data，we have an increasing wealth of information to mine—way beyond the scope of what humans could process in a lifetime.”可知，Albert认为EXPLORE项目有一定的挑战性，故选D项。 8．C　标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了天文学家制作了一个动画来模拟银河系中的尘埃以便更深入地探索布满尘埃的银河系，故选C项。 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇议论文。文章围绕多元宇宙在好莱坞电影中的流行，探讨了多元宇宙是否存在的问题。 9．A　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Its appeal as a storytelling device is obvious ...different versions of themselves.”可知，好莱坞之所以青睐多元宇宙题材是因为其故事性强，有引人入胜的情节，故选A。 10．C　词义猜测题。根据“rather，several distinct lines of reasoning seem to point to the multiverse's existence”可知，物理学家不是凭空提出这些想法的，C项与画线词的意义最为接近，故选C。 11．A　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“If we can't interact with these other universes，or detect them in any way，some experts insist that reduces them to mere philosophical speculation.”可知，反对者认为基础物理学不是建立在哲学推测上的，而是能实实在在以某种方式检测出来的，故选A。 12．D　观点态度题。根据最后一段中对问题“对宇宙本身更广阔的认识会是下一个突破吗？”的回答：“在过去每次我们都认为，‘我们已经了解了，整个宇宙就是如此’——那些说‘也许不止一个’的人总会被证明是正确的”可知，作者对于多元宇宙的看法是支持的、赞成的，故选D。 Ⅱ. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了研究表明阅读可以帮助培养同理心，这是有益的。 1．G　上文“Have you read a story and felt tears well up because of a character's suffering? If so，that is because you have empathy (共情) for the character.”提到“共情”，结合选项信息可知，G选项契合语境，该句是对上文“empathy”进行的说明和解释，“it”指代“empathy”，“stories”呼应上文的“story”。故选G。 2．C　根据第二段首句“Research shows that human brains react differently to stories and facts.”可知，本段主要谈论人的大脑会根据不同的故事和事实产生不同的反应；C选项也是谈论当人阅读时大脑的反应，契合语境。故选C。 3．F　下文“This skill，called emotional intelligence (EI)，can make it easier to communicate and connect with people.”讲述情商这项技能能够使得与人沟通、建立联系更容易，F选项契合语境，“This skill”指代F项中的Empathy。故选F。 4．D　上文“After reading The Boy at the Back of the Class，a story about a boy who is a refugee escaping from the war，students in St Michael's High School were inspired to do a 10­mile walk for the non­profit organization—Refugee Action.”进一步举例说在读了《教室后面的男孩》这本书后，圣迈克尔高中的学生的反应，D选项也是在谈论反应，契合语境。故选D。 5．E　由本空所在位置可知，此处为段首句，总括全段信息，最后一段中谈论到不仅当我们对他人感同身受时，我们更有可能做出有益的行为，而且当他人感同身受时，他们也更有可能帮助我们，是在讲述共情对人有益。 故选E。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $